The Petunia CHANEL Gene is a ZEITLUPE Ortholog Coordinating Growth and Scent Profiles.

The floral perianth, comprising sepals and petals, conceals the sexual organs and attracts pollinators. The coordination of growth and scent emission is not fully understood. We have analyzed the effect of knocking down CHANEL (PhCHL), the ZEITLUPE ortholog in petunia (PhCHL) by hairpin RNAs. Plants with low PhCHL mRNA had overall decreased size. Growth evaluation using time lapse image analysis showed that early leaf movement was not affected by RNAi:PhCHL, but flower angle movement was modified, moving earlier during the day in knockdown plants than in wild types. Despite differences in stem length, growth rate was not significantly affected by loss of PhCHL. In contrast, petal growth displayed lower growth rate in RNAi:PhCHL. Decreased levels of PhCHL caused strongly modified scent profiles, including changes in composition and timing of emission resulting in volatile profiles highly divergent from the wild type. Our results show a role of PhCHL in controlling growth and development of vegetative and reproductive organs in petunia. The different effects of PhCHL on organ development indicate an organ-specific interpretation of the down regulation of PhCHL. Through the control of both timing and quantitative volatile emissions, PhCHL appears to be a major coordinator of scent profiles.

[Long-acting injectable risperidone in treatment resistant borderline personality disorder. A small series report]. / Risperidona intramuscular de acción prolongada en el trastorno límite de la personalidad resistente al tratamiento.Un estudio piloto.

INTRODUCTION: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is usually treated with a combination of antipsychotic and anticonvulsant drugs although only limited efficacy is obtained in many patients. A major problem in the treatment of BPD is the lack of compliance derived form the pathological impulsivity of BPD patients. METHODS: Twelve severe BPD patients refractory to previous treatment with drug combinations for three months were treated with intramuscular long-acting risperidone for a six-month period. Clinical changes were rated with the Clinical Global Impression (CGI), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, anxiety and aggression scales. Functional improvement was evaluated with the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). RESULTS: Six-month treatment with IM risperidone was associated with significant improvement of CGI (t: 5.7 - 4.0; p<0.01) and of GAF (t: -4.5; gl: 10; p<0.01). Clinical improvement was robust after the first month of treatment. No relevant extrapiramidal side effects were reported with the exception of mild psychomotor slowing which requires dose adjustments in four patients. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with i.m. long acting risperidone during six months was associated with significant clinical and functional improvement and excellent tolerability in a group of BPD patients refractory to previous treatment. The results indicate that the effect of IM risperidone in BPD should be further investigated in large placebo-controlled trials.

Risperidona intramuscular de acción prolongada en el trastorno límite de la personalidad resistente al tratamiento. Un estudio piloto / Long-acting injectable risperidone in treatment resistant borderlinepersonality disorder. A small series report

Introducción. El uso de fármacos antipsicóticos de segunda generación en combinación con fármacos anticomiciales en el trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP) es común, pero muchos pacientes obtienen con ellos una mejoría muy limitada. Uno de los inconvenientes principales del tratamiento es el deficiente cumplimiento debido a la propia psicopatología impulsiva de los pacientes con TLP. Métodos. Doce pacientes con TLP grave y refractarios a tratamientos de combinación previos durante 3 meses fueron tratados con risperidona intramuscular de acción prolongada por un período de 6 meses. Se evaluaron los cambios clínicos mediante la Impresión Clínica Global (CGI), la Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, las escalas de ansiedad y de depresión de Hamilton y la escalas de agresión. Se evaluó la mejoría funcional mediante la evolución de la Escala de Funcionamiento Global (GAF) del DSM-IV. Resultados. El tratamiento durante 6 meses se asoció a una mejoría significativa reflejada en la CGI (t: 5,7; gl: 10;p<0,01) y en la GAF (t: –4,5; gl: 10; p<0,01) que comenzó a consolidarse a partir del primer mes de tratamiento. No se registraron efectos extra piramidales relevantes, con excepción de un moderado enlentecimiento psicomotor que requirió ajustes de dosis en cuatro pacientes. Conclusiones. El uso de risperidona intramuscular de larga duración durante 6 meses se asoció a una significativa mejoría clínica y funcional y a una excelente tolerancia en un grupo de pacientes con TLP resistentes a tratamientos previos, lo que sugiere la conveniencia de investigar este efecto en ensayos clínicos controlados (AU)

Introduction. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is usually treated with a combination of antipsychotic and anticonvulsant drugs although only limited efficacy is obtained in many patients. A major problem in the treatment of BPD is the lack of compliance derived form the pathological impulsivity of BPD patients. Methods. Twelve severe BPD patients refractory to previous treatment with drug combinations for three months were treated with intramuscular long-acting risperidone for a six-month period. Clinical changes were rated with the Clinical Global Impression (CGI), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, anxiety and aggression scales. Functional improvement was evaluated with the Global Assessment of Functionng (GAF).Results. Six-month treatment with IM risperidone was associated with significant improvement of CGI (t: 5.7; gl: 10; p<0.01) and of GAF (t: –4.5; gl: 10; p < 0.01).Clinical improvement was robust after the first month of treatment. No relevant extrapiramidal side effects were reported with the exception of mild psychomotor slowing which requires dose adjustments in four patients. Conclusions. Treatment with i. m. long acting risperidone during six months was associated with significant clinical and functional improvement and excellent tolerability yin a group of BPD patients refractory to previous treatment. The results indicate that the effect of IM risperidone in BPD should be further investigated in large placebo-controlled trials (AU)

Descripción de la composición mineral y otros parámetros de calidad del músculo longissimus dorsi delongissimus del cerdo chato murciano en pureza y cruzado con cerdo large white, en condiciones de explotación outdoor / Description of the mineral composition and other quality parameters of the muscle Longissimus dorsi of the Chato Murciano pig pure and crossed with Large White, reared outdoor

El cerdo Chato Murciano es una raza autóctona en peligro de extinción. Actualmente es explotado en sistemaintensivo y, ocasionalmente, en sistema outdoor. En este trabajo ha sido estudiada la composición mineral(calcio, magnesio, hierro, cobre, zinc, fósforo, manganeso, potasio y sodio) y otras características del músculolongísimo lumbar (Longissimus dorsi) (pH, color, grasa intramuscular) de un total de 22 animales, divididos endos lotes, Chato Murciano (CH) y Chato Murciano cruzado con Large White (CH x LW), explotados en sistemade producción outdoor.Entre los resultados obtenidos, destacamos que la carne del cerdo Chato Murciano y su cruce con LargeWhite es especialmente rica en hierro y cobre, abundante en fósforo, y ligeramente defi ciente en calcio y sodio.Además tiene unos niveles muy elevados de grasa intramuscular (13,01% en CH, 11,17% en CH x LW). Losvalores obtenidos en cuanto al color y al pH se enmarcan dentro de lo normal para esta especie.Al realizarse las correlaciones entre los diversos parámetros de calidad estudiados, destacamos para la composiciónmineral, los existentes entre hierro y cobre (0,50), cobre y magnesio (0,41), sodio y magnesio (0,39),potasio y calcio (0,40), y zinc y fósforo (0,51); además en el resto de parámetros de la carne estudiados hanaparecido diversas correlaciones positivas

The Chato Murciano pig is an autochthonous breed in danger of extinction. At present commonly rearedin an intensive system, and occasionally, in an outdoor system. In this paper the mineral composition (calcium,magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, phosphorus, manganesium, potassium and sodium) and other characteristics ofthe Longissimus dorsi muscle (pH, colour, intramuscular fat) from a total number of 22 pigs. The animals weredivided in two groups, Chato Murciano (CH) and Chato Murciano crossed with Large White (CH x LW), rearedin an outdoor system.From the results obtained, we found that the meat of the Chato Murciano pig and its cross with Large White,about the mineral composition, is especially rich in iron and copper, rich in phosphorus, and slightly poor incalcium and sodium. High levels of intramuscular fat (13,01% in CH, 11,17% in CH x LW) were founded. Thevalues obtained in colour and pH are in a normal range for this specie.About the correlations between the different quality parameters studied, we remark the founded betweeniron and copper (0,50), copper and magnesium (0,41), sodium and magnesium (0,39), potassium and calcium(0,39), zinc and phosphorus (0,51). Between the rest of parameters studied, some other positive correlationshave been as well founded

[Prospective survey on adverse effects of radiopharmaceuticals]. / Enquête prospective sur les effets indésirables des médicaments radiopharmaceutiques.

In France, radiopharmaceuticals have been considered as drugs since 1992. Few adverse reactions with radiopharmaceuticals were described in the literature. Some authors have reported a rate of 1 to 6 reactions per 100,000 injections. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of radiopharmaceutical-induced side effects. A prospective survey was performed from November 1993 to May 1995 (during 18 months) in the Department of Nuclear Medicine of the University Hospital in Toulouse. There were 14,794 injections of radiopharmaceuticals (99mTc-phytate, 99mTc-microspheres of serum albumin, 99mTc-dimercapto-succinic acid (DMSA), 99mTc-hydroxymethyldiphosphonate (HMDP), 99Tc-colloid, 99mTc, 99mTc-sestamibi, Thallium-201). Three side effects were reported: one case of necrosis at the injection site, one case of vomiting and one case of dizziness. All the cases occurred with Tc99m-pyrophosphate. According to the WHO definition, the first side effect was classified as 'serious'. The causal relationship was unlikely for the first and second case and probable for the third. The outcome of these side effects was always favorable.

[Ultrastructural, histochemical and histological study of bladder pheochromocytoma]. / Etude histologique, histochimique et ultra-structurale d'un phaeochromocytome vésical

In the rarely occuring vesical location the pheochromocytoma shows the usual features as well from morphological (conventional and ultrastructural) as from histochemical point of view. Biochemical examinations confirm the amount of adrenalin and noradrenalin. In connection with this case the authors discuss the problems related to the histogenesis of vesical pheochromocytomas and consider the linking up of this type of tumors to the APUD system.