Perspective of Calcium Imaging Technology Applied to Acupuncture Research / 中国结合医学杂志

Acupuncture, a therapeutic treatment defined as the insertion of needles into the body at specific points (ie, acupoints), has growing in popularity world-wide to treat various diseases effectively, especially acute and chronic pain. In parallel, interest in the physiological mechanisms underlying acupuncture analgesia, particularly the neural mechanisms have been increasing. Over the past decades, our understanding of how the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system process signals induced by acupuncture has developed rapidly by using electrophysiological methods. However, with the development of neuroscience, electrophysiology is being challenged by calcium imaging in view field, neuron population and visualization in vivo. Owing to the outstanding spatial resolution, the novel imaging approaches provide opportunities to enrich our knowledge about the neurophysiological mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia at subcellular, cellular, and circuit levels in combination with new labeling, genetic and circuit tracing techniques. Therefore, this review will introduce the principle and the method of calcium imaging applied to acupuncture research. We will also review the current findings in pain research using calcium imaging from in vitro to in vivo experiments and discuss the potential methodological considerations in studying acupuncture analgesia.

Prevention and Treatment of Lung Cancer by Traditional Chinese Medicine Targeting Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world， with its morbidity and mortality ranking at the top. The early symptoms are not obvious， and the biological structure is complex， so many patients have missed the optimal treatment time. At present， the treatment of lung cancer in modern medicine is dominated by first-line chemotherapy and surgical treatment with platinum-containing regimen， which has relatively large side effects， poor prognosis， and a high risk of metastasis and recurrence. With the gradual rise of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for lung cancer， the overall recovery of patients with lung cancer is still poor and the survival rate is low， despite more abundant treatment methods. From the perspective of holistic concept and syndrome differentiation， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） plays an important role in the prognosis of tumor patients， with many targets， a wide range and light toxic and side effect. Modern studies have shown that the occurrence and development of lung cancer are closely related to the abnormality of multiple signaling pathways， and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway， as one of the most important pathways in cancer， is involved in the whole process of lung cancer development by regulating the expression of related signaling proteins and genes. In recent years， many studies have confirmed that TCM monomers and TCM compounds can inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） process of lung cancer and the activity of lung cancer stem cells （LCSCs） by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway， induce lung cancer cell apoptosis， inhibit the proliferation， invasion and migration of lung cancer cells， and thus play an anti-lung cancer role. In recent years， research in this field has made breakthroughs， but there is a lack of systematic reviews and summaries. Thus， this paper reviewed relevant literature worldwide to analyze and interpret the mechanism of TCM intervention in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway against lung cancer. The TCM monomers targeted to regulate this signaling pathway were summarized in four categories： promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis， clearing heat and removing dampness， clearing heat and removing toxicity， and awakening the spirit. TCM compounds included Buzhong Yiqitang， Xuefu Zhuyutang， et al. This study aims to provide new ideas for clinical research and drug development for lung cancer.

Clinical characteristics and treatment analysis of three cases of congenital ulnar collateral flexor contracture of the forearm / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To report the clinical characteristics and treatment analysis of 3 cases of congenital ulnar collateral flexor contracture of the forearm and take a reference for clinic.@*METHODS@#A total of 3 patients with congenital ulnar collateral flexor contracture of the forearm were admitted between February 2019 and August 2021. Two patients were male and 1 was female, and their ages were 16, 20, and 16 years, respectively. The disease durations were 8, 20, and 15 years, respectively. They all presented with flexion deformity of the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of the middle, ring, and little fingers in the neutral or extended wrist position, and the deformity worsened in the extended wrist position. The total action motion (TAM) scores of 3 patients were 1 and the gradings were poor. The Carroll's hand function evaluation scores were 48, 55, and 57, and the grip strength indexes were 72.8, 78.4, and 30.5. Preoperative CT of case 2 showed a bony protrusion of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon at the proximal end of the ulna; and MRI of case 3 showed that the ulnar flexor digitorum profundus presented as a uniform cord. After diagnosis, all patients were treated with operation to release the denatured tendon, and functional exercise was started early after operation.@*RESULTS@#The incisions of 3 patients healed by first intention. Three patients were followed up for 12, 35, and 12 months, respectively. The hand function and the movement range of the joints significantly improved, but the grip strength did not significantly improve. At last follow-up, TAM scores were 3, 4, and 4, respectively, among which 2 cases were excellent and 1 case was good. Carroll's hand function evaluation scores were 95, 90, and 94, and the grip strength indexes were 73.5, 81.3, and 34.2, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Congenital ulnar collateral flexor contracture is a rare clinical disease that should be distinguished from ischemic muscle contracture. The location of the contracture should be identified and appropriate surgical timing should be selected for surgical release. Active postoperative rehabilitation and functional exercise can achieve good hand function.

Intestinal and lung inflammatory group 2 innate lymphoid cells (iILC2s) and their related cytokines in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 细胞与分子免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between intestinal inflammatory group 2 innate lymphoid cells (iILC2s) and lung ILC2s and its inflammatory response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Mouse COPD model was established by smoking method. The mice were randomly divided into normal group and COPD group. HE staining was used to detect the pathological changes in lung and intestine tissues of mice in normal group and COPD group, and the contents of natural ILC2s(nILC2s) and iILC2s cells were measured by flow cytometry. Wright-Giemsa staining was used to measure the number of immune cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice in normal group and COPD group, and the concentration of IL-13 and IL-4 was detected by ELISA. Results In COPD mice, epithelial cells of the lung and intestinal tissues exhibited pathological hyperplasia, partial atrophy or deletion, inflammatory cell infiltration, increased pathological score and significantly increased neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes in BALF. Lung iILC2s, intestinal nILC2s and iILC2s were increased significantly in the COPD group. The contents of IL-13 and IL-4 in BALF were significantly increased. Conclusion The increase of iILC2s and their related cytokines in COPD lung may be related to intestinal inflammatory ILC2s.

Effect of Mongolian medicine Eerdun Wurile on postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of Mongolian medicine Eerdun Wurile on postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy.Methods:Sixty elderly patients of either gender, aged ≥60 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱ or Ⅲ, with body mass index≤28 kg/m 2, with preoperative Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≥27 points, undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=30 each) using the random number table method: control group (group C) and Eerdun Wurile group (group E). Eerdun Wurile 15 capsules per day were taken for 7 consecutive days starting from 3 days before surgery in group E, and placebo was given instead in group C. The peripheral venous blood samples were collected before medication at 3 days before surgery (T 1) and 24 and 72 h after surgery (T 2, 3) for determination of the concentrations of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Tau proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The patients′ cognitive function was assessed by MMSE at T 1 and 5 days after surgery (T 4), and the occurrence of cognitive decline (MMSE score < 27) was recorded. Results:Compared with group C, the serum BDNF concentration was significantly increased at T 2 and T 3, and the concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α and Tau protein were decreased, the MMSE score was increased at T 4, and the incidence of cognitive decline was decreased in group E ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Mongolian medicine Eerdun Wurile can improve postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery, and the mechanism may be related to reduction of systemic inflammatory responses and promotion of nerve cell repair and regeneration.

Establishment and clinical verification of brain template for analyzing 11C-CFT PET imaging data / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To establish standard spatial brain template and ROIs template of 11C-methyl- N-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (CFT) PET images for automated quantitative analysis of dopamine transporter (DAT) distribution. Methods:From May 2014 to December 2015, 11C-CFT PET and MRI T 1 brain images of 16 healthy volunteers (3 males, 13 females; age (63.3±6.9) years) from Huashan Hospital, Fudan University were co-registered and smoothed using statistical parametric mapping(SPM)5 software based on MATLAB to create a standard spatial brain template. The ROIs template was established by ScAnVp procedures. These templates were clinically verified by using 11C-CFT PET images of 37 healthy volunteers (23 males, 14 females; age (61.7±7.1) years), 32 Parkinson′s disease (PD) patients (20 males, 12 females; age (61.1±5.4) years), 10 multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P) patients (7 males, 3 females; age (60.8±7.1) years) and 10 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients (5 males, 5 females; age (58.4±6.1) years) from Huashan Hospital, Fudan University between January 2014 and March 2019. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze data. Results:Based on the 11C-CFT PET images and MRI T 1 images of healthy volunteers, a standard spatial brain template for normalization of 11C-CFT PET images was created. The ROIs template was established including seven regions: bilateral caudate, anterior putamen, posterior putamen (along the long axis) and the occipital cortex. The ROIs template was accurately aligned in each verification group. The normal reference values of semi-quantitative DAT distribution in caudate, anterior putamen and posterior putamen were obtained (1.84±0.13, 2.18±0.16, 1.77±0.11). The semi-quantitative values of 11C-CFT uptake in each ROI in patients were significantly lower than those in healthy volunteers ( F values: 49.79-283.83, all P<0.05). Conclusion:The established brain templates with accurate spatial alignment for 11C-CFT image analysis can provide foundational tools for the application of 11C-CFT PET imaging in clinical practice and scientific research.

The application of multiple teaching methods based on outcome-based education in physiology teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application effects of multiple teaching methods based on the outcome-based education (OBE) on the teaching of physiology.Methods:The application of multiple teaching methods based on the OBE was used in physiology teaching for 356 students majoring in anesthesiology, stomatology, medical imaging, and psychiatry of five-year undergraduate from 2020 in Shenyang Medical College. Analysis and assessments were done by course examinations and questionnaires. SPSS 16.0 was used for t-test. Results:According to the course examinations, students got higher scores in the medical licensing examination than in the western medicine integrated examination [(88.19±16.35) points vs. (66.69±21.45) points, P < 0.001], and students had higher scores in the final exam (A2 questions) than in the final exam (A1 questions) [(70.63±17.67) points vs. (63.16±14.80) points, P < 0.001]. At the same time, the results of questionnaires showed that students had a positive attitude towards multiple teaching methods. Conclusion:The multiple teaching methods based on the OBE applied in the teaching of physiology can enhance the comprehensive learning ability and future position competence of students, and improve the teaching quality.

The practical results of "Internet + nursing service" in Ningbo area / 中国实用护理杂志

As a new type of medical service project, "Internet + nursing service" has become a new trend in the development of nursing. Ningbo area started the exploration of "Internet + nursing service" as early as the end of 2015, and gradually formed the Ningbo model of "government-led, regionalized layout, and online and offline collaborative services, medical professional support, market-based operation". And made the innovative practice of "medical insurance pay at home". By the end of December 2021, there were 6 200 registered nurses on the platform, and a total of 20 993 door-to-door services were provided. 197 medical institutions settled on the platform and carried out 49 home service projects. This paper introduced the exploration experience and practical results of "Internet + nursing service" in Ningbo, and provided reference and reference for the advancement of this work.

Efficiency and safety analysis of Plerixafor combined with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in lymphoma / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the advantages and safety of Plerixafor in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization of lymphoma. Methods: Lymphoma patients who received autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization with Plerixafor in combination with G-CSF or G-CSF alone were obtained. The clinical data, the success rate of stem cell collection, hematopoietic reconstitution, and treatment-related adverse reactions between the two groups were evaluated retrospectively. Results: A total of 184 lymphoma patients were included in this analysis, including 115 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (62.5%) , 16 cases of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (8.7%) , 11 cases of follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (6.0%) , 10 cases of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (5.4%) , 6 cases of mantle cell lymphoma (3.3%) , and 6 cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (3.3%) , 6 cases of NK/T-cell lymphoma (3.3%) , 4 cases of Burkitt's lymphoma (2.2%) , 8 cases of other types of B-cell lymphoma (4.3%) , and 2 cases of other types of T-cell lymphoma (1.1%) ; 31 patients had received radiotherapy (16.8%) . The patients in the two groups were recruited with Plerixafor in combination with G-CSF or G-CSF alone. The baseline clinical characteristics of the two groups were basically similar. The patients in the Plerixafor in combination with the G-CSF mobilization group were older, and the number of recurrences and third-line chemotherapy was higher. 100 patients were mobilized with G-CSF alone. The success rate of the collection was 74.0% for one day and 89.0% for two days. 84 patients in the group of Plerixafor combined with G-CSF were recruited successfully with 85.7% for one day and 97.6% for two days. The success rate of mobilization in the group of Plerixafor combined with G-CSF was substantially higher than that in the group of G-CSF alone (P=0.023) . The median number of CD34(+) cells obtained in the mobilization group of Plerixafor combined with G-CSF was 3.9×10(6)/kg. The median number of CD34(+) cells obtained in the G-CSF Mobilization group alone was 3.2×10(6)/kg. The number of CD34(+) cells collected by Plerixafor combined with G-CSF was considerably higher than that in G-CSF alone (P=0.001) . The prevalent adverse reactions in the group of Plerixafor combined with G-CSF were grade 1-2 gastrointestinal reactions (31.2%) and local skin redness (2.4%) . Conclusion: The success rate of autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in lymphoma patients treated with Plerixafor combined with G-CSF is significantly high. The success rate of collection and the absolute count of CD34(+) stem cells were substantially higher than those in the group treated with G-CSF alone. Even in older patients, second-line collection, recurrence, or multiple chemotherapies, the combined mobilization method also has a high success rate of mobilization.

Abnormal uterine bleeding and associated factors among female medical college students in Shanghai / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the prevalence and pattern of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) among female medical college students in Shanghai，to provide a basis for menstrual health intervention for female college students.@*Methods@#A total of 912 female medical students from a university in Shanghai were selected through cluster sampling. An anonymous questionnaire survey on menstrual history and related factors was conducted in March 2021.@*Results@#The prevalence of AUB among female medical college students was 39.9%, with cycle disordered and non cycle disordered AUB of 24.7% and 15.2%, respectively. Among female college students with AUB, 21.7% had two or three abnormal menstrual symptoms. Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that sleep quality was associated with both types of AUB, and female undergraduates with poorer and poor sleep quality were at increased risk of both cyclic disordered AUB ( OR =2.05) and non cyclic disordered AUB ( OR =2.00). Low BMI ( OR =1.66) and weight gain and loss ( OR =1.76) were associated with cycle disordered AUB. Frequent insomnia ( OR =2.45) was associated with non cyclic disordered AUB( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is common in female college students, female medical college students with AUB have multiple concurrent abnormal bleeding patterns. Factors associated with AUB varied according to the type of AUB, with sleep quality correlates with both types of AUB.

Neuronal Histone Methyltransferase EZH2 Regulates Neuronal Morphogenesis, Synaptic Plasticity, and Cognitive Behavior in Mice / 神经科学通报·英文版

The histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2)-mediated trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) regulates neural stem cell proliferation and fate specificity through silencing different gene sets in the central nervous system. Here, we explored the function of EZH2 in early post-mitotic neurons by generating a neuron-specific Ezh2 conditional knockout mouse line. The results showed that a lack of neuronal EZH2 led to delayed neuronal migration, more complex dendritic arborization, and increased dendritic spine density. Transcriptome analysis revealed that neuronal EZH2-regulated genes are related to neuronal morphogenesis. In particular, the gene encoding p21-activated kinase 3 (Pak3) was identified as a target gene suppressed by EZH2 and H3K27me3, and expression of the dominant negative Pak3 reversed Ezh2 knockout-induced higher dendritic spine density. Finally, the lack of neuronal EZH2 resulted in impaired memory behaviors in adult mice. Our results demonstrated that neuronal EZH2 acts to control multiple steps of neuronal morphogenesis during development, and has long-lasting effects on cognitive function in adult mice.

Proteome and genome integration analysis of obesity / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide in recent decades. Genetic factors are now known to play a substantial role in the predisposition to obesity and may contribute up to 70% of the risk for obesity. Technological advancements during the last decades have allowed the identification of many hundreds of genetic markers associated with obesity. However, the transformation of current genetic variant-obesity associations into biological knowledge has been proven challenging. Genomics and proteomics are complementary fields, as proteomics extends functional analyses. Integrating genomic and proteomic data can help to bridge a gap in knowledge regarding genetic variant-obesity associations and to identify new drug targets for the treatment of obesity. We provide an overview of the published papers on the integrated analysis of proteomic and genomic data in obesity and summarize four mainstream strategies: overlap, colocalization, Mendelian randomization, and proteome-wide association studies. The integrated analyses identified many obesity-associated proteins, such as leptin, follistatin, and adenylate cyclase 3. Despite great progress, integrative studies focusing on obesity are still limited. There is an increased demand for large prospective cohort studies to identify and validate findings, and further apply these findings to the prevention, intervention, and treatment of obesity. In addition, we also discuss several other potential integration methods.

Ten-year changes in clinical characteristics and antiviral treatment patterns of chronic hepatitis B in China: a CR-HepB-based real-world study / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To understand ten-year changes in clinical characteristics and antiviral treatment patterns of chronic hepatitis B in China. Methods: Patients with chronic HBV infection:demographic, virologic, hematologic, blood biochemistry, and antiviral treatment data were extracted from the China Registry of Hepatitis B (CR-HepB) database between 2012 and 2022 for descriptive statistics and change trend analysis. Multiple group comparisons were conducted using the Kruskal Wallis H test, while counting data was compared between groups using χ (2) test. Results: A total of 180 012 patients with chronic HBV infection were included, with a median age of 40 years old, and a male proportion accounting for 60.2%. The HBeAg positive rate was 43.3%. Over time, the median age of new patients each year increased from 39 to 47 years, while the HBeAg positive rate decreased from 51.3% to 32.8%. The initial diagnosis of patients was mainly CHB (71.4%), followed by hepatitis B cirrhosis (11.8%), inactive HBsAg carrier status (10.6%), and chronic HBV carrier status (6.2%). Among the newly registered patients every year from 2012 to 2022, the proportion of hepatitis B cirrhosis remained stable, but after 2019, the proportion of CHB increased and the proportion of other diagnoses decreased. The proportion of patients with cirrhosis increased with age in different age groups, with 3.5%, 19.3%, and 30.4% in the < 40, 40-69, and≥70 age groups, respectively. The proportion of women in patients with cirrhosis also increased with age, from 16.1% in those < 30 years old to 44.3% in those≥80 years old. From 2012 to 2022, the proportion of patients receiving first-line nucleos(t)ide analog antiviral treatment increased year by year, from 51.0% in 2012-2013 to 99.8% in 2022. Conclusion: The CR-HepB registration data reflect the changes in clinical characteristics and antiviral treatment patterns in patients with chronic HBV infection in China over the past ten years and can thus provide a reference to promote hepatitis B diagnosis and treatment practice, as well as scientific research.

Effect of LncRNA GATA3-AS1 Targeting MiR-515-5p on Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) GATA3 antisense RNA 1 (GATA3-AS1) targeting miR-515-5p on the proliferation and apoptosis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells.@*METHODS@#RT-qPCR was used to determine the expression of GATA3-AS1 and miR-515-5p in the plasma of controls and ALL children. Human ALL cells Jurkat were divided into si-GATA3-AS1, si-NC, miR-NC, miR-515-5p, si-GATA3-AS1+anti-miR-NC and si-GATA3-AS1+anti-miR-515-5p groups. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cell proliferation, and flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis. The targeting relationship between GATA3-AS1 and miR-515-5p was determined by dual-luciferase reporter assay.@*RESULTS@#The expression level of GATA3-AS1 in the plasma of ALL children was significantly higher than that of controls (P <0.001), while the expression level of miR-515-5p was significantly lower than that of controls (P <0.001). Compared with the si-NC group, the cell inhibition rate, apoptosis rate, and miR-515-5p expression level in si-GATA3-AS1 group were significantly increased (P <0.001). Compared with the miR-NC group, the cell inhibition rate and apoptosis rate in miR-515-5p group were significantly increased (P <0.001). GATA3-AS1 could directly and specifically bind to miR-515-5p. Compared with the si-GATA3-AS1+anti-miR-NC group, the cell inhibition rate and apoptosis rate in si-GATA3-AS1+anti-miR-515-5p group were significantly decreased (P <0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Down-regulation of GATA3-AS1 can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of childhood ALL cells by targeting up-regulation of miR-515-5p expression.

Moxibustion alleviates decreased ovarian reserve in rats by restoring the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Moxibustion, a common therapy in traditional Chinese medicine, has potential benefits for treating decreased ovarian reserve (DOR). The present study investigates the protective effect of moxibustion in a rat model of DOR and explores the possible mechanisms.@*METHODS@#Sixty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, DOR, moxibustion (MOX), and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The DOR rat model was established by intragastric administration of 50 mg/kg Tripterygium glycoside suspension (TGS), once daily for 14 days. MOX and HRT treatments were given from the day TGS administration was initiated. The ovarian reserve function was evaluated by monitoring the estrus cycle, morphological changes in ovaries, levels of serum estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), pregnancy rate and embryo numbers. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end-labeling staining was used to identify ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis, while the protein and mRNA expressions of Bax, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT) in ovarian tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the DOR group, MOX improved the disordered estrous cycle, promoted follicular growth, reduced the number of atresia follicles, increased the concentrations of serum E2 and AMH, and decreased serum FSH and LH concentrations. More importantly, the pregnancy rate and embryo numbers in DOR rats were both upregulated in the MOX treatment group, compared to the untreated DOR model. Further, we found that the MOX group had reduced apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells, increased Bcl-2 expression and reduced expression of Bax. Furthermore, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was triggered by the moxibustion treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion improved ovarian function and suppressed apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in a rat model of DOR induced by TGS, and the mechanism may involve the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Analysis of iodine nutrition monitoring results of pregnant women in Suqian City, Jiangsu Province from 2016 to 2020 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To learn about the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women in Suqian City, Jiangsu Province, and to provide evidence for scientific supplementation of iodine of pregnant women.Methods:From May 2016 to July 2020, five sampling districts were divided in each county (district) of Suqian City according to the oriation of east, west, south, north and center each year. One township (street) was selected from each district, and 20 pregnant women who lived in the local area for more than half a year were selected from each township (street). The 30 g of household salt samples of pregnant women and 5 ml of urine samples at random once were collected to test the salt iodine and urinary iodine content.Results:A total of 2 483 household salt samples of pregnant women were tested, and the median salt iodine was 23.9 mg/kg; among them, 2 454 were iodized salt, and the coverage rate of iodized salt was 98.8%; the qualified iodized salt was 2 383, the qualified rate of iodized salt was 97.1%, and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 96.0%. There were statistically significant differences in coverage rate of iodized salt, qualified rate of iodized salt and consumption rate of qualified iodized salt between different years (χ 2 = 10.55, 13.23, 11.37, P < 0.05). A total of 2 483 urine samples of pregnant women were tested, and the median urinary iodine was 167.6 μg/L, which was at the appropriate iodine level. However, the median urinary iodine of pregnant women in 2020 was 146.7 μg/L, lower than the WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD recommendation standard (150 μg/L). The differences of median urinary iodine of pregnant women in different years, pregnancy periods and regions were statistically significant ( H = 26.08, 8.17, 19.87, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The coverage rate of iodized salt, qualified rate of iodized salt and consumption rate of qualified iodized salt in Suqian City , meet the national standard for eliminating iodine deficiency disorders. Iodine nutrition of pregnant women in Suqian City is at an appropriate iodine level, but some pregnant women may have iodine deficiency.

Impact of arsenic exposure during gestation on testosterone synthesis and sperm quality in F1 adult male rats / 环境与职业医学

Background Arsenic is recognized as a kind of developmental toxicant, which can pass through the placenta barrier and induce health defects in offspring. However, the effects of environmental levels of arsenic exposure during gestation on the reproductive system of adult male offspring remain unclear. Objective To investigate the impact of environmental levels of arsenic exposure during gestation on testosterone synthesis and sperm quality in F1 adult male rats. Methods Forty sexually mature Wistar female rats were randomly divided into four groups according to body weight, namely control group, low-dose sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) group, middle-dose NaAsO2 group, and high-dose NaAsO2 group. They were mated with sexually mature Wistar male rats in a ratio of 2:1, and the day with presence of a vaginal plug or spermatozoa in the vaginal smear was designated as gestational day 0 (GD0). Pregnant rats were provided drinking water containing 0, 1, 5,, or 25 mg·L−1 NaAsO2 until delivery. At postnatal day 70, the F1 male rats were euthanized. Anogenital distance was measured, testis and epididymis were weighed, and associated organ coefficients were calculated. Epididymal sperm quality was evaluated. The histological changes of testis were observed. The levels of testosterone and estradiol in serum were determined with ELISA kit. The testicular mRNA relative expression levels of key steroidogenic enzymes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The protein relative expression levels of key steroidogenic enzymes were determined by Western blotting. Results Compared with the control group, the testicular coefficients and epididymis coefficients were increased in the low- and middle-dose groups (P<0.05), and the epididymis coefficient was also increased in the high-dose group (P<0.05). As for the percentage of sperm motility, compared to the control group, grade Ⅰ sperm cells were increased in the low-dose group, but significantly decreased in the middle- and high-dose groups; grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ sperm cells were decreased in the low- and high-dose groups; grade Ⅳ sperm cells were significantly increased in the middle- and high-dose groups; all the differences above were statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, there was a significant increase in serum testosterone levels in all treated groups (P<0.05), and the serum estradiol levels were significantly decreased in the high-dose group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, compared with the control group, the relative mRNA expression levels of Hsd3β1 and Cyp19a1 were decreased (P<0.05), while those of StAR and Cyp11a1 were increased in the high-dose group (P<0.05). In addition, the relative protein expression levels of CYP11A1 were significantly increased in all treated groups compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Environmental levels of arsenic exposure during gestation can up-regulate testosterone level and reduce sperm quality, and is a potential risk for reproductive dysfunction in adult male offspring.

Determination of eight high polar pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry / 环境与职业医学

Background The production and consumption of high polar pesticides in China are the largest in the world. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a method with fast analysis, large flux, and high accuracy to determine the residues of these pesticides in food. Objective To establish a method for the determination of eight highly polar pesticides [chlormequat, paraquat, difenzoquat, cyromazine, propamocarb, glyphosate, (aminomethyl)-phosphonic acid, and glufosinate] in vegetables and fruits by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods After comparing various types of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) columns, and optimizing pH value and buffer concentration of mobile phase, effective chromatographic retention and separation of selected eight pesticides were achieved. Based on the optimization of mass spectrometry under chromatographic conditions, a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) channel of target compounds was established. In the sample pretreatment, through optimization of water content, extraction solvent, and purification method, a final MRM mode of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used for detection, and the isotope internal standard method was used for quantification. The accuracy and the precision of the method were evaluated using recovery and relative standard deviation. The established method was applied to detect 57 samples of retail vegetables and fruits to investigate the adaptability of the proposed method and the residual levels of selected high polar pesticides. Results For positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI+) detection, we chose Sielc Obelisc R as chromatographic column, and 20 mmol·L−1 ammonium formate solution (pH=3±0.05) and acetonitrile as mobile phase; for negative ion electrospray ionization (ESI−) detection, we chose Shodex Asahipak NH2P-50 2D as chromatographic column, and 5 mmol·L−1 ammonium acetate solution (pH=11±0.05) and acetonitrile as mobile phase to obtain good chromatographic separation and peak shape. Under the optimal conditions of sample water content standardization, using 2% acidified methanol as extraction solvent, and C18 dispersed solid phase extraction purification, the linearity ranges of five analytes (chlormequat, paraquat, difenzoquat, cyromazine, and propamocarb) and three analytes [glyphosate, (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid, and glufosinate] were 1.00-100 μg·L−1 and 5.00-500 μg·L−1 (both correlation coefficients>0.999) respectively, the detection limits were 0.002-0.010 mg·kg−1, and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.005-0.025 mg·kg−1. At three spiked levels (LOQ, 2LOQ, and 5LOQ), the recoveries were in the range of 85.3%–113.2%, and the relative standard deviations were 1.5%–9.5% (n=6). Three target pesticides (chlormequat, cyromazine, and propamocarb) were detected in 57 samples of retail vegetables and fruits, and the residue of chlormequat in cowpea exceeded the maximum residue limit. Conclusion The established method of HILIC combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and isotopic internal standard quantification has the characteristics of simplicity, stability, and easy operation, which is suitable for rapid screening and quantitative detection of selected eight high polar pesticide residues in large quantities of vegetables and fruits, and provides technical support for monitoring and risk assessment of high polar pesticide residues.

Summary of the First Meeting of the Seventh Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Neurology / 中华神经科杂志

The First Meeting of the Seventh Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Neurology was held in Zhuhai, Guangdong,China on September 23, 2021. At the meeting, the list of the Seventh Editorial Board and the list of consultants were announced, the work of the magazine in the past 4 years was summarized, and the future work of the editorial board was planned and discussed. Bao Yalin, editor of the Journal Management Department of Chinese Medical Association, Liu Bing, vice president of the Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co., Ltd, Professor Pu Chuanqiang, editor-in-chief of the Seventh Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Neurology, and Professor Cui Liying, honorary editor-in-chief of the Seventh Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Neurology, attended the meeting. Totally about 100 editorial board members attended the meeting offline or online. All staff of the Editorial Department of Chinese Journal of Neurology also attended the meeting. The meeting came to a successful conclusion.

Analysis of children's iodine nutrition and thyroid B-ultrasound examination results in Suqian City of Jiangsu Province / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To understand the iodine nutritional status and the prevalence of goiter and thyroid nodules among children in Suqian City, and to provide a basis for prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods:From May 2019 to July 2020, the counties (districts) in Suqian City were divided into 5 areas according to east, west, south, north, and middle, each area selected 1 township (street) every year, and 40 non-boarding students aged 8 - 10 years were selected (balanced age and gender) from 1 primary school from each township (street). Children's urine samples and household salt samples were collected to detect urinary iodine and salt iodine contents, and some children were subjected to thyroid examination and height and weight measurements.Results:A total of 1 999 urine samples were collected from children aged 8 to 10 years, and the median urinary iodine was 221.0 μg/L. There was a statistically significant difference among different counties (districts, H = 147.89, P < 0.05). A total of 1 999 edible salt samples were collected from children's homes, and the salt iodine content was (24.01 ± 4.55) mg/kg. Among them, iodized salts was 1 979, the coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.00%; the qualified iodized salts was 1 910, and the iodized salt qualified rate was 96.51%, and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 95.55%. A total of 1 000 cases of children's thyroid were examined, and 22 cases of goiter, 51 cases of solid thyroid nodules, and 54 cases of thyroid cyst were detected, and the detection rates were 2.20%, 5.10%, and 5.40%, respectively. There were significant differences in the detection rates of solid nodules and cysts beteen different counties (districts, χ 2 = 16.41, 37.66 , P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the detection rates of goiter (χ 2 = 8.65 , P > 0.05). According to Spearman correlation analysis, children's thyroid volume was positively correlated with height and weight ( r = 0.403, 0.315, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The iodine nutrition of children in Suqian City is at an excessively suitable level of iodine, and the salt iodine monitoring indicators meet the national iodine deficiency disorders elimination standards (the coverage rate of iodized salt ≥ 95%, and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt > 90%). The children's thyroid volume is affected by factors such as height and weight.