Quiste subcondral a nivel de la articulación interfalángicaproximal en una potranca criolla colombiana: reporte de caso / Subchondral cyst in the proximal interphalangeal joint in a paso fino colombian horse: a case report / Cisto subcondral na articulação proximal interfalângicaem um potro crioulo colombiano: relato de caso

Se reporta el caso de una paciente equina, evaluada por Especial•Vet práctica privada, la cual presentaba alexamen clínico ortopédico un grado de claudicación II/V en ambos miembros posteriores (según clasificaciónde la AAEP), la cual no presento mejoría después de realizar un tratamiento médico de tipo parenteral confenilbutazona. Posteriormente se realizó un nuevo examen clínico ortopédico en el cual se realizó bloqueoanestésico perineural abaxial en ambos miembros posteriores encontrando una mejoría del 90% con respectoal grado de claudicación inicial. Se realizó evaluación radiológica digital, con las siguientes proyecciones:dorso plantar y lateromedial en las cuales se evidenció un área radiolúcida circunscrita a nivel del terciodistal de la primera falange, con comunicación a la articulación interfalángica proximal en ambos miembros posteriores, seguidamente se realizó evaluación ultrasonográfica en la cual se observa un área anecóica y lafalta de continuidad de la superficie ósea a nivel de la articulación interfalángica proximal de ambos miembrosposteriores. Estableciendo de esta forma como diagnóstico definitivo quiste subcondral a nivel del tercio distalde la primera falange, con comunicación a la articulación interfalángica proximal. Se realizó infiltración conacetato de triamcinolona, betametasona y ácido hialurónico a nivel intrarticular; antibioterapia de maneraprofiláctica al procedimiento, descanso en pesebrera por 4 semanas y reincorporación al ejercicio de maneraprogresiva, suministro de complementos condroprotectores de manera enteral (Flexequin® 40 gr/día VO yCortaflex® 20 ml/día VO). Al momento de la publicación de este artículo, la paciente no presenta ningún gradode claudicación y se encuentra realizando un trabajo físico y atlético normal.

We report the case of an equine patient, assessed by Especial Vet private practice, whose orthopedic clinicalexamination showed a degree of lameness II / V in both hind limbs (according to AAEP classification), whichdemonstrated no improvement after medical treatment with parenteral phenylbutazone. Subsequently a neworthopedic clinical examination was performed in which an abaxial, perineural anesthetic block was applied to both hind legs, which produced 90% improvement compared to the initial degree of lameness. Digital radiographicevaluation was performed with the following results: dorsal-plantar and lateral-medial images which showeda circumscribed, radiolucent area at the level of the distal third of the first phalanx, with communication to theproximal interphalangeal joint on both hind limbs. Following, an ultrasound evaluation was carried out in whichthere was an anechoic area and lack of continuity of the bone surface at the proximal interphalangeal joint of bothhind limbs. These findings established a definitive diagnosis of a subchondral bone cyst at the distal third of the firstphalanx, with communication to the proximal interphalangeal joint. Intra-articular infiltration was performed with triamcinolone acetonide, betamethasone and hyaluronic acid; antibiotics as prophylaxis, rest in a stable for 4 weekswith a gradual return to exercise, and provision of enteral, chondroprotective supplements (p.o. Flexequin ® 40 gr/day and p.o. Cortaflex ® 20ml/day). At the time of publication of this article, the patient does not present any degreeof lameness and is performing normal athletic and physical activity.

Relatamos um caso de um paciente eqüino, avaliado pela prática privada Especial Vet, cujo exame clínicoortopédico mostrou um grau de claudicação II / V em ambos os membros posteriores (de acordo com aclassificação do AAEP), o qual não demonstrou melhora após o tratamento médico com fenilbutazona parenteral.Após a aplicação de um bloqueio anestésico perineural abaxial em ambas as pernas traseiras, foi realizadoum novo exame clínico ortopédico, mostrando uma melhora de 90% em comparação com o grau inicial declaudicação. Realizou-se também uma avaliação radiográfica digital obtendo-se os seguintes resultados: imagensdorso-plantar e latero-medial que mostrou uma área radiolúcida circunscrita ao nível do terço distal da primeirafalange, com comunicação para a articulação interfalângica proximal em ambos os membros posteriores. E após,a realização de um ultra-som, verificou-se que houve uma área anecóica e falta de continuidade da superfície óssea ao nível da articulação interfalângica proximal dos dois membros posteriores. Desta forma estabeleceu umdiagnóstico definitivo de um cisto ósseo subcondral no terço distal da primeira falange, com comunicação para aarticulação interfalângica proximal. Uma infiltração intra-articular foi realizada com acetato de triamcinolona,betametasona e ácido hialurônico; antibióticos como profilaxia, um descanso em estábulo durante 4 semanas, com um retorno gradual aos exercícios, e administração de suplementos condroprotetores de maneira enteral(Flexequin® 40 gr/día VO e Cortaflex® 20 ml/día VO). No momento da publicação deste artigo, o paciente nãoapresenta qualquer grau de claudicação e está realizando atividades atléticas e físicas normais.

Muerte súbita asociada a hipersensibilidad tipo I en un equino pura sangre de carrera / Sudden death associated to type I hypersensitivity in a racing horse

El objetivo de este estudio fue reportar un caso de hipersensibilidad tipo I con muerte súbita en un equino Pura Sangre de Carrera en el Hipódromo “La Rinconada” Caracas, Venezuela. Se tomaron muestras de sangre y orina para estudios toxicológicos mediante la técnica de ELISA competitivo. Se le práctico la técnica de necropsia, fueron colectadas muestras de musculo, tejido pulmonar, hepático, renal, gástrico, esplénico, corazón y sistema nervioso central para estudio histopatológico, las muestras fueron procesados por los métodos convencionales histológicos. Los hallazgos de necropsia fueron flebitis severa en vena yugular derecha, con hematoma en el surco yugular. Edema severo de glotis, edema, congestión y hemorragia pulmonar. Hemorragia petequial subendocardica. Bazo esplenocontraido y con focos de necrosis de coagulación. Hidronefrosis aguda con hematuria. Hígado con patrón lobulillar acentuado. El resto de los órganos con evidente congestión y hemorragia. Los cortes histológicos evidenciaron edema, congestión y hemorragia pulmonar severa. Hemorragia subepicardica marcada. Edema subcapsular esplénico y necrosis centro-folicular. Degeneración hidropica tubular, necrosis tubular aguda. Necrosis de corteza renal. Los estudios toxicológicos permitieron la detección de furosemida y fenilbutazona en las muestras de sangre y orina. En conclusión se reporta un síndrome de hipersensibilidad tipo I asociado a la administración de un producto comercial a base de Vitamina E 80mg, Pangamato sódico (B15) 1 mg, Selenio Sódico 0.6 mg, Antioxidantes y Vehículos Solubles c.s.p. con colapso, shock y muerte aguda en un equino Pura Sangre de Carrera mediante un estudio multidisciplinario clínico, anatomopatologico y toxicológico.

The aim of this study was to report a case of type I hypersensitivity to sudden death in a Thoroughbred race horses at the Hippodrome “La Rinconada” Caracas, Venezuela. Samples of blood and urine for toxicology studies using competitive ELISA. He practiced the technique of necropsy, samples were collected from muscle, lung tissue, liver, kidney, stomach, spleen, heart and central nervous system for histopathological examination, samples were processed by conventional histological methods. Autopsy findings were severe phlebitis right jugular vein, with hematoma in the jugular groove. Severe edema of glottis edema, pulmonary congestion and hemorrhage. Subendocardial petechial hemorrhage. Esplenocontraido Spleen foci of necrosis and coagulation. Hydronephrosis with acute hematuria. Liver accentuated lobular pattern. The rest of the organs with obvious congestion and hemorrhage. The histological sections showed edema, severe pulmonary congestion and hemorrhage. Marked subepicardial hemorrhage. Edema and necrosis subcapsular splenic follicular center. Tubular hydropic degeneration, acute tubular necrosis. Necrosis of renal cortex. Toxicological studies allowed the detection of furosemide and phenylbutazone in samples of blood and urine. In conclusion we report type I hypersensitivity syndrome associated with the administration of a commercial product based Vitamin E 80mg, sodium pangamate (B15) 1 mg, 0.6 mg; Sodium Selenium, Soluble Antioxidants and Vehicle qs with collapse, shock and acute death in a race Thoroughbred horses by a multidisciplinary clinical, pathological and toxicological.

Efeito da associação de furosemida e fenilbutazona sobre variáveis hidroeletrolíticas de cavalos antes e após a corrida / The effect of furosemide and phenylbutazone association on the fluid and electrolyte characteristics of horses before and after a race

Verificaram-se os efeitos da associação de furosemida e fenilbutazona sobre variáveis hidroeletrolíticas de cavalos antes e após a corrida. Dezenove equinos foram distribuídos em três grupos, de acordo com os protocolos de tratamento. O primeiro grupo, de cinco animais, não recebeu medicação (grupo-controle); o segundo grupo, de sete animais, foi tratado com furosemida, na dose de 1mg/kg, por via intramuscular, até quatro horas antes do páreo; o terceiro, de sete animais, recebeu furosemida, por via intramuscular, e fenilbutazona, por via intravenosa, nas doses de 1,0 e 4,4mg/kg, respectivamente, até quatro horas antes da corrida. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas antes, imediatamente após e duas horas após o páreo, para avaliação da osmolalidade plasmática e das concentrações plasmáticas de sódio, potássio e cloreto. A utilização de furosemida e da associação furosemida e fenilbutazona até 4h antes dos páreos nas dosagens descritas alterou (P<0,05) a osmolalidade plasmática dos equinos, mas não alterou (P>0,05) as concentrações de sódio, potássio e cloreto. Os páreos alteraram de forma fisiológica a osmolalidade plasmática e a concentração sanguínea de K+ devido ao exercício de alta intensidade.

The objective of this study was to verify the effects of furosemide and phenylbutazone association on fluid and electrolyte balance characteristics of horses before and after a race. Nineteen horses were divided into three groups according to treatment protocols. The first group (five animals - control) was not medicated. A second group (seven animals) was treated with furosemide (1mg/kg, intramuscular up to four hours before the race). A third group (seven animals) received furosemide (1mg/kg) and phenylbutazone (4.4mg/kg), both intramuscular, up to four hours before race. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after and two hours after a race to evaluate the plasma osmolality and sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations. The use of furosemide and furosemide plus phenylbutazone up to four hours before the race altered (P<0.05) the plasma osmolality but did not change (P>0.05) the sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations. It was not possible to determine an antagonist effect of phenylbutazone on furosemide, based on fluid and electrolyte balance. Due to the high intensity exercise, the increase in plasma osmolality and potassium concentration was attributed to the race effect.

Intoxicación con fenilbutazona en un equino: reporte de un caso / Toxicity with phenylbutazone in a horse: a case report

Se describe el caso de un equino que desarrolló graves lesiones digestivas después de recibir dosis altasde fenilbutazona (FBZ) para tratar una claudicación. Al momento de la consulta tenía 9 días de evolución.Desde su llegada al hospital, se observó cojera grave de las cuatro extremidades, deshidratación y diarreafétida. Luego del examen físico, la anamnesis y las ayudas diagnósticas se propuso un dictamen de laminitis traumática, gastritis ulcerativa y colitis por intoxicación con antiinflamatorios no esteroides (AINES). Lacondición empeoró a pesar de la terapia y cuando se presentaron signos neurológicos se sugirió la eutanasia.Durante la necropsia se observaron lesiones graves en el tracto gastrointestinal, cascos y encéfalo. El objetivo de este artículo es describir la sintomatología, terapia y evolución de un paciente intoxicado con aines.

It is described a clinic case of an equine that developed severe digestive lesions after taking high dosage ofphenylbutazone to treat a lameness. At the moment of checking, it had nine days of evolution. Since its arrivingto the hospital, it was seen an intense lameness of the four limbs, dehydration and fetid diarrhea. After the physicexam, the interrogatory and the diagnostic aids it was proposed a diagnosis of traumatic laminitis, ulcerative gastritis and colitis by intoxication with Non-steroidal anti-inflamatory drug (NSAIDs). The condition became worse despite the therapy and when the neurological signs were presented. It was suggested the euthanasia. During the necropsy, it was seen severe lesions in the gastrointestinal tract, hooves and brain. The objective of this article is to describe la symptomatology, therapy and evolution of the intoxicated patient with NSAIDs.

Descreve-se o caso de um cavalo que desenvolveu lesões digestivas graves após receber altas doses defenilbutazona (FBZ) para tratar uma claudicação. No momento da consulta havia 9 dias de evolução. Desdesua chegada ao hospital, observou-se manqueira grave nas quatro extremidades, desidratação e diarréia fétida. Após o exame físico, a anamnese e os meios diagnósticos concluiu-se se tratar de laminite traumática, gastriteulcerativa e colite por intoxicaçãocom anti-inflamatórios não esteróides (AINES). A condição piorou apesardo tratamento e, quando apresentou sinais neurológicos, sugeriu-se a eutanásia. Na necrópsia observaram-selesões graves no trato gastrointestinal, cascos e enféfalo. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever os sintomas, otratamento e a evolução de um paciente intoxicado com AINES.

Efeitos da fenilbutazona na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas experimentais em equinos / Phenylbutazone effects on experimental wound healing in horses

No processo de cicatrização por segunda intenção de feridas cutâneas experimentalmente induzidas em equinos, avaliaram-se os efeitos da fenilbutazona e comparou-se a cicatrização entre as regiões torácica e lombar. Utilizaram-se dez equinos, dos quais se retirou fragmentos circulares de pele de dois centímetros de diâmetro das regiões lombares e torácicas direita e esquerda. Os equinos foram distribuídos em dois grupos, sendo o primeiro controle, recebendo água destilada a cada 12 horas, durante cinco dias. O outro grupo foi tratado com fenilbutazona (4,4 mg/kg) com o mesmo intervalo e período do grupo controle. As feridas foram tratadas diariamente com Líquido de Dakin, momentos quando se procederam as observações macroscópicas. A cada 72 horas procederam-se as mensurações das feridas. Para análise histológica realizou-se biópsias no sexto e décimo quinto dia. O tempo total de reparo das feridas no grupo tratado foi maior em aproximadamente 12 dias (37 dias para o grupo controle e 49 dias para o grupo tratado). Não se observou diferença significativa do tempo de cicatrização entre as feridas torácicas e lombares de um mesmo grupo. As avaliações macroscópicas e histopatológicas mostraram o efeito inibidor da fenilbutazona quando comparada com o grupo controle na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas por segunda intenção em equinos.

The purpose of this study was to investigate phenylbutazone effects on second intention wound healing, and to compare the healing process between the thoracic and lumbar areas. Ten horses were submitted to circular full-thickness wound produced on both sides of the thoracic and lumbar areas. Animals were gathered into two experimental groups, one receiving daily IV injections of phenylbutazone (4,4mg/kg) and the other (control group) distillated water for five days. All wounds were daily treated with local Dakin's solution. The wound contraction rates were determined by serial measurements each 72 hours. At the 6th and 15th post surgical days, biopsies were performed for histological analysis. Thoracic and lumbar wound contraction was decreased in the phenylbutazone group. The time to complete healing was significantly greater in phenylbutazone group (49 days) than in control group (37 days). There was no significant difference between thoracic and lumbar area in the same group. Gross and histopathology analysis showed the inhibitory effect of phenylbutazone on the second-intention wound healing when compared to the control group.

Histopatologia das lâminas do casco de equinos com laminite aguda induzida e tratados com ketoprofeno, fenilbutazona e flunixin meglumine / Histopathology of the digital laminae from horses with acute induced laminitis treated with ketoprophen, phenylbutazone, and flunixin meglumin

Avaliaram-se as alterações histológicas do tecido laminar, obtido por biopsia, em 20 equinos portadores de laminite induzida por sobrecarga de carboidratos e tratados com ketoprofeno, fenilbutazona ou flunixin meglumine. A biopsia foi colhida dos dígitos torácicos 72 horas após a indução. Os achados histológicos foram comparados com os achados de amostras de equinos isentos de laminite. Infiltrado inflamatório neutrofílico foi observado em 80 por cento, congestão em 50 por cento, hemorragia em 35 por cento e hiperplasia na túnica íntima das arteríolas das lâminas dérmicas primárias em 15 por cento das amostras. As taxas de microtrombos e coágulos foram 15 por cento e 20 por cento, respectivamente. Estes achados parecem decorrer dos distúrbios circulatórios que ocasionaram edema, congestão e hiperemia, seguidos de degeneração. Em 70 por cento das análises realizadas nos animais tratados, as lesões histológicas foram inferiores aos graus de claudicação observados. Conclui-se que a biopsia de tecido laminar digital de equinos é viável, os artefatos decorrentes da técnica de biopsia não prejudicam a análise histológica das amostras e os anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais não são capazes de evitar as lesões laminares quando administrados após o início da sintomatologia clínica de laminite.

Experimental laminitis caused by carbohydrate overload was induced in 20 healthy horses. Seventy two hours after induction, samples of the laminar tissue were obtained by biopsy from the thoracic limbs digits for histopathology. The histological findings were compared to samples from horses without laminitis. Neutrophilic infiltrate was observed in 80 percent of the samples, congestion in 50 percent, hemorrhage in 35 percent, and hyperplasia of the arteriolar intima layer of the primary dermal lamina in 15 percent. Thrombi and intravascular blood clots were observed in 15 percent and 20 percent of the samples, respectively. Apparently, these findings were due to circulatory changes that resulted in edema, congestion, and hyperemia, followed by degeneration. In 70 percent of analyses performed on treated horses, the histological lesions were less severe than the clinical signs of lameness. It is concluded that: (i) the biopsy technique of laminar digital tissue from horses is viable; (ii) the artifacts generated by the biopsy technique do not compromise the histological analyses; and (iii) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs do not avoid laminar lesions when administered after the beginning of clinical signs of laminitis.

Inibição e reversão da agregação plaquetária de eqüinos in vitro com o uso de ketoprofeno, fenilbutazona e flunixim meglumine / In vitro inibition and reversion of equine platelet aggregation using ketoprophen, phenylbutazone and flunixin meglumin

Como são várias as enfermidades e os distúrbios que induzem à hipercoagulabilidade e à pré-ativação de plaquetas em eqüinos. A atividade de medicamentos utilizados para controle dessas enfermidades sobre a agregação de plaquetas pode, não apenas servir para avaliar sua evolução, como também a resposta terapêutica. Com o objetivo de avaliar a prevenção e a reversão da agregação plaquetária de eqüinos in vitro foram utilizados os antiinflamatórios não esteroidais (AINES): ketoprofeno, fenilbutazona e flunixim meglumine. A comparação demonstrou que a fenilbutazona e o ketoprofeno previnem a agregação de plaquetas de eqüinos induzida pelo ADP, de forma mais eficaz do que o flunixim-meglumine e, superior ao fragmento monoclonal de anticorpo Reopro, sendo semelhante a dos bloqueadores de receptores de membrana Ro-438857 e RGDS. Quanto a reverão da agregação plaquetária tanto a fenilbutazona quanto o ketoprofeno demonstraram efeitos dose-dependente.

Several diseases may lead to platelet pre-activation and hypercoagulability states in horses. The activity of many drugs against platelet aggregation may, not only contribute to the evaluation of a disease but also its response to the therapy. With the aim to study in vitro prevention and reversion of platelet aggregation, the non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID): ketoprophen, phenylbutazone and flunixin-meglumin were evaluated. The comparison demonstrated that phenylbutazone and ketoprophen prevented platelet aggregation induced by ADP better than flunixin-meglumin, in a superior manner to the monoclonal antibody Reopro, and in a better way than the membrane receptor blockers Ro-438857 and RGDS. The reversion of platelet aggregation demonstrated that even phenylbutazone or ketoprophen have a dose-dependent effect.

Anti inflammatory activity of indanyltetrazole derivatives

A number of indanyl tetrazolederivatives namely 5-[6'-chloroindan-1'-yl]tetrazole [CIT], 5-[6'-bromoindan-1'-yl]tetrazole [BIT], 5-[6'-chloroindan-1'-yl]methyltetrazole [CIMT], 5-[6'-bromoindan-1'-yl]methyl-tetrazole [BIMT] were evaluated for the anti-inflammatory activity in carragennan induced rat paw edema in Swiss albino Wister rats for 24-hour period at the dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight by intraperitoneal route where phenylbutazone [PBZ] was used as the standard. All of these compounds exhibited inhibition on rat paw edema with peak actions observed following 3 hours after administration. Moreover, compounds CIMT and BIMT were further evaluated at dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight. Among the compounds, CIMT showed higher activity than others and was very close to standard phenylbutazone

Vitex negundo Linn (VN) leaf extract as an adjuvant therapy to standard anti-inflammatory drugs.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Leaves of Vitex negundo (VN) have been investigated for their antiinflammatory activity in past, including its mechanism of action. However, nobody has evaluated its potential role as an adjuvant with standard anti-inflammatory therapy. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate interaction of ethanolic leaf extract of VN Linn with standard anti-inflammatory drugs in sub-effective doses per orally (PO) to evaluate its potential role as an adjuvant therapy. METHODS: Carrageenin induced hind paw oedema and cotton pellet granuloma test in albino rats were employed to study interaction of Vitex negundo (VN) leaf extract with standard antiinflammatory drugs in sub-effective doses per orally to evaluate its potential role as an adjuvant therapy. RESULTS: The sub-effective dose of VN potentiated anti-inflammatory activity of phenlbutazone and ibuprofen significantly in carrageenin induced hind paw oedema and cotton pellet granuloma models. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: The potentiation of anti-inflammatory activities phenlbutazone and ibuprofen by VN indicates that it may be useful as an adjuvant therapy along with standard antiinflammatory drugs.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Calotropis gigantea (AKANDA) in various biological system.

To evaluate the effect of Calotropis G in various experimental animal models. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenin-induced kaolin -induced rat paw oedema for acute and cotton-pellet granuloma, adjuvant-induced arthritis model for chronic inflammation. Antipyretic activity was carried out using yeast induced pyresis method. Phenylquinone--induced writhing method in mice was used for analgesic activity. Test compounds exhibited variable anti-inflammatory activity and peak activity of the test compounds were reached at 2 h. Alkaloid fraction possesses comparatively high initial anti-inflammatory activity. The residual anti-inflammatory activity of alkaloid fraction of Calotropis G suggest either a greater protein binding nature of the compound there by providing a slow released pool of active drug molecule in the system or non available of possible bioactive metabolites to retain the activity profile relation.

[Comparative efficacy of addermint [mentha spicata], phenylbutazone and dam cream in cattle acute mastitis]

Mastitis as a widely spread health problem does not only cause the largest economic disease-related losses in dairy farms, but also is responsible for the extended use of antibiotics in these enterprises. As this disease is considered multifactorial, development of new infection depends both on the presence of mastitis pathogens and a series of additional factors that act concomitantly. Therefore, for treatment and prevention of mastitis, determination of these factors is necessary. Antibiotic therapy is the common choice to control acute mastitis, but it is necessary to look for new options like immune modulators to better work out this problem and support the treatments. The current study was to evaluate the use of softener cream with Mentha spicata [Addermint[R]] therapy as a supportive treatment in management of acute mastitis in Holstein cattle. In a large dairy farm, 120 clinical cases [Class II acute Mastitis] were divided into three groups [A, B and C]. All of the animals had received an antibacterial therapy including 50ml of oxytetracycline 5% IV and one tube of Tetranebalone[R] intramamary infusion every 12 hours. Addermint[R], Phenylbutazone or Dam cream[R] liniments were used on external skin of udders in A, B and C groups every 8 hours, respectively. Milk samples were taken from each cow prior to the treatment and were cultured on blood and MacConkey agar media. The genuses of isolated bacteria were determined microscopically and by results of biochemical reactions. Daily inspection of milk and udder were recorded. The withdrawal time of treated cows was 3 days and recurrent cases were recorded for the following 30 days. The results of this study showed that, E. coli had the highest incidence in positive cultures [n=46] followed by Staphylococcus spp. [n=19] in 72.5% of positive cultures. No bacterium was isolated in 27.5% of cultures. Bacillus spp. [n=12], Streptococcus spp. [n=3], Klebsiella spp. [n=4] and Corynebacterium spp. [n=3] were isolated in 10%, 2.5%, 3.5% and 2.5% of cultures, respectively. The recovery times were 26.7, 26.9 and 44.9 hrs. In A, B and C groups, respectively. The recurrence percentiles were 32.5%, 42.5% and 45% in A, B and C groups, respectively. Our results showed that softener cream [Adder mint] usage is more effective than phenylbutazone and Dam cream in supporting the antibiotic treatment. It reduced the treatment period, withdrawal time and recurrence, dramatically

Molecular characteristics of the inhibition of human neutrophil elastase by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) are known as clinically effective agents for treatment of inflammatory diseases. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase has been thought to be a major facet of the pharmacological mechanism of NSAIDs. However, it is difficult to ascribe the antiinflammatory effects of NSAIDs solely to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Human neutrophil elastase (HNElastase; HNE, EC 3.4.21.37) has been known as a causative factor in inflammatory diseases. To investigate the specific relationship between HNElastase inhibition and specificity of molecular structure of several NSAIDs, HNElastase was purified by Ultrogel AcA54 gel filtration, CM-Sephadex ion exchange, and HPLC (with TSK 250 column) chromatography. HNElastase was inhibited by aspirin and salicylate in a competitive manner and by naproxen, ketoprofen, phenylbutazone, and oxyphenbutazone in a partial competative manner, but not by ibuprofen and tolmetin. HNElastase-phenylbutazone-complex showed strong Raman shifts at 200, 440, 1124, 1194, 1384, 1506, and 1768 cm(-1). The Raman bands 1194, 1384, and 1768 cm(-1) may represent evidences of the conformational change at -N=N-phi radical, pyrazol ring, and -C=O radical of the elastase-drug complex, respectively. Phenylbutazone might be bound to HNElastase by ionic and hydrophobic interaction, and masked the active site. Inhibition of HNElastase could be another mechanism of action of NSAIDs besides cyclooxygenase inhibition in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Different inhibition characteristics of HNE-lastase by NSAIDs such as aspirin, phenylbutazone-like drugs and ineffective drugs could be important points for drawing the criteria for appropriate drugs in clinical application.

Ulcera cecal inespecífica en una paciente con insuficiencia renal crónica en programa de hemodiálisis: caso clínico / Unspecific cecal ulcer in a patient undergoing hemodialysis for chronic renal failure: clinical case

We report a 65 years old female undergoing hemodialysis, presenting with intense pain in the lower right quadrant and moderate hematochezia. Since symptoms did not abate after an appendectomy, a colonoscopy and barium enema were performed, whose results suggested an advanced cecal carcinoma. Biopsies were negative for cancer. A new surgical abdominal exploration disclosed a cecal inflammatory and transmural lesion. A right colectomy was performed and the patient had a satisfactory postoperative evolution. Pathological study of the surgical piece showed a six cm perforated profound ulceration and a two cm ulcer. Both had precise limits. Unspecific cecal ulcers are rare entities that must be born in mind in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain or hematochezia, specially in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis

Drugs causing fixed eruption in children. a study of 31 cases

This is the largest series of fixed drug eruption [FDE] in children ever reported from one centre. Out of thirty five clinically diagnosed cases of FDE, 31 patients were positive to oral provocation tests. Cotrimoxazole was the commonest cause of FDE. Other incriminated drugs were paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, phenylbutazone, ampicillin, amoxycillin, tetracycline, metamizole and mefenamic acid. Cross-sensitivity was seen between penicillin derivatives; Polysensitivity with various drugs was observed in 4 cases [12.8 percent]. Cross-sensitivity between ampicillin/amoxycillin and polysensitivity among different drugs are still unreported

Molecular pharmacological interaction of phenylbutazone to human neutrophil elastase

Human neutrophil elastase (HNElastase, EC 3.4.21.37), a causative factor of inflammatory diseases, was purified by Ultrogel AcA54 gel filtration and CM-Sephadex ion exchange chromatography. HNElastase was inhibited by phenylbutazone in a concentration dependent manner up to 0.4 mm, but as the concentration increased, the inhibitory effect gradually diminished. Binding of phenylbutazone to the human neutrophil elastase caused strong Raman shifts at 200, 440, and 1194 cm-1. The peak at 1194 cm-1 might be evidence of the presence of -N=N-PHI radical. The core area of the elastase, according to the visual molecular model of human neutrophil elastase, was structurally stable. A deeply situated active center was at the core area surrounded by hydrophobic amino acids. Directly neighboring the active site was one positively charged atom and two atoms carrying a negative charge, which enabled the enzyme and the drug to form a strong interaction. Phenylbutazone may form a binding, similar to a key & lock system to the atoms carrying opposite charges near the active site of the enzyme molecule. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity of the surrounding amino acid near the active site seemed to enhance the binding strength of phenylbutazone. Binding of phenylbutazone near the active site may cause masking of the active site, preventing the substrate from approaching the active site and inhibiting elastase activity.

Comparative study on the effects of a steroidal and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs on blood picture and biochemical factors of sheep

In this study, 10 sheep from Shiraz Veterinary School Animal Husbandary Unit were used. Animal's body weight ranged from 40 to 63 Kgs and their age was from 2-4 years old. Before the start of experiment, three blood samples were taken from the jugular vein. These animals were divided into two groups of 5 animals each. Group I was control and group II as experimental one. In experimental group non-steroidal anti inflammatory drug [phenylbutazone] was injected intramusculary for 5 days [4.4 mg/kg]. Blood samples were collected every day for 12 days and blood parameters were determined. Following 2 months rest, the same experiment was repeated with a steroidal anti-inflammatory drug [isoflupredone acetate]. The drug was given [0.1 mg/kg] intramuscularly [IM]. All samples were analysed and the results were compared statistically. In phenylbutazone group WBC increased 12.5%, Hb 1.4%, MCHC 0.4% and cholesterol 10.5%, significantly [p<0.05]. In contrast, BUN decreased 1.3%, calcium 1.6%, inorganic phosphate 7.1%, sodium 2% and potassium 22.7%, significantly [p<0.05]. In isoflupredone acetate group W.B.C. increased 19.6%, neutrophil 17.9%, cholesterol 45.6%, calcium 45.8%, inorganic phosphate 11.9% and sodium 0.6%, significantly [p<0.05]. In contrast, monocytes decreased 34.3%, eosinophils 68.2%, lymphocytes 14.3%, total protein 4%, BUN 22.9% and potassium 6.6%, significantly [p<0.05]

Opçöes para a utilizaçåo dos antiinflamatórios nåo-esteróides no manejo da psoríase artropática / The management of arthropatic psoriasis with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory

Os antiinflamatórios nåo-esteróides såo fármacos nåo-esteroidais que inibem a via da ciclooxigenase no metabolismo do ácido aracdônio, suprimindo a síntese das prostaglandinas. Algumas destas drogas exacerbam as lesöes cutâneas da psoríase (indometacina, ácido acetilsalicílico). Outros antiinflamatórios nåo-esteróides apresentam uma boa açåo farmacológica sem exacerbarem o quadro dermatológico da moléstia (naproxeno, ibuprofeno e fenilbutazona). Estas drogas proporcionaråo novas opçöes na terapêutica da psoríase artropática. Os autores relatam sua experiência no manejo da psoríase artropática com os antiinflamatórios nåo-esteróides

Anti-inflammatory and diuretic activity of a new class of compounds--Schiff bases of 3-amino-2-methylquinazolin 4(3H)-ones.

Eighteen Schiff Bases of 3-amino-2-methylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones were synthesised and screened for anti-inflammatory and diuretic activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was identified in PNG-1, PNG-13, PNG-14, PNG-15 and PNG-17.

Effect of lead exposure on plasma phenylbutazone levels in rats.

The effect of lead exposure on phenylbutazone kinetics was studied in rats. The biological half-life (t1/2) of phenylbutazone was determined from the plasma level versus time curve in 3 groups of rats given (i) 10 mg/kg lead orally for 8 weeks (ii) 100 mg/kg single oral dose and (iii) no lead, after oral administration of 100 mg/kg phenylbutazone to all rats. The t1/2 of the drug was found to be 33% lower on chronic lead exposure and 46% higher on acute exposure than in unexposed control rats. This variation in the t1/2 values of the two different groups of rats indicates that probably phenylbutazone metabolism varies with the period of lead exposure.