ABSTRACT
Sclerosing pneumocytoma is an uncommon pulmonary tumor which generally behaves benignly and occurs predominately in women. Rarely, it is associated with neuroendocrine proliferations such as hyperplasia, tumorlets and carcinoid tumors, which may be observed in relation to the tumor or in the distant lung parenchyma; the mechanism underlying this neuroendocrine differentiation is not clear. We present a case of a 33 year-old male with sclerosing pnemocytoma with coexistent neuroendocrine hyperplasia and combined carcinoid tumorlets. Taking into account the pluripotentiality of the round cells present in the sclerosing pneumocytoma, with positive staining for stem cells markers, it is possible that the different components of this neoplasia share a common origin, in accordance with previously reported findings.
Subject(s)
Carcinoid Tumor , Lung Neoplasms , Neuroendocrine Cells , Pulmonary Sclerosing Hemangioma , Adult , Carcinoid Tumor/pathology , Female , Humans , Hyperplasia/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Neuroendocrine Cells/pathology , Pulmonary Sclerosing Hemangioma/pathologyABSTRACT
El riesgo de tumores secundarios en los pacientes que han recibido radioterapia mediastínica es ampliamente conocido. La adenosis microglandular de la mama es una lesión poco frecuente considerada como benigna, aunque se plantea su papel precursor del carcinoma infiltrante de mama. Presentamos un caso de adenosis microglandular en una paciente que recibió radioterapia mediastínica en la infancia por linfoma de Hodgkin. Hasta la fecha este es el primer caso informado en la literatura de adenosis microglandular en paciente con radioterapia mediastínica, planteando un interrogante en la contribución en la patogénesis
The risk of secondary tumors in patients who have received mediastinal radiation therapy is well-known. Microglandular adenosis of the breast is a rare lesion that is considered benign, although its possible role as a precursor of invasive breast carcinoma has been considered. We present a case of microglandular adenosis in a patient who received mediastinal radiation therapy in childhood for Hodgkin's lymphoma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of microglandular adenosis in a patient with mediastinal radiotherapy which may shed light on its pathogenesis
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Hodgkin Disease/radiotherapy , Breast Neoplasms/secondary , Mammary Glands, Human/pathology , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Mediastinal Neoplasms/radiotherapyABSTRACT
The risk of secondary tumors in patients who have received mediastinal radiation therapy is well-known. Microglandular adenosis of the breast is a rare lesion that is considered benign, although its possible role as a precursor of invasive breast carcinoma has been considered. We present a case of microglandular adenosis in a patient who received mediastinal radiation therapy in childhood for Hodgkin's lymphoma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of microglandular adenosis in a patient with mediastinal radiotherapy which may shed light on its pathogenesis.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Fibrocystic Breast Disease , Hodgkin Disease , Radiation Injuries , Breast Neoplasms/etiology , Female , Fibrocystic Breast Disease/etiology , Hodgkin Disease/radiotherapy , HumansABSTRACT
Los ependimomas constituyen la neoplasia más frecuente de la médula espinal. Se desarrollan a partir de células que revisten el canal ependimario. Un subtipo infrecuente es el ependimoma de células gigantes, del que se han descrito solo 8 casos en dicha localización. Describimos el caso de un varón de 42 años con lumbalgia de varios meses de evolución. La RMN mostró un tumor bien circunscrito intradural en L1, que se resecó en su totalidad. El estudio histológico demostró proliferación fusocelular de distribución perivascular con formación de pseudorrosetas y moderada atipia citológica con células gigantes multinucleadas. El estudio inmunohistoquímico confirmó el diagnóstico de ependimoma de células gigantes(AU)
Ependymomas are the most frequent neoplasms of the spinal cord, arising from the cells lining the spinal canal. Among them, giant cell ependymoma is a rare subtype with only 8 cases previously reported to date. We present a further case in a 42-year-old man who presented with a history of lower back pain for several months. The MRI revealed a well-circumscribed interdural mass at L1. The tumour was totally resected and histologically it was seen to be comprised of a proliferation of fusiform cells arranged in a perivascular pattern with pseudorosettes and cytologic atypia with multinucleated giant cells. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of giant cell ependymoma(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Ependymoma/pathology , Giant Cell Tumors/pathology , Cauda Equina/pathology , Immunohistochemistry/methods , Immunohistochemistry , Laminectomy , Granuloma, Giant Cell/pathology , Cauda Equina/anatomy & histology , Diagnosis, Differential , Low Back Pain/pathology , Gadolinium , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Laminectomy/methodsABSTRACT
The pathogenesis of pituitary tumours is far to be understood. Pituitary transforming tumour gene (PTTG), a gen that induces aneuploidy, genetic instability, cellular proliferation and to stimulate angiogenesis, has been involved in neoplasic transformation and shown overexpressed in many neoplasm as lung, breast, endometrium, thyroid and colon malignant tumours. On the other hand, PTTG has been inconsistently studied in pituitary tumours. The majority of studies have been performed in animals and there is a great variability in the methods used in its determination. The goal of this review is to resume the role of PTTG in tumourogenesis and critically to revise the studies published in humans in order to advance in the knowledge of the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas and to find clinical useful predictors of the behavior of these tumours.
Subject(s)
Neoplasm Proteins/genetics , Pituitary Neoplasms/genetics , Humans , SecurinABSTRACT
El pituitary transforming tumour gene (PTTG) está involucrado en una gran variedad de mecanismos fisiológicos. Se ha descrito sobreexpresión proteínica de PTTG en múltiples neoplasias, como los tumores hipofisarios, la cual favorece la aneuploidía, la inestabilidad genética, la proliferación celular y la angiogénesis, todos ellos procesos clave en la transformación neoplásica. Los estudios llevados a cabo en adenomas hipofisarios indican su asociación con un mayor grado de infiltración y de recidivas. Actualmente se plantea su función potencial como diana terapéutica (AU)
The pathogenesis of pituitary tumours is far to be understood. Pituitary transforming tumour gene (PTTG), a gen that induces aneuploidy, genetic instability, cellular proliferation and to stimulate angiogenesis, has been involved in neoplasic transformation and shown overexpressed in many neoplasm as lung, breast, endometrium, thyroid and colon malignant tumours. On the other hand, PTTG has been inconsistently studied in pituitary tumours. The majority of studies have been performed in animals and there is a great variability in the methods used in its determination. The goal of this review is to resume the role of PTTG in tumourogenesis and critically to revise the studies published in humans in order to advance in the knowledge of the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas and to find clinical useful predictors of the behavior of these tumours (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Neoplasm Proteins/genetics , Pituitary Neoplasms/geneticsABSTRACT
Antecedentes: Los adenomas hipofisarios son neoplasiasbenignas que pueden tener un comportamiento localmenteagresivo. Métodos: En el presente trabajo se analiza el significadode la actividad proliferativa mediante inmunotincióncon Ki-67 en una serie de 107 adenomas hipofisarios. Resultados:La actividad proliferativa media fue de 1,99% (rango0%-18%) y la mayoría (81%) presentaron Ki-67 <3%. Seobservó una tendencia a la asociación entre mayor nivel deKi-67 y extensión extraselar, tipo inmunohistoquímico hormonal(prolactinomas y adenomas gonadotropos), sexo masculinoy menor edad. Sin embargo, no se demostró asociaciónsignificativa con la densidad mitocondrial y la densidadmicrovascular (DMV), la actividad funcional o la apariciónde recidiva. Conclusiones: El estudio de la actividad proliferativacon Ki-67 puede definir un subgrupo de adenomashipofisarios con comportamiento localmente más agresivo
Introduction: Pituitary adenomas are benign neoplasias,but they may behave locally more aggressive.Methods: The present study analyzes the significance ofproliferative activity by Ki-67 staining in a series of 107pituitary adenomas. Results: The mean proliferative activityrate was 1.99% (range 0%-18%) and the majority(81%) showed Ki-67 <3%. We showed a trend towards ahigher Ki-67 in adenomas with extrasellar extension, hormonalsubtype (prolactinomas and gonadotroph cell adenomas),male gender and younger age. However, no significantdifferences were found between Ki-67 and mitochondrialor microvascular densities, functional activity orrecurrence. Conclusions:We conclude that the proliferativeactivity evaluated by Ki-67 can define a subset of pituitaryadenomas with a more aggressive behavior
Subject(s)
Humans , Pituitary Neoplasms/pathology , Adenoma/pathology , Ki-67 Antigen/analysis , Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology , Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathologyABSTRACT
Introducción: El timoma micronodular con hiperplasia linfoide de células B es una variedad de neoplasia epitelial tímica incluida recientemente en la clasificación de la OMS. Caso clínico: El presente caso corresponde a una mujer de 67 años con un gran quiste en la cavidad torácica izquierda, identificado en una radiografía de tórax, siendo el resto de la exploración física normal. Resultados: El estudio anatomopatológico mostró nódulos epiteliales múltiples separados por un estroma rico en linfocitos B con centros germinales
Introduction: Micronodular thymoma with lymphoid B-cell hyperplasia is a new type of epithelial thymic neoplasms, included in the last WHO classification. Clinical findings: The case we explain below is about a 67 years old woman presenting with a big and asynthomatic cyst in the left intrathoracic cavity, which was diagnosed by an x-ray exploration. The physical examination was absolutely normal. Results: Microscopically, we observed multiples epithelial nodules separated by an abundant lymphocytic stroma with follicular germinal centres
Subject(s)
Female , Aged , Humans , Thymoma/pathology , Pseudolymphoma/pathology , Thymus Neoplasms/pathology , Mediastinal Cyst/pathology , Diagnosis, DifferentialABSTRACT
Introducción: El timoma micronodular con hiperplasia linfoide de células B es una variedad de neoplasia epitelial tímica incluida recientemente en la clasificación de la OMS. Caso clínico: El presente caso corresponde a una mujer de 67 años con un gran quiste en la cavidad torácica izquierda, identificado en una radiografía de tórax, siendo el resto de la exploración física normal. Resultados: El estudio anatomopatológico mostró nódulos epiteliales múltiples separados por un estroma rico en linfocitos B con centros germinales
Introduction: Micronodular thymoma with lymphoid B-cell hyperplasia is a new type of epithelial thymic neoplasms, included in the last WHO classification. Clinical findings: The case we explain below is about a 67 years old woman presenting with a big and asynthomatic cyst in the left intrathoracic cavity, which was diagnosed by an x-ray exploration. The physical examination was absolutely normal. Results: Microscopically, we observed multiples epithelial nodules separated by an abundant lymphocytic stroma with follicular germinal centres
Subject(s)
Female , Aged , Humans , Thymoma/pathology , Pseudolymphoma/pathology , Thymus Neoplasms/pathology , Mediastinal Cyst/pathology , Diagnosis, DifferentialABSTRACT
Un 7,5% de los carcinomas colorrectales (CCR) en España presenta alteraciones del sistema de reparación de errores de replicación del ADN (mismatch repair, MMR). De ellos, un 20% se desarrolla en pacientes que presentan el síndrome de Lynch. Para identificar a estos pacientes se utilizan criterios clínicos, moleculares, histopatológicos e inmunohistoquímicos. El análisis inmunohistoquímico de las proteínas reparadoras (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 y PMS2) ha demostrado ser una técnica válida para la detección de tumores con alteración del MMR. La generalización del uso de la inmunohistoquímica hace que actualmente el patólogo desempeñe un papel fundamental en la identificación de pacientes con síndrome de Lynch
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) in Spain shows mismatchrepair deficiency (MMR+) reaching a 7.5%. Twenty percent of them presents in Lynch syndrome. Identification of these patients is based on clinical, molecular, histopathologic and immunohistochemical criteria. Immunohistochemical analysis of mismatch-repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) is a valid technique to detect MMR+ tumors. The generalized use of immunohistochemistry confers to pathologists a fundamental role in the identification of patients with Lynch syndrome
Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinoma/pathology , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma/genetics , DNA Replication/genetics , Immunohistochemistry , Colon/pathology , Phenotype , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/pathologyABSTRACT
La frecuente identificación de lesiones de célulascolumnares en biopsias mamarias realizadas por microcalcificacionesmamográficas ha determinado un renovadointerés en su adecuada clasificación y significado biológicoy clínico. En la presente revisión se describen los criteriosde clasificación, así como los principales problemas dediagnóstico diferencial, significado biológico y actitud clínicaante su diagnóstico
The frequent identification of columnar cell lesions inbreast biopsies performed due to microcalcifications mammograficalydetected, has determined an increasing interestfor the adequate classification, as well as their biologicaland clinical significance. In the present review, we describethe classification criteria and the main difficulties for thedifferential diagnosis, biological significance and clinicalmanagement of these lesions
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Breast Neoplasms/classificationABSTRACT
Los adenomas hipofisarios son neoplasias benignas originadas en células de la adenohipófisis. Representan el tumor más habitual en la silla turca y constituyen un 10-15 por ciento de las neoplasias intracraneales. Inicialmente fueron clasificados, según sus características tintoriales, en adenomas acidófilos, basófilos y cromófobos. La aplicación de técnicas morfológicas como la microscopía electrónica y la inmunohistoquímica, y la integración de los hallazgos morfológicos con los datos clínicos, de laboratorio y de las técnicas de imagen han permitido el desarrollo de la nueva clasificación de los adenomas hipofisarios. Las técnicas genéticas y moleculares están proporcionando información que ayuda a entender la patogénesis de algunas variedades de adenoma hipofisario. Por otra parte, la aplicación de determinados marcadores puede aportar información pronóstica y ayudar a predecir la respuesta a modalidades terapéuticas específicas (AU)
