RESUMO
Background: to compare the following techniques for hypofractionated whole-breast irradiation [WBI] with simultaneous integrated boost [SIB] after breast-conserving surgery [BCS]: three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy plus electron boost [3DCRT-EB], intensity-modulated radiation therapy [IMRT] plus EB [IMRT-EB], field-in-field IMRT plus EB [FIF-IMRT-EB], FIF-IMRT plus IMRT boost [FIF-IMRT-IB], IMRT plus IMRT boost [IMRT-IB], and volumetric-modulated arc therapy [VMAT] plus VMAT boost [VMAT-VB]
Materials and Methods: twenty patients with left breast cancer were enrolled. The prescribed dose was 40.05 Gy in 15 fractions to the whole breast and an SIB to the tumor bed of 3.2 Gy/fraction [total, 48 Gy]. Target-volume coverage, dose-conformity index, homogeneity index [HI], doses to organs at risk [OAR], and costs were compared
Results: FIF-IMRT-EB performed the best, while FIF-IMRT-IB, IMRT-IB, and VMAT-VB performed the worst. The mean dose to the planning target volume for breast evaluation [PTV Eval-breast] was significantly lower for IMRT-EB and FIF-IMRT-EB than for the other plans. For both PTV Eval-breast and PTV Eval-boost, VMAT-VB had the lowest target-volume coverage for 95% of the prescription dose and the highest target-volume coverage for >105% of the prescription dose. Among the six plans, VMAT-VB had the best HI for PTV Eval-boost and the highest doses to all OAR, except the coronary artery. Plans with EBs had lower mean doses for the contralateral lung and contralateral breast than plans with IMRT boosts. FIF-IMRT-EB had a low cost; plans with IMRT boosts had the highest costs
Conclusion: FIF-IMRT-EB may be the most suitable irradiation technique for hypofractionated WBI with SIB after BCS
RESUMO
Serovar-speciflc real-time PCR for Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis [S. Enteritidis] was conducted to detect the genomic DNA of S. Enteritidis from laying goose after subcutaneous vaccination at different time points. Indirect fluorescent antibody [IFA] technique and immunohistochemical localization were employed to validate the results. The results showed that 5. Enteritidis was consistently detected in all the samples. Vagina and uterus were positive at 20 h PI, and the last organ to show a positive result was the largest and third largest preovulatory follicle, at 32 h PL The copy numbers of S. Enteritidis DNA in each tissue reached a peak at 36-60 h PI, with the vagina and uterus containing higher concentrations than other tissues. However, the number of bacteria started decreasing by 3-4 d, and by 6 d, the concentration of S. Enteritidis DNA was below the detection limits of the PCR assay, except the vagina. The real-time PCR analysis of a variety of tissues is significant for further investigation of the mechanism of vaccine protection and the optimization of vaccination regimes