Clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia: a single-center retrospective of 790 cases / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the data of Chinese patients with newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) to preliminarily discuss the clinical and cytogenetic characteristics. Methods: From February 2004 to June 2020, patients with newly diagnosed APL aged ≥ 15 years who were admitted to the Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College were chosen. Clinical and laboratory features were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 790 cases were included, with a male to female ratio of 1.22. The median age of the patients was 41 (15-76) years. Patients aged between 20 and 59 predominated, with 632 patients (80%) of 790 patients classified as low and intermediate risk and 158 patients (20%) of 790 patients classified as high risk. The white blood cell, platelet, and hemoglobin levels at diagnosis were 2.3 (0.1-176.1) ×10(9)/L, 29.5 (2.0-1220.8) ×10(9)/L, and 89 (15-169) g/L, respectively, and 4.8% of patients were complicated with psoriasis. The long-form type of PML-RARα was most commonly seen in APL, accounting for 58%. Both APTT extension (10.3%) and creatinine>14 mg/L (1%) are rarely seen in patients at diagnosis. Cytogenetics was performed in 715 patients with newly diagnosed APL. t (15;17) with additional chromosomal abnormalities were found in 155 patients, accounting for 21.7%; among which, +8 was most frequently seen. A complex karyotype was found in 64 (9.0%) patients. Next-generation sequencing was performed in 178 patients, and 113 mutated genes were discovered; 75 genes had an incidence rate>1%. FLT3 was the most frequently seen, which accounted for 44.9%, and 20.8% of the 178 patients present with FLT3-ITD. Conclusions: Patients aged 20-59 years are the most common group with newly diagnosed APL. No obvious difference was found in the ratio of males to females. In terms of risk stratification, patients divided into low and intermediate risk predominate. t (15;17) with additional chromosomal abnormalities accounted for 21% of 715 patients, in which +8 was most commonly seen. The long-form subtype was most frequently seen in PML-RARα-positive patients, and FLT3 was most commonly seen in the mutation spectrum of APL.

Clinical observation of FURS combined with ultrasound guided all seeing needle treatment of low pole renal calculi / 中国内镜杂志

Objective?To observe the clinical effect of FURS combined with ultrasound guided all seeing needle treatment of low pole renal calculi.?Methods?From January 2016 to January 2017, 63 patients with low pole renal calculi were enrolled in this study. 16 patients with multiple stones and 47 cases with single stones were treated by FURS combined with ultrasound guided all seeing needle. We retrospectively analyzed all the patients clinical data, including the operation time, bleeding volume, stone clearance rate, the incidence of postoperative complications, then assess the safety and effectiveness of the surgical approach.?Results?The operation time was 30 ~ 60 min, the average time was 45 min, postoperative complications in 3 cases, 2 cases of pain; no blood transfusion; 2 cases of percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Postoperative hospital stay wad 2 ~ 3 d, an average of 2 d, postoperative residual stone in 3 cases, 2 weeks after the treatment of external lithotripsy, 1 case of stone clearance rate of 100.0%.?Conclusion?Retrograde FURS combined with ultrasound guided visual puncture for renal calculi is safe, effective and feasible.

Laparoscopy and short poly FURS for treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction combined with renal stones / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of laparoscopy and short poly FURS in treatment of UPJO combined with renal stones. Methods From May 2014 to November 2016, 20 patients with ureteropelvic junction stricture in our hospital were treated with Laparoscopy and short poly FURS lithotripsy, the clinical data of the patients before and after operation were retrospectively analyzed. Results The patients in this group were successfully operated in stage I, and the hemoglobin descent rate did not change significantly before and after operation. No need of blood transfusion, the first day after the review of urinary tract plain film observed DJ tube position, postoperative back to hospital in March pulled out of DJ tube, postoperative follow-up 6 months to 1 year, the patient recovered well, no long-term complications. Conclusion Laparoscopy and short poly FURS lithotripsy, has satisfactory effects and no significant complications which should be promoted.

F4.8 visual miniature nephroscope for the diagnosis and treatment of hematospermia / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To explore the practicability and safety of the F4.8 visual miniature nephroscope in the diagnosis and treatment of hematospermia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study included 12 cases of refractory hematospermia accompanied by perineal or lower abdominal pain and discomfort. All the patients failed to respond to two months of systemic anti-inflammatory medication and local physiotherapy. Seminal vesicle tumor and tuberculosis were excluded preoperatively by rectal seminal vesicle ultrasonography, MRI or CT. Under epidural anesthesia, microscopic examination was performed with the F4.8 miniature nephroscope through the urethra and ejaculatory duct orifice into the seminal vesicle cavity, the blood clots washed out with normal saline, the seminal vesicle stones extracted by holmium laser lithotripsy and with the reticular basket, the seminal vesicle polyps removed by holmium laser ablation and vaporization, and the seminal vesicle cavity rinsed with diluted iodophor after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 10 patients subjected to bilateral seminal vesiculoscopy, 3 with unilateral and 2 with bilateral seminal vesicle stones were treated by holmium laser lithotripsy, saline flushing and reticular-basket removal, 2 with seminal vesicle polyps by holmium laser ablation and vaporization, and the other 3 with blood clots in the seminal vesicle cavity by saline flushing for complete clearance. The 2 patients subjected to unilateral seminal vesiculoscopy both received flushing of the seminal vesicle cavity for clearance of the blood clots. The operations lasted 10－55 (25 ± 6) minutes. There were no such intra- or post-operative complications as rectal injury, peripheral organ injury, and external urethral sphincter injury. The urethral catheter was removed at 24 hours, anti-infection medication withdrawn at 72 hours, and regular sex achieved at 2 weeks postoperatively. The patients were followed up for 6－20 (7 ± 2.3) months, during which hematospermia and related symptoms disappeared in 10 cases at 3 months and recurrence was observed in the other 2 at 4 months after surgery but improved after antibiotic medication.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The F4.8 visual miniature nephroscope can be applied to the examination of the seminal vesicle cavity and treatment of seminal vesicle stones and polyps, with the advantages of minimal invasiveness, safety and reliability.</p>

Advances in treatment of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH)syndrome is an autoimmune disease attacking against pigmented cells, resulting in blindness and usually affecting multiple organs including ears, meninges, hair and skin.Correct diagnosis and immediate treatment in the early stage is vital to visual prognosis.Currently, corticosteroids is first-line drug.In addition, VKH patients refractory to corticosteroids can choose other treatment such as immunosuppressive agents and biological agents.

The lived experience of family members caring for schizophrenia patients at home:a systematic review of qualitative studies / 中华护理杂志

Objective To systematically review and synthesize the lived experience of family members caring for schizophrenia patients at home,in order to provide evidence for community and home nursing. Methods We searched databases including The Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMbase,ISI Web of Science,PsycINFO,CINAHL,CBM, CNKI,VIP and Wanfang from inception to April 2017,to collect qualitative studies in the experience of family members caring for schizophrenia patients at home. The quality of included studies was evaluated according to JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative studies in Australia. Results A total of 31 studies were included,and 141 complete findings were grouped according to their similarities to form 8 categories. These categories resulted in two synthesized findings:Integration Results 1:It brought family members a negative influence in care process because of excessive pressure and burden,but over time,they were slowly accepting the fact and trying to cope with dis-ease;Integration Results 2:Patients were unable to take care of themselves,and caregivers were helpless and wanted assistance from the government and the health care system. Conclusion The government and health system should pay more attention to the impact of schizophrenia on family members who take care of schizophrenia patients. In the process of care,patients should be given support,guidance and encouragement,which help family members to improve coping abilities of psychology and disease,and to promote physical and mental health of schizophrenia pa-tients and their family members.

Ethanol extract of dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. On the amelioration of diabetic retinopathy and its engaged mechanism / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To observe the ethanol extract from Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. (DC) on the amelioration of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ), and further investigate the engaged mechanism. Methods Diabetes was induced by STZ injection in C57 mice and then the diabetic mice were orally given with DC. The retinal neovascularization was evaluated by staining with cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) and histological assessment of retinas by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The mRNA expression of signals involved in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway was detected by realtime PCR assay. The amount of VEGF in serum and vitreous bodies was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results DC (50 and 200 mg/kg) reduced the increased retinal vessels in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Results of real-time PCR showed that DC reduced the increased mRNA expression of retinal hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), VEGF and its receptors including VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 in STZ- induced diabetic mice. ELISA results further demonstrated that DC reduced the increased VEGF level in serum and vitreous bodies of STZ-induced diabetic mice. Conclusions DC ameliorates DR via inhibiting retinal angiogenesis by reducing the expression of VEGF and VEGF-regulated signaling pathway.

Study on amelioration of Dendrobium chrysotoxum on STZ-induced non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and its engaged mechanism / 中草药

Objective: To observe the amelioration of ethanol extract from Dendrobium chrysotoxum (EEDC) on non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) induced by streptozotocin (STZ), and further to investigate its engaged mechanism. Methods: NPDR was induced by STZ injection in C57 mice and then the diabetic mice were orally given EEDC. The retinal blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown was evaluated using Evans blue leakage assay. The mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, early growth response-1 (Egr-1), tissue factor (TF), and Serpine 1 in retinas was detected by real-time PCR. The amount of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TF, and Serpine 1 in serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: EEDC at both doses reduced the increased Evans blue leakage in STZ-induced NPDR in mice. Results: of Real-Time PCR showed that EEDC reduced the increased retinal mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα and Egr-1, TF, Serpine 1 in STZ-induced NPDR in mice. ELISA results also confirmed that EEDC reduced the increased serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TF, and Serpine 1 in STZ-induced NPDR in mice. Conclusion: EEDC could ameliorate the STZ-induced NPDR in mice via inhibiting retinal BRB breakdown by reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and coagulation-fibrinolysis related signals such as TF and Serpine 1.

Analysis of clinical diagnosis and treatment in adult patients with pulmonary inflammatorymyofibroblas-tic tumor / 中国综合临床

Objective To discuss clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of patients with pulmo?nary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(PIMT). Methods From April 2010 to June 2015 in Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, there were 15 cases patients diagnosed as PIMT and trea?ted. The clinical datas of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. The main clinical manifestations,pathological results,clinical treatment and prognosis of the patients and follow?up outcome were analyzed. Results There were 10 males and 5 females,at the age of 39 to 6 8 years old with the median age of 52. Among the 15 cases of patients with PIMT,1 case was recurrence,14 cases were initial treatment. The treatment reason was due to the abnormal physical examination,or cough and sputum with blood,or chest pain,or chest tightness or fever. Chest CT showed that the mass was round or class round, lobulated, part of them showed the burr shape edge. Immunohistochemistry showed that Vimentin positive and smooth muscle actin positive. All patients accept?ed the open chest or thoracoscope surgery. The main operations concluded partial resection,lobectomy or lobecto?my with lymph node eradication. No perioperative death occured,no complications such as postoperative bleed?ing,bronchial pleural fistula and other complications happened. The average follow?up time was from 8 to 58 months. Follow?up rate was 100. 0%(15/15). There was no tumor recurrence. Conclusion The clinical mani?festations of the pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is complex. The PIMT should be confirmed by pathologic examination,the main treatment is surgical resection with good prognosis and lower recurrence.

Treatment of acute retinal necrosis syndrome / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

?Acute retinal necrosis syndrome ( ARN) is a serious eye disease, which caused by Herpes virus mostly, with unknown pathogenesis. Because of the aggressive progression, treatment of ARN is difficult, and the blindness rate is extremely high. Current treatment strategies are the combination of the drug therapy and the operative treatment. Drugs commonly used are antiviral drugs, glucocorticoids, and antiplatelet drugs, and the operative treatment includes laser photocoagulation and vitrectomy.

Ultramini nephrostomy tract combined with flexible ureterorenoscopy for the treatment of multiple renal calculi in paediatric patients

PURPOSE: To assess the safety and efficacy of an ultramini nephrostomy tract, which we were using for the first time, combined with flexible ureterorenoscopy (URS) in the treatment of pediatric patients with multiple renal calculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty pediatric patients (age, < or =6 years) underwent ultramini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) combined with flexible URS. The group had multiple renal calculi, which were bilateral in 3 cases and were located in a total of 23 sites. The calculi were located in 2 calyces in 10 cases, scattered in more than 2 calyces in 7 cases, and limited to 1 calyx in 3 cases. The average patient age was 37.35 months (range, 14-68 months). The average stone diameter was 2.0 cm (range, 1-3.0 cm). In all patients, an ultramini nephrostomy tract was established under ultrasound guidance (dilated to F10) with simultaneous sheath placement. The flexible URS was placed into the collecting system during holmium laser lithotripsy. RESULTS: When ultramini PCNL was combined with flexible ureterorenoscopic holmium laser lithotripsy, the complete stone-free rate was 87% (20/23). The average level of hemoglobin decreased to 1.0 g/dL after the operation. No blood transfusions were needed. Levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and C-reactive protein were not significantly different before and after the operation. The average duration of hospitalization was approximately 4.85 days, and all cases were followed up for 6 to 12 months. No complications were found. CONCLUSIONS: Ultramini PCNL combined with flexible ureterorenoscopic holmium laser lithotripsy is a safe and effective treatment for children with multiple renal calculi.

Therapeutic effects of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 siRNA on human breast cancer in xenograft mice / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is usually constitutively activated in a variety of malignancies. It directly contributes to tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. The surgical treatment of breast cancer has made no breakthroughs in terms of treatment effect, in spite of its long history. Current biotherapies bring a note of optimism to breast cancer treatment. To explore the possibility of a siRNA targeted STAT3 blocking treatment for over-activated tumor cells, we evaluated the efficacy of a STAT3 siRNA on human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines were tested: control MCF-7 cells, non-specific siRNA transfected MCF-7 cells and STAT3 siRNA transfected MCF-7 cells. Expression of STAT3 in MCF-7 cells was inhibited by RNA interference (RNAi). The STAT3 mRNA and protein levels were detected by semi-quantity RT-PCR and Western blotting. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined by MTT method and flow cytometry. The three groups of MCF-7 cells mentioned above were transplanted subcutanuously into nude mice and their tumorgenic ability observed. The STAT3 mRNA and protein levels of the samples from tumors in different groups were determined by semi-quantity RT-PCR and Western blotting and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In STAT3 siRNA transfected MCF-7 cells, the expressions (STAT3/β-actin) of STAT3 mRNA (0.327 ± 0.020) and protein (0.153 ± 0.006) were significantly lower than that in control MCF-7 cells (mRNA 1.093 ± 0.018, protein 1.374 ± 0.022) and non-specific siRNA transfected MCF-7 cells (mRNA 1.035 ± 0.050, protein 1.320 ± 0.033) (P < 0.05). MTT showed that cell proliferation was significantly reduced and the cell growth inhibition ratio in the STAT3-siRNA group was (44.00 ± 5.10)%, significantly higher than that in non-specific siRNA transfected MCF-7 cells ((16.10 ± 1.05)%, P < 0.05). Flow cytometry results showed that more apoptosis was observed in the STAT3-siRNA group. The rate of apoptosis was (14.79 ± 0.22)%, much higher than in control MCF-7 cells (7.06 ± 0.71) and non-specific siRNA transfected MCF-7 cells (8.45 ± 0.43) (P < 0.05). The tumor growth in the STAT3 siRNA transfected MCF-7 cells was significantly slower than in the two control groups. On the 22th day after transplantation the tumor weight ((21.40 ± 10.57) mg) and volume ((41.15 ± 12.17) mm(3)) in the STAT3 siRNA transfected group were significantly lower than in control group (weight (88.60 ± 12.16) mg, volume (118.45 ± 24.68) mm(3)) and non-specific siRNA transfected group (weight (57.20 ± 21.86) mg, volume (101.36 ± 21.90) mm(3)) (P < 0.05). Both the STAT3 mRNA and protein levels in the tumors from the STAT3 siRNA transfected group were significantly lower than in the tumors from the two control groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>STAT3 siRNA can effectively silence the STAT3 gene in vitro and in vivo, increase cell apoptosis rate and significantly decrease cell proliferation, which inhibits the growth of breast cancer cell in vitro. Tumor growth of xenograft mice is significantly inhibited. The results obtained in vivo are in consistency with those in vitro. STAT3 may be a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer and RNA interference has potential clinical application.</p>

Transurethral resection of the prostate for urinary retention after seed implantation for prostate cancer: report of 2 cases / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in the treatment of urinary retention following seed implantation for prostate cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We treated 2 cases of urinary retention following seed implantation for prostate cancer by TURP, and analyzed their clinical data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operations were successful in both of the cases, with mean operation time of 60 min. Postoperative nocturnal urination of the patients averaged 2 times per night as compared with 5 - 6 times per night preoperatively, and their scores on IPSS and quality of life were significantly improved after surgery.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TURP affords satisfactory results in the treatment of urinary retention following seed implantation for prostate cancer patients.</p>

The quality of basic research in ophthalmology needs to be improved in China / 中华实验眼科杂志

Basic research program is essential to the investigation of the pathogenesis of ocular diseases and the development of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment for these diseases. With increasing support of research grants at various levels, basic research in ophthalmology has gained great achievement in China in recent years. A number of studies have recently been published in well known peer-review international journals and won the State Scientific and Technological Progress Awards. However, we have to keep it in mind that basic research in ophthalmology should be improved qualitatively meanwhile, the imbalance in basic study among different areas needs to be resolved in the near future.

Diagnosis and treatment of primary epididymal tumor: a report of 35 cases / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the diagnosis and treatment of primary epididymal tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 35 cases of pathologically confirmed primary epididymal tumor. Of the total number of patients, 10 underwent tumor excision, 23 received epididymectomy, 1 was treated by simple orchidoepididymectomy, and by radical orchidoepididymectomy with second-stage retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Postoperative pathology confirmed 33 cases of benign tumor (including 21 adenomatoid tumor, 7 leiomyoma, 4 fibroma, and 1 papillary cystadenoma), and 2 cases of malignancy (1 malignant fibrous histiocytoma and 1 adenocarcinoma). The follow-up lasted 10 months to 6 years, which revealed no recurrence, metastasis and death.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Primary epididymal tumor is difficult to be definitely diagnosed preoperatively. Surgical exploration is the first choice for those highly suspected of the disease. Tumor excision or epididymectomy can be considered for benign cases, while radical orchidoepididymectomy with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is recommended in case of malignancy.</p>

Growth inhibition of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by siRNA targeting signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene silence on the growth of breast cancer cell line MCF7 in vitro and in vivo and discuss the feasibility and effectiveness of STAT3 used as gene therapeutic target for breast cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human breast cancer cell line MCF7 cells were divided into 3 groups: mock control group, control group transfected with scrambled sequence siRNA, and experimental group transfectod with STAT3 siRNA. The STAT3 mRNA and protein levels were detected by semi-quantity RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined by MTT method and flow cytometry. MCF7 cells treated with STAT3-siRNA were transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice and their tumorgenic ability was observed. The STAT3 mRNA and protein levels of the samples from nude mice of different groups were detected by semi-quantity RT-PCR and Western blotting and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment with STAT3-siRNA, STAT3 mRNA (0.327 ± 0.020 vs. 1.035 ± 0.050, 1.093 ± 0.018) and ptotein (0.153 ± 0.006 vs. 1.320 ± 0.033, 1.374 ± 0.022) levels in the MCF7 cells transfected with STAT3-siRNA were significantly lower than that in the two control groups (P < 0.05). MTT assay showed that after transfection of the STAT3-siRNA into MCF7 cells, cell proliferation was significantly reduced and the cell growth inhibition ratio in the STAT3-siRNA group was (44.00 ± 5.10)%, significantly higher than that in the control group (16.1 ± 1.05)% (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry results suggested that more apoptosis was observed in the STAT3-siRNA group. The apoptosis rate was (14.79 ± 0.22)%, much higher than that in the control group [(7.06 ± 0.71)%, (8.45 ± 0.43)%, P < 0.05]. The tumor growth in the experimental group was significantly slower than that in the two control groups. 0n the 22th day after transplantation, the tumor weight [(21.4 ± 10.6) mg vs. (88.6 ± 12.2) mg, (57.2 ± 21.9) mg] and volume [(41.15 ± 12.17) mm³ vs. (118.45 ± 24.68) mm³, (101.36 ± 21.90) mm³] in the experimental group were significantly lower than that in the two control groups (P < 0.05). The STAT3 mRNA and protein levels of the samples from nude mice in the experimental group were significantly lower than that in the two control groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>siRNA targeting STAT3 can inhibit the proliferation of MCF7 cells in vitro and in vivo. STAT3 may become a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer.</p>

TRUS-guided transperineal biopsy with 9 + X method for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma: retrospective analysis of 420 cases / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical value and safety of TRUS-guided transperineal biopsy with the 9 + X method in the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 420 men underwent TRUS-guided transperineal biopsy with the 9 + X method for suspected prostate carcinoma. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Prostate carcinoma was detected in 160 (38.1%) of the 420 cases, accounting for 7.4%, 17.8% and 65.4% in those with PSA < 4.0 microg/L, 4 -10 microg/L and > 10 microg/L respectively, 25.0% in those with abnormal findings on digital rectal examination (DRE), and 22.2% in those with abnormal echoes on TRUS or abdominal ultrasound examination. Complications after prostatic biopsy included gross hematuria in 79 cases (18.8%), acute urinary retention in 13 (3.1%) and fever in 9 (2.1%), but no other serious complications were observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TRUS-guided transperineal biopsy with the 9 + X method, with high accuracy and fewer complications, is an ideal approach to the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma.</p>

An increased expression of CD40/CD40L costimulatory molecules in erythema nodosum of patients with Beh(c)et's disease / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

· AIM: To investigate the expression and the possible implication of CD40/CD40L costimulatory molecules in erythema nodosum of patients with Beh(c)et's disease.· METHODS: Sampling was done from erythema nodosum of 5 patients with Beh(c)et's disease and normal skin of 2 healthy individuals. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to examine the expression of CD4, CD8, CD19, CD68, HLA-DR,CD40 and CD40L molecules in the obtained tissues.· RESULTS: Approximately 90% of epidermic cells in erythema nodosum expressed CD40 molecule. In the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, a significantly increased number of CD4+Tcells, CD8+Tcells, CD19+cells, CD68+cells, HLA-DR+cells,CD40L+cells, and CD40+cells were observed in the erythema nodosum as compared with that in normal skin. Double staining showed that CD40L molecules were expressed on 45% of CD4+T cells. CD40 molecules were expressed on 100% CD68+ cells and 59.2% of HLA-DR+cells respectively.· CONCLUSION: A number of CD40/CD40L costimulatory molecules are upreguiated in the erythema nodosum of patients with Behcet's disease.

Role of T-cell receptor V beta 8.3 peptide vaccine in the prevention of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>T-cell receptor (TCR) plays an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases. Recently, it was reported that immunization of animals with TCR peptide derived from the pathogenic cells could prevent autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether vaccination with a synthetic peptide from the hypervariable region of TCR V(beta) 8.3, an experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU)-associated gene, was able to prevent the disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>EAU was induced in Lewis rats by immunization with IRBP R16 peptide emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The clinical and histological appearances were scored. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and lymphocyte proliferation were detected. Cytokine levels of aqueous humour, supernatants of cells from spleen and draining lymph nodes were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gene expression of TCR V(beta) 8.3 on CD(4)(+) T cells was examined by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After vaccination, the intraocular inflammation was significantly mitigated, antigen specific DTH and lymphocyte proliferation responses were suppressed, interleukin (IL)-2 in aqueous humour, interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-2 produced by the spleen and draining lymph node cells were significantly decreased, whereas the production of IL-4 and IL-10 were increased. The response of draining lymph node cells to TCR V(beta) 8.3 peptide was enhanced after vaccination. Inoculation with CFA alone did not affect the severity of EAU and the above parameters. The suppression of EAU was much stronger in the group of four fold inoculations than the group of two fold inoculations. The expression of TCR V(beta) 8.3 gene was significantly reduced in the group of fourfold inoculations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Vaccination with the synthetic TCR V(beta) 8.3 peptide could remarkably inhibit the development of EAU.</p>

GATA-3 expression in the development of anterior chamber associated immune deviation / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Anterior chamber associated immune deviation (ACAID) is characterized by a Th2 cell response. GATA-3 has been shown to be necessary for the activation of Th2 cells. This study was designed to examine the expression of GATA-3 in the development of ACAID.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>ACAID was induced by injection of 50 microg interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) into the anterior chamber (AC) of Wistar rats. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was evaluated on day 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 after IRBP inoculation. GATA-3 expression was detected using immunohistochemical staining. The expression of GATA-3 mRNA at different time points after AC injection of IRBP was assayed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A significant DTH reaction was observed in Wistar rats on day 3 and 5 after IRBP inoculation. The DTH reaction was decreased 7 days after IRBP inoculation. GATA-3 expression was weak at both mRNA and protein levels in the normal spleen, but was significantly increased on day 5, 7, 14, and 21 after AC injection of IRBP.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression of GATA-3 is increased during ACAID, suggesting that GATA-3 may be involved in the development of ACAID.</p>