Effect of hormone replacement on exercise cardiopulmonary reserve and recovery performance in subclinical hypothyroidism

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) patients present cardiopulmonary, vascular and muscle dysfunction, but there is no consensus about the benefits of levothyroxine (L-T4) intervention on cardiopulmonary performance during exercise. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of L-T4 on cardiopulmonary exercise reserve and recovery in SH patients. Twenty-three SH women, 44 (40-50) years old, were submitted to two ergospirometry tests, with an interval of 6 months of normalization of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (L-T4 replacement group) or simple observation (TSH = 6.90 μIU/mL; L-T4 = 1.02 ng/dL). Patients with TSH >10 μIU/mL were excluded from the study to assure that they would receive treatment in this later stage of SH. Twenty 30- to 57-year-old women with no thyroid dysfunction (TSH = 1.38 μIU/mL; L-T4 = 1.18 ng/dL) were also evaluated. At baseline, lower values of gas exchange ratio reserve (0.24 vs 0.30; P < 0.05) were found for SH patients. The treated group presented greater variation than the untreated group for pulmonary ventilation reserve (20.45 to 21.60 L/min; median variation = 5.2 vs 25.09 to 22.45 L/min; median variation = -4.75, respectively) and for gas exchange ratio reserve (0.19 to 0.27; median variation = 0.06 vs 0.28 to 0.18; median variation = -0.08, respectively). There were no relevant differences in cardiopulmonary recovery for either group at baseline or after follow-up. In the sample studied, L-T4 replacement improved exercise cardiopulmonary reserve, but no modification was found in recovery performance after exercise during this period of analysis.

Estudio del efecto de las variaciones de la presión positiva espiratoria Final en el daño pulmonar inducido por barotrauma en un modelo de pulmones de conejo aislados y perfundidos / Effect of using several levels of positive end-expiratory pressure over barotrauma's induced lung injury in a model of isolated and perfused rabbit lungs

El uso de Presión Positiva Espiratoria Final (PPEF) como estrategia de ventilación mecánica es beneficioso, permite una mejor oxigenación, sin ocasionar estiramiento alveolar y barotrauma El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el efecto del uso de varios niveles de PPEF sobre el barotrauma y determinar si existe un nivel de PPEF óptimo protector. Cuarenta y ocho conejos New Zeland se dividieron en cuatro grupos con PPEF establecidos en 0, 4, 8 y 12 cmH2O, a niveles crecientes de volumen inspiratorio (VI). Se utilizó un modelo de pulmones de conejo aislados y perfundidos con sangre (PC) o Solución Buffer-Albúmina (PA). Las preparaciones celulares con PPEF 0 cmH2O sufrieron ruptura a VI elevados (300cc), observándose incrementos significativos de la Pap (Presión de arteria pulmonar) y de la TFL (Tasa de filtración de líquidos). Las preparaciones con PPEF 8 y 12 cmH2O sufrieron ruptura a más bajos VI (200cc y 150cc vs. 300cc respectivamente). Las preparaciones celulares con PPEF 4 cmH2O alcanzaron el VI más elevado (400cc) con el menor incremento de Pap y TFL. Las preparaciones acelulares con PPEF 4, 8 y 12 sufrieron ruptura pulmonar a menores VI en comparación con las celulares (300cc vs. 400cc; 100cc vs. 200cc y 100cc vs. 150cc respectivamente), desarrollaron mayor edema con Pap más baja. Se pudo concluir que existe una PPEF óptima que protege contra el barotrauma, excesos de PPEF, pueden, por el contrario, acelerar el desarrollo del mismo. En la sangre podría existir algún mediador que atenúa el daño producto del barotrauma

Efecto de la maniobra inspiratoria y de la hiperinsuflación pulmonar en los flujos espiratorios máximos en pacientes con fibrosis quística / Effect of inspiratory maneuver and lung hyperinflation on maximal expiratory flow-volume curves in cystic fibrosis patients

El tiempo inspiratorio previo a la realización de una maniobra espiratoria forzada máxima (FEM) es una variable que no ha sido completamente estudiada en Fibrosis Quística (FQ). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la hipótesis que niños con FQ tendrían mayores volúmenes y flujos espiratorios forzados al disminuir la duracion del tiempo inspiratorio. Se estudiaron 16 niños con FQ, en etapa estable, sin haber presentado una exacerbación respiratoria en los ultimos dos meses, (10 hombres), de edad 11,9 ñ 0,7 años (promedio ñ ES), con un FEV1 de 62,8 ñ 6,4 porciento predicho. Las pruebas de función pulmonar consistieron en la medición de volúmenes pulmonares estáticos y resistencia de la vía aérea, seguido de evaluación dinámica de la función pulmonar. Esta última medición fue precedida de 3 maniobras inspiratorias diferentes en forma aleatoria[inspiración y detención de 0 segundos (M0), 2 segundos (M2) o 5 segundos (M5)]. El grupo se dividió en pacientes con hiperinsuflación pulmonar detectada por VR/CPT > 30 porciento, (n=9) y sin hiperinsuflación pulmonar RV/CPT menor o igual 30 porciento (n=7). Los resultados demostraron que, en los pacientes con hiperinsuflación, VEF1 y CVF fueron 8,9 ñ 3,4 porciento (p<0,02) y 9,3 ñ 2,1 porciento (p > 0,001) mayores respectivamente, después de M0 en comparación a después de M2 y 2,4 ñ 2,8 porciento (p = ns) menor respectivamente después de M5 en relación a después de M2 (M0 vs M5:p<0,01 para ambos, VEF1 y CVF). En resumen, en pacientes portadores de fibrosis quística e hiperinsuflación, VEF1 y CVF son significativamente mayores luego de realizar una espiración sin detención de inspiración de 2 ó 5 segundos. Sugerimos que los mecanismos de relajación de la musculatura lisa del árbol bronquial pueden ser los responsables de este hallazgo

Effect of inspiratory muscle training on dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

To evaluate the effect of inspiratory muscle training among COPD patients on the inspiratory muscle strength and severity of dyspnea. Twenty COPD patients were included in this study. They were subjected to thorough clinical examination, Radiological chest assessment, FEV [1]/FVC%, FEV [I] of predicted measurement, maximal inspiratory muscle strength [PI [max]] and dyspnea evaluation, before and after inspiratory muscle training protocol [IMT] for 6 weeks. Dyspnea was evaluated by Mahler's base linedyspnea index [BDI] before IMT and by Mahler's transitional dyspnea index [TDI] after 6 weeks of IMT.All subjects tolerated the training load with a high significant important of FEV[1] /FVC%, FEV[1]% of predicted and PI max which reflects an important of inspiratory muscle strength. There were an improvement in TDI categories when compared to the initial one in BDI as the effort needed to produce certain task was decreased after IMT with a total perception of reduced dyspnea. IMT is of beneficial effects for improving inspiratory muscle strength and reduce dyspnea in COPD. Application of home training programme is recommended for COPD patients

A Study on the Change of the Kyphosis of the Tuberculous Spine in Children following Ambulatory Treatment (II. Kyphosis and Pulmonary Function) / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Tuberculous spine has high incidence in children. Many cases of the tuberculous spine are complicated by deformities of the spine and disability such as paraplegia, cardio-plumonary dysfunction, and also early death. There are now several reports on the pulmonary dysfunction due to spinal deformities such as scoliosis and kyphoscoliosis, but there are few papers on the pulmonary function of patients with the tuberculous spine and kyphosis in children. This article is a report on the study of chest excursion in 70 kyphotic children and of the pulmonary function in 10 cases of severe kyphotic patients with collapsing tuberculous spine. The following results are obtained through the study: 1) Chest excursion was evidently diminished in the cases of moderate and severe thoracic, and severe lumbar involvement. The remainders were nearly within normal limits. 2) The study revealed that the chest excursion and the radiological kyphosis has a very gradually sloped negative correlation in thoracic involvement. 3) Pulmonary function in the severe kyphotics who had the curve over 50 degree were revealed as follows; a) Over 50 percent of the cases had diminished vital capacity. That is, over-all average was 67.7 percent of normal capacity. Especially inspiratory reserve volume was diminished, it was 63.7 percent of normal. Maximum breathing capacity was 68.8 percent of normal. b) Tidal volume, timed vital capacity, minute ventilation rate and O2 consumption were within normal limits or nearly normal.