Synthesis, antifungal activity and molecular docking of (E)-3-(((1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)amino)methylene)-thiochroman-4-ones / 药学学报

Thiochromanones and 1,3,4-thiadazoles as heterocyclic compounds have broad biological activities. In order to find novel compounds with antifungal activity, we synthesized a novel series of (E)-3-(((1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) amino)methylene)-thiochroman-4-ones. Structures of these compounds were established by HR-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 1D-noesy. All of the synthesized compounds were screened for antifungal activity by using an established agar double dilution method (plate method) against ten fungi species in vitro. Compound 5j showed significant inhibitory activity to Colletotrichum capsici, Rhizoctonia cerealis and Aspergillus niger compared with that of the positive control carbendazim. Compounds 5h exhibited better antifungal activity to Canidia albicans and Aspergillus funigatus than the positive control fluconazole, in which the minimum inhibition concentration can reach 8 μg·mL-1 and 16 μg·mL-1. Moreover, the molecular docking method was used to study the interaction mode of compound 5h and CYP51, and the results will be helpful for designing of CYP51 inhibitors in the future.

Synthesis and antifungal activities of N-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl-4-oxo-thiochroman-2-yl-formamide derivatives / 药学学报

Thiochromanones and 1,3,4-thiadazoles as heterocyclic compounds have broad biological activities. In order to find novel compounds with antifungal bioactivity, substituted thiophenol and maleic anhydride were used to synthesize the intermediate 4-oxothiochromane-2-carboxylic acid. It was reacted with 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol to get fourteen target compounds containing 1,3,4-thiadazole moiety. The structures of the obtained compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS. All compounds were investigated for antifungal activity via microdilution broth method. The results showed that the target compounds 3a and 3c to Epidermophyton floccosum and Mucor racemosus exhibited better antifungal activity than the positive control fluconazole, in which the minimum inhibition concentration can reach 8 μg·mL-1 and 16 μg·mL-1. Compound 3e showed significant inhibitory activity to Helminthosporium maydis, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea compared with that of the positive control carbendazim. Compound 3b exhibited inhibitory activity to Helminthosporium maydis better than the positive control carbendazim.

Touch DNA of shed skin cells from the deployed airbag to address drunken driving crimes / 法医学杂志

In the criminal cases of driving under the influence (DUI), DNA evidence can be collected from the deployed airbag of the motor vehicle and submitted to the crime lab for touch DNA analysis. The evidence can be acquired when the skin cells are observed on the surface of the airbag in a traffic accident. However, the low quantity or quality of the evidence collected from a crime scene prevents further identification analysis in many cases. In the current study, we reported a case of identifying touch DNA extraction from the shed skin cells from the deployed airbag of a motor vehicle. We managed to collect DNA evidence from the shed skin cells in an airbag using a proper approach of collection and extraction. The 5.87 ng of extracted DNA was sufficient for genotyping and forensic identification, which helped to identify the driver of the car in collision with a pier in the street. In DUI cases and other traffic accidents, therefore, the amount of touch DNA extracted from the deployed airbag can be sufficient for DNA marker genotyping and further analysis.

Genetic differentiation and patterns of gene flow of ten minorities in Yunnan province / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the features of genetic differentiation and gene flow of ten minorities in Yunnan province according to nine CODIS short tandem repeat(STR) loci (CSF1PO, FGA, THO1, TPOX, v WA, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820 and D13S317).@*METHODS@#Heterozygosity and parameters of population differentiation such as F, theta, f and Gst at each locus were calculated. DA genetic distance and fixation index Fst were calculated by Phylip 3.6 and Arlequin 3.0 software, respectively. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by Mega 3.0, and the patterns of gene flow were analyzed by R-matrix model.@*RESULTS@#It showed that average genetic heterogeneity in ten minorities was above 0.7. Significant difference was found for most of the loci in genetic differentiation. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the ten minorities were divided into two clusters. The results of the R-matrix analysis showed that the gene flow of Yi and Dai minorities were higher than that of other minorities, while the pattern of gene flow of Dulong minority demonstrated some of the isolation.@*CONCLUSION@#Nine STR loci commonly used in forensic identification show a high polymorphism. Heterozygosity can be used for investigating genetic differentiation and gene flow of minority. The ten minorities in Yunnan are independent populations, while the level of differentiation is not high. The relationship in evolution is not far from each other and shows a widely gene flow among the minorities.

Polymorphism of fifteen short tandem repeat loci in Tibetan of Changdu area / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the genetic polymorphism of 15 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci, i.e. D5S818, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, vWA, TPOX and D18S51, in Tibetan population of Changdu area, and to analyze the genetic relationship between this population and other Asian populations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 15 loci were amplified simultaneously using a multiplex PCR typing system. Amplified STR fragments were analyzed with an ABI PRISM 3100 Avant DNA Analyzer. Arlequin software version 3.1 was used to obtain allele frequencies and polymorphism parameters.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 135 STR alleles in the 15 STRs of Changdu Tibetan, with allele frequencies ranging from 0.0065 to 0.5455. The average heterozygosity was 0.7340, the discrimination power was higher than 0.8 except for TPOX and TH01. The accumulative discrimination power was more than 0.9999998, and the accumulative non-parental exclusion probability was 0.99999997.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 15 STR loci of Changdu Tibetan possess characteristics of high genetic diversity. They can be employed in minority genetics investigation, and individual and paternity test in forensic medicine.</p>

Genetic variation of 9 X-linked short tandem repeat loci among four populations of Inner Mongolian / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the genetic structure of X chromosome in Mongolia, Ewenki, Elunchun and Dawoer in Inner Mongolia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nine short tandem repeat (STR) markers on the X chromosome (DXS6789, DXS101, DXS8378, DXS7132, DXS7133, DXS7423, DXS6804, DXS6799 and HPRTB) were analyzed in the four populations from Inner Mongolian (Mongol, Ewenki,Oroqen and Daur) for their genetic diversity, forensic suitability and possible genetic affinities of the populations. Frequencies and other parameters of forensic interest were computed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results revealed that the nine markers described here have a moderate degree of variability in the population groups. And there are significant differences in the genetic variability among the populations. Genetic distance and cluster analyses show very low genetic distance between Mongol and Han (Xi'an) communities. The results based on genetic distance analyses are consistent with earlier studies based on linguistic as well as immigration history and origin of these populations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The nine STR loci studied here were found not only useful in studying genetic variations between populations but also suitable for human identity testing.</p>

Novel mutations in ubiquitin-specific protease 26 gene might cause spermatogenesis impairment and male infertility / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the incidence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in ubiquitin-specific protease 26 (USP26) gene and its involvement in idiopathic male infertility in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Routine semen analysis was performed. Infertility factors such as immunological, infectious and biochemical disorders were examined to select patients with idiopathic infertility. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood of the selected patients and control population, which were examined for mutations using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Furthermore, nucleotide sequences were sequenced in some patients and controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 41 infertile men, 9 (22.0%, P = 0.01) had changes in USP26 gene on the X chromosome. A compound mutation (364insACA; 460G right triple arrow A) was detected in 8 patients (19.5%, P = 0.01) and a 1044T right triple arrow A substitution was found in 1 patient (2.4%, P > 0.05). All three variations led to changes in the coding amino acids. Two substitutions predict some changes: 460G right triple arrow A changes a valine into an isoleucine, and 1044T right triple arrow A substitutes a leucine for a phenylalanine. Another insertion of three nucleotides ACA causes an insertion of threonine. No other changes were found in the remaining patients and fertile controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The USP26 gene might be of importance in male reproduction. Mutations in this gene might be associated with male infertility, and might negatively affect testicular function. Further research on this issue is in progress.</p>

Genetic polymorphism of twelve Y chromosomal short tandem repeat loci in Chinese Hui ethnic group / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To obtain the genetic polymorphism of Y chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) loci in Ningxia Hui population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Blood samples were collected from 150 unrelated healthy male individuals of Ningxia Hui ethnic group. Twelve Y-STR loci were amplified in one tube by using the PowerPlex System STR Amplification Kit, and the genotypes were determined using Genescan and Genotype software of ABI377 DNA sequencer and the frequency of alleles and haplotypes of Ningxia Hui ethnic was obtained.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seventy-five alleles were observed at 12 Y-STR loci. The frequency ranged from 0.0067-0.7067 and the gene diversity ranged from 0.4446-0.8877. Totally 148 different haplotypes were found, which were unique in 150 males. Two haplotypes were shared by 2 males respectively. The haplotype diversity was 0.9864.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 12 Y-STR loci are highly polymorphic in Ningxia Hui population and are suitable for genetics and forensic research.</p>

Genetic polymorphisms of 9 X-chromosome short tandem repeat loci in a Inner Mongolia Ewenki population and their forensic evaluation / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the alleles and genotypes frequency of 9 short tandem repeat (STR) loci on the X chromosome (DXS6789, DXS101, DXS8378, DXS7132, DXS7133, DXS7423, DXS6804, DXS6799, HPRTB) of Ewenki individuals living in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 9 X-chromosomal STR loci were analyzed with polymerase chain reation (PCR), followed by polyacylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. Software SPSS13.0, Genepop, Fstat and Powerstats were used to evaluate their polymorphism diversity and potential forensic application.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Allele frequencies and genotype frequencies of 99 unrelated Ewenki individuals were obtained. Among the 9 loci, DXS6789, HPRTB showed less polymorphism and diversity in the population. The diversity of DXS7132 has no statistical difference between Ewenki population and other 4 Asian populations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Except DXS6789, HPRTB, the other 7 X-chromosomal STR loci are appropriate for individual identification, paternity test involving a female child, and studies on related disease. DXS7132 should be excluded when being used to distinguish diversity difference among populations.</p>

Study on SNP polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region from Nu ethnic population in Yunnan of China / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)of Chinese Nu ethnic population from Yunnan region of China and to provide basic database for ethnic origin investigation and forensic purpose.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Genomic DNA from the whole blood of 87 unrelated individuals was extracted by standard chelex-100. The sequence polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-based assay and using ABI 3730 Analyzer to detect many number of relatively common point mutations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sixty-two SNP loci were observed among them with 492 point mutations and 59 haploids identified in mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region I (mtDNA HVSI). The gene diversity was estimated to be 0.9675,and the random match probability was calculated to be 0.0437.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The result suggests that mtDNA HVSISNP database of Nu ethnic population can be a useful tool for forensic identity and original research.</p>

Genetic polymorphism analysis of 8 short tandem repeat loci on the X chromosome in Luoba population of China / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the alleles and genotype frequency of 8 short tandem repeat (STR) loci (DXS6804, DXS8378, DXS7132, DXS7133, DXS6789, DXS101, HPRTB and DXS7423) on the X chromosome in Luoba ethnic group of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The eight X chromosome STR (X-STR) loci were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by polyacylamide gel electrophoresis and silver stain.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 96 unrelated Luoba individuals, the numbers of alleles in the 8 X-STR loci (DXS7133, DXS6789, DXS6804, DXS8378, DXS101, DXS7424, DXS7132 and HPRTB) were 5, 8, 7, 5, 8, 8, 8 and 5, respectively. The genotype frequencies in females were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The eight X-STR loci are appropriate for individual identification, paternity testing involving a female child and studies on related diseases.</p>

Polymorphism of five X-STR loci in Chinese Achang ethnic group / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the genetic polymorphism and applied value in forensic medicine of five short tandem repeats (STRs) loci(DXS7130, DXS7132, DXS7133, DXS6804 and DXS8378) on X-chromosome in Achang ethnic group.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Allele frequency and genotype distribution of five X-STR loci among 100 unrelated individuals from Achang ethnic group were analyzed by PCR following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of females was tested and forensic parameters were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>All the five STR loci were polymorphic in Achang ethnic group. Chi-square test indicated that genotype distribution of females was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results enrich Chinese genetic database and can be applied to individual identification, paternity testing and population genetics.</p>

Genetic polymorphisms of 14 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat loci and haplotypes in Tibetan / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To reveal the allelic frequencies and haplotype frequencies of fourteen Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) loci in a Tibetan population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The Y-chromosomal STR loci were analyzed from 126 healthy unrelated autochthonous male individuals of Chinese Tibetan using a multiplex PCR system. Allele and haplotype frequencies for these loci were determined by the AmpFISTR Y filer PCR Amplification kit.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One hundred and twenty-one alleles were detected from the 14 STR loci. The allele diversity values (DP) for each locus ranged from 0.4104 (DYS391) to 0.9489 (DYS385a, b), the DP value of these loci were higher than 0.5 except for that of DYS391. A total of 105 haplotypes were identified in the Y-STR loci, among which 103 were unique, while two occurred more than once. The overall haplotype diversity for the Y-STR loci was 0.9998, and the discrimination capacity was 0.9898.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 14 STR loci above belong to loci of high discriminating ability, the haplotypes are highly polymorphic.</p>

Genetic structure of X-STR loci of Ewenki nationality and its affinity with other nationalities / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the genetic diversity of X-TR loci, and to evaluate the genetic structure X chromosome's of Ewenki nationality and its affinity with other nationalities.@*METHODS@#We chose 9 X-TR (DXS6804, DXS7133, DXS101, DXS6789, DXS6799, DXS7423, HPRTB, DXS8378, DXS7132) as genetic markers from 99 irrelative individules to determine the genetic diversity of Ewenki in Inner Mongolian. Cluster analysis and phylogenic trees was applied to show the genetic distance among the nationalities.@*RESULTS@#We got 51 alleles in the studied population, with the frequency diverse between 0.0109 and 0.6863. Genotype frequency was from 0.0217 to 0.3778. Heterozygosity(H),the power of discrimination(PD) and the polymorphism information conten (PIC) were consistent with the forensic application. Cluster analysis and phylogenic trees revealed that Ewenki nationality had estrangement genetic affinity with the other 3 major nationalities in inner mongolia and Han nationality in Xi'an.@*CONCLUSION@#The genetic information demonstrates that the 9 chosen gene makers were highly informative loci and are suitable for population genetics research and forensic application.

SNPs and forensic DNA typing / 法医学杂志

There is an increasing interest in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing in the forensic field. SNPs are very useful for defining Y chromosome or mtDNA haplotypes and DNA phenotyping. We focus on comparative advantages of SNP typing over length variations and expected number of loci required to gain probabilities equal to STR loci in use. This review also offers to the reader a state of the art of SNP genotyping technologies with the advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques and platforms for different forensic requirements.

Validation the haplotype polymorphisms of the DXS7424-DXS101 on X-chromosome / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To validate the genetic characteristics and distribution of DXS7424-DXS101 on X chromosome in Han population.@*METHODS@#DXS7424 and DXS101 loci were genotyped by PCR, PAGE and silvers stain methods. Their genetic parameters were analyzed by Arlequin software.@*RESULTS@#There were 37 haplotypes detected in 151 Han unrelated males. The frequencies ranged from 0.0066 to 0.1391, with a GD value of 0.9453 and a DP value of 0.9389. Haplotypes 16-23 were the most common haplotypes in Han population.@*CONCLUSION@#Analysis of combined DXS7424 and DXS101 haplotypes appears to be a powerful means in population genetics and forensic practice for determination of identity and paternity.

Sequence-length polymorphism research of C-stretch in mitochondrial DNA hyper-variant region / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the polymorphism of C-stretch in mitochondrial DNA hyper-variant region and the values in forensic science.@*METHODS@#The gene frequency were detected in such two loci of nt16180 and nt310 by using PCR-sequencing technique with two pair of primers according to the reference.@*RESULTS@#The length of PCR products were 807 bp and 962 bp respectively. Seven genotypes in each locus were detected. AAAACCCCCTCCCC allele amounted to 87.72% of all nt16180 genotype, while AAAACCCCCCCCCCCCC was firstly reported in Han population. CCCCCCCCTCCCCCC allele amounted to 60.53% of all nt310 genotype. 15 haplotypes were detected among 114 samples. The GD value was 0.6309. The AAAACCCCCTCCCC-CCCCCCCCTCCCCCC haplotype was the most high frequency and amounted to 57.89%.@*CONCLUSION@#The obtained basic genetic data in two loci of nt16180 and nt310 of mtDNA will be useful for forensic science.

Genetic polymorphism of six short tandem repeat loci on the X chromosome in a Han race population in China / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the alleles and genotype frequencies of 6 short tandem repeat (STR) loci DXS7130, DXS1214, DXS6799, DXS6804, DXS7424 and DXS7133 on the X chromosome in Chinese Han individuals living in Shaanxi province of Northwest China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 6 X-chromosomal STR loci were typed by PCR, denatured polyacylamide gel electrophoresis and silver stain.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among females from Xi'an Han population, the numbers of alleles in the 5 loci (DXS7130, DXS6799, DXS6804, DXS7424 and DXS7133) were detected to be 9, 6, 6, 7, and 7 respectively; the numbers of genotypes were 21, 14, 15, 17 and 12 respectively; and the number of alleles in the DXS1214 was 8. Exact tests demonstrated that genotype frequencies of females had no departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The six loci of X-chromosomal STRs are appropriate for individual identification, paternity test involving in female child and for study in related disease.</p>

Genetic polymorphisms of 10 X chromosome STR loci in a Chinese Tibetan population / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the alleles and genotypes frequency of 10 short tandem repeat (STR) loci on the X chromosome(DXS7423, DXS8378, DXS6799, DXS7424, DXS7130, DXS7132, DXS6789, DXS101, DXS6804, DXS7133) of Tibetan individuals living in Xizang Autonomous Region, Southwest China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 10 X-chromosomal STR loci were analyzed with PCR, followed by polyacylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among unrelated Tibetan individuals, the numbers of alleles in the 10 X-STR loci(DXS7423, DXS8378, DXS6799, DXS7424, DXS7130, DXS7132, DXS6789, DXS101, DXS6804, DXS7133) were 5, 5, 5, 9, 7, 7, 11, 9, 5 and 4, respectively. The genotype frequencies in females were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 10 X-chromosomal STRs loci are appropriate for individual identification, for paternity testing involving a female child, and for studies on related disease.</p>

HLA-A, B, DRB1 gene polymorphism of Beijing population was studied by high-resolution polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the gene polymorphism of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A, B, DRB1 loci in the population of Beijing region, and research on the application feasibility of polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT) method.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PCR-SBT method was applied to determine HLA- A, B, DRB1 genotypes of 618 unrelated healthy individuals of Beijing region.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 84 different alleles and 199 genotypes of HLA-A, 143 alleles and 366 genotypes of HLA-B, 122 alleles and 286 genotypes of HLA-DRB1 were detected.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results showed the characteristics of HLA-A, B, DRB1 distributions, and provided more comprehensive and accurate gene data that may serve as normal reference values for all of Beijing people.</p>