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1.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 49(3): 131-135, 1 ago., 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-94799

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia y las características clinicoepidemiológicas y terapéuticas de las cefaleas primarias en una población rural cubana. Sujetos y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en la población rural de la Policlínica Mabay en la provincia Granma, Cuba. Se empleó la segunda clasificación de la Sociedad Internacional de Cefaleas. El tamaño de la muestra, que se calculó mediante el programa EpiInfo 2002, fue de 360 adultos mayores de 18 años, quienes se seleccionaron por muestreo aleatorio simple. Resultados. La prevalencia de cefaleas primarias fue del 44,72%. Predominó el sexo femenino (71,4 %). El 31,1% tenía entre 50 y 59 años. El 36,6% tenía antecedente familiar de cefaleas. El 44,1% de los afectados comenzó a quejarse de cefalea antes de los 15 años. La localización más frecuente fue occipital (el 45,3% de los casos). Los factores precipitantes más frecuentes fueron el estrés (27,9%) y la menstruación (27,3%). El síntoma acompañante que predominó fue el mareo (26,1%). Primó la cefalea de tipo tensional, con 92 pacientes (25,56%), seguida por la migraña, con 61 diagnósticos (16,94%). El 78,3% de los pacientes con cefalea tensional y el 70,5% de los migrañosos se automedicaban, fundamentalmente con dipirona y paracetamol. Los pacientes migrañosos utilizaron con más frecuencia tratamiento profiláctico que los que sufrían cefalea tensional (32,8% frente a 16,3%; p = 0,01). Conclusiones. La prevalencia de cefaleas primarias es elevada en la población rural objeto de estudio; el elevado índice de abuso de medicamentos, principalmente analgésicos y antiinflamatorios no esteroideos, ha determinado que un número significativo de cefaleas haya evolucionado hacia la cronicidad. Se detecta una elevada afectación laboral debido a este problema de salud (AU)


Aim. To determine the prevalence and the clinical-epidemiological and therapeutic characteristics of primary headaches in a rural population in Cuba. Subjects and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural population of the Policlínica Mabay in the province of Granma, Cuba. The second International Headache Society classification was used. Sample size, which was calculated by means of the program EpiInfo 2002, was 360 adult workers over 18 years of age, who were selected by simple random sampling. Results. The prevalence of primary headaches was 44.72%. There was a predominance of females (71.4%). 31.1% of cases were between 50 and 59 years old. 36.6% had a family history of headaches. Onset of headaches occurred before the age of 15 years in 44.1% of patients. The most frequent location was occipital (45.3% of cases). The most frequent precipitating factors were stress (27.9%) and menstruation (27.3%). The predominant accompanying symptom was dizziness (26.1%). Tension-type headache was the most prevalent, with 92 patients (25.56%), followed by migraine, with 61 diagnoses (16.94%). 78.3% of the patients with tension-type headache and 70.5% of those with migraine tried self-medication with dipyrone and paracetamol. Patients with migraine made more frequent use of prophylactic treatment than those who suffered from tension-type headache (32.8% versus 16.3%; p = 0.01). Conclusions. The prevalence of primary headaches is high in the rural population under study; the high rate of prescription drug abuse (mainly painkillers and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) has led to a significant number of headaches becoming chronic. This health problem is also seen to have an important effect on occupational affairs (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Headache Disorders, Primary/epidemiology , Chronic Disease/epidemiology , Cuba/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Absenteeism
2.
Rev Neurol ; 49(3): 131-5, 2009.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19621307

ABSTRACT

AIM: To determine the prevalence and the clinical-epidemiological and therapeutic characteristics of primary headaches in a rural population in Cuba. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural population of the Policlinica Mabay in the province of Granma, Cuba. The second International Headache Society classification was used. Sample size, which was calculated by means of the program EpiInfo 2002, was 360 adult workers over 18 years of age, who were selected by simple random sampling. RESULTS: The prevalence of primary headaches was 44.72%. There was a predominance of females (71.4%). 31.1% of cases were between 50 and 59 years old. 36.6% had a family history of headaches. Onset of headaches occurred before the age of 15 years in 44.1% of patients. The most frequent location was occipital (45.3% of cases). The most frequent precipitating factors were stress (27.9%) and menstruation (27.3%). The predominant accompanying symptom was dizziness (26.1%). Tension-type headache was the most prevalent, with 92 patients (25.56%), followed by migraine, with 61 diagnoses (16.94%). 78.3% of the patients with tension-type headache and 70.5% of those with migraine tried self-medication with dipyrone and paracetamol. Patients with migraine made more frequent use of prophylactic treatment than those who suffered from tension-type headache (32.8% versus 16.3%; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of primary headaches is high in the rural population under study; the high rate of prescription drug abuse (mainly painkillers and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) has led to a significant number of headaches becoming chronic. This health problem is also seen to have an important effect on occupational affairs.


Subject(s)
Headache Disorders, Primary/epidemiology , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Amitriptyline/therapeutic use , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cuba/epidemiology , Drug Utilization , Ergotamine/therapeutic use , Female , Headache Disorders, Primary/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Meprobamate/therapeutic use , Middle Aged , Migraine Disorders/drug therapy , Migraine Disorders/epidemiology , Migraine Disorders/prevention & control , Prevalence , Propranolol/therapeutic use , Sampling Studies , Tension-Type Headache/drug therapy , Tension-Type Headache/epidemiology , Tension-Type Headache/prevention & control , Verapamil/therapeutic use , Young Adult
3.
MAPFRE med ; 18(3): 190-200, jul.-sept. 2007. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-056981

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en pacientes con el diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial (HTA), con el objetivo de identificar la influencia de factores influyentes sobre la aparición del daño a órganos diana en pacientes con esta entidad, atendidos en el hospital general universitario «Carlos Manuel de Céspedes» de Bayamo en el periodo comprendido desde el 1ro de enero del 2004 al 31 de diciembre del 2005. Los pacientes fueron aleatoriamente seleccionados 1:2 (100 casos/200 controles). El daño a órgano diana predominante fue la cardiopatía hipertensiva (36,15%). El sexo masculino duplicó el riesgo de lesión (OR 2,52; IC 1,45-4,44; p 0,000) y la edad mayor de 65 años lo elevó once veces más que edades inferiores (OR = 11,23; IC =6,10-20,82 y p =0,000). El mayor consumo de cigarros aumentó el riesgo (fumadores severos: OR = 3,76; IC = 1,32-10,99; p =0,004). El factor premórbido más relacionado con el daño orgánico fue el sedentarismo (OR = 9,67; IC = 5,23-17,99; p =0,000). Los no controlados duplicaron el riesgo de lesión orgánica (OR = 2.40; IC = 1.41-4.09; p = 0.0005), el tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad lo sextuplicó (31-40: OR = 6.06; IC = 3.05-12.14; p = 0.000) y el estadio severo mostró mayor relación con el daño orgánico (OR = 4.64; IC = 2.53-8.52; p = 0.000). El estudio concluyó con un análisis de regresión logística que mostró los factores de riesgo independiente, sobre saliendo el sexo masculino y el tiempo de hipertensión


A case–control study was carried out at «Carlos Manuel de Céspedes» teaching hospital of Bayamo, Granma from January 1st, 2004 to December 31st, 2005 in patients with a diagnosis of hypertension selected off at random 1:2 (100 cases/200 controls). The aim of the study was to identify and quantify the incidence of hypertension risk factors on the onset of target organ damage. Hypertensive heart diseases were the predominant target organ damage (36, 15%). Male patients had a twofold risk of lesion (OR 2,52; CI 1,45-4,44; p 0,000). The over-65-year-age group had a risk increase of eleven times compared to younger ages (OR 11, 23; CI 6, 10-20, 82; p 0,000). Heavy smoking also increased the risk (OR 3, 76; CI 1, 32- 10, 99; p 0,004). Sedentarism was premorbid factor more closely related to organ damage (OR 9, 67; CI 5, 23-17, 99; p 0,000). Non-controlled patients showed a twofold risk of organic lesion (OR 2, 40; CI 1, 41- 4, 09; p 0,005). A longer time after the onset of disease exhibited a sexfold risk increase (31-40: OR 6, 06; CI 3, 05-12, 14; p 0,000). Severity of the condition showed a greater relation organic damage (OR 4, 64; CI 2, 53-8, 52; p 0,000). The study concluded with a logistic regression analysis that showed independent risk factors being the most outstanding over see male patients are greater risk and the time after the onset of the condition


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Hypertension/complications , Risk Adjustment/methods , Cardiomyopathies/epidemiology , Sex Distribution , Age Distribution , Hypertension/physiopathology , Risk Factors , Case-Control Studies
4.
MAPFRE med ; 17(3): 159-165, mar. 2006. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-050503

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo con el objetivode describir el comportamiento de la sepsis extrahospitalariasevera en pacientes que ingresaron en la Unidad de CuidadosIntensivos del hospital provincial universitario «Carlos Manuelde Céspedes», de Bayamo desde el 1ro de noviembre del2003 hasta el 31 de octubre del 2004. De 527 pacientesingresados, 94 (17,8%) cumplían los criterios de sepsis severaextrahospitalaria. La edad media fue de 49,4 años (IC =45,5-53,3 y desviación estándar = 19,0). Una estancia hospitalariapromedio de 9,62 días (IC = 8,5-10,8). Las localizacionesmás frecuentes fueron las intraabdominales (51,1%) ylas respiratorias (18,1%). Hubo discreto predominio de los gérmenesgramnegativos en comparación con los grampositivos,(51,56%) y (48,43%) respectivamente, representando a losprimeros la Escherichia coli (15 para 45,45%) y el Estreptococopneumoniae a los segundos (14, para 45,16%). Las complicacionesmás relevantes fueron: los trastornos ácido-básicos(33,17%) e hidroelectrolíticos (20,68%). Los factores deriesgo más importantes tenemos a: la edad mayor o igual de60 años (56,1%), el alcoholismo (15,8%) y la diabetes mellitus(14%). La letalidad fue mayor en estadios más avanzadosdel cuadro con 5 fallecidos de los casos con shock séptico(5,31%) y 7 con disfunción multiorgánica (7,44%)


A prospective descriptive study was carried out to describethe behaviour of severe extra-hospital sepsis in patientsadmitted to the Intensive Care Unit at «Carlos Manuel deCespedes» provincial university hospital of Bayamo, Granmasince november 1st 2003 to october 31st 2004. Out of the527 patients admitted in that period, 94 (17,8%) developed.Severe extra hospital sepsis. The patients average agewas 49,4 years. (IC = 45, 5-53,3). The average hospitalstay was of 9,62 days (IC = 8,5-10,8). Intra-abdominal(51,1%) and respiratory (18,1%) sepses were the mostcommon ones. A slight predominance of gram-negative(Escherichia coli [51,56%]) over gram-positive (StreptococcusPneumoniae [45,16%]) was shown. The major complicationswere acid-base balance disorders (33,17%) andbody water and electrolytes distribution disorders (20,68%).The major risk factors were age (56,1%) of the patientswere over 60 years, alcoholism (15,8%) and diabetes mellitus(14%). Lethality was higher in the more advanced statesof the clinical picture with five deaths case by septic shock(5,31%) and seven deaths as a result of multiple organ dysfunction(13,2%)


Subject(s)
Humans , Sepsis/epidemiology , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Alcoholism/complications , Diabetes Mellitus/complications , Multiple Organ Failure/complications , Prospective Studies , Length of Stay
5.
MAPFRE med ; 17(2): 129-134, feb. 2006. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-051206

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal con el objetivo de describir el comportamiento de la infección nosocomial en pacientes egresados de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del hospital provincial universitario «Carlos Manuel de Céspedes», de Bayamo, desde el 1ro de enero de 1999 hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2000. De 1418 pacientes egresados, 110 (7,7%) cumplieron los criterios de infección nosocomial. Se seleccionaron variables tales como: edad, sexo, factores de riesgos, principales localizaciones, gérmenes frecuentes, tiempo de aparición de la infección y evolución final. En el análisis estadístico se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión, así como los intervalos de confianza al 95% para la media. Existió discreto predominio de la infección en el grupo de45 a 59 años, con una media de 51,14 años. La línea venosa central (19,60%), sonda vesical (18,30%) y sonda de levine (13,72%) constituyeron los factores de riesgo principales. Las localizaciones más frecuentes de infección fueron las respiratorias bajas (36,23%) y las urinarias(25,19%). Existió predominio de los gérmenes gramnegativos, entre ellos el enterobacter sp. (35,09%) y la Escherichiacoli (23,07%). La infección apareció entre el segundo y el sexto día (en el 66,3%) y fallecieron el 20,9% delos pacientes que la adquirieron


A longitudinal descriptive study was done with the objective of describing the behaviour of nosocomial infection inpatients discharged from the Intensive Care Unit at «Carlos Manuel de Cespedes» universitary provincial hospital, in Bayamo, from january 1st 1999 to december 31st,2000. From 1418 discharged patients, 110 had criteria of nosocomial infections. Variables such as age, sex, risk factors, principal location, most frequent germs, time of appearance and final evaluation were selected. In the statiscal analysis measures of central tendency and dispersion, as well as intervals of reliance to 95% for the media among others were used. The rate of nosocomial infection was 7, 7 per 100 discharged patients. There was a discreet predominant infection in the 45–59 year-old group whit a media of 51-14 years. The presence of central venous line (19, 60%), vesical catheter (18, 30%)and nasogástrica tube (13, 72%) constituted the main risk factors. The most frequent location of infection were the low respiratory (36, 23%) and the urinaries (25,19%).There was a prevalence of gramnegative germs among them, enterobacter sp (35,09%), escherichiacoli (23,07%) and Proteus sp (21, 15%). The infection appeared between the second and the sixth day in (66, 3%) and20,9% of the patients who adquired the infection died


Subject(s)
Humans , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Intensive Care Units , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Sex Factors
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