A giant parathyroid adenoma mimicking a thyroid swelling: A case report

Giant parathyroid adenomas are uncommon. Its clinical management is challenging. Our study抯 goal is to share our experience with pre-operative localization of parathyroid adenomas while emphasizing the importance of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) assays in such situations. Here, we present the case of a 46-year-old woman who was diagnosed with parathyroid adenoma. The clinical aspects, pre-operative management, and surgical procedure have all been examined. Parathyroid hormone levels were reduced by 90% following surgical removal of the tumor and an IOPTH assay. IOPTH significantly improves surgical success rates in patients with only one positive imaging test result and adds significant value to surgical decision-making.

Cirugía Radioguiada en el tratamiento del hiperparatiroidismo primario / Radioguided Surgery in the Treatment of Primary Hyperparathyroidism

RESUMEN Introducción: El tratamiento quirúrgico ha evolucionado desde la exploración abierta bilateral del cuello hasta la cirugía de invasión mínima. En este momento, la paratiroidectomía mínimamente invasiva en pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo primario es la técnica de elección. Objetivo: Describir los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico del hiperparatiroidismo primario con el uso de la sonda gamma transoperatoria. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y longitudinal, de tipo serie de casos. La muestra estuvo constituida por 29 pacientes con tratamiento quirúrgico radioguiada para el hiperparatiroidismo primario en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras entre marzo de 2007 a diciembre de 2014. Resultados: De los 29 pacientes, 21 no presentaban enfermedad tiroidea asociada, tenían una mediana de edad de 52 años, con predominio femenino (80,9 por ciento), la enfermedad renal resultó ser el síntoma más frecuente (52,4 por ciento), el adenoma paratiroideo fue el diagnóstico anatomopatológico con mayor por ciento (85,7 por ciento). Presentaron complicaciones posoperatorias el 38,1 por ciento y la hipocalcemia transitoria estuvo en un 28,6 por ciento. La media de la estadía posoperatoria fue de 3,37 días y la curación de 90,5 por ciento. En los ocho pacientes con enfermedad tiroidea asociada tenían una mediana de edad de 58 años y predominio femenino (62,5 por ciento). Prevaleció el dolor articular y la fatiga (50 por ciento) como síntomas previos y como diagnóstico anatomopatológico el adenoma paratiroideo (62,5 por ciento). Las complicaciones presentes en un 37,5 por ciento y la más frecuente la hipocalcemia transitoria (25,0 por ciento). La curación estuvo en 62,5 por ciento y la media de la estadía posoperatoria en 2,47 días. Conclusiones: Los resultados alcanzados evidencian la utilidad de la cirugía radioguiada en el tratamiento del hiperparatiroidismo primario(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Surgical treatment has evolved from bilateral open neck exploration to minimally invasive surgery. Currently, minimally invasive parathyroidectomy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism is the technique of choice. Objective: To describe the outcomes of surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism with the use of the intraoperative gamma probe. Methods: A descriptive and longitudinal study of case series was carried out. The sample consisted of 29 patients who received radioguided surgical treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism at Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical-Surgical Hospital between March 2007 and December 2014. Results: Of the 29 patients, 21 did not present associated thyroid disease. Their median age was 52 years. They were predominantly female (80.9%). Kidney disease was the most frequent symptom (52.4 percent). Parathyroid adenoma was the anatomopathological diagnosis with the highest percentage value (85.7 percent). 38.1 percent presented postoperative complications and transient hypocalcemia accounted for 28.6 percent. The mean for postoperative stay was 3.37 days and for healing was 90.5 percent. In the eight patients with associated thyroid disease, the mean age was 58 years, and there was predominance of the female sex (62.5 percent). Joint pain and fatigue, accounting for 50 percent, prevailed as previous symptoms; while parathyroid adenoma, accounting for 62.5 percent, prevailed as anatomopathological diagnosis. Complications were present in 37.5 percent and the most frequent was transient hypocalcemia (25.0 percent). Healing accounted for 62.5 percent and the mean postoperative stay was 2.47 days. Conclusions: The results obtained show the usefulness of radioguided surgery in the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism(AU)

Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Monitoring In Primary Hyperparathyroidism Patients Undergoing Surgery

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is anendocrine disorder characterized by autonomous production ofparathyroid hormone (PTH). We planned the present study toevaluate the level of PTH intraoperatively and postoperativelyand determine the outcome of the surgery.Materials & Methods: A total of 36 patients scheduled toundergo parathyroidectomy for hyperparathyroidism wereinvolved in the present study. Complete physical examinationof all the subjects was carried out. Pre-surgical assessment ofall the subjects was done. Minimally invasiveparathyroidectomy (MIP) was done in all the patients. A 50%reduction in PTH level from baseline was used as an indicationthat the exploration was successful. If a parathyroid adenomawas not found or if the PTH did not drop sufficiently after theremoval of the gland, the incision was extended and bilateralneck exploration was done.Results: MIP was carried out in 33 patients, while bilateralneck exploration was required in 3 patients. A significantdecline in the mean PTH concentration was seen duringsurgery and postoperatively. Also we observed a significant fallin the postoperative calcium levels in comparison to thepreoperative calcium levels.Conclusion: Intraoperative PTH monitoring plays a significantand crucial role in assessing the surgical treatment of primaryhyperparathyroidism.

Re-operation treatment in uremic patients complicated with persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism after parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

To analyze the clinical profile and therapeutic effect of re-operation treatment in uremic patients complicated with persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism(SHPT)after parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation.Twelve persistent SHPT patients who were treated with reoperation of paramyroidectomy(PTX)were enrolled in this study during the period from Jan 2014 to Jul 2017 in our hospital.We evaluated the location of the remaining parathyroid glands by ultrasonography,dual-phase 99 Tcm-sestamibi scintigraphy,CT and MR imaging of the neck before the operation.We resected the parathyroid gland tissue in situ,and the ectopic parathyroid glands hiding in thymus,mediastinal,tracheal esophageal groove,thyroid gland and other locations in the neck.During the surgery,nanocarbon imaging was used to help identify the parathyroid gland and parathyroid hormone assay(IOPTH)was measured at the end of the surgery.We observed the changes of clinical symptoms after the surgery and collected blood parameters including serum intact aramyroidhomone(i-PTH),calcium(Ca),phosphoms(P),calcium and phosphorus product before and after surgery.Complications and failure were also analyzed.All the 12 patients underwented successful operation.The postoperative pathological results were hyperplastic parathyroid glands tissue.22 parathyroid glands were resected,among which 14 were located at the neck in situ,8 were ectopic,i.e.,located at thymus in 4 cases,superior mediastinum in 2 cases and thyroid parenchyma in 2 cases.The clinical symptoms were significantly improved including osteoarthritis,skin itching and limb weakness.The levels of serum iPTH,calcium,phosphorus and calcium and phosphorus product were significantly lower than those before operation(<0.05).Ten patients presented hypocalcemia after surgery and the level of calcium returned to normal after supplement of calcium.Temporary injury of laryngeal nerve was found in4 cases,but there was no patient with transient bucking,dyspnea or death.No recurrence was found during 1 year follow-up.It was very important to locate the residual parathyroid gland accurately with a variety of imaging methods in uremic patients complicated with persistent or recurrent SHPT when they needed re-operation.Surgeons should explorate ectopic parathyroid gland according to the concept of the superior mediastinum dissection and the central compartment neck dissection.Meanwhile,the use of nanocarbon assisted parathyroid gland negative imaging and rapid IOPTH can significantly improve the success rate of surgery and reduce surgical complications.

Surgical treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic renal failure / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a common complication in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF).Medical treatment may be the first choice for most SHPT patients,but parathyroidectomy (PTX) is neededwhen medical treatment doesn't work in patients with refractory SHPT.However,there is no strong evidence to support which surgical procedure is the most effective one for patients with SHPT.An interdisciplinary discussion between nephrologists and surgeons is needed when choosing a preferred surgical method for refractory SHPT patients.The factors must be discussed including:the patient's age,the underlying kidney disease,clinical symptoms,the level of intact parathyroid hormones (iPTH) and blood calcium,the patient's ability to obtain and comply with medication treatment and the estimated duration of dialysis before kidney transplantation.Refractory SHPT patients will benefit from the surgical operation treatment and reoperation of recurrent SHPT is still an ideal treatment method.

Usefulness of Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Assay in Minimally Invasive Surgery / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) assay has been proposed as an effective tool in minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. We evaluated its usefulness during minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Ten patients (female 6, male 4) of primary hyperparathyroidism (8 single diseases, 2 multiple diseases) were analyzed retrospectively. We used computed tomography (CT) and 99mTc-Sestamibi (MIBI) scan for localization of parathyroid lesions preoperatively, and frozen biopsy and PTH assay at 10 (T-10), 20 (T-20) minutes after excision intraoperatively. We also compared the diagnostic sensitivity of CT and MIBI scan and intraoperative PTH. RESULTS: All patients were treated successfully and in single disease group, diagnostic sensitivity of CT, MIBI scan were 75% and 87.5%, and that of T-10 was 75% and T-20 was 100%. In multiple disease group, diagnostic sensitivity of CT, MIBI scan were 75%, 87.5%, and that of PTH was 80%. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative PTH assay improves cure rate in minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. It allowed intraoperative recognition of missed parathyroid lesions by preoperative imaging study.

Utilidade da medida de PTH intra-operatório no tratamento cirúrgico do hiperparatiroidismo primário e secundário: análise de 109 casos / Usefulness of intraoperative PTH measurement in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism: experience with 109 patients / Usefulness of intraoperative PTH measurement in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism: experience with 109 patients

INTRODUÇÃO: A medida de PTH intra-operatório (PTH-IO) foi inicialmente descrita em 1988, sendo potencialmente útil na definição de sucesso após a paratiroidectomia. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar prospectivamente perfil de decaimento do PTH-IO e sua capacidade de prever sucesso cirúrgico no hiperparatiroidismo primário (HPP) e secundário à insuficiência renal (HPS). PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: 109 pacientes operados entre 06/2000 e 12/2004, sendo 33 HPP, 76 HPS (52 em diálise, 24 transplantados renais). PTH-IO: método imunométrico rápido (Elecsys-PTH/Immunoassay-Roche); tempo para resultado: 10 minutos. Coletas de sangue periférico nos tempos basal, 10 e 20 minutos pós-paratiroidectomia. RESULTADOS: HPP: queda média de PTH de 79,2 por cento aos 10 minutos. HPS: queda média de PTH de 85,8 por cento e 87,6 por cento aos 10 minutos nos pacientes diálise e transplantados respectivamente. A cirurgia foi bem sucedida em todos, exceto em 2 pacientes (1 HPP, 1 HPS). Em ambos não houve queda PTH-IO, sendo constatado adenoma duplo no HPP e paratiróide ectópica no HPS. CONCLUSÃO: Medida PTH-IO fornece resultados confiáveis em tempo rápido, sendo capaz de discriminar persistência da doença se mantidos níveis elevados.

INTRODUCTION: Intraoperative parathyroid hormone measurement (IO-PTH) was first described in 1988 and it's potentially useful in predicting cure after parathyroidectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate IO-PTH decay profile and the utility of this procedure in predicting cure in primary (PHH) and secondary (SHH) hyperparathyroidism due to renal disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 109 patients were evaluated from 06/2000 to 12/2004. 33 had PHH and 76 SHH (52 in dialysis, 24 with renal graft). IO-PTH was measured at times 0 (before resection), 10, 20 minutes after parathyroidectomy using immunometric assay (Elecsys-PTH/Immunoassay-Roche). Time necessary to perform assay: 10 minutes. RESULTS: HPP patients: IO-PTH average decrease 79.2 percent from basal levels after 10 minutes. HPS: IO-PTH average decrease 85.8 percent and 87.6 percent after 10 minutes in dialysis and renal graft patients respectively. All patients were cured, except 2 (1 PHH, 1 SHH), because of a double adenoma and ectopic (mediastinal) parathyroid respectively. Failure in IO-PTH decrease was observed in both. CONCLUSION: IO-PTH measurement is useful in improving surgical success rates in PHH and SHH.