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1.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 58(10): 611-613, dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-138758

ABSTRACT

Describimos el uso de sugammadex en un paciente trasplantado renal, en el cual se utilizó rocuronio. Paciente varón, trasplantado renal 4 años antes. Ingresó en el hospital por linfoma gástrico no Hodgkin y hemorragia digestiva que precisaba cirugía. Se constató hipertensión arterial, taquicardia y extrasístoles ventriculares frecuentes. La inducción de la anestesia se realizó con propofol, fentanilo y rocuronio. La intubación se realizó sin incidencias. Se monitorizó la oximetría de pulso, capnografía, frecuencia cardiaca, electrocardiograma, presión arterial invasiva, gasto cardiaco, volumen sistólico, el índice biespectral, temperatura y función neuromuscular. Para el mantenimiento se empleó infusión de propofol, fentanilo y rocuronio en dos bolos de 20 mg guiados por TOF (tren de cuatro estímulos). La diuresis total fue de 1.100 mI. La intervención duró 4 horas 30 minutos. Al finalizar la intervención, la recuperación espontánea de la función neuromuscular llegó hasta dos respuestas del TOF, por lo que se administró 2 mg/kg de sugammadex. Se apreció un TOFr de 94% tras 158 segundos de inyectado el fármaco. El paciente fue extubado sin complicaciones. El sugammadex es un agente utilizable en pacientes trasplantados renales, toda vez que al recuperar el filtrado glomerular puede excretar el complejo sugammadex-rocuronio (AU)


We report the use of sugammadex to reverse a rocuronium block in a man who had received a kidney transplant 4 years earlier. The patient was admitted for gastric non-Hodgkins lymphoma and bleeding that required surgery. Arterial hypertension, tachycardia, and frequent ventricular extrasystoles were detected. Anesthetic induction was accomplished with propofol, fentanyl, and rocuronium; intubation was uneventful. We monitored pulse oximetry, capnography, heart rate, electrocardiography, arterial pressure (invasive), cardiac output, end-systolic volume, bispectral index, temperature, and neuromuscular function. Anesthesia was maintained with an infusion of propofol, fentanyl, and rocuronium guided by train-of-four (TOF) ratio. Total diuresis was 1100 mL. The operation lasted 4.5 hours. Recovery of neuromuscular response was spontaneous until the second TOF twitch, after which we injected 2 mg/kg of sugammadex. A TOF ratio of 0.94 was recorded 158 seconds after injection of the reversal agent. The patient was extubated without complications. Sugammadex can be used in patients with a transplanted kidney, provided the glomerular filtration rate has recovered sufficiently to allow full excretion of the sugammadex-rocuronium complex (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Kidney Transplantation/methods , Propofol/therapeutic use , Fentanyl/therapeutic use , Intubation/instrumentation , Intubation/methods , Intubation , Lymphoma/complications , Hemorrhage/complications , Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Hypertension/complications , Tachycardia/complications , Tachycardia/drug therapy , Oximetry/methods , Oximetry , Diuresis/physiology
2.
Actual. anestesiol. reanim ; 21(2): 27-30, abr.-jun. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-97921

ABSTRACT

En su conjunto, la respuesta inmune pretende: destruir los elementos extraños o no reparables del organismo; delimitar y aislar el foco inflamatorio, reparar las lesiones promoviendo la cicatrización y la neovascularización, activar los mecanismos generales que aporten células y nutrientes (activación neuroendocrina y metabólica); y evitar la generalización del proceso, induciendo una cierta inmunodepresión sistémica contrarreguladora. En el presente trabajo se hace una revisión sobre los aspectos fisiopatológicos derivados de la respuesta metabólica, inmunológica e inflamatoria a la agresión quirúrgica(AU)


On the Whole, the immune response seeks: to destroy the foreing or not repairable elements of the organism; to limit and to isolate the focus of the inflamation; to repair the lesion by advancyng the cicatrization and the neovascularización; to activate the general mechanisms that bring cells and nutrients (neuroendocrina and metabolic activation); and to avoid the generalization of the process inducing a certain systemic contraregulatory inmunodepression In the present work a review is maid of the physiopatologyc aspects derived from the metabolic, immunological and inflammatory response to the surgical aggression(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Anesthesia/methods , Anesthesia/trends , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic , Neovascularization, Physiologic , Neovascularization, Physiologic/immunology , Adjuvants, Anesthesia/immunology , Adjuvants, Anesthesia/metabolism , Anesthetics/immunology , Anesthetics/metabolism , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/immunology , Anesthetics, General/immunology , Anesthetics, General/metabolism , Anesthetics, Combined/immunology , Anesthetics, Combined/metabolism
3.
Actual. anestesiol. reanim ; 21(2): 35-44, abr.-jun. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-97923

ABSTRACT

La agresión quirúrgica provoca una respuesta endocrinometabólica, siendo el dolor postoperatorio uno de los factores implicados en la producción de dicha respuesta, consecuencia de la activación del sistema simpático y estimulación del eje endocrino hipotálamo-hipofisario-adrenal (HHA). El anestesiólogo puede modificar estas respuestas endocrinas y metabólicas al utilizar los distintos fármacos o técnicas anestésicas durante el acto quirúrgico. En un intento de frenar los efectos de la secreción de catecolaminas, debida al estrés quirúrgico, se han utilizado fármacos como los bloqueantes beta adrenérgicos, con el fin de evitar complicaciones como la isquemia miocárdica perioperatoria. Los resultados han demostrado que los betabloqueantes no disminuyen la respuesta neuroendocrina al estrés, pero sí disminuyen los requerimientos analgésicos, se produce una recuperación de la anestesia más rápida y una mejoría en la estabilidad hemodinámica. En el presente trabajo se hace una revisión sobre los aspectos clínicos derivados de la respuesta neuroendocrina, metabólica, inmunológica e inflamatoria a la agresión quirúrgica(AU)


The surgical aggression provokes an endocrinometabolic response, with the postoperatory pain beeing one of the factors involved in the production of the above mentioned response, consequence of the activation of the simpathetic nervous system and stimulation of the endocrine hypothalamus - hipofisario-adrenal axis (HHA). The anaesthtetist can modify these endocrine and metabolic responses on by using the different drugs or anesthesic techniques during the surgical operation. In an attempt to the limit the effects of the catecolamines secretion due to the surgical stress, the medicaments such as adrenergic betablockers have been iused, in order to avoid complications such perioperatory myocardic ischemia. The results have demonstrated that betablockers do not reduce the neuroendocrine response to the stress, but do reduce the analgesic requirements, tand a faster recovery from the anesthesia is produced, and an improvement in the hemodinámic stability In the present work a review is made on the clinical aspects derived from the neuroendocrine, metabolic, immunological and inflammatory response to the surgical aggression(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Stress, Physiological , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/drug therapy , Stress, Psychological/drug therapy , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Hemodynamics , Pain, Postoperative/metabolism , Pain, Postoperative/physiopathology , Postoperative Period , Endocrine Glands , Catecholamines/pharmacology , Catecholamines/pharmacokinetics , Catecholamines/therapeutic use , Receptors, Catecholamine , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/metabolism , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacokinetics
4.
Actual. anestesiol. reanim ; 21(1): 3-9, ene.-mar. 2011.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-97558

ABSTRACT

Durante una intervención quirúrgica, el SNA es influenciado por la estimulación quirúrgica y por los efectos de los fármacos anestésicos empleados. En la anestesia general se ha demostrado un aumento del tono simpático durante la intubación orotraqueal a pesar de una inducción anestésica correcta. La anestesia espinal produce un bloqueo del SNS, proporcional al nivel del bloqueo alcanzado. Cuando la ansiolisis y el control del dolor son adecuados, los niveles de catecolaminas en orina (CATO) en el periodo postoperatorio, no difieren significativamente de los valores encontrados preoperatoriamente. Por otro lado, los niveles plasmáticos sufren importantes variaciones en función de los estímulos, y así los niveles de Adrenalina (AD) en sangre aumentan bruscamente después de la incisión quirúrgica. La secreción de AD se puede minimizar con una adecuada técnica anestésica (anestesia intravenosa con opiáceos) que disminuya la agresión durante la incisión y la secreción de ACTH como respuesta al estrés. En el presente trabajo se hace una revisión sobre los aspectos fisiopatológicos derivados de la respuesta neuroendocrina a la agresión quirúrgica. Dicho estudio se basa en la detección de las hormonas más significativas de la respuesta ante la agresión(AU)


During a surgical intervention, the Autonomous Neurological System (SNA) is influenced by the surgical stimulation and by the effects of the anesthesic drugs used. In general anesthesia an increase of the simpathetic tone during the orotracheal intubation has been demonstrated in spite of a correct anesthesic induction. The spinal anesthesia produces a blockade of the Central Nervous System (SNC) proportional to the level of the blockage reached. When the sedation and the control of pain are adequate, the levels of catecolaminas in urine ((CATO) in the postoperatory period, do not differ significantly from the magnitude found in the preoperatory. On the other hand, the plasmatic levels undergo important variations depending on the stimuly, and in the adrenalin levels (AD) in blood increase sharply after the surgical incision.. AD secretion can be minimized with an adequate anesthesic technique (intravenous anesthesia with opiates) that reduces the aggression during the incision and ACTH secretion as a response to the stress. In the present work a review is made on the physiopatologics aspects derived from the norendocrine response to the surgical aggression. This study is based on the detection of the most significant hormones in the response to the aggression (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Neurosecretory Systems , Anesthetics/pharmacokinetics , Intubation, Intratracheal , Catecholamines/urine , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone , Epinephrine
5.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 58(10): 611-3, 2011 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22263406

ABSTRACT

We report the use of sugammadex to reverse a rocuronium block in a man who had received a kidney transplant 4 years earlier. The patient was admitted for gastric non-Hodgkins lymphoma and bleeding that required surgery. Arterial hypertension, tachycardia, and frequent ventricular extrasystoles were detected. Anesthetic induction was accomplished with propofol, fentanyl, and rocuronium; intubation was uneventful. We monitored pulse oximetry, capnography, heart rate, electrocardiography, arterial pressure (invasive), cardiac output, end-systolic volume, bispectral index, temperature, and neuromuscular function. Anesthesia was maintained with an infusion of propofol, fentanyl, and rocuronium guided by train-of-four (TOF) ratio. Total diuresis was 1100 mL. The operation lasted 4.5 hours. Recovery of neuromuscular response was spontaneous until the second TOF twitch, after which we injected 2 mg/kg of sugammadex. A TOF ratio of 0.94 was recorded 158 seconds after injection of the reversal agent. The patient was extubated without complications. Sugammadex can be used in patients with a transplanted kidney, provided the glomerular filtration rate has recovered sufficiently to allow full excretion of the sugammadex-rocuronium complex.


Subject(s)
Kidney Transplantation , gamma-Cyclodextrins/therapeutic use , Adult , Humans , Male , Neuromuscular Blockade , Sugammadex
6.
Actual. anestesiol. reanim ; 19(2): 69-84, abr.-jun. 2009. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-74228

ABSTRACT

En el presente trabajo se establece una valoración de la espirometría y espirografía como pruebas funcionales respiratorias en la valoración pulmonar del paciente quirúrgico (AU)


In the present work an evaluation is established of the spirometry and the spirography as functional respiratory tests in the lung evaluation of the surgical patient (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Spirometry/methods , Spirometry , Respiratory Function Tests , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Preoperative Care/methods , Preoperative Care/adverse effects , Lung Diseases/pathology , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Respiration, Artificial/methods
7.
Actual. anestesiol. reanim ; 16(1): 22-28, ene.-mar. 2006. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-044798

ABSTRACT

A pesar del incremento que ha tenido en los últimos años la práctica de la anestesia regional, los bloqueos nerviosos del miembro inferior son los menos utilizados actualmente, y dentro de ellos el q ue mnos se utiliza es el bloqueo del nervio ciático mediante su abordaje anterior. Se recoge la actualidad anestesiológica de la técnica de bloqueo del nervio ciático mediante su abordaje anterior y se hace una revisión global de las técnicas descritas en la literatura, así como las controversias sobre su viabilidad, eficacia e influencia, que han planteado en la práctica clínica, así como las ventajas e incovenientes de cada una de ellas. Se destaca del abordaje anterior del nervio ciático el ser relativamente fácil de realizar, no conllevar excesivo tiempo en su realización y permitir mantener al paciente en posición supina no agravando lesiones y evitando posturas incómodas para el paciente. Además se puede combinar con otros bloqueos como el femoral para una anestesia completa del miembro inferior, o bien como técnica analgésica para controlar el dolor postoperatorio después de cirugía del pie o tobillo, permitiendo la colocación de un catéter a nivel ciático, estando exenta de los riesgo y efectos colaterales que conllevan las técnicas neuroaxiales


In spite o fan increase in the use of regional anaesthetics over the last few years, nerve blockages of the lower members are the least few years, nerve blockages of the lower members are the least used at present. Among these one of the least used is the sciatic nerve blockage by anterior approach. Current anaesthesiology of the technique of sciatic nerve blockage by anterior approach and a global revision of the techniques described in literature are discussed. Besides this, the controversies about the viability, efficacy and influences that have arisen in clinical practice and the advantages and drawbacks of each of these techniques are also included. In relation to the anterior approach of the sciatic nerve, the relative easiness with which it is carried out is highlighted; it does not take long and it is possible to keep the patient in a supine position without aggravating lesions and avoiding uncomfortable positions. Furthermore, it can be combined with other blockages, such as femoral blockage for complete anaesthesia of the lower members of the body, or even as an analgesic technique to control post operation pain after foot or ankle surgery, permiting the placement of a catheter at a sciatic level and exempt from risks collateral effects which accompany neuroaxial techniques


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Sciatic Nerve/physiology , Sciatic Nerve/surgery , Nerve Block/methods , Nerve Block , Anesthesia, Conduction/methods , Anesthesia, Conduction , Lower Extremity/anatomy & histology , Lower Extremity/injuries , Sciatic Nerve/injuries , Sciatic Nerve/pathology , Anesthesia, Conduction/instrumentation , Anesthesia, Local/methods , Anesthesia, Local , Lower Extremity/physiology
8.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 49(10): 512-521, dic. 2002. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-136687

ABSTRACT

El tubo laríngeo (TL) es una novedosa aportación al manejo rápido y eficaz de la vía aérea que permite su ubicación correcta, de manera sencilla, sin necesidad de visión laringoscópica directa de la orofaringe y laringe. OBJETIVOS: El presente estudio tiene como objetivos la evaluación del comportamiento clínico del TL, estudiar la eficacia de su sellado ante la regurgitación gástrica y la capacidad de poder ventilar pacientes, que por sus elevadas impedancias ventilatorias, requieren presiones elevadas en la vía aérea. PACIENTES y MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron en este estudio prospectivo y aleatorio 60 pacientes, 32 mujeres y 28 varones, de 48 +- 20 años de edad media, que requerían cirugía bajo anestesia general. Se monitorizó la oxigenación y ventilación de los pacientes. Se evaluó la facilidad de colocación del TL, la presencia de regurgitación, y si el contenido de la misma alcanzaba la vía aérea. RESULTADOS: La colocación del TL se llevó a cabo de forma sencilla, consiguiéndose al primer intento en 48 de los 60 pacientes (80%). En 8 pacientes (13,3%) fue necesaria la modificación de la posición para alcanzar una óptima ventilación, en 2 pacientes (3,3%) hubo que extraer el TL y reintroducirlo de nuevo y en otros 2 (3,3%) resultó imposible la ventilación con el TL. La oxigenación y ventilación fueron las adecuadas en todos los casos en que se introdujo el TL. En 3 casos (5%) se objetivó regurgitación, pero siempre el neumotaponamiento fue impermeable. CONCLUSIONES: El TL es un sistema eficaz de acceso a la vía aérea, sencillo de insertar, permite una adecuada oxigenación y ventilación y evita que el contenido gástrico penetre en la vía aérea (AU)


The laryngeal tube, an effective new device for rapid airway management, allows the caregiver to intubate without a direct laryngoscopic view of the oropharynx and larynx. 0BJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical performance of the laryngeal tube in terms of efficacy of the seal against gastric content reflux and for ventilating patients requiring elevated ventilatory pressures because of high respiratory resistance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty patients (32 women, 28 men; mean age 48 +- 20 y) requiring surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled. We monitored oxygenation and ventilation and evaluated ease of laryngeal tube placement, the occurrence of regurgitation and whether or not gastric contents reached the airway. RESULTS: The laryngeal tube was easy to insert and insertion was possible on the first try for 48 of the 60 patients (80%). Repositioning to permit optimal ventilation was necessary for8 patients (13,3%), the tube had to be removed and re-inserted for 2 patients (3,3%), and ventilation through the laryngeal tube was impossible for 2 (3,3%). Oxygenation and ventilation were adequate in all cases in which the laryngeal tube could be inserted. Regurgitation was observed in 3 patients (5%), but the seal remained closed in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: A laryngeal tube is an effective way to establish airway access. It is easy to insert and in all cases allows for adequate oxygenation and ventilation and prevents gastric contents from reaching the airway (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anesthesiology/instrumentation , Intubation/instrumentation , Larynx , Equipment Design , Prospective Studies
9.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 49(10): 512-21, 2002 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12677972

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: The laryngeal tube, an effective new device for rapid airway management, allows the caregiver to intubate without a direct laryngoscopic view of the oropharynx and larynx. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical performance of the laryngeal tube in terms of efficacy of the seal against gastric content reflux and for ventilating patients requiring elevated ventilatory pressures because of high respiratory resistance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty patients (32 women, 28 men; mean age 48 +/- 20 y) requiring surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled. We monitored oxygenation and ventilation and evaluated ease of laryngeal tube placement, the occurrence of regurgitation and whether or not gastric contents reached the airway. RESULTS: The laryngeal tube was easy to insert and insertion was possible on the first try for 48 of the 60 patients (80%). Repositioning to permit optimal ventilation was necessary for 8 patients (13.3%), the tube had to be removed and re-inserted for 2 patients (3.3%), and ventilation through the laryngeal tube was impossible for 2 (3.3%). Oxygenation and ventilation were adequate in all cases in which the laryngeal tube could be inserted. Regurgitation was observed in 3 patients (5%), but the seal remained closed in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: A laryngeal tube is an effective way to establish airway access. It is easy to insert and in all cases allows for adequate oxygenation and ventilation and prevents gastric contents from reaching the airway.


Subject(s)
Anesthesiology/instrumentation , Intubation/instrumentation , Larynx , Equipment Design , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies
10.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 38(4): 242-50, 1991.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1771286

ABSTRACT

This work was undertaken to determine the possible influence of gas trapping on the values of total respiratory system compliance and on the air flow resistance at the air ways obtained by conventional effects of positive telespiratory alveolar pressure (auto-PEEP) typical of gas trapping on ventilatory dynamics. This study has been carried out in a physical model of the lung. The results support the contention that in the above situation: 1) the total compliance of the respiratory system measured as the quotient between the current volume and the plateau pressure (C.DIN) shows lower values than those of the static compliance (C.EST), and 2) flow resistance at the air ways must be measured as the quotient between the time constant and the plateau pressure. It should not be measured as the quotient between the time constant and the static compliance since in that case the values would be lower than the real ones.


Subject(s)
Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation , Lung/physiology , Models, Structural , Monitoring, Physiologic , Pulmonary Ventilation , Airway Resistance , Humans , Lung Compliance , Monitoring, Physiologic/instrumentation , Pressure , Respiratory Mechanics
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