Effect of autophagy on oxalate-induced toxicity of human proximal renal tubular epithelial cell / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the role of autophagy in oxalate-induced toxicity of human proximal renal tubular epithelial cell (HK-2).@*METHODS@#HK-2 cells were exposed to oxalate (1 mmol/L) for 2 h and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was used to inhibit autophagy. Then Western blotting was used to measure the expression of autophagy-related protein LC3II. Cell viability and cell apoptosis were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry assay, respectively.@*RESULTS@#Cytoplasmic vacuolization was observed in HK-2 cells after treating with oxalate for 2 h. However, 3-MA showed no effects on the formation of cytoplasmic vacuolization regardless of the dose at 1 or 5 mmol/L. The expression of LC3II protein was significantly increased in the HK-2 cells in the presence of oxalate (0.62±0.03 vs 0.35±0.02, @*CONCLUSIONS@#Autophagy of HK-2 cells is enhanced by oxalate at the concentration of 1 mmol/L. Inhibition of 3-MA-induced autophagy protects HK-2 cells from the oxalate-induced cytotoxicity.

Disgenesia tubular renal en el Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rosell / Renal tubular dysgenesia at the Pereira Rossell Children Hospital / Disgenesia tubular renal no Centro Hospitalar Pereira Rossell

Resumen: La disgenesia tubular renal es una enfermedad adquirida o hereditaria autosómica recesiva. Se manifiesta durante la etapa fetal como oligoamnios por anuria fetal y en el recién nacido como anuria persistente, hipoplasia pulmonar, hipotensión severa refractaria y alteración de la osificación de los huesos craneales. Histológicamente es una alteración del desarrollo de los túbulos renales. Se expone un caso clínico de un recién nacido que presentó al nacer insuficiencia renal, múltiples dismorfias e hipoplasia pulmonar, falleciendo a los tres días de vida. La necropsia consigna el diagnóstico de disgenesia tubular renal.

Summary: Renal tubular dysgenesis is an acquired or inherited autosomal recessive disease. Before birth, it shows as oligohydramnios resulting from fetal anuria and after birth, it shows as persistent anuria, pulmonary hypoplasia, severe refractory hypotension and alteration of the ossification of the cranial bones. Histologically, it is an alteration of the development of the renal tubules. We hereby introduce a clinical case of a newborn who presented renal failure, multiple dysmorphia and pulmonary hypoplasia at birth, who died at 3 days of age and whose autopsy showed renal tubular dysgenesis.

Resumo: A disgenesia tubular renal é uma doença autossômica recessiva adquirida ou herdada. Manifesta-se durante o estágio fetal como oligoâmnio causado pela anúria fetal e no recém-nascido como anúria persistente, hipoplasia pulmonar, hipotensão grave refratária e alteração da ossificação dos ossos cranianos. Histologicamente, é uma alteração do desenvolvimento dos túbulos renais. Apresentamos um caso clínico de um recém-nascido que apresentou insuficiência renal, dismorfias múltiplas e hipoplasia pulmonar ao nascer, falecido aos 3 dias de vida e cuja autópsia estabelece o diagnóstico de disgenesia tubular renal.

Carbon monoxide inhibits the nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1 in an in vitro oxidative stress injury model of mouse renal tubular epithelial cells / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Carbon monoxide (CO), as a vital small molecule in signaling pathways, is found to be involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in renal transplantation. CO-releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2), a CO-releasing molecule, is a type of metal carbonyl complexes which can quickly release CO in vivo. In this study, an in vitro oxidative stress injury model was established to examine the effect of CORM-2 pretreatment on the nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in mouse primary renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs). Immunofluorescence staining showed that HMGB1 in the medium- and CORM-2-treated groups was predominantly localized in the nucleus of the cells, whereas higher amounts of HMGB1 translocated to the cytoplasm in the HO- and inactive CORM-2 (iCORM-2)-treated groups. Western blotting of HMGB1 showed that the total amounts of cytoplasmic HMGB1 in the HO-treated (0.59±0.27) and iCORM-2-treated (0.57±0.22) groups were markedly higher than those in the medium-treated (0.19±0.05) and CORM-2-treated (0.21±0.10) groups (P<0.05). Co-immunoprecipitation showed that the levels of acetylated HMGB1 in the HO-treated (642.98±57.25) and iCORM-2-treated (342.11±131.25) groups were markedly increased as compared with the medium-treated (78.72±74.17) and CORM-2-treated (71.42±53.35) groups (P<0.05), and no significant difference was observed between the medium-treated and CORM-2-treated groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, our study demonstrated that in the in vitro oxidative stress injury model of primary RPTECs, CORM-2 can significantly inhibit the nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1, which is probably associated with the prevention of HMGB1 acetylation.

Efectos de la ingestión crónica de etanol sobre las características histológicas del riñón de ratas machos adolescentes / Effects of chronic ingestion of ethanol on the histological features of the adolescent male rats' kidney

Se pretende conocer los efectos del alcoholismo crónico durante la adolescencia sobre las características histológicas del riñón en ratas. Se emplearon 42 ratas machos de 30 días de vida posnatal con las cuales se conformaron 2 grupos de 21 animales cada uno, tratados durante 3 y 5 meses y con cada grupo, 2 subgrupos: experimental (E) y control (C). A las ratas del grupo E se les suministró etanol a una dosis de 5/kg de peso corporal y al grupo C se le suministró agua, ambos mediante cánula intraesofágica. Al final del experimento se extrajeron ambos riñones y se obtuvieron cortes histológicos que se colorearon con hematoxilina y eosina. Se observó que las ratas del grupo experimental de 3 meses presentaron glomérulos hipertrofiados y algunos esclerosados con signos de hialinosis, así como corpúsculos con discontinuidad de la hoja parietal. Muchos túbulos renales presentaron aumento de la luz y signos de tubulorrexis. Las ratas de 5 meses presentaron glomeruloesclerosis focal colapsante con disminución de la talla glomerular y gran amplitud del espacio capsular. Algunos glomérulos presentaron signos de infiltración leucocitaria y material hialino. Se observaron túbulos renales muy dilatados, algunos mostraron pared con epitelio simple plano, material acidófilo en la luz y signos de tubulorrexis. Se concluye que la ingestión de altas dosis de etanol provocó alteraciones histológicas severas a nivel de los glomérulos y túbulos renales

We intended to know the effects of chronic alcoholism during the adolescence on the histological features of rats' kidney. In study were included 42 male rats of 30 days of postnatal life divided into two groups of 21 animals each treated over 3 and 5 months and with each group, 2 subgroups: experimental (E) and control. The E group rats received ethanol in a dose of 5/kg of body weight and C group received water, both by intraesophageal cannula. At the end of experiment both kidneys were removed with histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as corpuscules with a lack of continuity of parietal folium. Many renal tubules showed a lumen increase and signs of tubulorrhexis. The 5 months of life had collapsing focal glomerulosclerosis with a decrease of glomerular size and large amplitude of capsular space. Some glomeruli had signs of leukocyte infiltration and hyaline material. There were renal tubules very dilated, some showed a wall with simple epithelium, acidophilic material by light and signs of tubulorrhexis. We conclude that ingestion of high doses of ethanol provoked severe histological alterations at level of glomeruli and renal tubules

Alteraciones en las características morfométricas del riñón de ratas albinas machos provocadas por la ingestión crónica de etanol desde la adolescencia / Alterations in the morphometric features of kidney of male albino rats provoked by chronic ingestion of ethanol from the adolescence

En el presente trabajo se pretendió determinar las variaciones que sobre las características morfométricas del riñón provoca la ingestión crónica de etanol en ratas adolescentes, para lo cual se utilizaron 42 ratas albinas machos de 30 días de nacidas con las cuales se conformaron dos grupos de 21 animales cada uno y con tiempos de tratamiento de tres y cinco meses y con estos, dos subgrupos: experimental y control. A las ratas experimentales se les suministró etanol a dosis de 5 g/kg de peso corporal mediante cánula intraesofágica. A las controles se les administró agua en lugar de etanol, en iguales condiciones. Se emplearon cortes histológicos coloreados con técnica PAS y se estudiaron las porciones contorneadas de los túbulos proximales y distales. Se calculó el área de sección transversal tubular y se midieron los volúmenes nucleares de las células de ambos túbulos. Se comprobó que las ratas experimentales mostraron volúmenes nucleares menores que las controles. El grupo experimental mostró valores de áreas de sección transversal de los túbulos renales mayores que los controles, siendo estos valores superiores en los túbulos proximales en las ratas de cinco meses, y los distales en las ratas de tres meses. Se concluyó que en la muestra estudiada el alcoholismo crónico iniciado en la adolescencia provocó variaciones morfométricas en los túbulos proximales y distales del riñón

Present paper allowed us to determine the variations exerted by the chronic ingestion of ethanol from the adolescence on the kidney morphometric features in 42 male albino rats of 30 days born divided into two groups of 21 animal each and with the treatment times of three and five months and with these 42 animals into two subgroups: one of experimental type and other as control. The experimental rats received ethanol at 5 g/kg doses according to the body weight using an intraesophageal cannula. The control ones received water instead of ethanol in similar conditions. We used histological sections stained with PAS technique to study the outlined portions of the proximal and distal tubules. The tubular transversal section area was estimated measuring the nuclear volumes of cells in both tubules. It was demonstrated that the experimental rats showed higher values of the transversal section of renal tubules higher than the control ones, where these values were superior in proximal tubules in the five months old rats and the distal ones in the three months old. We conclude that in study sample the chronic alcoholism started during adolescence provoked morphometric variations in proximal and distal tubules of kidney

Effect of recombinant rat augmenter of liver regeneration on proliferation and apoptosis of renal tubular cells / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To study the effect of recombinant rat augmenter of liver regeneration (rrALR) on proliferation and apoptosis of renal tubular cells in vitro. Methods The cultured human renal tubular cell line (HK2 cells) was divided into several groups with various concentration of gentamicin(GM) or/and rrALR. The proliferation of HK2 cell was evaluated by 3H-TdR incorporation. The apoptosis of HK2 cells was assessed by AO/EB staining and flow cytometer using Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Results (1 ) rrALR promoted HK2 cell proliferation in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. The proliferative effect was significant with the concentration from 25 ng/ml to 50 ug/ml (P

Electrolyte Modulation in Renal Tubule of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure / 대한신장학회잡지

PURPOSE: In chronic renal failure (CRF), extracellular fluid (ECF) volume is maintained close to normal, often until end-stage renal disease is imminent. This remarkable feat is accomplished by an increase in fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) in inverse proportion to the decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Many researchers have carried out to try to indentify in animal study but human study was not done in Korea. METHODS: The study is an investigation of the changes of plamsa and urine electrolytes and FENa and fractional excretion of potassium (FEK) in 19 patients (13 men and 6 women) with chronic renal failure. Ages of 19 patients were average 54.6 year-old (range, 29-74 years). Underlying renal disease of the CRF was 42.1% in diabetic nephropathy, 31.6% in chronic glomerulonephritis, 10.5% in hydronephrosis with ureter reflux, and 5.3% in IgA nephropathy. RESULTS: In CRF, plasma Na+ is decreased significantly from normal control 141 +/- 2.1 mEq/L to 139.9 +/- 3.2 mEq/L and GFR from 75.9 +/- 42.9 mL/min to 9.7 +/- 6.3 mL/min, but plasma K+ is increased significantly from 4.2 +/- 0.4 mEq/L to 4.7 +/- 0.8 mEq/L. In CRF however, urine Na+ is decreased significantly from normal control 175.4 +/- 68.5 mEq/L to 89.9 +/- 31.6 mEq/L and osmolality from 610.6 +/- 210.9 mOsm/kg to 397.7 +/- 119.1 mOsm/kg, but urine K+ is decreased tendency from control 32.1 +/- 22.7 mEq/L to 24.3 +/- 14.8 mEq/L. FENa, FEK, and transtubular potassium gradient (TTKG) on CRF were 3.4 +/- 5.4%, 15.4 +/- 20.8% 7.1 +/- 6.9% each and 0.6 +/- 0.6%, 2.2 +/- 2.3% 3.2 +/- 2.8% on normal persons. The difference between CRF and normal control in FENa, FEK, TTKG and osmolar clearance were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that renal tubular cells of CRF were responsible for the decreased Na+ and K+ reabsorption and enhance K+ secretion.

OBSERVATION BY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ON RABBIT KIDNEY AFTER THE RELEASE OF CHRONIC URETERAL OBSTRUCTION / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the mechanism of imperfect recovery of the renal function after release of chronic ureteral obstruction. Methods Adult New Zealand rabbits(n=36) were randomly divided into normal control group(n=3),obstructive control group(n=3) and experimental group(n=30).The latter two groups were subjected to chronic unilateral ureteral obstruction.Two weeks later,3 rabbits were sacrificed and the others underwent ureterostomy,which were sacrificed separately following 12 hours,24 hours,3 days,7 days,14 days.The renal papilla and cortex were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Results Shortly after the release of ureteral obstruction,massive loss of brush border and ballooning of epithelial cells were noted in proximal tubules.Distal tubules and collecting tubules also showed severe ballooning of epithelial cells and normal struction were not seen.Two weeks later,many tubular components became patent with normal epithelial lining.Some of them,however,were deteriorated further in spite of the release of obstruction.Thus there was a marked tubular heterogeneity in recovery.Conclusion Further deterioration of some tubules might be one of the important pathologic basis for imperfect recovery of renal function after the release of chronic ureteral obstruction.

The Protective Effect of Prostaglandin E_1 on Renal Tubules of Early Stage Hypertensive Renal Damage / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effect of prostaglandin E 1 on renal tubules of early stage hypertensive renal damage.Methods Forty-five patients were divided into two groups:Common treatment group who were treated with anti-hypertensive drugs,which were calcium channel blocking agents and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,and PGE 1 treatment group who were treated with both anti-hypertensive drugs and PGE 1.PGE 1 was given intravenously at dosage of 10?g per day. Two weeks after starting treatment,the urine alpha1 microglobulin(? 1-MG), N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) and 24 hours total urinary proteins were examined in these two groups.Results After two week treatment, 24 hours total urinary proteins decreased in both groups, however, the urine ? 1-MG, NAG decreased only in PGE 1 treatment group (P

Effect of Fluvastatin on the Tubule Function of the Patients With the Nephrotic Syndrome / 中国医师杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of fluvastatin on the tubule function of the patients with the nephrotic syndrome. Methods Fifty two patients were divided into the experimental group and the control group at random ,all patients were treated with the standard therapies and fluvastatin was added to the experimental group.Plasma albumin,serum cretinine,serum lipid profiles,24hr urinal protein and urinary RBP were examined before treatment and after 8 weeks in all patients. Results The levels of TG,LDL,CH,urinary RBP,urinary protein after 8 weeks of the treatment were significant lowered than those before the treatment (P

The Expression of Hyaluronan Synthase mRNA in the Endolymphatic Sac Cells and Renal Tubules / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To study the difference between the mRNA expressions of hyaluronan synthase in the epithelial cells of endolymphatic sac and renal tubules with the oligonucleotide probe. Methods The oligonucleotide probe of hyaluronan synthase was designed and synthesized, the mRNA expressions of hyaluronan synthase in the epithelial cells of endolymphatic sac and renal tubules were detected with hybridization in situ. Results mRNA of hyaluronan synthases were strongly expressed in some epithelial cells of endolymphatic sac and renal tubules. Conclusion It is confirmed that a dual regulatory system for hyaluronan /hyaluronidase exists in the epithelial cells of endolymphatic sac and renal tubules at the level of molecular biology.

Expression of apoiipoprotein H in childhood primary nephrotic syndrome / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To study the expression of apolipoprotein H (ApoH) in childhood primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) and to discuss its role in PNS. Methods Immunohistochemistry staining and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) were performed to evaluate the expression of ApoH in renal tissues of 78 patients with PNS and 14 cases of normal controls. Serum albumin, serum lipid, proteinuria and urinary retinol binding protein (RBP) were tested before renal biopsy in all patients. Tubulointerstitial lesions were investigated. Results (l)There was positive expression of ApoH in renal tissues of PNS patients and normal controls,mainly in the proximal tubules by immunohistochemistry staining. ApoH mRNA was also shown in all renal tissues by RT-PCR. ApoH protein expression was positively correlaed with its mRNA expression(r=0.264, P 0.05) whereas these data displayed no significant difference between two groups. Above expression in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) and focal segmental glomersclerosis (FSGS) down-regulated significantly (3.30?0.28,2.82?0.36, and 10.13?3.09,10.12?1.02, respectively), as compared to those in MCNS,MN and the controls, P

AUTORADIOGRAPHIC OBSERVATION OF GOSSYPOL EFFECT ON REABSORPTION AND EXCRETION OF ~(42)KCL IN THE RENAL TUBULES / 解剖学报

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of gossypol on the reabsorption and excretion of ~(42)K in rats and guinea pigs by using autoradiographic technique, and selected the well known tubulo-toxic agent, gentamicin as a positive control for a comparative study to evaluate whether gossypol exerts nephrotoxic effect. Our results confirmed that gentamicin could induce significant decrease or inhibit ~(42)K reabsorption and cause structural damage of renal tubules. Gossypol could also affect the reabsorption function of proximal tubule, but did not appear to act as a tubulotoxic agent comparable with gentamicin to cause injury of the renal tubules.

Changes of urine enzyme series and analysis of the related factors in 4 clinical types of purpuric nephritis / 实用儿科临床杂志

control group from the high to the low. When the typeⅢand type Ⅳglomerular function was changed (BUN and BCr in high value),the drainage quantity of the enzymes evidently increased.Conclusions Urine enzyme series can sensitively reflect the damage of renal tubules in early stage, even if BUN and BCr value is on the normal level , and the drainage quantity of these enzymes are changed more or less, which show that renal tubule damage exists. The value of BUN and BCr is positively correlated with the drainage quantity of these enzymes.the more urine enzymes are drained out, the more renal tubule function is involved, therefore, the more renal globe function is damaged.

Tubular damage and its relationship with effect of prednisone in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome in high altitude areas / 第二军医大学学报

50% of that before treatment; (3)Normal control group( n =10). The urinary retinol binding protein(RBP) and N acetal D amino glucosidase(NAG)were measured by ELISA. The urinary osmosis, 24 h urinary protein excretion and serum creatinine (Cr) were measured. Results: (1) The urinary RBP[(0.54?0.19) mg/L], NAG[(112.84?42.82) U/L] and osmosis [(553.62?248.91) mmol/L] in PNS patients were significantly higher than normal control group ( P