Percepción del esfuerzo y niveles objetivos de intensidad en clases de Educación Física de escolares de primaria según sexo y estado nutricional: Estudio piloto / Perception of Effort and Objective Levels of Intensity in Physical Education Classes of Primary Schoolchildren According to Gender and Nutritional Status: A Pilot Study

Resumen El presente estudio aborda el análisis del esfuerzo percibido y tiempo en actividades de intensidad moderada y vigorosa en clases de Educación Física, considerando las diferencias según sexo y el estado nutricional de la persona estudiante. Participaron 95 estudiantes de 5° y 6° año de primaria de escuelas de la ciudad de Coyhaique, Chile. Se utilizó la escala EPInfant para la evaluación del esfuerzo percibido y acelerómetros Actigraph GT3X+ para determinar el tiempo en intensidad moderada y vigorosa. En el esfuerzo percibido no se encontraron diferencias significativas según sexo (p=0,144), pero sí según estado nutricional, siendo los estudiantes con obesidad quienes indican una percepción de esfuerzo mayor que el estudiantado de peso normal (p=0,022). En actividades moderadas y vigorosas dentro de la clase de Educación Física, los niños presentan significativamente más minutos en comparación a las niñas (p=0,017); mientras que los escolares normopeso presentarían levemente mayor tiempo en este nivel de intensidad, sin que esta diferencia sea estadísticamente significativa (p=0,622). El esfuerzo realizado en las clases de Educación Física ha sido percibido como más exigente por los escolares con obesidad, y para esto se deben comprender las dificultades físicas y motrices que este grupo presenta. Asimismo, las niñas han participado un menor tiempo en intensidades moderadas y vigorosas, por lo que es pertinente buscar estrategias que permitan aumentar el tiempo de su participación.

Abstract This study focuses on the analysis of perceived effort and time of moderate and vigorous activities in physical education classes, considering differences based on gender and the nutritional status of schoolchildren. A total of 95 children in 5th and 6th grade of primary school in the city of Coyhaique, Chile, participated in the study. The EPInfant scale was used to assess the perceived effort, and Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers were used to determine the time of moderate and vigorous activity. No significant differences were found in the perceived effort by gender (p=0.144); instead, by nutritional status, obese students indicated a higher perceived effort than students with a normal weight (p=0.220). Regarding moderate and vigorous activities in Physical Education class, the boys were significantly more active than the girls (p=0.017). In contrast, normal-weight children were slightly more active at this intensity level, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.622). The effort in Physical Education classes has been perceived as more demanding by the obese students; for this reason, it is important to understand the physical and motor difficulties that this group presents. Likewise, girls have participated for a shorter time in moderate and vigorous intensities, being pertinent to look for didactic strategies to increase the time of their participation.

Resumo O presente estudo aborda a análise do esforço e do tempo percebido em atividades de intensidade moderada e vigorosa nas aulas de educação física, considerando as diferenças de acordo com o sexo e o estado nutricional de cada estudante. Participaram do estudo noventa e cinco alunos do 5º e 6º ano do ensino fundamental de escolas da cidade de Coyhaique, no Chile. A escala EPInfant foi utilizada para avaliar o esforço percebido e os acelerômetros Actigraph GT3X+ para determinar o tempo em intensidade moderada e vigorosa. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na percepção de esforço segundo o sexo (p=0,144), mas foram encontradas diferenças significativas segundo o estado nutricional, com estudantes obesos indicando uma percepção de maior esforço do que estudantes de peso normal (p=0,022). Nas atividades moderadas e vigorosas nas aulas de Educação Física, os meninos apresentam significativamente mais minutos que as meninas (p=0,017), enquanto os estudantes de peso normal apresentaram um pouco mais de tempo nesse nível de intensidade, embora essa diferença não tenha sido estatisticamente significativa (p=0,622). O esforço feito nas aulas de educação física foi percebido como mais exigente por estudantes obesos, e para isso é necessário compreender as dificuldades físicas e motoras que este grupo apresenta. Da mesma forma, as meninas têm participado por um tempo mais curto em intensidades moderadas e vigorosas, por isso é pertinente procurar estratégias para aumentar o tempo da sua participação.

Multivariate linear regression analysis to evaluate multiple-set performance in active and inactive individuals

Abstract Aim: To determine how EMG, anthropometric, and psychological factors, and physical activity levels affect isokinetic peak torque performance (IPT) of multiple set exercise sessions. Methods: 20 participants (27±7 years old), classified as active (A=10) and inactive (I=10), performed 10x10:40secs of maximal unilateral knee flexions and extensions at 120o.s-1. The IPT, EMG, glucose, LDH, and lactate concentrations and perceptions of pain, effort, recovery. Results: Active volunteers showed higher muscularity (52±5 vs 47±4 cm; p<0.05), PTI (262±4 vs 185±4 Nm; p<0.05), relative lower drop in performance (14±2 vs 27±3% ; p<0.05), major MDF (83±1 vs 76±1 Hz; p<0.05), lower log -Fins5 (-12.9±0.3 vs -12.7 ± 0.3 Hz; p<0.05), smaller subjective perception of effort (14.8±0.3 vs 17.0±0.3) and higher subjective perception of recovery (14.2±0.2 vs 12.3±0.3). There was a significant interaction between relative fatigue and the number of sets (F=6.18; p<0.001). Stepwise multiple regressions revealed that subjective perception of recovery best explained the fatigue level generated in the active volunteers [fatigue level= 85.084-5255(SPR)] while for body mass was the best determinant for the inactive group [fatigue level = -21.560 +1.828(BMI)]. Conclusion: Data from the present analysis suggest that physically active individuals show higher torque development and a smaller fatigability index when compared to inactive individuals. Among the fatigue models studied, it is possible that alterations in biochemical components, psychophysiological and EMG are not sensitive to the direct influence of the fatigue dynamics protocol, both in active or inactive individuals.

Physical Activity Levels, Perceived Barriers to Exercise and Development of Secondary Conditions in Community Dwelling Persons with Spinal Cord Injury / Niveles de Actividad física, Barreras Percibidas para Ejercitar, y Desarrollo de Condiciones Secundarias en Personas con Lesión de la Médula Espinal que Viven en sus Comunidades

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine physical activity levels of community dwelling persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) who received inpatient rehabilitation at the Sir John Golding Rehabilitation Centre (SJGRC). This study also explored the perceived barriers to exercise and the development of secondary health complications. Methods: A non-experimental cross-sectional analysis of relationships was done. Participants were recruited from the SJGRC discharge files. Three questionnaires (The Physical Activity and Disability Scale, Spinal Cord Injury Secondary Conditions Scale and the Barriers to Exercise and Disability Scale) were administered via a telephone interview. Results: Only 58.3% of patients were engaged in some form of exercise and of that amount only 6% engaged in vigorous exercise. The main secondary conditions affecting both persons with paraplegia and quadriplegia were spasticity, chronic, muscle and joint pain. There were no significant differences between persons having paraplegia and quadriplegia in relation to physical activity levels, development of secondary conditions or barriers to exercise. Most persons were interested in an exercise programme but the most common barriers to exercise were cost and not knowing where they could go to exercise. Conclusion: Regardless of injury level, persons with spinal cord injury living in their communities in Jamaica are not engaged in adequate levels of exercise to confer health benefits and aid with healthy ageing. Barriers like cost, availability and accessibility of facilities must be addressed if this situation is to improve.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar los niveles de actividad física de las personas con lesión de la médula espinal (LME) que viven en sus comunidades -es decir, en sus casas en vez de asilos o instituciones asistenciales-y que recibieron rehabilitación hospitalaria en el Centro de Rehabilitación Sir John Golding (SJGRC, en inglés). Este estudio también exploró las barreras percibidas para hacer ejercicios, y el desarrollo de complicaciones secundarias de salud. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis transversal no experimental de las relaciones. Los participantes fueron reclutados a partir de los archivos de altas del Centro SJGRC. Se aplicaron tres cuestionarios mediante entrevista telefónica (Escala de Actividad Física y Discapacidad, Escala de Condiciones Secundarias de la Lesión Medular, y Escala de Discapacidad y Barreras al Ejercicio). Resultados: Sólo el 58.3% de los pacientes se hallaban participando en alguna forma de ejercicio, y de este número sólo el 6% practicaba ejercicios fuertes. Las condiciones secundarias principales que afectaban a ambas personas con paraplejia y cuadriplejia eran la espasticidad, y el dolor muscular y articular crónico. No había diferencias significativas entre las personas que tenían paraplejia y cuadriplejia en lo referente a los niveles de actividad física, el desarrollo de condiciones secundarias o las barreras al ejercicio. La mayoría de las personas estaban interesadas en un programa de ejercicios, pero las barreras más comunes eran el costo y el no saber dónde ir a hacerlos. Conclusión: Independientemente del nivel de la lesión, las personas con lesión medular que viven en sus comunidades en Jamaica no participan en niveles adecuados de ejercicio que brinden beneficios de salud y ayuden a un envejecimiento saludable. Las barreras como el costo, la disponibilidad y la accesibilidad de las instalaciones deben ser abordadas, si se quiere mejorar esta situación.

Intervalos de monitoreo para la medición en la glándula tiroides de los radionucleidos 125I y 129I / Monitoring intervals for the measurement of the radionuclides 125I and 129I in the thyroid gland

El trabajo muestra los intervalos de monitoreo que se pueden utilizar en el Laboratorio de Contaminación Interna del Centro de Protección e Higiene de las Radiaciones para medir directamente en la glándula tiroides los radionúclidos y . Se emplearon dos sistemas de medición, uno con un detector de centelleo y otro con un detector Phoswich. Ambos detectores se ubicaron dentro de una cámara de bajo fondo de 2.5 x 2.5 x 2.5 m de dimensión recubierta con 15 cm de acero, 3 mm de plomo, 1.8 mm de estaño, y 1.5 mm de cobre. Se calculó la actividad mínima detectable para cada sistema y en función de esta se determinaron los intervalos de monitoreo aplicables, de forma tal que una incorporación correspondiente al 5 % del límite anual de incorporación se pueda detectar. Se obtuvo que para el , todos los intervalos evaluados (120, 90, 60, 30, 14, y 7 días) se pueden utilizar en el monitoreo con ambos sistemas. En el caso del radionúclido , con la instalación del detector de centelleo solo se pueden aplicar los intervalos de 120, 90, y 60 días, y para la instalación con el Phoswich, todos los evaluados.

This paper shows the monitoring intervals that can be used in the Internal Contamination Laboratory of the Center for Radiation Protection and Hygiene for direct measurement of the radionuclides I-125 and I-129 in the thyroid gland. Two measuring systems were used, one of them with a scintillation detector and the other one with a Phoswich detector. Both detectors were placed inside a low background shielding chamber (2.5 x 2.5 x 2.5 m) coated with 15 cm of steel, 3 mm of lead, 1.8 mm of tin and 1.5 mm of copper. The minimum detectable activity for each system was calculated, and based on this, the applicable monitoring intervals were determined, so that an intake corresponding to 5 % of the Annual Intake Limit can be detected. The results showed that for the radionuclide I-125 all the intervals tested (120, 90, 60, 30, 14 and 7 days) can be used in monitoring both systems. In the case of the radionuclide I-129, only the intervals of 120, 90 and 60 days can be implemented by using the scintillation detector whereas for the Phoswich detector, all the tested intervals can be used.

Strength of the respiratory and lower limb muscles and functional capacity in chronic stroke survivors with different physical activity levels

BACKGROUND: The assessment of strength and its relationships with functional capacity could contribute to more specific and effective disability management of stroke survivors. OBJECTIVE: To compare and investigate associations between measures of strength and functional capacity of 98 chronic stroke survivors, stratified into three groups, according to their physical activity levels. METHOD: The physical activity levels were classified as impaired, moderately active, and active, based on their Human Activity Profile (HAP) scores. Strength was assessed by the maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressures and by the residual deficits (RDs) of work of the lower limb and trunk muscles, whereas functional capacity was evaluated by the distance covered during the six-minute walking test (6MWT). RESULTS: One-way analyses of variance revealed significant differences between the groups, except between the active and moderately active groups regarding the RDS of the hip and knee flexors/extensors and ankle dorsiflexors (2.91<F<8.62; 0.001<p<0.01). Differences between the groups were found for the 6MWT (F=10.75; p<0.001), but no differences were found for the MIP and MEP measures (0.92<F<2.13; 0.13<p<0.40). Significant, negative, and fair correlations were observed between the RDS of the hip and knee muscles and the 6MWT (0.30<r<-0.43; p<0.01) and the HAP (-0.28<r<-0.41; p<0.01). Moderate to good correlations were found between the 6MWT and the HAP (r=0.50; p<0.0001). There were no significant correlations between measures of respiratory strength and any of the investigated variables (-0.11<r<0.12; 0.26<p<0.56). CONCLUSIONS: Lower strength deficits and higher functional capacity were associated with higher physical activity levels. However, the moderately active and active groups demonstrated similar strength deficits. .

Aseguramiento metrológico en la producción y uso de radiofármacos / Metrological assurance during production and application of radiopharmaceutical

En el trabajo se presentan los principales resultados obtenidos por el Departamento de Metrología de Radionúclidos del Centro de Isótopos, concernientes al establecimiento de patrones de medición de la actividad (becquerel) de los radionúclidos emisores gamma y beta, así como la diseminación de la unidad hasta los usuarios finales. Se resume la participación del Departamento en los últimos 5 años en comparaciones claves y suplementarias del Órgano de Cooperación Euroasiática de Institutos Metrológicos Nacionales, en comparaciones bilaterales realizadas con laboratorios metrológicos de otros países, así como ejercicios de aptitud organizados por el Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica. Se ofrece información acerca de la importancia del reconocimiento internacional alcanzado de las capacidades de medición y calibración del Departamento mediante su inclusión en el Anexo C de la base datos de comparaciones claves del Buró Internacional de Pesos y Medidas. Se señalan los proyectos actuales que se ejecutan como elementos fundamentales para garantizar el aseguramiento metrológico indispensable a los desarrollos previsibles en la medicina nuclear y la radioterapia con fuentes no encerradas.

The paper presents the main achievements of the Department of Radionuclide Metrology at the Isotope Centre, concerning the establishment of measurement standards of the activity (Bq) of gamma and beta emitting radionuclides, as well as the dissemination of the unit to end users. It highlights the participation of the department in the last five years in key and supplementary comparisons organized in the frame of the regional Euro-Asian Cooperation of National Metrological Institutes and bilateral inter-laboratory comparisons, as well as in proficiency tests organized by International Atomic Energy Agency. It provides information about the importance of international recognition achieved, and the calibration and measurement capabilities of the department through its inclusion in Annex C of the database of key comparisons of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. Current projects that are being implemented as basic elements for metrological assurance essential to foreseeable developments in nuclear medicine and radiation therapy with unsealed sources are identified.

Estilo de vida e estado nutricional de universitarios ingressantes em cursos da area de saude do Recife/PE / Lifestyle and nutritional status of university students studying in health care in Recife/PE

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estilo de vida e estado nutricional de universitarios ingressantes em cursos da area da saude da Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE) -Recife/PE. A populacao do estudo foi constituida de 253 estudantes ingressantes nos cursos de ciencias da saude da UPE de ambos os generos. Para avaliacao do nivel de atividade fisica e habitos alimentares foi utilizado o Questionario Saude na Boa (QSB) e o estado nutricional foi determinado atraves do indice de massa corporal (IMC), por auto-relato da massa corporal e estatura. Para a comparacao entre a frequencia das respostas entre os cursos foi aplicado o teste qui-quadrado, e na comparacao intercursos das variaveis, idade, massa corporal, estatura e IMC, utilizou-se a analise de variancia (ANOVA) com post-hoc Tukey. A prevalencia de sobrepeso relatada foi de 8,82% para medicina, 9,23% para educacao fisica, 5,25% para ciencias biologicas, 9,75% para odontologia 14,63% para enfermagem. Os alunos do curso de educacao fisica apresentaramse mais ativos que os demais (51,6%) e os de medicina os menos fi sicamente ativos (8,8%), com relacao aos habitos alimentares, mais uma vez, os academicos de educacao fisica apresentam melhor comportamento quando comprados aos demais (p<0,05). Dessa forma, observou-se que, em geral, os estudantes nao apresentam um estilo de vida saudavel, o que os coloca em situacao de risco para o desenvolvimento de varios agravos a saude, especialmente de doencas cronico degenerativas. Tal comportamento e ainda mais preocupante em um publico que sera disseminador de um estilo de vida saudavel.

The aim of this study was to assay life style and nutritional status in college students from healthy science courses from Pernambuco University (UPE) ? Recife/PE. Sample was composed by 235 student?s beginners in healthy sciences classes from UPE, from both genders. Physical activity level and nutritional habits were assessed by Saude na Boa Questionnaire (QSB) and the nutritional status was determinate by body mass index (BMI), by self report of body mass and height. The data was categorized in Epidata and statistical analyses were performed in SPSS version 13. To compare the frequency of answer between courses was used chi-square, and to age, body mass, height and BMI, was used ANOVA with Tukey as post-hoc. The level of significance was set up in p< .05. The overweight prevalence was the 8,82% to medicine, 9,23% to physical education, 5,25% to biological science, 9,75% to dentistry and 14,63% to nursing. The physical education students were the most physically active (51,6%), and the medicine ones were the less physically active (8,8%), related to nutritional habits, once more, physical education students present better nutritional behavior than the other students. In this way, we can conclude that college students do not have a healthy life style, situation this that put then in risk to develop healthy problems, especially those ones related to chronic degenerative diseases. This behavior is more still worst in individuals that will be healthy professionals.

Estudio analítico y actualización temática de una serie de pacientes en Cuba con Lupus y embarazo / Analytical study and subject matter updating of a Cuban group of patients presenting with Lupus and pregnancy

OBEJTIVOS: conocer el comportamiento epidemiológico clínico de pacientes con Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (LES) que resultaron embarazadas, el desenlace materno fetal y el enfoque terapéutico actualmente propuesto. Analizar la frecuencia de factores como anticoagulante lúpico y otras manifestaciones clínicas asociadas al desarrollo de síndrome antifosfolípido secundario que complican el curso del lupus y al feto. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional, analítico y ambispectivo de 160 pacientes con el diagnóstico de lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES), atendidos o ingresados en el Servicio Nacional de Reumatología (SNR) y CIMEQ, entre enero 1985 y febrero de 2009. El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando las frecuencias relativas y porcentajes a partir de una base de datos en Excel. El nivel de significación se estableció en p<0,05. RESULTADOS: se produjeron 385 embarazos con una razón de 2,40 embarazos / paciente l, nacieron vivos y sanos 313 (81,29 por ciento); 72 (18,71 por ciento) pérdidas de la gestación, considerando entre ellas 64 abortos (16,6 por ciento). Desarrollaron partos preterimos 22 pacientes (13,7 por ciento), hipertensión asociada a la gestación 18 (11,25 por ciento) y pre-eclampsia 12 (7,53 por ciento) de las embarazadas. Se constataron manifestaciones clínicas de síndrome antifosfolípido asociado a lupus en el 10 por ciento de las embarazadas. CONCLUSIONES: la fertilidad no parece estar comprometida, el embarazo es de alto riesgo, y resultan frecuentes la ocurrencia de brotes de la enfermedad en la madre, abortos espontáneos, partos pretérmino y posibilidad de fetos muertos. Consideramos que esta constituye una valiosa información para el equipo multidisciplinario que enfrente el reto de llevar a feliz término el cuidado y atención de mujeres embarazadas con lupus eritematoso sistémico

OBJECTIVES: to know the clinical and epidemiological behavior of the pregnant patients presenting with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the maternal-fetal outcome, and the therapeutical approach presently proposed. To analyze the factor frequency e.g. lupus anticoagulant and other clinical manifestations associated with secondary antiphospholipid syndrome complicating the lupus course and the fetus. METHODS: a analytical, observational and ambispective study of 160 patients diagnosed with SLE, seen or admitted in National Service of Rheumatology (NSR) and in CIMEQ from January, 1985 and February, 2009. Statistical analysis was made using the relative frequencies and percentages from a Excel database. Significance level was established in p<0,05. RESULTS: there were 385 pregnancies with a ratio of 2,40 pregnancies/ patient I, life birth and healthy 313 (81,29 percent); 72 (18,71 percent) losses of pregnancy including 14 abortions (16,6 percent). There were preterm labors in 22 patients (13,7 percent), high blood pressure associated to pregnancy in 18 (11,25 percent), and preeclampsia in 12 (7,53 percent). We confirmed clinical manifestations of lupus-associated antiphospholipid syndrome in 10 percent of pregnants.] CONCLUSIONS: fertility was not compromised; it is a high risk pregnancy and is frequent the occurrence of mother disease outbreaks, spontaneous abortions, preterm labors and possibility of dead fetus. We considered that it is valuable information for the multidisciplinary staff facing the challenge to achieve the care of pregnants presenting SLE

Comparación de la medición de actividad de 131I con activímetros en medicina nuclear en cuba / Comparison of 131I activity measurements with radionuclide calibrators in nuclear medicine in cuba

Se presentan los resultados de la comparación nacional de la medición de actividad de 131I con activímetros, organizada en Cuba en el 2007. Estos resultados contribuyen a establecer la incertidumbre y la trazabilidad de los valores de actividad de 131I, determinados en los activímetros de las diferentes instituciones participantes: 9 hospitales y dos laboratorios del Centro de Isótopos que participaron directamente en la producción de los radiofármacos. Si consideramos solamente la proporción de resultados satisfactorios, el desempeño evidenciado por los participantes es igual al alcanzado en las comparaciones de este tipo, organizadas del 2002 al 2004 en el país. No obstante, la estimación razonable de la incertidumbre de la actividad de 131I medida en el activímetro, realizada por la mayoría de los participantes en el 2007, muestra un resultado cualitativamente superior con respecto al obtenido en el 2002-2004. Se reportaron los resultados del ejercicio bilateral de medición de 131I entre el Departamento de Metrología de Radionúclidos del Centro de Isótopos y el Laboratorio Nacional de Metrología de las Radiaciones Ionizantes del Instituto de Protección Radiológica y Dosimetría de Brasil. Concebido como complemento de la comparación nacional, este ejercicio bilateral proporciona evidencias adicionales de la comparabilidad de los patrones de medición utilizados para calibrar las disoluciones y muestras de referencia de 131I en el Departamento de Metrología de Radionúclidos del Centro de Isótopos.

Results from the national comparison of 131I activity measurements with radionuclide calibrators in Nuclear Medicine, organized in Cuba in 2007, are shown. These results contribute to establish the uncertainty and traceability of the 131I activity values measured with radionuclide calibrators of the participating institutions: 9 hospitals and two laboratories of the Isotope Centre directly involved in radiopharmaceuticals’ production. Concerning the proportion of acceptable results, no improvement was observed in the participants’ performance compared to results shown in such kind of exercises organized in the country during 2002-2004. On the other hand, the reasonable uncertainty estimate of the 131I measurements reported by most of the participants show a qualitatively superior outcome in 2007 compared to the result obtained in the previously organized exercises. Moreover, the outcome of the bilateral comparison for 131I activity measurements between the Radionuclide Metrology Department of the Isotope Centre (CENTIS-DMR) and the National Metrology Laboratory for Ionizing Radiation of the Brazilian Institute of Radiation Protection and Dosimetry (LNMRI-IRD) is also shown. This bilateral exercise provides additional evidences on comparability of the CENTIS-DMR measurement standards used to calibrate 131I reference solutions and samples.

Sex and ethnic differentials in physical activity levels of adolescents in Kuantan

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the physical activity levels of 400 adolescents (13 years old) in Kuantan, Pahang using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). The associations of physical activity levels with sex, ethnicity and body mass index were also determined. About one third (35.3%) of the adolescents were in the low physical activity level category, 61.5% in the moderate physical activity level and only 3.0% of the adolescents were in the high physical activity level category. More males (77.9%) were physically active than females (54.9%). Twice as many female adolescents (45.1%) were in the low physical activity level category compared to the male adolescents (22.1%). The associations between physical activity with ethnicity and body mass index were not significant. However, there was a significant interaction effect of sex and ethnicity in mean physical activity score (F = 2.36, p<0.01). Malay males had a significantly higher mean physical activity score as compared to Chinese males (t=2.13; p<0.05). Although Chinese females had a higher mean physical activity score than Malay females, the difference was not statistically significant. Conversely, there was no interaction effect of sex and BMI status in mean physical activity score. This study suggests that physical activity intervention to promote regular physical activity is needed since a high proportion of the adolescents fall within the low physical activity level category.

Observação dos níveis de atividade física, contexto das aulas e comportamento do professor em aulas de educação física do ensino médio da rede pública / Observation of physical activity levels, classes context e teachers behaviors during physical education classes in public high schools

As aulas de Educação Física (EF) possuem um importante papel no auxílio do aumento dos níveis de Atividade Física (AF) em crianças e adolescentes. Portanto o objetivo do estudo foi analisar as características das aulas de Educação Física de acordo com os níveis de atividade física, o contexto das aulas e comportamento dos professores. Metodologia: Participaram do estudo 4 escolas de diferentes regionais de Curitiba-PR. Foram avaliadas 16 aulas por meio de um instrumento baseado na observação direta (SOFIT) desenvolvido e validado para avaliação de aulas de EF. Os dados referentes aos níveis de AF durante as aulas foram tratados por meio da estatística descritiva em valores relativos referentes à proporção das aulas. Resultados e conclusões: A maior parte do tempo os alunos permaneceram em pé (45,5%), seguidos de 26,3% da aula caminhando, 17,9% sentados, e uma menor parte do tempo sendo muito ativos (8,67%) e deitados (1,5%). As meninas demonstraram permanecer mais tempo em atividades sedentárias enquanto que os meninos passaram mais tempo caminhando e sendo muito ativos. Elevada proporção das aulas foi atribuída a jogos (53,3%) e aproximadamente 10% para gerenciamento das atividades. Durante um grande período das aulas os professores permaneceram observando (37,9%) e realizando outras tarefas não pertinentes (37,5%) ao conteúdo da EF. Os dados indicam que reduzida proporção das aulas de EF apresenta altos níveis de AF.

Physical Education Classes (PE) have an important role to help on increase of physical activity levels (PA) in children and adolescents. Therefore the aim of this study was to analyze the PE characteristics according with PA, class context and teacher behavior. Methodology: Participated of the study 4 schools from different regions of Curitiba-PR. Sixteen classes were observed through an instrument based on the direct observation (SOFIT) specifically developed and validated for PE classes assessment. The data were treated by descriptive statistics in relative values of the proportion of the classes. Results and conclusions: The most part of the evaluated time, the students remained standing (45.5%), followed by 26.3% of the classes walking, 17.9% seats, and a smaller part of the time being very active (8.67%) and lied (1.5%). The girls showed to remain most of the time in sedentary behaviors while boys were more enrolled in walking and being very actives. A higher proportion of the classes was attributed to playing games (53.3%) and approximately 10% to managing activities. During a large period of the classes the teachers remained observing (37.9%) and performing another task not related to students on classes. The data showed that a reduced proportion of the PE classes with high levels of PA.