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3.
Emergencias (St. Vicenç dels Horts) ; 18(4): 207-214, jul. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-047920

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: 1. Demostrar la fiabilidad de la nueva versión del Programade Ayuda al Triaje (web_e-PAT v3), 2. Describir las diferenciasobservadas entre la población pediátrica y adulta, y 3.Evaluar la validez y utilidad clínica del web_e-PAT v3.Métodos: Investigación en dos fases: 1. Análisis de concordancia. 2.Estudio observacional prospectivo, analizando las características clínicasde los pacientes incluidos, así como una serie de sustitutos degravedad y complejidad.Resultados: 1. Análisis de concordancia: El índice kappa ponderado bicuadrado,fue de 0,90 (IC95% 0,89-0,91). La concordancia modalexacta fue del 93% y la concordancia en un nivel de triaje del 99%.2. Estudio observacional: El nivel de urgencia y la complejidad fue menoren niños que en adultos (p < 0,001). Las 10 categorías sintomáticasmás frecuentes en el niño incluyeron el 92,33% de los motivos deconsulta, frente a un 76,09% en el adulto. Se observó una buena relaciónentre el nivel de urgencia y todos los sustitutos de gravedad ycomplejidad evaluados en el adulto (p < 0,001). En el niño el tiempode estancia en urgencias y la demanda de exploraciones complementariasse relacionaron mejor con el nivel de urgencia (p< 0,001)Conclusiones: 1. El web_e-PAT v3 ha demostrado una fiabilidad excelentetanto en el niño como en el adulto. 2. Los niños se presentancon menor urgencia y complejidad y sus motivos de consulta son máshomogéneos. 3. Confirmamos la validez clínica del web_e-PAT en suaplicación tanto en población pediátrica como adulta (AU)


Aims: 1. To assess and demonstrate the realibity of the new version of the Triage Aid Program (web_ e-PAT v3). 2. To describe the differences observed between the paediatric and adult populations. 3. To assess the clinical validity and usefulness of the web_e-PAT v3 program. Methods: Two-phase investigation. 1. Agreement analysis; 2. Prospective observational study analysing the clinical characteristics of the patients included as well as a number of severity and complexity substitutes. Results: 1. Agreement analysis: The weighted kappa index (k) was 0.90 (05%CI 0.89-0.91) the exact modal agreement was 93%, and the agreement at one triage level 99%. 2. Observational study: The ten most frequent symptomatic categories in the child included 92.33 of the chief compaints, as compared to 76.09% in the adult. A good correlation was observed between the emergency level and all the severity and complexity substitutes assessed in the adult (p<0.001), in children, the time of stay in the Emergency Department and the demand for further explorations correlated better with the triage level (p<0.001). Conclusions: 1. The web_ e-PAT v3 program has demonstrated excellent reliability both in children and in adults. 2. Children present with less urgency and complexity, and their chief complaints consultation are more homogeneous. 3. We confirm the clinical validity of the web_ e-PAT v3 program in its application in both the paediatric and adult populations (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Male , Female , Humans , Software Validation , Triage/methods , Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration , Emergency Treatment/methods , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay/trends , Triage/organization & administration , Triage/trends , Prospective Studies , Signs and Symptoms , Emergency Medical Services/organization & administration , Emergency Medical Services , Emergency Medicine/methods , Emergency Medicine/organization & administration
4.
Emergencias (St. Vicenç dels Horts) ; 18(3): 156-164, jun. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-046230

ABSTRACT

La progresiva implantación del triaje estructurado en España hace necesario un esfuerzo de actualización conceptual permanente, dado que, como proceso dinámico que es, evoluciona basado en las experiencias de su implantación y gracias al avance de las evidencias científicas en torno a él. La correcta comprensión de conceptos como el de urgencia, gravedad o complejidad, introducidos y clarificados en el marco de un constructo teórico basado en el triaje estructurado, y de las necesidades adaptativas del sistema sanitario a esta nueva realidad, hacen necesario un análisis exhaustivo de las posibilidades que el triaje estructurado ofrece para mejorar de forma continua nuestra calidad asistencial, haciendo especial mención al aprovechamiento de la labor del enfermero en la atención inicial de los pacientes y a la implementación de acciones multidisciplinares desde el triaje como pueden ser, el triaje avanzado y las directrices médicas avanzadas, la actividad en las salas de visita rápida, el triaje multidisciplinar y la derivación a la atención primaria de salud (AU)


The prgressive establishment of structured triage in Spain renders necessary a permanent effort of concept updating as, being a dynamic process, the triage concept evolves based on the accumulated experience and on the scientific evidence. A correct understanding of concepts such as urgency, severity or complexity, introduced and clarified in a theorical construct based on structured triage, and of the adaptive requirements of the health care system to this new reality, demand and exhaustive analysis of the possibilities that structured triage offers for continuous improvement of the quality of assistance. Particular emphasis should be made on taking advantage of the work of the nursing personnel in the initial attention of the patient, as well as on the implementation from triage of multidisciplinary actions such as advanced triage, advanced medical guidelines, activity in Fast Track units, multidisciplinary triage and referral to primary health care (AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Triage/methods , Triage , Emergency Medical Services/methods , Emergency Medicine/methods , Emergencies/classification , Emergencies/epidemiology , Patients/classification , Patients/statistics & numerical data , Triage/classification , Triage/ethics , Triage/organization & administration , Triage/trends
8.
Gest. hosp. (Ed. impr.) ; 15(1): 3-12, ene. 2004. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-30584

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La monitorización sistemática de indicadores de calidad y de actividad asistencial, y su comparación mediante técnicas de benchmarking, son herramientas fundamentales como complemento al análisis de la casuística (case-mix), para conocer el perfil de un servicio de urgencias hospitalario (SUH).Objetivos: Analizar el comportamiento de algunos indicadores, aplicando técnicas de benchmarking, y evaluar la casuística de un SUH que dispone de un modelo de triaje de urgencias estructurado de 5 categorías (modelo andorrano de triaje: MAT).Métodos: Análisis longitudinal de todos los episodios de urgencia registrados durante el año 2002 en nuestro SUH, utilizando 2 herramientas electrónicas diseñadas para tal efecto: el programa de gestión del triaje y la estación clínica de trabajo de urgencias. Describimos nuestra casuística basándonos en el nivel de urgencia de los pacientes (grupos relacionados con la urgencia, el destino desde urgencias y la edad: GRUDE).Resultados: Durante el año 2002 se registraron en urgencias 35.731 pacientes. Los indicadores de calidad y de actividad analizados en el benchmarking mostraron un comportamiento dentro de los estándares de calidad establecidos. Respecto al análisis de la casuística, los GRUDE más frecuentes fueron el 27 (21,48 por ciento), el 28 (21,07 por ciento), el 31 (15,49 por ciento) y el 29 (13,39 por ciento); en estos 4 GRUDE se incluyó al 71,43 por ciento de los pacientes. Conclusiones: El MAT y nuestra estación clínica de trabajo han demostrado ser instrumentos que permiten realizar, con comodidad, el análisis de nuestra casuística y aportan una información fundamental a la gestión de la calidad de nuestro servicio (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Emergency Medical Services/trends , Benchmarking/methods , Quality Indicators, Health Care , Organizational Case Studies
9.
Emergencias (St. Vicenç dels Horts) ; 15(6): 339-344, dic. 2003. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-28688

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: El programa informático de ayuda al triaje (PAT) es un instrumento de ayuda a la decisión en el triaje, que disminuye su variabilidad, dota a los profesionales de un protocolo de soporte médico-legal, es un elemento de control de calidad y disminuye el tiempo necesario de formación en triaje. Evaluamos la conformidad y la validez del PAT, en relación a la escala canadiense de triaje y urgencia para los servicios de urgencias (CTAS).Métodos: Realizamos un análisis de concordancia y una validación respecto a algunos substitutos de gravedad, comparando los niveles de triaje establecidos por profesionales expertos y por el PAT, mediante una técnica de doble triaje, en dos períodos: A: Septiembre 2001-Junio 2002. Analizamos 19.002 episodios de triaje; B: 27 de junio a 7 de julio de 2002. Analizamos 616 episodios de triaje con seguimiento prospectivo caso a caso y realizamos una corrección del PAT. Resultados: El índice Kappa ponderado cuadrático (k) para el PAT corregido fue de 0,83 (95 por ciento IC 0,81-0,85), con una concordancia modal exacta del 84,74 por ciento y una concordancia modal en un nivel de triaje del 98,86 por ciento. No observamos diferencias en el comportamiento de los dos sistemas en su relación a los tiempos de estancia en urgencias, los índices de ingreso y la demanda de exploraciones complementarias. Conclusiones: La alta conformidad del PAT con la CTAS lo hace un instrumento válido y útil y consigue los objetivos planteados como instrumento docente, de control de calidad y de ayuda al triaje en base a la CTAS (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Triage/methods , Emergency Treatment , Software , Length of Stay , Prospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Clinical Protocols , Emergency Service, Hospital
10.
Emergencias (St. Vicenç dels Horts) ; 15(3): 165-174, jun. 2003. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-25310

ABSTRACT

Importado de la medicina militar, el triaje de urgencias o clasificación de pacientes en los servicios de urgencias y emergencias, como proceso asistencial estructurado, se ha convertido en los últimos años en un pilar fundamental de la asistencia en los servicios donde se ha implantado. El funcionamiento eficaz de un sistema de triaje estructurado, como indicador de calidad de riesgo y eficiencia, necesita de la existencia de un equipo de profesionales que pueda identificar las necesidades de los pacientes, decidir las prioridades y realizar las primeras medidas de atención y asistencia sanitaria. Ha de ser un equipo de profesionales cualificados y formados en la aplicación de un modelo de triaje normalizado, válido, útil y reproducible, con suficiente grado de evidencia científica como para garantizar su aplicabilidad y seguridad. Revisamos las tendencias actuales en esta disciplina de la Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias, en base a una exhaustiva revisión de la literatura y aportamos nuestra propia experiencia en la implantación de un modelo de triaje estructurado de urgencias (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Emergency Medical Services , Triage , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Triage/classification , Emergency Medicine
11.
Hipertensión (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 19(7): 321-326, oct. 2002. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-19059

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAOS) ocurre en más del 10 por ciento de la población mayor de 65 años y representa un factor de riesgo importante asociado a hipertensión, obesidad, ronquido, policitemia e insuficiencia cardíaca (30 por ciento-36 por ciento). Los pacientes presentan somnolencia diurna, pérdida de memoria, irritabilidad, deterioro intelectual e impotencia sexual. El diagnóstico se confirma con la polisomnografía o registro continuo durante el sueño nocturno que permite identificar los estadios sueño-vigilia y los parámetros cardiorrespiratorios. El tratamiento incluye pérdida de peso, abstinencia alcohólica, evitación de barbitúricos y neurolépticos, controlar la hipertensión y el empleo de presión positiva continua aérea (CPAP) en la vía respiratoria superior y apoyo ventilatorio durante el sueño. Este sistema generalmente es bien tolerado y eficaz en más del 80 por ciento de los pacientes. (AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Middle Aged , Humans , Hypertension/diagnosis , Hypertension/complications , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/complications , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/diagnosis , Obesity/complications , Snoring/complications , Polycythemia/complications , Polysomnography/methods , Risk Factors , Weight Loss , Weight Loss/physiology , Hypertrophy/complications , Depression/complications , Quality of Life , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/complications
12.
Arch Esp Urol ; 53(8): 686-91, 2000 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11126969

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To report a rare complication of acute renal failure secondary to massive vesicoinguinal hernia. To our knowledge, only 4 cases have been previously reported in the literature. METHODS: Herein we describe a case of massive vesicoinguinal hernia in a patient that had presented at the emergency services with symptoms of acute renal failure. The diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this rare complication are discussed. RESULTS: Patient evaluation showed a left inguinal hernia and benign hyperplasia of the prostate. Blood analytical findings were compatible with acute renal failure. A left massive vesicoinguinal hernia was detected on ultrasound evaluation and confirmed by retrograde cystography. Treatment was by surgical repair of the inguinal hernia, bladder repositioning and cervicoprostatotomy plus TUR of the excrescent bladder lesions to resolve the obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: Massive vesicoinguinal hernia may go undetected if the symptoms are unremarkable and may mimick those of acute renal failure.


Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury/complications , Hernia, Inguinal/complications , Urinary Bladder Diseases/complications , Acute Kidney Injury/diagnostic imaging , Aged , Hernia/complications , Hernia, Inguinal/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Male , Radiography , Urinary Bladder Diseases/diagnostic imaging
13.
Actas Urol Esp ; 22(8): 677-80, 1998 Sep.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9835088

ABSTRACT

Spontaneous renal haemorrhage or Wünderlich syndrome is a rare condition; it is however of great significance given the emergency, sometimes vital, situation that it creates. The etiology of the condition is varied, the most frequent being tumoral. The clinical manifestations and the use of imaging techniques are of great interest to establish the diagnosis. The choice treatment is controversial. This paper presents eight cases of Wünderlich syndromes seen in our urology service. The background, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and treatment used in each case are analyzed.


Subject(s)
Hemorrhage , Kidney Diseases , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Hemorrhage/etiology , Hemorrhage/therapy , Humans , Kidney Diseases/diagnosis , Kidney Diseases/etiology , Kidney Diseases/therapy , Male , Middle Aged
14.
Actas Urol Esp ; 22(5): 434-7, 1998 May.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9675926

ABSTRACT

Renal sarcoma represents 2.8% of all renal malignant tumours. The most common kind is leiomyosarcoma while rhabdomyosarcoma is the most unusual. Clinical presentation and diagnosis of both types of tumours are unspecific. Treatment is controversial and the overall prognosis poor. The present paper presents two cases, one leiomyosarcoma and one rhabdomyosarcoma which were treated surgically and were followed by chemo- and radiotherapy. A revision of the criteria for grading these as primary tumours of the kidney is also included.


Subject(s)
Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Leiomyosarcoma/pathology , Rhabdomyosarcoma/pathology , Adult , Fatal Outcome , Female , Humans , Kidney Neoplasms/surgery , Leiomyosarcoma/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Rhabdomyosarcoma/surgery
15.
Arch Esp Urol ; 50(6): 586-93, 1997.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9412358

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of the urethral pressure profile in the diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence and its possible correlation with the degree of severity of incontinence. METHODS: 175 female patients with a clinical history of urinary incontinence were evaluated; of these, 50 cases with bladder instability demonstrated by the urodynamic studies were excluded. Patient evaluation included clinical history, physical examination, analytical studies, radiological evaluation and complete urodynamic assessment, including uroflowmetry, filling and voiding cystometry, and static and dynamic urethral pressure profiles. A 10 Fr microtransducer catheter was utilized for the urethral pressure profile studies. ICS recommendations were observed. Patients were classified into three groups according to the severity of urinary incontinence based on the clinical data, physical examination and urodynamic findings. The Wilcoxson test and 2 x 2 contingency table were employed for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of the parameters analyzed for the static urethral pressure profile, statistically significant differences were found only for the maximum urethral pressure and maximum closing urethral pressure in the different groups of patients. No differences in total length or functional urethral length were observed. Comparison of the dynamic urethral pressure profiles of the different groups showed a statistically significantly higher proportion of patients with a negative dynamic urethral closing pressure in the group of patients with urodynamically and clinically demonstrated urinary incontinence than in those with no urodynamically or clinically demonstrable incontinence. CONCLUSIONS: The urethral pressure profile is sufficiently reliable to confirm the diagnosis of urinary incontinence and its degree of severity. As a diagnostic test in urinary stress incontinence, it has a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 95%.


Subject(s)
Urethra/physiopathology , Urinary Incontinence, Stress/physiopathology , Urodynamics , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Severity of Illness Index
16.
Actas Urol Esp ; 21(6): 550-7, 1997 Jun.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9412188

ABSTRACT

Retrospective analysis of definite staging and surgery results in 17 patients with renal cell tumour disseminated to lower cava vein who underwent radical nephrectomy and tumoral thrombectomy. Magnetic resonance predicted presence and level of tumoral thrombus in 100% and 88% cases, respectively. Neither venacavography or doppler echography provided additional information. Dissemination was infrahepatic in 9 (53%) cases, suprahepatic in 4 (24%) and to the right atrium in 4 (23%). Cardiopulmonary by-pass and hypothermic cardioplegia was used in 9 (53%) cases. Operative mortality and morbidity rates were 11% and 65%, respectively. The level of the thrombus did not significantly affect the prognosis which was highly affected however by regional node invasion. In all, CT and MRI can determine the extension and level of the cava vein thrombus in most cases. In our experience, disease-free survival is determined by the pathological stage and not by the extent of the cava thrombus. Radical nephrectomy and tumoral thrombectomy can provide long survival to patients with locoregional disease.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Renal Cell/secondary , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/surgery , Heart Diseases/surgery , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Kidney Neoplasms/surgery , Neoplastic Cells, Circulating , Thrombosis/surgery , Vena Cava, Inferior , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/complications , Carcinoma, Renal Cell/mortality , Female , Heart Diseases/etiology , Heart Diseases/mortality , Humans , Kidney Neoplasms/complications , Kidney Neoplasms/mortality , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate , Thrombosis/etiology , Thrombosis/mortality
17.
Actas Urol Esp ; 21(3): 268-71, 1997 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9324894

ABSTRACT

Only 0.48% of vesical tumours are of the small cells epithelial type with positive neuroendocrine immunohistochemical markers, although the description of new cases is becoming increasingly common. These tumours may be associated to paraneoplastic syndromes of the endocrine and neurological types. This paper contributes one case report of a female patient diagnosed with a small cells epithelial vesical tumour associated to myasthenia gravis. The histological and histochemical features as well as the differential diagnosis with other tumours of vesical location are explained. Clinically, these entities evolve with acute haematuria and have a highly aggressive evolution. Quite frequently the tumour is associated to neuromuscular syndromes such as Lamber-Eaton's, myasthenia-like syndromes, and in rare occasions to myasthenia gravis. Different studies have reported anti-acetylcholine receptors in cells of this tumoral class that may stimulate the formation of antibodies against the neuromotor plaque. Diagnosis of this neurological syndrome and other similar ones may be attributed to early treatment and better prognosis of this tumoral entity.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Small Cell , Myasthenia Gravis , Paraneoplastic Syndromes , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , Aged , Carcinoma, Small Cell/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Myasthenia Gravis/diagnosis , Paraneoplastic Syndromes/diagnosis , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis
18.
Ann Intern Med ; 125(12): 969-74, 1996 Dec 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8967707

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: It is often difficult to administer extended antibiotic therapy in the hospital for right-sided Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Although the effectiveness of single-drug therapy given for 4 to 6 weeks and that of two-drug therapy given for 2 weeks have been shown, no data are available on the effectiveness of short-course single-drug therapy. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of cloxacillin alone with that of cloxacillin plus gentamicin for the 2-week treatment of right-sided S. aureus endocarditis in intravenous drug users. DESIGN: Open, randomized study. SETTING: An academic tertiary care hospital in Barcelona, Spain. PATIENTS: 90 consecutive intravenous drug users who had isolated tricuspid valve endocarditis caused by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, had no allergy to study medications, and had no systemic infectious complications that required prolonged therapy. An efficacy subset consisted of 74 of these patients who did not meet an exclusion criterion. INTERVENTION: Cloxacillin (2 g intravenously every 4 hours for 14 days) alone or combined with gentamicin (1 mg/kg of body weight intravenously every 8 hours for 7 days). MEASUREMENTS: Clinical or microbiological evidence of active infection after 2 weeks of therapy, relapse of staphylococcal infection, or death. RESULTS: In an analysis of the efficacy subset, treatment was successful in 34 of the 38 patients who received cloxacillin alone (89% [95% CI, 75% to 97%]) and 31 of the 36 patients who received cloxacillin plus gentamicin (86% [CI, 71% to 95%]). Three patients died: one in the cloxacillin group and two in the combination therapy group. Of the 37 patients who completed 2-week treatment with cloxacillin, 34 (92%) were cured, and 3 (8%) needed prolonged treatment to cure the infection. Of the 34 patients who completed 2-week treatment with cloxacillin plus gentamicin, 32 (94%) were cured and 2 (6%) required treatment for 4 weeks. One patient in the combination group had relapse. CONCLUSIONS: A penicillinase-resistant penicillin used as single-agent therapy for 2 weeks was effective for most patients with isolated tricuspid endocarditis caused by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. Adding gentamicin did not appear to provide any therapeutic advantages. Additional studies to confirm the therapeutic equivalence of short-course therapy with penicillinase-resistant penicillin alone and therapy with combined regimens are warranted.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Cloxacillin/therapeutic use , Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Gentamicins/therapeutic use , Penicillins/therapeutic use , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Therapy, Combination , Endocarditis, Bacterial/complications , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Staphylococcal Infections/complications , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications , Treatment Outcome , Tricuspid Valve
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