Research progress of abnormal phosphorylation of microtubule-associated tau protein and of the targeted inhibition of the phosphorylation / 生物医学工程学杂志

Progressive dementia is described as the first and most prominent symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and hyperphosphorylation of microtubule associated Tau protein (MAPT) plays a key role in neurodegeneration and neuronal dysfunction in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. This paper reviews several protein kinases and phosphatases which can phosphorylate/dephosphorylate Tau protein, and evaluates a therapeutic strategy based on targeted inhibition of Tau kinases and activation of Tau phosphatases.

A device for measuring the burning rate of light and thin homogeneous solid under low barometric pressure and in enriched oxygen / 生物医学工程学杂志

Oxygen enrichment of room air is an effective way to resist hypoxia at high altitude, but it may introduce a potential fire hazard. In common, the burning rate of light and thin homogeneous solid in oxygen enriched atmosphere was used to assess the fire hazard. For the purpose of measuring the burning rate of light and thin homogeneous solid in oxygen enriched atmosphere, we used the methods of laser contact ignition and direct calculation of burning rate, and invented a device that includes mixing gas system, ignition equipment, system of measuring the burning rate and self-made specimen frame. By using the homemade device, we studied the burning rate of filter paper under low pressure and in oxygen-enriched atmosphere and in that of the oxygen concentration of reached stationary burning rate. The results showed that this device was simple, and could obtain the burning rate of light and thin homogeneous solid quantitatively.

Research on the association between glutathione S-transferase P1 genic polymorphism and heart rate and blood pressure / 生物医学工程学杂志

Oxidative stress may reduce cardiovascular function. Glutathione Stransferases(GSTs) play an important role in cell defending against oxidative stress. Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) gene is one of the most intensively investigated glutathione S-transferase genes in epidemiologic studies. The GSTP1 gene displays a polymorphism at codon 105 (Ile105 Val), which results in an enzyme with altered substrate affinity. To date, there have been few studies evaluating whether Ilel05Val polymorphism of GSTP1 gene has an effect on cardiovascular function in the broad masses of people. In this study, we investigated the relationship between Ile105 Val polymorphism of GSTP1 gene and heart rate and blood pressure in 197 unrelated adult males of Han nationality. It was found that there were two types of the GSTP1 genotypes, Ile105/Ile105 and Ile105/Val105, but genotype Val105/Val105 was not found, and the frequencies of IleIes/Ileos and Ile105/Val105 genotypes were 78% and 22% respectively. Comparison with individuals with lie105/Val105 genotype showed that those with Ile105/Ile105 genotype had higher rest heart rate and maximal heart rate mean values. However, whether for rest heart rate and maximal heart rate or for heart rate reserve, no significant differences were found between the two genotype groups (P>0.05). Compared with individuals with Ile105/Val105 genotype, those with Iler105/Ile105 genotype had higher systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure mean values and lower diastolic blood pressure mean value. However, for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure, no significant differences were found between the two genotype groups (P>0.05). The results suggested that Ile105 Val polymorphism of GSTP1 gene may not be associated with heart rate and blood pressure in the broad masses of people.

Newest research progress in hypoxia genetic adaptation to high altitude / 生物医学工程学杂志

The genetic adaptation of Plateau residents to hypoxia of low-pressure has been the hot spot for study. In terms of physiology, the adaptation involves the regulation responses of blood vessels, the changes in blood cells, antioxidant capacity and energy metabolism, as well as the hypoxia-induced changes in nuclear transcription. Physiological adaptation is heritable, so people who have already adapted themselves to high altitude are bound to be different, in regard to gene level, from the crowd who have not yet adapted themselves to high altitude environment. For this reason, researchers have studied a great deal of gene related-enzymes, the receptors, polypeptide, as well as transcription factors in body, and they found a number of the DNA polymorphism sites in the people who have adapted themsevles to high altitude being different from those in the people who do not get acclimatized. In this paper is reviewed the newest advance in research of these gene polymorphisms. The data could serve as references for further study of hypoxia genetic adaptation to high altitude.

Comparison of visual evoked related potentials in healthy young adults of different COMT genotypes by using a 3-back paradigm during a continuous mental arithmetic task / 生物医学工程学杂志

To explore the change of numerical working memory ability in healthy young adults, continuous mental arithmetic task were performed for 3 hours and a numerical working memory paradigm was determined at 5 min intervals according to different COMT genotypes of young adults. Twenty subjects of different genotypes were chosen from 115 healthy young adults, P3 event-related potentials was utilized to observe the relationship between this COMT polymorphism and cortical physiology in a continuous working memory task. The results demonstrate that subjects bearing the Val/Val homozygote have significantly higher mean P3 amplitudes than Val/Met heterozygote (P<0.01), however, insignificant differences in comparison to Met/Met homozygote. Mean P3 amplitudes tended to sharply increase among different genotype subjects are observe in different Blocks. We suggest that numerical working memory ability was associated with P3 amplitude evoked from centro-parietal area of brain, which indicate the degree of influence of task on different subjects.

Relationship between Polymorphism of Pulmonary Surfactant Protein A Gene and Adaptation to Hypobaric Hypoxia / 航天医学与医学工程

Objective To investigate the relation between polymorphisms of pulmonary surfactant protein A gene and adaptation to hypobaric hypoxia. Methods The genotype proportions and allel frequencies of 86 Tibetan mountaineers and 90 sea-level Hans were examined with polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer(SSP-PCR) reaction for surfactant protein A gene. Results The constituent ratio of A/A,A/G and G/G genotypes in A1-aa62 locus and C/C,A/C and A/A genotypes in A2-aa223 locus showed significant statistic difference between highland group and the sea-level control group(P＜0.05). A1-aa62 G/G and A2-aa223 A/C genotype demonstrated high odds ratio in Tibetan mountaineers. Moreover, the comparisons of genotypes and alleles in A1-219 locus showed no significant difference between the plateau group and the sea-level Han control(P＞0.05). Conclusion The single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SPN) in SP-A1aa62 and SP-A2aa223 may be associated with the adaptation to hypobaric hypoxia.

Relationship between adaptation to high altitude hypoxia environment and glucose transport 1 gene polymorphism / 生物医学工程学杂志

This investigation was conducted to explore the relationship between the polymorphism of gene of glucose transport 1(GLUT1) and the human body adaptation to high altitude hypoxia environment. The data on glucose transport 1 gene polymorphism in Tibetan mountaineers (high altitude group) were analyzed and compared with the data from the level-land Guangdong Hans (control group). The genotype of 86 Tibetan mountaineers and 90 level-land Hans as controls were tested with polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for GLUT1 gene. The results showed that, in the high altitude mountaineer group, the frequencies of +22999 locus genotypes GG, GT and TT were 44.2%, 46.5% and 9.3% respectively, and such frequencies in the control group were 66.7%, 31.1% and 2.2% respectively. The frequencies of + 22999 polymorphic genotypes and alleles showed statistically significant difference between the high altitude group and the control group (P<0.05). Genetic single nucleotide polymorphism in GLUT1 G+22999T may be associated with the adaptation to high altitude hypoxia.

Association between polymorphisms of HIF-1alpha C1772T and G1790A and hypoxic acclimation in high altitude in Tibetans / 生物医学工程学杂志

In this study the blood sample was collected from eighty-six athletes in Tibetan mountaining team and Tibetan mountaining sports school and ninety healthy Han nationality people in Guangdong province, and genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocyte. The allele frequency distribution and the genotypes combination distribution of hypoxia-inducible factor-la gene (HIF-1alpha)exonl2 C1772T and G1790A were examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR (PCR-RFLP) in order to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of HIF-1alpha C1772T and G1790A with hypoxic acclimation in high altitude in Tibetans. The results indicated that the genotype frequency of HIF-1alpha C1772T in Tibetan and in Han nationality was 13.95% versus 16.67% in genotype CC, 38.37% versus 41.11% in genotype CT and 47.68% versus 42.22% in genotype TT. No significant difference in CC, CT and TT genotype frequency of HIF-1alphaC1772T was shown between Tibetans and Han nationality respectively, while GA genotype frequency of HIF-la G1790A in Tibetans was higher than that in Han nationality. The GA genotype of HIF-1alpha G1790A may be involved in the hypoxic acclimation of high altitude , and it is worth of deep-going investigation.

Quantitative detection of GSTP1 gene sin the lung tissue of hypobaric hypoxia modeling rats / 生物医学工程学杂志

We have investigated the susceptibility of rat lung's GSTP1 gene to hypobaric hypoxia and explored its role in the body's possible adaptation mechanism at the moleuclar lever. Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups(0,1,3,5 and 7 d) and were exposed for 12 h per day at a simulating altitude of 7000 +/- 50 m in a hypobaric hypoxia chamber with 1 h's rest after 6 h's exposure. Then the expression of GSTP1 mRNA in the lung tissue of SD rats was examined using fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. Meanwhile the activity of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) enzyme and the change of maleic dialdehyde (MDA) in the lung tissue of SD rats were determined using spectrophotometer. In comparison with the non-exposure group,the expression of GSTP1 gene showed statistically significant differnce from the first to the seventh day (P<0.05). The level of GSTs decreased and MDA increased from the first to the seventh day (P<0.05). In conclusion, GSTP1 gene is susceptible to hypobaric hypoxia and may be a new marker of gene screening for the body's adaptation to special environment.

An association study between the insertion/deletion polymorphism of angiotensin I converting enzyme gene and human speed endurance / 生物医学工程学杂志

This study was conducted to research the association between the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene and human speed endurance. Fourty subjects of Han nationality, healthy, with similar sports history were included. The I/D polymorphism of ACE gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The score of 800m run and the concentrations of the whole blood lactic acid were mensurated. Cluster analysis of the grade was made according to the result of cluster analysis. The subjects were divided into two groups: high speed endurance group and low speed endurance group. We found that both the distributions of the ACE genotypes and the distributions of the ACE alleles there were no significant difference between high speed endurance group and low speed endurance group (P > 0.05); Whether at rest state, or after 800m run or the difference value between rest and after 800m run,the concentrations of the whole blood lactic acid did not exist significant difference among three kinds of genotypes groups (P > 0.05). There was on association with I/D polymorphism of ACE gene and human speed endurance.

An analysis system of physical training workload based on Polar Sports Tester / 生物医学工程学杂志

The polar sports tester made in Finland as one of the most widespread instruments in physical training is of importance for sports training. In this paper, we have developed a set of system for analysis of physical training workload using the measured data of the Polar Sports Tester, and have established a set of analysis indices and reports of the physical training workload, including five categories and 127 quantitative indices. It can reflect the distribution of physical workload and provide a series of parameters for coaches to direct scientific training and raise sport level.

The effects of electrostimulation upon soldier's circadian of melatonin in plasma / 生物医学工程学杂志

Physiological and behavioral rhythms are governed by an endogenous circadian clock. In this paper are reported the studies on soldier's circadian of melatonin concentrations by means of electricity and light pulses presented to the popliteal region (behind the knee). The results showed that the phase of melatonin concentrations can be regulated by both the electricity pulses and the light pulses. A systematic relation was found between the timing of the electro-stimulating and the magnitude and direction of phase shifts, resulting in the generation of a phase response curve. The phase response curve displayed photic model. These findings have implications for the development of more effective treatments for sleep and circadian rhythm disorders.

Fuzzy control of the physical training intensity based on neural-network / 生物医学工程学杂志

Using computer technique, artificial neural network and fuzzy control theory, we have explored a real-time control method for the athlete's physical workload intensity in order that the goal of physical training can be reached effectively in accordance to the exercise plan. The technique could be useful for improving the efficiency of scientific physical training.

Physiology of under water exercise / 中国组织工程研究

The under-water exercise is a specific sports.Because of the different of pressure,buoyancy,resistance and heat conductivity between water and land,The effect of under-water exercise on body's physiological function was different from the land.It has been evaluate in this paper that the characteristic of physiological function and regularity of energy metabolism in the under-water exercise

Modern chrono- rehabilitation and chrono- physical therapy / 中国组织工程研究

It is discussed in the paper that some basic concepts,property, tasks and disciplinary area about the modern chrono- rehabilitation(MCR). And then, it is especially expounded that the concept, classification, chronobiological basis, as well as the clinic application's foreground and principles of the chrono- physical therapy(CPT) and the study provided a theory reference for shifting the CPT theory into clinic rehabilitation practice and establishing a disciplinary system of MCR.