Implicações da prática profissional no acolhimento institucional de crianças: perspectiva de cuidadoras / Implications of professional practice in children's institutional sheltering: caregivers' perspective / Implicaciones de la práctica profesional en el alojamiento institucional de niños: perspectiva de cuidadoras

Este estudo qualitativo teve como objetivo compreender, a partir da teoria de bioecológica de desenvolvimento, as implicações da prática profissional no processo de acolhimento de crianças em uma casa-abrigo, na perspectiva de cuidadoras. As participantes foram 10 profissionais de uma casa-abrigo localizada na região sul do Brasil. Utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada e a organização e análise dos dados sustentou-se na Grounded Theory, com auxílio do software Atlas.ti 8.4.14. Os resultados evidenciaram uma centralização das ações de acolhimento e atenção em torno dos cuidados físicos das crianças. As ações para promover suporte e cuidados emocionais dentro da casa-abrigo eram delegadas às profissionais da equipe técnica da instituição. Observou-se que as dificuldades encontradas pelas cuidadoras diziam respeito à falta de segurança e preparação para responder e acolher as demandas emocionais das crianças, as quais estão presentes em diversos momentos do processo de acolhimento. Percebeu-se que as práticas institucionais afetaram decisivamente tanto as ações de acolhimento das participantes e o suporte emocional oferecido às crianças na passagem pela casa-abrigo quanto as cuidadoras, no sentido de vivenciarem no trabalho sentimentos de insegurança. Os resultados tensionam ecologicamente a interação nos processos proximais presentes no desenvolvimento humano. Advoga-se pela reflexão sobre as implicações das práticas institucionais de uma casa-abrigo e o desenvolvimento infantil, visando o cuidado integral dos acolhidos.(AU)

Based on the developmental bioecological theory, this study analyzes the implications of professional practice in children's user embracement at a shelter from the caregivers' perspective. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 professionals from a shelter located in southern Brazil. Data organization and analysis was performed based on Grounded Theory using the Atlas.ti 8.4.14 software. Results showed that embracement and attention focus on the physical care of children. Support and emotional care activities were delegated to the institution's technical team. Caregivers faced difficulties regarding the lack of security and preparation to respond to and accept the children's emotional demands, which arise at different moments in the embracement process. The institutional practices decisively affected both user embracement actions and the emotional support offered to the children, as well as the caregivers, in the sense of experiencing feelings of insecurity. These findings ecologically tension the interaction in the proximal processes present in human development. Further reflections on the implications of institutional shelter-based practices for child development are needed to provide comprehensive care.(AU)

Este estudio cualitativo tuvo como objetivo comprender, desde la perspectiva de la teoría bioecológica del desarrollo, las implicaciones de la práctica profesional en el proceso de acogida de niños en una institución infantil desde la perspectiva de las cuidadoras. Las participantes fueron 10 profesionales de una institución de acogida infantil ubicada en la región Sur de Brasil. Se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada, y para la organización y análisis de datos se aplicó Grounded Theory, con el uso del software Atlas.ti 8.4.14. Los resultados mostraron que las acciones de recepción y atención se centran en el cuidado físico de los niños. Las acciones de promoción de apoyo y cuidado emocional dentro del alojamiento se asignaron a los profesionales del equipo técnico de la institución. Se observó que las dificultades encontradas por las cuidadoras estaban relacionadas con la falta de seguridad y preparación para responder y aceptar las demandas emocionales de los niños, las cuales se encuentran presentes en diferentes momentos del proceso de acogida. Se notó que las prácticas institucionales afectaron decisivamente tanto las acciones de acogida de las participantes como el apoyo emocional que la institución brinda a los niños durante su paso, así como a las cuidadoras en el sentido de experimentar sentimientos de inseguridad en el trabajo. Estos resultados tensan ecológicamente la interacción en los procesos proximales presentes en el desarrollo humano. Se aboga por reflexionar sobre las implicaciones de las prácticas institucionales en los alojamientos institucionales y el desarrollo infantil, apuntando a la atención integral de los acogidos.(AU)

Incorporación laboral de migrantes sur-sur y sus hijos e hijas en Argentina: intersecciones de género, generaciones y trabajo / Incorporação laboral de migrantes sul-sul e seus filhos na Argentina: interseções de gênero, gerações e trabalho / Labor incorporation of south-south migrants and their sons and daughters in Argentina: intersections of gender, generations and work

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los patrones generales de incorporación laboral de migrantes sur-sur y sus hijos e hijas en Argentina. En primer lugar, detallamos las características de la incorporación laboral de los migrantes y sus hijos en comparación con la población nativa y sus hijos. En segundo lugar, analizamos las formas de la incorporación en los diferentes segmentos laborales de la sociedad argentina. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren una incorporación estructurada por los vectores de género y generaciones. Las generaciones más jóvenes dentro del hogar (hijas e hijos tanto de población nativa como migrante) se incorporan en los segmentos más precarios y esta incorporación interactúa, de manera complementaria, con el género. Las mujeres hijas de hogares migrantes se insertan mayoritariamente en los segmentos más bajos de la estructura laboral mientras que, en el otro extremo, los hombres nativos se incorporan en mayor proporción en los segmentos más altos de la estructura laboral.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os padrões gerais de incorporação laboral dos migrantes sul-sul e seus filhos e filhas na Argentina. Primeiro, detalhamos as características de incorporação laboral dos migrantes e seus filhos em comparação com a população nativa e seus filhos. Em segundo lugar, analisamos as formas de incorporação nos diferentes segmentos laborais da sociedade argentina. Os resultados obtidos sugerem uma incorporação estruturada pelos vetores de gênero e de gerações. As gerações mais jovens dentro do lar (filhas e filhos tanto da população nativa como da migrante) são incorporadas nos segmentos mais precários e, de forma complementar, esta incorporação interage com o gênero. As mulheres filhas de lares migrantes inserem-se, maiormente, nos segmentos mais baixos da estrutura laboral, enquanto, no outro extremo, os homens nativos incorporam-se nos segmentos mais altos da estrutura laboral.

The objective of this article is to analyze the general patterns of labor incorporation of migrants and children of south-south migrants in Argentina. Firstly, we detailed the characteristics of the labor incorporation of migrants and their children in comparison with the native population and their children. Secondly, we analyzed the forms of incorporation into the different labor segments of Argentine society. The results obtained suggest an incorporation structured by the vectors of gender and generations. The younger generations within the household (daughters and sons of both native and migrant populations) are incorporated into the most precarious segments and in a complementary way, this incorporation interacts with gender. Women who are daughters of migrant households are mostly inserted in the lower segments of the labor structure, while at the other extreme, native men are incorporated in a greater proportion in the higher segments of the labor structure.

O sofrimento emocional de filhos de alcoolistas: uma compreensão psicanalítica Winnicottiana / The emotional distress of the children of persons with alcohol use disorder: a Winnicottian psychoanalytic perspective / El sufrimiento emocional de hijos de alcohólicos: un entendimiento psicoanalítico Winnicottiano

Os filhos de alcoolistas sofrem com os inúmeros dilemas provenientes da relação conturbada com o progenitor, destacando-se a violência doméstica, a desqualificação moral, a insegurança e as dificuldades financeiras. A fim de acessar os sentidos afetivo-emocionais da experiência de ter convivido com um pai alcoolista ao longo da vida, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa psicanalítica. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com 12 filhos adultos, iniciadas por uma Narrativa Interativa (NI), usada como recurso investigativo que visa estabelecer um campo lúdico-ficcional para facilitar as associações livres dos participantes. Foi criada uma NI para este estudo, cuja trama se desenrola em torno da expectativa de um filho que aguarda a chegada do pai alcoolizado, momento em que a trama é interrompida para que o participante complete o seu desfecho. Como procedimento de registro, o pesquisador elaborou Narrativas Transferenciais que descrevem cada encontro e sua tonalidade afetiva. A análise interpretativa do material narrativo resultou em quatro campos de sentidos afetivo-emocionais: "Sua Majestade: o Alcoolista!" que descreve o lugar ocupado pelo pai na cena familiar; "Papai, quem é você?", campo que alude à experiência desorganizadora desencadeada pela imprevisibilidade ambiental; "Só me resta sobreviver!", o qual descreve as estratégias defensivas mobilizadas pelos filhos de alcoolistas; e "Desejo ter nas mãos a minha história!", que alude ao resgate de uma vida autêntica e dotada de sentido. As consequências nefastas do alcoolismo parental para a saúde mental dos filhos foram discutidas à luz da psicanálise winnicottiana, o que revelou um profundo sofrimento emocional que interpela os pesquisadores sobre práticas profissionais afinadas às necessidades dessa população.(AU)

The relationship between a person with alcohol use disorder and their children can be rather troubled in terms of domestic violence, moral disqualification, insecurity, and financial difficulties, leading to multiple dilemmas. This qualitative psychoanalytic research aims to assess the affective-emotional senses arising from the experience of having lived with a father who misuses alcohol. For that, 12 adults underwent individual interviews initiated by an Interactive Narrative (IN) as investigative resource, which established a ludic-fictional field for emotional expression aiming to enable participants' free associations. Through a plot constructed around a son expecting the arrival of a father with hazardous alcohol use, the participant is invited to conclude the IN. As registration procedure, the researcher elaborated transferential narratives describing each encounter and its respective affective tone. From an interpretive analysis, four fields of affective-emotional senses were identified in the narratives: "His Majesty: the Alcoholic!" which describes the place occupied by the father in the family; "Dad, who are you?" which alludes to the disorganizing experience triggered by environmental unpredictability; "Surviving is all I have left!" which describes defensive strategies adopted by interviewers; and "I wish to hold my story on my own hands!" which alludes to the rescue of an authentic and meaningful life. The harmful consequences of parental alcohol abuse for children's mental health were discussed in the light of Winnicottian psychoanalysis, revealing a deep emotional distress that questions researchers about professional practices aimed at this population.(AU)

Lo hijos de alcohólicos sufren con dilemas provenientes de la relación conturbada con el progenitor alcohólico, como la violencia doméstica, la descalificación moral, la inseguridad y las dificultades financieras. Con el propósito de identificar sentidos afectivo-emocionales de la experiencia de haber convivido con un padre alcohólico durante la vida, realizamos una investigación cualitativa psicoanalítica. Se realizaron encuestas individuales a 12 hijos adultos, desencadenadas por una narrativa interactiva (NI), como recurso investigativo que pretende establecer un campo lúdico-ficcional para facilitar las asociaciones libres de los participantes. Se creó una NI para este estudio, cuya trama se desarrolla alrededor de la expectativa de un hijo que espera la llegada de un padre alcohólico, la cual se interrumpe para que el participante complete su desenlace. Como procedimiento de registro, el investigador elaboró narrativas transferenciales que describen cada encuentro y su tono afectivo. El análisis interpretativo del material narrativo dio como resultado cuatro campos de sentido afectivo-emocionales: "¡Su Majestad: el Alcohólico!", describiendo el lugar ocupado por el padre en la familia; "Papá, ¿quién es usted?", aludiendo a la experiencia desorganizadora por la imprevisibilidad del entorno; "¡Solo me queda sobrevivir!", describiendo estrategias defensivas movilizadas por los hijos de alcohólicos; "¡Deseo tener mi historia en las manos!", aludiendo al rescate de una vida auténtica y dotada de sentido. Las consecuencias perjudiciales del alcoholismo de los padres a la salud mental de los hijos se discutieron a la luz del psicoanálisis winnicottiano, lo que demostró un profundo sufrimiento emocional que requiere de los investigadores prácticas profesionales ajustadas a las necesidades de esa población.(AU)

Responsabilidade filial: quais as atitudes dos filhos sobre a institucionalização dos pais idosos? / Responsabilidad filial: ¿cuáles son las actitudes de los hijos sobre la institucionalización de los padres mayores? / Filial responsibility: what are the attitudes of adult child caregivers on the institutionalization of aged parents?

Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar as atitudes de responsabilidade filial sobre a institucionalização dos pais idosos. MÉTODOS Estudo qualitativo com amostra intencional de 100 filhos cuidadores de idosos de duas Unidades de Saúde de Porto Alegre/RS. As informações foram coletadas em 2014, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. A análise baseou-se na análise temática. Foi utilizado o software NVIVO® versão 10. RESULTADOS Elaboraram-se duas categorias de acordo com as questões do protocolo: possibilidade de institucionalização dos pais idosos e expectativa de cuidado. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS A maioria dos filhos cuidadores não considerou a institucionalização dos pais idosos, por julgarem ser um dever deles o cuidado aos pais, e considerarem a institucionalização como abandono. A maioria dos filhos cuidadores possuía expectativa de ser cuidada pelos filhos e percebeu a institucionalização como forma de receber este cuidado. Os resultados do estudo contribuem para o fortalecimento da rede formal e informal ao idoso e seu filho cuidador.

Resumen OBJETIVO Analizar las actitudes de responsabilidad filial sobre la institucionalización de los padres mayores. MÉTODOS Estudio cualitativo con muestra intencional de 100 hijos cuidadores de personas mayores de dos Unidades de Salud de Porto Alegre/RS. Las informaciones se recolectaron en 2014, por medio de entrevista semiestructurada. El análisis se basó en el análisis temático. Se utilizó el software NVIVO®, versión 10. RESULTADOS Se elaboraron dos categorías, según las cuestiones del protocolo: posibilidad de institucionalización de los padres mayores y expectativa del cuidado. CONSIDERACIONES FINALES La mayoría de los hijos cuidadores no consideró la institucionalización de los padres ancianos, por juzgar ser un deber de ellos el cuidado de los padres, y por considerar la institucionalización como abandono. La mayoría de los hijos cuidadores tenía la expectativa de ser cuidada por los hijos y pasó a ver a la institucionalización como una forma de recibir este cuidado. Los resultados del estudio contribuyen al fortalecimiento de la red formal e informal al anciano y su hijo cuidador.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze attitudes of filial responsibility about the institutionalization of aged parents. METHODS A qualitative descriptive study with intentional sample of 100 caregivers of aged people from two Primary Health Care Units of Porto Alegre/Brazil. The information was collected in 2014, through a semi-structured interview. Thematic analysis was carried out. The NVIVO® software version 10 was used. RESULTS Two categories were elaborated according to the protocol questions: the possibility of institutionalization of the aged parents and expectation of care. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS Most adult child caregivers did not consider the institutionalization of aged parents in the reason of a duty they felt to take care of their parents, and the institutionalization was considered as abandonment. Most of the adult child caregivers had an expectation to be cared by their children and perceived the institutionalization as an alternative of receiving this care. The results of the study contribute to the strengthening of the formal and informal network for the aged and their adult child caregiver.

What We Talk about When We Talk about Caregiving: The Distribution of Roles in Cancer Patient Caregiving in a Family-Oriented Culture / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: When it comes to cancer care, the psychological well-being of family caregivers has gotten its deserved attention. However, the specific roles that the family caregivers take have not been examined as much. The current study aimed to investigate the distribution of family caregivers' roles, particularly in a family-oriented culture, Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 439 participants was recruited from 11 national and regional cancer centers in Korea. The participants who were 60 years old or above went through treatments for their gastric, colorectal, or lung cancer. The individual survey included questions regarding the family type, living arrangement, and the sources of support when it comes to their physical, emotional, financial, and decision-making needs. RESULTS: The responses from the participants showed that cancer caregiving is shared by multiple family caregivers; the major source of support for elderly cancer patients on diverse domains was their spouse; patients' reliance on their daughter(s) increased for emotional support; and patients' reliance on their son(s) stood out for financial support and decision-making support. Also, the older the patients were, the heavier their reliance was on the adult children, including sons, daughters, and daughters-in-law. CONCLUSION: Future support programs for elderly cancer patients are suggested to involve multiple family caregivers to encourage effective and efficient intervention. Also, the limitations of the current study and the suggestions for future research are discussed.

An Integrative Literature Review of Resilience in Adult Children of Alcoholics: Focusing on Operational Definitions and Moderators / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to explore operational definitions and moderators of the resilience of adult children of alcoholics (ACOA) and its associated variables. METHODS: This integrative review was conducted based on a literature review method suggested by Whittemore and Knafl. Databases including PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and RISS were searched using the combinations of search terms such as; ‘adult children of alcoholics,’ ‘parental alcoholism,’ ‘resilience,’ and ‘children of alcoholics.’ RESULTS: Seventeen studies were selected for this review. Findings of integrative reviews reported operational definitions for the resilience of ACOA and moderators. The operational definition of ACOA's resilience is: (1) having no behavioral and emotional problem, (2) meeting social and developmental expectancies, (3) having the ability to cope with adversity, (4) having high self-concept, and (5) having a meaningful relationship. In addition, the varying environmental moderators include family communication, qualities of caring environment, parental communication, parentification, and social support. Several moderators were identified as positive effect, self-esteem, alcohol-specific coping style, locus of control, spirituality, the image of God, and dyadic cohesion in marital communication. CONCLUSION: Our study findings emphasize comprehensive understanding of diverse definition of resilience and moderators in developing nursing interventions to promote resilience in ACOA.

Awareness, attitudes and preferences of patients 40 to 59 years of age on advance care planning in a private hospital

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Decisions during medical crisis made by the more-abled family member. More often than not, it is the adult son or daughter who makes it. As such, it creates stress and anxiety in the family who will be left behind.With Advance Care Planning (ACP), symptoms of stress, anxiety and depression are reduced for both the patients and their families.<br /><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> To describe and examine the awareness, preferences and attitudes of in-patients aged 40-59 years old in Rivera Medical Center, Inc. towards advance care planning through the Advance Care Planning Questions (ACPQ).<br /><strong>METHODS:</strong> Descriptive,correlational, cross-sectional study design was used. Necessary permissions were obtained. The modified questionnaire underwent validity prior to the actual application. Coding was done in Microsoft Excel while the statistical analyses were made using SPSS.<br /><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The ACPQ Cebuano version has good reliability (Cronbach's a=0.71-0.92). Participants were 49 years old (±5.5), mostly female (62%), married (74%), Cebuano/Visayan (82%), at high school level (48%), Christian of Catholic (98%), regular employees (42%), earning less than Php 10,000 a month (36%), living with their spouse and children (66%), having hypertension (44%) or diabetes mellitus (22%), and in "good" health despite the current hospitalization (60%). Majority have limited awareness of ACP (14-22%) but were willing to discuss and learn about ACP (70%). Awareness, attitudes and preferences towards ACP can be greatly influenced by the doctors.<br /><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Limited public understanding and awareness cause the negative reception and slow progress of ACP in the Philippines. The unconscious fear of death accounts for the unease and hesitance whenever the topic on death surfaces, impeding acceptance of ACP. The doctor, being the preferred decision-maker, should therefore be competent enough to help the family understand and cause a positive attitude towards ACP.</p>

Percepção dos familiares acerca do grupo de apoio realizado em uma unidade de internação psiquiátrica / Percepción de los familiares acerca del grupo de apoyo realizado en una unidad de internación psiquiátrica / Perception of family members regarding the support group conducted in a psychiatric intervention ward

Resumo OBJETIVO Objetiva analisar a percepção de familiares de pacientes com sofrimento psíquico acerca do grupo de apoio em uma internação psiquiátrica. MÉTODO Pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, exploratória, descritiva, realizada em hospital geral do Rio Grande do Sul com dez familiares que participavam de grupo de apoio semanal. A coleta de dados ocorreu no mês de outubro de 2016 através de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Empregou-se a análise de conteúdo temática para tratamento dos dados, na qual emergiu a categoria: Percepção dos familiares sobre o grupo de apoio. RESULTADOS Os familiares percebiam o grupo como um espaço de apoio e fortalecimento, de escuta e trocas entre os integrantes, de informação sobre a doença e tratamento e de segurança e inserção da família no tratamento. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS Portanto, o grupo de apoio pode ser entendido como uma ação estratégica de cuidado ao familiar, repercutindo na sua vida e no tratamento de quem está internado.

Resumen OBJETIVO Analizar la percepción de familiares de pacientes con trastorno mental acerca del grupo de apoyo en una internación psiquiátrica. MÉTODO Investigación con abordaje cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo, realizada en el hospital General de Rio Grande do Sul, con diez familiares que participaban en un grupo de apoyo semanal. La recolección de datos ocurrió en el mes de octubre de 2016 por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se empleó al análisis temático de contenido para tratar a los datos, y emergió la categoría: Percepción de los familiares sobre el grupo de apoyo. RESULTADOS Los familiares perciben al grupo como un espacio de apoyo y fortalecimiento, de escucha e intercambios entre los integrantes, de información sobre la enfermedad y tratamiento, y de seguridad e inserción de la familia en el tratamiento. CONSIDERACIONES Finales El grupo de apoyo puede ser entendido como una acción estratégica de cuidado al familiar, repercutiendo en su vida y en el tratamiento de quien está internado.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the perception of relatives of patients with mental disorders about the support group in a psychiatric hospitalization ward. METHOD This is a research with a qualitative, exploratory an descriptive approach, performed at a General Hospital in Rio Grande do Sul with ten relatives of patients who had been participating in a weekly support group. Data collection took place in October 2016, through semi-structured interviews. A thematic content analysis was used for the treatment of data, whence emerged the category: Perception of family members about the support group. RESULTS The relatives perceive the group as a space that gives them strength and support, allowing for listening and experience exchange among its members, giving information on the disease and treatment, safety, and inserting the family in the treatment. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS The support group can be understood as a strategic action of caring for the family, affecting their lives and the treatment of those who are hospitalized.

Influence of Offspring on Self-Rated Health among Older Adults: Evidence from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006–2012) / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: We investigated whether offspring protect or jeopardize in parents. METHODS: We used data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging and performed a longitudinal analysis of 10,236 individuals at baseline (2006) to estimate the association between offspring-related factors and self-rated health among individuals ≥45 years of age. RESULTS: The estimate for self-rated health was 0.612 times lower (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.503–0.746; P < 0.0001) for those with zero offspring. The estimate for self-rated health was 0.736 (95% CI, 0.635–0.853; P < 0.0001) for those with five offspring or more. The estimate for self-rated health was 0.707 (95% CI, 0.528–0.947; P=0.020) for males with zero offspring. The estimate for self-rated health was 0.563 (95% CI, 0.422–0.751; P < 0.001) for females with no offspring and for females with five or more offspring. The estimate for self-rated health was 0.686 times lower (95% CI, 0.573–0.822; P < 0.0001) for those with five or more offspring compared to females with two offspring. CONCLUSION: Those with more offspring (≥5) and those with no offspring tended to have an increased probability of low self-rated health. Overall, our results suggest that offspring have a significant positive effect on self-rated health, which was evident graphically as an inverted U-shape.

Casamento dos pais e conjugalidade dos filhos: do modelo tradicional ao contemporâneo / The marriage of parents and the conjugality of children: from the traditional model to the contemporary model

O objetivo deste estudo é compreender a relação existente entre o casamento dos pais e o casamento dos filhos, a partir da percepção destes. Realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa da qual participaram 50 sujeitos independentes (membros de casais distintos), de ambos os sexos, casados. Como instrumento de coleta de dados, foi utilizada a questão discursiva do Questionário sobre a Conjugalidade dos Pais. As respostas foram analisadas pelo método de análise de conteúdo e delas emergiu a categoria casamento no modelo tradicional e no modelo contemporâneo, desdobrada em duas subcategorias: diferenças em relação ao casamento dos pais e semelhanças em relação ao casamento dos pais. Observamos que, tanto para as mulheres como para os homens, o casamento dos pais é visto como modelo de conjugalidade. Todavia, os participantes apontaram mais diferenças do que similaridades entre os casamentos das duas gerações e os filhos ressaltaram a busca pela abertura para o diálogo nas suas próprias relações conjugais.(AU)

The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between the parents' marriage and the children's marriage, based on their perception of the latter. We conducted a qualitative research in which 50 independent subjects (members of distinct marriages), from both genders, married. In order to collect data, the discursive question of the Questionnaire on the Conjugality of the Parents (QCP) was used. The answers were analyzed by the content analysis method and from them, the category marriage in the traditional model and in the contemporary model, unfolded in two subcategories: differences in relation to the parents' marriage and similarities in relation to the parents' marriage emerged. We verified that, for both women and men, parental marriage is seen as a model of conjugality. However, participants pointed out more differences than similarities between the two generations' marriages and the children emphasized the search for openness to dialogue in their own marital relationships.(AU)

Obesity, physical activity and prediabetes in adult children of people with diabetes / Obesidade, atividade física e pré-diabetes em filhos de pessoas com diabetes / Obesidad, actividad física y prediabetes en hijos de personas con diabetes

ABSTRACT Objectives: Determine prevalence of obesity / overweight, physical activity (PA) and prediabetes in adult children of parents with type 2 diabetes; identify differences according to sociodemographic variables, and describe the relationship of obesity/overweight with fasting glucose (FG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C). Methods: Cross-sectional study in 30 Mexican families with 53 participating adult children. Obesity / overweight was determined with Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC) and body fat percentage (BFP); PA with the short International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and prediabetes with FG. Results: 64% of participants presented obesity / overweight, 32% low PA, and 19% prediabetes. Men had higher WC than women (U= 219, p= 0.03). Women showed more BFP than men (U= 142, p <0.01). Blood glucose was related to BFP (rs= 0.336, p < 0.05), the A1C with the BMI (rs= 0.417, p <0.01), WC (rs= 0.394, p<0.01), BFP (rs= 0.494, p<0.01) and intense PA (rs= - 0.285, p<0.05). Conclusions: High prevalence of obesity / overweight and low PA were found. The FG was related only to BFP and A1C, in addition to BMI, WC and inversely with intense BP. It is recommended to modify the educational strategies of nursing at a family level.

RESUMO Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência de obesidade/sobrepeso, atividade física (AF) e pré-diabetes em filhos de pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2; identificar diferenças de acordo com variáveis sociodemográficas e descrever a relação de obesidade/sobrepeso com a glicose em jejum (GJ) e a hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c). Métodos: Estudo transversal em 30 famílias mexicanas com 53 filhos participantes. A obesidade/sobrepeso foi determinada por meio do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), Circunferência da Cintura (CC) e percentual de gordura corporal (GC); a AF com o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física curto (IPAQ) e pré-diabetes com a GJ. Resultados: 64% dos participantes apresentaram obesidade/sobrepeso, 32% baixa AF e 19% pré-diabetes. Os homens tiveram maior CC do que as mulheres (U= 219, p= 0.03). As mulheres mostraram mais GC do que os homens (U= 142, p <0.01). A glicose sanguínea esteve relacionada com a GC (rs= 0.336, p < 0.05), a HbA1c com o IMC (rs= 0.417, p <0.01), CC (rs= 0.394, p<0.01), GC (rs= 0.494, p<0.01) e AF intensa (rs= - 0.285, p<0.05). Conclusões: Foram encontradas altas prevalências de obesidade/sobrepeso e baixa AF. A GJ esteve relacionada somente com a GC e a HbA1c, além da GC, teve relação com o IMC, CC e de maneira inversa com a AF intensa. Recomenda-se modificar as estratégias educativas de enfermagem a nível familiar.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Determinar prevalencia de obesidad/sobrepeso, actividad física (AF) y prediabetes en hijos de personas con diabetes tipo 2; identificar diferencias de acuerdo a variables sociodemográficas y describir la relación de obesidad/sobrepeso con glucosa en ayuno (GA) y hemoglobina glucosilada (A1c). Métodos: Estudio transversal en 30 familias mexicanas con 53 hijos participantes. La obesidad/sobrepeso se determinó con Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), Circunferencia de Cintura (CC) y porcentaje de grasa corporal (GC); la AF con el cuestionario IPAQ corto y prediabetes con GA. Resultados: 64% de los participantes presentó obesidad/sobrepeso, 32% baja AF y 19% prediabetes. Los hombres tuvieron mayor CC que las mujeres (U= 219, p= 0.03). Las mujeres mostraron más GC que los hombres (U= 142, p <0.01). La glucosa sanguínea estuvo relacionada con la GC (rs= 0.336, p < 0.05), la A1c con el IMC (rs= 0.417, p <0.01), CC (rs= 0.394, p<0.01), GC (rs= 0.494, p<0.01) y AF intensa (rs= - 0.285, p<0.05). Conclusiones: Se encontraron altas prevalencias de obesidad/sobrepeso y baja AF. La GA estuvo relacionada sólo con GC y la A1c además con el IMC, CC y de manera inversa con la AF intensa. Se recomienda modificar las estrategias educativas de enfermería a nivel familiar.

Increased Levels of C1q in the Prefrontal Cortex of Adult Offspring after Maternal Immune Activation: Prevention by 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone

OBJECTIVE: Prenatal infection is implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia. The objective of this paper is to study the role of complement protein C1q in the psychosis of adult offspring after maternal immune activation (MIA). In addition, effect of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF: a tropomyosin receptor kinase B [TrkB] agonist) was also examined. METHODS: Western blot analysis of C1q in the brain regions from adult offspring after prenatal poly(I:C) (5.0 mg/kg/day from E12 to E17) exposure was performed. 7,8-DHF or vehicle was given from 4 to 8-weeks old. RESULTS: Expression of C1q in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of adult offspring from poly(I:C)-treated pregnant mice was significantly higher than that of control group. Early treatment with 7,8-DHF during juvenile and adolescent stages could prevent an increase of C1q in the PFC of adult offspring after MIA. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it is likely that increased C1q expression in the frontal cortex may play a role in the behavioral abnormalities of adult offspring after MIA. Furthermore, supplementation with a TrkB agonist such as 7,8-DHF during the prodromal stage may have prophylactic effects on the behavioral abnormalities after MIA.

Lived Experience of the Mother's Caring of Adult Children with Persistent Vegetative State

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to deepen understanding the nature of the care experience by the mothers with adult children in persistent vegetative state. METHODS: Participants were 7 mothers caring for their adult children in persistent vegetative state. Data were collected individually through in-depth interviews on their lived experiences. Also texts were included as data from literary works, novels, movies, essays, and arts containing on patients with persistent vegetative state and their mothers. Data were analyzed by van Manen's phenomenological methodology. RESULTS: The essential themes of caring experiences of the mothers were as follows. The theme in relation to lived time has shown as back to the past and caring experience related lived body has emerged as locked the body in children. The theme related lived space was getting into the swamp and the theme in lived others was derived as lonely struggle into. CONCLUSION: The nature of mothers' caring experiences for adult children in persistent vegetative state is summarized as ‘Do not off hand of hope in a locked state’. This study suggests long-term supports are necessary for mothers to care persistent vegetative state children.

Experiencias de haber crecido con un padre/madre con trastorno mental severo (TMS) / Experiences of growing up with a parent with serious mental illness (SMI)

Introduction: The experience of living with people who present a Severe Mental Disorder (SMD) is hard for the families, especially for children who have been less studied. This research was aimed to know how the experience of having lived with a parent with severe mental disorder influenced on childhood, adolescence and young adulthood of their children. Method: The experience of coexistence with a parent with SMD in 10 children (6 men and 4 women) aged between 18 and 29 years was analyzed through individual semi-structured interviews and a group interview. The sample was obtained by convenience and all participants lived at least two continuous years during their childhood with a parent who presented SMD. Regarding the diagnoses, four parents suffered schizophrenia and six, bipolar disorder. The study is qualitative, exploratory and of descriptive type. An analysis of content and thematic of the corpuses was performed. Results: Show that by coexisting with a parent with SMD have negative as well as positive consequences. Among the negative consequences the following can be mentioned: distressing feelings, family burden and the delay of stages in the vital cycle. On the other hand, the positive consequences are related to the development of strengths in the offspring. Conclusions: These findings may provide inputs to be focused on the work with children of people affected by SMD.

Introducción. La experiencia de vivir con personas que presentan un Trastorno Mental Severo (TMS) es difícil para las familias, en especial para los hijos quienes han sido poco estudiados. El objetivo de la investigación fue conocer cómo la experiencia de haber vivido con un padre o madre con un trastorno mental severo influyó en la infancia, adolescencia y adultez joven de sus hijos e hijas. Método. Se analizan las experiencias de convivencia con un padre/madre con TMS en 10 hijos (6 hombres y 4 mujeres) de entre 18 y 29 años, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas individuales y una entrevista grupal. La muestra se obtuvo por conveniencia y todos los participantes vivieron al menos dos años seguidos durante su niñez con un padre o madre que presentaba un TMS. Respecto a los diagnósticos, cuatro progenitores tenían esquizofrenia y seis trastornos bipolares. El estudio es cualitativo, exploratorio, de tipo descriptivo. Se realizó un análisis de contenido y temático de los corpus. Resultados. Muestran que convivir con padre/madre con TMS tiene consecuencias negativas y positivas, entre las primeras están: sentimientos aflictivos, carga familiar y el retraso de etapas del ciclo vital, en tanto las segundas se refieren al desarrollo de fortalezas en los descendientes. Conclusiones. Estos hallazgos pueden entregar insumos para focalizar el trabajo con los hijos e hijas de personas con TMS.

Moderating Effects of Optimism and Family Support on the Depression of Family Caregivers of Cancer Patients

BACKGROUND: This study examined moderating effects of optimism and family support on the depression of family caregivers of cancer patients aged 55 and over by adopting stress process model. METHODS: 359 family caregivers who accompanied with cancer patients to out-patient clinics were recruited and completed questionnaire at three university hospitals located in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to test validity of the construction of the scale. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to determine moderating effects of optimism and family support on depression after making mean centering of each variable. RESULTS: Results showed that spouse caregivers have more depression than do adult children as the nursing period gets longer. Education and income status were significant variables affecting depression of family caregivers. Optimism and family support for family caregivers have moderating effects on the association between stressors (emotional functioning of cancer patients and role overload of family caregivers) and depression of family caregivers. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that more attentions are needed to the depression of spouse caregivers. Interventions are strongly recommended for health professionals to provide cancer patients and their family caregivers with "holding environments" caring for emotions and facilitating adjustment.

Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Helicopter Parenting Scale

PURPOSE: Helicopter parenting is emerging in parenting as a way of rearing adolescents and adult children. The aims of this study were to develop a Korean version of the Helicopter Parenting and Autonomy Supportive Behaviors Scale (HPASB). METHODS: The HPASB questionnaire items were translated into Korean and reviewed by experts and Content Validity Index (CVI) in a preliminary study with 10 university students. During September and October, 2014 data were collected from 229 nursing students from five different universities in different locations. For data analysis, SPSS 21.0 statistics which included exploratory factor analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA were utilized. RESULTS: Content validity was over CVI .8. The 6 factors of K-HPASB were extracted and accounted for 59.30% of variance. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .71 indicating high reliability. CONCLUSION: The Korean version of the HPASB was identified as a scale with a high degree of validity and reliability. The results of this study provide a valuable scale which can be useful in the study of parenting as a way of rearing adolescents and adult children in Korea. To enhance the positive aspect of helicopter parenting, we suggest the development of intervention programs on parenting.

A ausência física e afetiva do pai na percepção dos filhos adultos / The father's physical and emotional absence in the perception of adult offspring

A ausência paterna na vida adulta é pouco estudada no contexto nacional, embora repercuta no desenvolvimento afetivo, cognitivo e social desde a infância. Neste sentido, buscou-se investigar a ausência paterna para além da infância e adolescência, na percepção de filhos adultos, identificando sentimentos e vivências acerca dessa condição no momento de vida atual. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, com quatro adultos, entre 25 a 40 anos, pacientes de psicólogos da serra gaúcha. Todos tinham em comum a percepção de ausência paterna, seja física ou afetiva. Foram utilizados um questionário de dados sociodemográficos e uma entrevista semiestruturada, e a análise qualitativa de conteúdo para a discussão dos dados. Dentre os principais resultados destaca-se o impacto do distanciamento, seja físico e/ou afetivo, refletido em sentimentos de desvalorização, abandono, solidão, insegurança, baixa autoestima e dificuldades de relacionamento que começam a ser percebidos na infância e interferem no desenvolvimento até a idade adulta.(AU)

Paternal absence is a subject not well known in the national academic scope, despite influencing affective, cognitive and social development since the childhood. Thus, this work investigates the paternal’s absence beyond childhood and adolescence, addressing adults offspring’s perception about this aspect, identifying their feelings and experiences on this condition nowadays. It was a qualitative study of exploratory nature, with four adults ranging 25 to 40 years old, patients of psychologists who work in a psychology clinic, located in South area. All of them had have in common the perception of paternal absence, with origin both physical and emotional, as something that continues to bring repercussion in adulthood. Was used a demographics data questionnaire and semi-structured interview for data collect. The qualitative analysis was used for the discussion of results. To this, a literature review was conducted regarding the paternal absence during the development of children and adolescents in order to better understand the topic. Among the main results, it is highlighted the impact of this distance, being it physical and/or emotional, reflected in feelings of devaluation, abandonment, loneliness, insecurity, low self-esteem and difficulties in relationships which begin to be perceived in childhood and continue interfering in the development trajectory in the adulthood.(AU)

A review on the evidence of transgenerational transmission of posttraumatic stress disorder vulnerability

Objective: To understand the risks of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) development in the next generation of PTSD patients, we conducted a review on the biological, but not genetic, evidence of transgenerational transmission of PTSD vulnerability. Methods: Pertinent articles published from 1985 to September 2011 were searched using online academic search engines, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, OVID, PsycLIT, and SCOPUS, and a non-systematic review was conducted. Results: There is paradoxical evidence that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis changes in PTSD patients may also be evident in their offspring. This effect and biological vulnerability to PTSD may be transmitted across generations through maternal epigenetic programming during pregnancy. The samples of most studies, which were not large enough and represented the outcome of few research groups, consisted of a specific type of patients with a particular trauma. Conclusions: There is still a need to conduct studies in other geographical areas with different genetic background and larger samples considering different types of trauma other than those specified in the current literature, so as to strengthen the evidence of transgenerational transmission of PTSD vulnerability. .

Impact of Parents' Problematic Drinking on the Problematic Drinking of Their Collegiate Children: Mediating Effects of Alcohol Outcome Expectancy and Depression / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of alcohol outcome expectancy and depression on the relation between parents' problematic drinking and their collegiate children's problematic drinking. METHODS: This study was conducted using a descriptive survey design. Subjects were 342 university students from three universities in Gwangju city and Jeollanamdo. Data were collected from November to December 2013 using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0. RESULTS: Of the participants, 31.0% were in the adult children of alcoholics (ACOA) group. The ACOA group scored significantly higher on problem drinking, alcohol outcome expectancy, and depression measures than did the non-ACOA group. There were significant positive correlations between parent problematic drinking and university students' alcohol outcome expectancy, depression and, problematic drinking. It was also found that alcohol outcome expectancy partially mediated the relationship between parent problematic drinking and their children's problematic drinking. This was not found for depression. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the present findings, nursing interventions should be developed to decrease alcohol outcome expectancy, with additional consideration regarding depression, in order to prevent problematic drinking among ACOA.