Excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress induces apoptotic cell death in chronic cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the impact of excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress on apoptotic cell death in a rat model of chronic cyclosporine A ( CsA ) nephrotoxicity .METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats on a low-salt diet were subcutaneously injected with vehicle (olive oil, 1 mL· kg-1· d-1) or CsA (15 mg/kg) daily for 1 or 4 weeks.Tu-bulointerstitial fibrosis and apoptotic cell death were estimated by trichrome staining and TUNEL staining .In addition , im-munohistochemistry and immunoblotting were used to evaluate the expression of immunoglobulin -binding protein ( BiP) , eu-karyotic initiation factor 2α(eIF2α), growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 153 (GADD153), caspase-12 and caspase-3.RESULTS:The rats treated with CsA for 1 week did not develop tubulointerstitial fibrosis and TUNEL-positive cells, whereas 4-week treatment with CsA induced typical tubulointerstitial fibrosis and increased TUNEL-positive cells. CsA induced a significant increase in BiP and caspase-12 expression peaked at 1 week, and then returned to normal levels at 4 weeks.In contrast, the expression of eIF2α, GADD153 and caspase-3 in CsA-treated rat kidneys were significantly in-creased in a time-dependent manner .CONCLUSION:Excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress causes apoptotic cell death by depleting molecular chaperones and stimulating the proapoptotic pathway in chronic CsA nephrotoxicity .

Determination of Dissolution of Warfarin Potassium Tablets by UV Spectrophotometry / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for the determination of dissolution of warfarin potassium tablets. METHODS: The dissolution of warfarin potassium tablets was determined by UV spectrophotometry at a detection wavelength of 283 nm with 0.1 mol?L-1 hydrochloric acid as the solvent at a volume of 900 mL. The rotation speed was 50 r?min-1 and the sampling time was 30 min. RESULTS: The method showed a good linear relationship in the range of 5～30 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 9). The average recovery was 100.53%(RSD=0.69%). The dissolutions of 3 batches of samples were all above 90%. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,accurate and reliable,and it can be applied for the determination the dissolution of warfarin potassium tablets.

Simultaneous Determination of 2 Ingredients in Compound Diphenhydramine Liniment by GC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for simultaneous determination of camphor and menthol in compound diphenhydramine liniment.METHODS:The DB-WAX capillary column was used.The column temperature was increased by programming with the sample entrance and detector being at250℃.The carrier gas was nitrogen.The flow rate was1ml/min and shunting ratio was25∶1.N-octyl alcohol was used as internal standard.RESULTS:The determinable concentrations of camphor and menthol were in the linear range of0.1～1.2mg/ml(r=0.9998)and0.2～1.2mg/ml(r=0.9999)respective-ly.The average recoveries were98.78%and97.88%respectively.CONCLUSION:The established method is accurate,spe-cific and replicable,which can be applied to quality control of the liniment.