Literature review of nitrous oxide-induced disease / 中华全科医师杂志

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an anesthetic which is also known to have abuse potential.Nitrous oxide-induced disease is occasionally encountered in the clinic,and there have been only several case reports about nitrous oxide-induced disease.In this article we review the reported cases of severe nerve injury following N2O abuse.

Literature review of nitrous oxide-induced disease / 中华全科医师杂志

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an anesthetic which is also known to have abuse potential. Nitrous oxide-induced disease is occasionally encountered in the clinic, and there have been only several case reports about nitrous oxide-induced disease. In this article we review the reported cases of severe nerve injury following N2O abuse.

Efficacy of Using a Semiconductor Laser Combined with Short-wave Ultraviolet Rays to Treat Herpes Zoster / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To observe the efficacy of using a semiconductor laser combined with short-wave ultraviolet rays(UV)to treat patients with herpes zoster. Methods Forty-two patients with herpes zoster in the Department of Dermatology of our hospital were randomly divided into two groups,with 21 patients per group. Patients in the control group were treated with conventional dermatology drugs and short-wave UV,whereas patients in the observation group were treated with conventional dermatology drugs and a semiconductor laser combined with short-wave UV. Re-sults After treatment for 7 days,the efficacy rate in the control group was 80.95%,whereas that in the observation group was 95.24%. The analge-sia time,scab time,and scab removal time were significantly shorter in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05). The results of the pain assessment(visual analog scale )showed that the score of the observation group after treatment was significantly lower than that of the con-trol group(P<0.05). Conclusion Therapy involving a semiconductor laser combined with short-wave UV for patients with herpes zoster can be more effective than therapy with only a short-wave UV laser in promoting herpes healing,relieving neuralgia,and improving quality of life.

Effect of Contralaterally Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation of Upper Limb Motor Function in Patients with Hemiplegia / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the effect of contralateral controlled functional electrical stimulation (CCFES) on the upper limb motor function in patients with acute and subacute hemiplegia.Methods Forty-eight patients with cerebral apoplexy were randomly divided into control,neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) experiment,and CCFES experiment groups,with 24 patients in each group.The two groups received routine drug treatment and rehabilitation training.For 4 weeks (6 days/week),all the patients were assessed before and after treatment by using the Fugl-Meyer locomotor rating scale (FMA),Wolf motor function test (WMFT),wrist extension active joint activity evaluation (WEAROM),and modified Barthel index (MBI).Results were statistically analyzed,and curative effects were compared.Results Before treatment,no significant differences in FMA,WMFT,WEAROM,and MBI scores were found between the two groups.At the fourth week after the intervention,the FMA,WMFT,WEAROM,and MBI scores were all significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).The FMA,WMFT,and WEAROM scores were all higher in the treatment group than in the control group,and the differences between the two groups were significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion CCFES can effectively improve the upper limb motor function in patients with acute and subacute stroke.

Relationship of neutrophils lymphocyte ratio and red blood cell distribution width with idiopathic facial palsy / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Similarly with C-reactive protein, red blood cel distribution width can reflect the inflammatory process. Red blood cels involved in inflammatory process leads to the increase in red blood cel distribution width due to various inflammation factor receptors existingon the surface of red blood cel s. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the relationship between the neutrophils lymphocyte ratio, red blood cel distribution width and the pathogenesis andseverity of idiopathic facial paralysis. METHODS:The severity of idiopathic facial paralysis was assessed using the House and Brackmann Facial Nerve Grading System (HB) and Sunnybrook System (SB) in 30 included patients with idiopathic facial paralysis (disease group). The patients were graded as general (score 30-100) and severe paralysis (score 0-29) according to SB scores, or as mild (grade II/III), moderate (grade IV), severe paralysis (grade V/VI) according to HB grades. In addition, 30 healthy volunteers were selected as control group. Neutrophils lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red blood cel distribution width (RDW) were compared between groups. The correlation of SB and HB scores with neutrophils lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and red blood cel distribution width was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Neutrophils lymphocyte ratio was higher in the disease group than the control group (P< 0.01). A significant difference in red blood cel distribution width was found between different stages of disease severityin patients. Red blood cel distribution width was negatively correlated with SB scores (P< 0.01), while was positively correlated with HB grades (P< 0.01). Our results suggest that (1) neutrophils lymphocyte ratio is increased when idiopathic facial paralysis occurs; (2) red blood cel distribution widthis positively correlated with the severity of idiopathic facial paralysis, which indicates that inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic facial paralysis, and red blood cel distribution may be a marker for assessing the severity of idiopathic facial paralysis.

Advance in Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Theta Burst Stimulation for Motor Function after Stroke (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

As a safe and noninvasive therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and theta burst stimulation (TBS) are used to change the cortical excitability, and induce or enhance neural plasticity, which can promote the recovery of motor function after stroke. This paper summarized the individual treatment of rTMS on motor function of stroke patients, the advantages of TBS compared with rTMS, and the mechanisms and clinical application of TBS.

Effect of Core Stability Training on Associated Reaction of Upper Limb in Stroke Patients with Hemiplegia / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To observe the effect of core stability training on the associated reaction of upper limbs in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Methods From November, 2014 to May, 2016, sixty stroke patients with hemiplegia were randomly divided into control group (n=30) and treatment group (n=30). Both groups accepted routine rehabilitation, while the treatment group received core stability training for 20 minutes during exercise. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Fugl-Meyer Assess-ment-Lower Extremities (FMA-LE), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Associated Reaction Rating Scale (ARRS) before and 6 weeks after treatment. Results The scores of FMA-UE, FMA-LE, BBS and ARRS improved significantly in both groups after treatment (t>12.158, P2.317, P<0.05). Conclusion Core stability training can re-lieve the associated reaction of upper limb in stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Research Progress of Urinary Tract Infections in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Urinary tract infections remain the most frequent infection in patients with either traumatic or nontraumatic spinal cord inju-ry. The urinary tract infections are closely related to impaired bladder storage, voiding dysfunction, and use of indwelling catheters after spi-nal cord injury. Repeated urinary tract infections can cause upper urinary tract deterioration, and related chronic or repeated exposure to the antibiotics used to treat urinary tract infections increases the risk of multidrug-resistant bacteria colonization. Therefore, it is important to de-termine appropriate urinary tract infections treatment in spinal cord injury patients who are admitted to rehabilitation hospitals. The limita-tions of the usual measures in prevention of urinary tract infections in this population have led the way to explore more innovative modali-ties and approaches. We reviewed the researches of urinary tract infections on spinal cord injury. It is presented to provide reference for clini-cal diagnosis and treatment.

Approaches of Facial Nerve Function Evaluation (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Facial nerve grading system (FNG) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic facial paralysis, and also serves as a primary tool for prognosis. Subjective grading systems are currently the most widely used methods due to their easy accessibility, popularization and low costs. Objective grading systems, which have obvious advantages in terms of index quantization, repeatability and consistency between evaluators, will become the mainstream in future application and possess development prospect despite their limitation of technology and cost. This article reviewd the clinical application of different types of FNGs in facial nerve grading among different periods, and made a summarization of currently-existing facial nerve grading methods. It may provide a scientific and reasonable reference to the constitution, filter and application of facial nerve grading systems in treating idiopathic facial paralysis.

Effect of Extracorporeal ShockWave on Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head of Stage IV / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe the effect of extracorporeal shock waves (ESW) therapy on avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH) of stage IV. Methods 72 hips of 44 patients with ANFH of stage IV, according to Association Research Circulation Osseous, were randomly divided into treatment group (n=37) and control group (n=35). The control group received routine therapy, while the treatment group received ESW in addition, 2.0-4.0 bar, 10 Hz, 6000 times. They were evaluated with Harris Hip Score, Manual Muscle Test (MMT) and Short Form of health survey (SF-36) before and 1 month after treatment. Results The scores of Harris Hip Score and MMT improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05) after treatment, as well as the scores of SF-36 except physical health and vitality (P<0.05). Conclusion The ESW can obviously improve the motor function and quality of life of patients with ANFH of stage IV.

Approaches of Facial Nerve Function Evaluation (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Facial nerve grading system (FNG) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic facial paralysis, and also serves as a primary tool for prognosis. Subjective grading systems are currently the most widely used methods due to their easy accessibility, popularization and low costs. Objective grading systems, which have obvious advantages in terms of index quantization, repeatability and consistency between evaluators, will become the mainstream in future application and possess development prospect despite their limitation of technology and cost. This article reviewd the clinical application of different types of FNGs in facial nerve grading among different peri-ods, and made a summarization of currently-existing facial nerve grading methods. It may provide a scientific and reasonable reference to the constitution, filter and application of facial nerve grading systems in treating idiopathic facial paralysis.

Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave on Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head of Stage IV / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To observe the effect of extracorporeal shock waves (ESW) therapy on avascular necrosis of femoral head (AN-FH) of stage IV. Methods 72 hips of 44 patients with ANFH of stage IV, according to Association Research Circulation Osseous, were ran-domly divided into treatment group (n=37) and control group (n=35). The control group received routine therapy, while the treatment group received ESW in addition, 2.0-4.0 bar, 10 Hz, 6000 times. They were evaluated with Harris Hip Score, Manual Muscle Test (MMT) and Short Form of health survey (SF-36) before and 1 month after treatment. Results The scores of Harris Hip Score and MMT improved more in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05) after treatment, as well as the scores of SF-36 except physical health and vitality (P<0.05). Conclusion The ESW can obviously improve the motor function and quality of life of patients with ANFH of stage IV.

Analysis of Risk Factors of Stroke-associated Pneumonia / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To explore the risk factors of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) in stroke patients. Methods A retrospective study was designed to analyze the clinical data of 159 patients with stroke. They were divided into SAP group (n=35) and non-SAP group (n=124). Their age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, gastric mucosal protective agents, dysphagia after stroke (DAS), stroke history, type of stroke, hypoproteinemia, disturbance of consciousness, nasal feeding and smoking were analyzed with univariate analysis and multi-variate Logistic regression analysis. Results 22%of the 159 patients suffered from SAP. Univariate analysis showed, there was statistical dif-ference in age (P<0.01), gastric mucosal protective agents (P<0.01), DAS (P<0.01), hypoalbuminemia (P<0.05), disturbance of conscious-ness (P<0.05), nasal feeding (P<0.001) and smoking (P<0.01) between two groups. Binary Logistic regression for the multivariate analysis indicated that age≥70 years old, DAS, nasal feeding and smoking were the risk factors related with SAP. After adjusting for all other vari-ables, the odds of SAP were 5.119 times higher for patients requiring nasal feeding than those without nasal feeding. Conclusion There is a high morbidity for SAP, which is attributed to multiple factors. Age≥70, DAS, nasal feeding and smoking may be the most important risk factors related with SAP.

Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Associated with Cerebral Ischemic Injury and Recovery (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), which is a member of MMP family, can degrade extracellular matrix. During the early stage of cerebral ischemia, MMP-2 degrades endothelial tight junction and basal lamina resulting in the opening of blood-brain barrier. During the late stage, MMP-2 promotes neurovascular regeneration and the recovery of the damaged brain tissue.

Toll-like Receptor 4 Passway in Rehabilitation after Cerebral Infarction (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Recently, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) passway has been found to play an important role in the inflammation injury after cerebral infarction, and exercise seems to induce a downregulation of TLR4 expression in various tissues. It is possible that TLR4 plays an important role in the mechanism of rehabilitation after a cerebral infarction.

Rehabilitation after Coronary Artery Bypass: 90 day Follow-up Study / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe the effects of rehabilitation on the quality of life and capacity of aerobic exercise in patients after coronary artery bypass graft. Methods 58 patients after coronary artery bypass graft were divided into rehabilitation group (n=31) and control group (n=27). Patients in the control group received routine drug treatment out of hospital, while the rehabilitation group was guided regularly for rehabilitation. All patients were surveyed with the MOS item short form health survey (SF-36) and 6 min walking test on the 15th and the 90th day after operation. Results Compared with the control group，the scores of all the items of SF-36 in rehabilitation group improved (P<0.01) except in body pain. The result of 6MWT was also higher in rehabilitation group than in controls(P<0.01). Conclusion Rehabilitation can improve capacity of aerobic exercise and the quality of life of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Effects of rehabilitation training on the quality of life of patients with severe coronary heart disease after by-pass grafting / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To observe the effects of rehabilitation intervention on the quality of life (QOL) of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods Fifty-eight hospital patients in need of coronary artery by-pass grafting (CABG) were randomly assigned to a cardiac rehabilitation group ( rehab ; n = 31 ) or a routine care group (control; n = 27 ). In the rehab group, patients received progressively increasing movement and appropriate psychological intervention. Changes in the medical outcome study short form (SF-36) scores and 6 min walk dis-tances (6MWDs)as well as the length of post-operative stays in hospital were observed in both groups. Results Compared with the control group, patients in the rehab group scored significantly higher on the SF-36. Their physical functioning, general health, vitality, role-emotion and mental health scores improved significantly, their final 6MWDs were longer, and they had significantly shorter average hospital stays after the operation. Conclusions Rehabilita-tion training can improve QOL for patients after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Influencing Factors on Quality of Life of Acute Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To evaluate the quality of life(QOL) of stroke patients at acute phase, and study the dependability of QOL with activities of daily living(ADL) and other influencing factors. Methods 47 patients with acute stroke were selected in this study, evaluating their ADL, QOL with the Barthel index and the Short Form-36(SF-36), compared their QOL scores with that of ordinary Chinese norms, Meanwhile, recording the patients' basic information: gender, age and so on, and studying the relationship between them and QOL in these patients.Results The Results showed that the stroke patients in acute phase have a lower QOL compared with ordinary Chinese norms, there is a varying dependability between QOL and ADL, gender, age, disease type, diseased region, living environment of these patients, of which, ADL, age, disease type were the most conspicuous.Conclusion The stroke could reduce the QOL of patients and ADL, age, disease type were the most important factors.