Post-surgical resection prognostic value of combined OPN, MMP7, and PSG9 plasma biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma / 医学前沿

Biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following curative resection are not currently sufficient for prognostic indication of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic performance of osteopontin (OPN), matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7), and pregnancy specific glycoprotein 9 (PSG9) in patients with HCC. A total of 179 prospective patients with HCC provided plasma before hepatectomy. Plasma OPN, MMP7, and PSG9 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlations between plasma levels, clinical parameters, and outcomes (OS and DFS) were overall analyzed. High OPN ( ⩾ 149.97 ng/mL), MMP7 ( ⩾ 2.28 ng/mL), and PSG9 ( ⩾ 45.59 ng/mL) were prognostic indicators of reduced OS (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.007, respectively). Plasma PSG9 protein level was an independent factor in predicting OS (P = 0.008) and DFS (P = 0.038). Plasma OPN + MMP7 + PSG9 elevation in combination was a prognostic factor for OS (P < 0.001). OPN was demonstrated to be a risk factorassociated OS in stage I patients with HCC and patients with low α-fetoprotein levels ( < 20 ng/mL). These findings suggested that OPN, MMP7, PSG9 and their combined panels may be useful for aiding in tumor recurrence and mortality risk prediction of patients with HCC, particularly in the early stage of HCC carcinogenesis.

Transcription and regulation of hepatitis B virus genes in host sperm cells / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

To investigate whether transcription of hepatitis B virus (HBV) gene occurs in human sperm, total RNA was extracted from sperm of patients with chronic HBV infection (test-1), from donor sperm transfected with a plasmid containing the full-length HBV genome (test-2), and from nontransfected donor sperm (control), used as the template for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Positive bands for HBV DNA were observed in the test groups but not in the control. Next, to identify the role of host genes in regulating viral gene transcription in sperm, total RNA was extracted from 2-cell embryos derived from hamster oocytes fertilized in vitro by HBV-transfected (test) or nontransfected (control) human sperm and successively subjected to SMART-PCR, suppression subtractive hybridization, T/A cloning, bacterial amplification, microarray hybridization, sequencing and the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) search to isolate differentially expressed genes. Twenty-nine sequences showing significant identity to five human gene families were identified, with chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2 (CSH2), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 2 (EIF4G2), pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase 2 (PCBD2), pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 4 (PSG4) and titin (TTN) selected to represent target genes. Using real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), when CSH2 and PCBD2 (or EIF4G2, PSG4 and TTN) were silenced by RNA interference, transcriptional levels of HBV s and x genes significantly decreased (or increased) (P < 0.05). Silencing of a control gene in sperm did not significantly change transcription of HBV s and x genes (P > 0.05). This study provides the first experimental evidence that transcription of HBV genes occurs in human sperm and is regulated by host genes.

Genetic variants associated with addictive behavior in Colombianaddicted and non-addicted to heroin or cocaine / Variantes genéticas asociadas con conducta adictiva en colombianos adictos y no adictos a heroína o cocaína

Objective:Determine the prevalence and compare somegenetic markers involved in addictive behavior in a groupof addicts to derivative of coca (cocaine/crack) or heroinand a control group of non-addicted people matched forgender, age and ethnicity.Methods:A 120 addicts and 120 non-addicts Colombianmale were surveyed and genotyped for 18 polymorphismof the OPRM1, DRD2, DRD4, SLC6A3, SLC6A4, ABCB1,DβH and CYP2B6 genes. For the identification of allelesmarkers were used mini-sequencing and fragment multi-plex PCR techniques; ethnicity of cases and controls wasanalyzed with 61 AIMs.Results:The age of onset use of heroin or coca derivati-ves (cocaine/crack) was 16,5±6 years and 99,2 percent of themconsume several illicit drugs. It showed that controlsand addicts belong to the same ethnic group. Significantdifferences between addicts and controls in relation toschooling, marital status, social security family historyof substance abuse (p<0,001), Int8-VNTR SLC6A3 gene(p=0,015) and SNP 3435C>T ABCB1 gene (p=0,001) werefound.Conclusion:The present results indicate that the VNTR-6R polymorphism of the gene SLC6A3 and the genoty-pe 3435CC in the ABCB1 gene, are both associated withaddictive behavior to heroin or cocaine.

Eventos adversos com o uso e Beta1, 3-D-Glucana em crianças asmáticas / Adverse events due to Beta 1, 3-D-Glucan in asthmatic children

Introdução: A Glucana é um polissacarídeo extraído de uma levedura Saccharomyces cerevisae, que por apresentar possível ação imunomoduladora pode ter papel favorável na asma, mas faz-se necessário demonstrar a sua segurança. Objetivo: Verificar a segurança e a freqüência de eventos adversos com glucana. Pacientes e Métodos: Ensaio clínico aberto, exploratório, com acompanhamento de 18 pacientes pediátricos, com asma persistente leve ou moderada onde glucana foi utilizada pelo período de dois meses por via subcutânea e acompanhamento dos pacientes por 30 dias após o término da medicação. O cálculo amostral foi baseado na prevalência tolerável estimada no risco de ocorrência de abscessos com aplicações repetidas do produto. Para detectar qualquer evento adverso nos pacientes asmáticos foi medido o pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE) diário e para analisar esta variável foi utilizado o teste não paramétrico de Friedman com nível de significância de 5 per cent. Resultados: Nenhum paciente apresentou qualquer evento adverso sério que obrigasse a suspensão do tratamento nem a formação de abscesso no local de aplicação. Dor no local da aplicação e formação de nódulos, febre, mialgias e cefaléia ocorreram em alguns pacientes, mas foram leves e transitórias. Em relação ao PFE houve tendência a incremento após o uso da medicação (p= 0,051). Discussão: A glucana, quando corretamente aplicada tem se mostrado um medicamento seguro. O incremento observado na medida do PEF pode sugerir um efeito superior ao do placebo, mas isso precisa ser melhor e especificamente estudado.

Introduction: Glucan is a polysaccharide extracted from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae that, by a putative immunomodulatory action, can have a favorable role in asthma treatment, but information concerning its safety is needed. Objective: to evaluate safety and frequency of adverse events after glucan subcutaneous administration. Subjects and Methods: In an open label exploratory clinical trial 0.5mg (0.25ml) of glucan subcutaneous weekly injections were given to 18 asthmatic children with mild ar moderate persistent asthma for 4 weeks, than every 2 weeks for another month with a follow-up period of 4 weeks. Adverse events were c1inically evaluated and by diary peak expiratory flow (PEF) which was analyzed by Friedman test with a 5 per cent significance leveI. Sample size was calculated taking into account a possible 5 per cent risk of arm abscess formation. Results: There were no arm abscess or serious adverse events that determined drug administration interruption. Pain at injection site and nodule formation, headache, myalgias and fever were uncommon and transitory. There was a tendency to an increase in PEF after the last medication week compared to basal leveis (p = 0.051). Discussion: Glucan, when adequately given was shown to be a safe medication in this short term study. The increase in PEF suggests a possible effect that has to be better and specifically evaluated. .

Rol de las citoquinas en la patogenia de la preeclampsia-eclampsia / Role of cytokines in the pathogeny of preeclampsia-eclampsia

La preeclampsia-eclampsia (PEE) es un síndrome de carácter sistémico caracterizado por la presencia de hipertensión durante la gestación asociado a otros signos; constituye una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad materna y perinatal. Aunque el conocimiento de su patogenia es aún incompleto, las citoquinas parecen desempeñar un rol importante en las alteraciones patogénicas del síndrome. Se realizó una revisión documental de artículos presentes en bases de datos bibliográficas que caracterizaran diferentes aspectos de las citoquinas y su relación con los eventos patogénicos presentes en la PEE. Se concluye que las citoquinas están involucradas en la patogenia de la enfermedad en diferentes momentos: regulando el desarrollo del trofoblasto y contribuyendo a la disfunción endotelial característica de la PEE.

Preeclampsia-eclampsia (PEE), a systemic syndrome which features new onset hypertension during pregnancy, associated to other signs, represents one of the most important causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aetiology of the disorder is still poorly understood, but cytokines seem to play a key role in the pathogenesis of PEE. This is a review of some of the articles published in the literature regarding the role of cytoquines in the pathogenesis of PEE, and their relation with some of the most importat events of the disorder. Cytoquines are related with the onset of PEE in different moments throughout pregnancy, most importantly in the regulation of trophoblastic tissue and endothelial disorder.

Estudio anatomopatológico de un caso de mola parcial / Anathomopathologycal study of a parcial molar case

Se realizó el estudio de un feto masculino y su placenta, producto de una paciente de 38 años y 24 semanas de gestación. El feto mostró retraso en el crecimiento intrauterino. La placenta presentó macroscópicamente una zona normal y otra en forma de "racimos de uvas". El estudio histopatológico de las vesículas molares presentó: cambios hidrópicos de las vellosidades, ausencia de capilares, inclusiones trofoblásticas en el estroma, vellosidades de bordes festoneados e hiperplasia trofoblástica moderada. La degeneración hidrópica de las vellosidades coriales y la hipertrofia trofoblástica moderada observadaen las vesículas molares, es típica de la mola parcial

Enfermedad trofoblastica gestacional "Metastasis retrograda" a proposito de un caso / Mucopolicasacaridosis type II (Syndrome of Hunter) with regard to a case

El estudio, clínico laboratorial e histopatológico de una lesión vaginal con características macroscópicas de un hematoma nos permitio hacer el diagnostico retrospectivo de un carcinoma metástico precedido de un embarazo y parto a termino, en una paciente histerectomizada.

Asociación entre anticardiolipina y anti ß2 / Association between anticardiolipina and anti ß2 Glycoprotein I with preeclampsia before 35 weeks of pregnancy

Objetivo: Explorar la asociación entre las inmunoglobulinas G anticardiolipina (AC) y anti ß2 glicoproteina I (AßGPI) con preclampsia (PE) y sus complicaciones antes de las 35 semanas de gestación. Metodología: Estudio prosprectivo descriptivo de casos (55 preeclámpticas) y controles (55 gestantes no preeclámpticas) con menos de 35 semanas de gestación, de los hospitales Universitario San Vicente de Paúl y General de Medellín, entre 1º de septiembre de 1999 y 1º de septiembre 2000. Resultados: El análisis de las variables sobre las características generales de los casos y controles no reveló diferencias significativas. Un caso (1.8 por ciento) resultó positivo para Aß1GPI vs 5/54 controles (9.2 por ciento) (P=0.09 ns). Se presentaron 7/55 casos positivos para AC(12.7 por ciento) (interpretada según recomendación de la casa fabricante) vs 11/54 controles (20.3 por ciento) (P-0.47 ns). Cuando se interpretó el resultado de AC siguiendo la recomendación internacional (AC), se encontraron 24/55 casos positivos (43.6 por ciento) vs 30/54 controles (55.5 por ciento) (p-048 ns). En cuanto a las complicaciones, se presentaron 25 casos de RCIU (45.4 por ciento) sin asociación con Aß2GPI ni con AC interpretada por cualquiera de los dos métodos. Catorce casos (25.6 por ciento) tuvieron otras complicaciones atribuibles a la PE (HELLP, abrupcio, edema pulmonar, etc.) sin asociación con los anticuerps estudiados. Ninguno de los controles presentó preeclampsia y sólo uno de los positivos se complicó con tromboembolismo pulmonar pero se demostró estenosis mitral asociada. Conclusión: No hay asociación entre las preeclampsia que se inicia antes de las 35 semanas y sus complicaciones con Aß2GPI ni con AC

Identificación celular en la placa basal de placenta humana / Cellular identification in the basal plate of human placenta

Exponer la superficie de células trofoblásticas y deciduales para su identificación en la placa basal de placenta humana a término. Se trataron especímenes con las técnicas convencionales de microscopía electrónica de barrido. Las muestras, una vez deseadas en el desecador a punto crítico, fueron micromanipuladas y evaluadas hasta la obtención de superficie que fueron comparadas con imágenes de microspía electrónica de transmisión de estuduios previamente realizados. Centro de Investigación y Análisis Docente Asistencial del Núcleo Aragua. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Carabobo. Maracay, Estado Aragua. Las menbranas trofoblásticas exhiben microvellosidades irregulares, pliegues, elevaciones y depresiones o forman pequeñas burbujas o vejigas intercaladas en regiones lisas. Las de células deciduales presentaron prolongaciones pedunculares en forma de mazo. Esta nueva visión tridimensional demuestra las membranas de ambos tipos celulares en su relación con la matriz extracelular. Consideraciones sobre los mecanismos fisilógicos de interacción con ella, son descritas en referencia a procesos de interés clínico durante el embarazo

Effect of low-dose triphasic and biphasic oral contraceptive preparation of alpha-fetoprotein[AFP] and pregnancy B1 glycoprotein [SP1]

50 women in productive age was included in this study with aim of comparative study on alpha-fetoprotein and pregnancy specific B[1]-glycoprotein level in two group of women receiving two types of oral contraceptive pills, [Nordette and Trivolar] after six month of pill intake. The serum is withdraw from women after overnight fasting and allowed to clot at 37°C, the retracted clot is removed and centrifugation at room temperature, the serum was stored in deep freez at-4°C until use. Enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent Assay [ELISA] used for determination of AFP and SP[1] Enzgnast AFP Hoechest [1982] and Enzognast SP[1] Hoechest [1982] and both are measured photometrically at wave length [492 nm]. The serum AFP after six month of pill intake in Nordette group was 4.92 +/- 1.08 Iu/ml] these level was significantly increased. [P < 0.001] as compared to control group, [3.02 +/- 1.06 Iu/ml]. But in Trivolar group, the serum AFP was [3.11 +/- 1.35 Iu/m], statistically significant decrease if it is compared to Nordette group [P < 0.001] and insignificant if it is compared to control group. The serum level of SP[1] in study group [Nordett and Triovlar] was 0.62 +/- 2.8 and 0.56 +/- 0.26 ug/l respectively this figures was insignificant if it is compared to control group

Correlación anatomoclínica de la enfermedad trofoblastica 1988-1991 / Anatomoclinic correlation of trophoblastic diseasse

Se estudiaron 50 casos de enfermedad trofoblastica, analizando cada caso en forma individual, según edad, paridad, procedencia, sintomás, diagnóstico, resolución del cuadro control y clasificación. Con una frecuencia del 56 se presento en pacientes cuyas edades oscilan entre 15 y 25 años. En el 94 procedian del area sub urbana y rural, solo en el 6 eran del area urbana. De acuerdo a la edad gestacional el 86, correspondio a mas de 11 semanas de gestación. El sangrado genital y el dolor abdominal se presento en el 100 de las pacientes. En el 50 de los casos se resolvieron por inductoconducción y legrado. De acuerdo al diagnóstico histopatológico en el 72 correspondio a Mola Hidatiforme, en el 4 a Coriocarcinoma, el resto no tenia este examén.