ABSTRACT
The Health Sciences Foundation has assembled a multidisciplinary group around a series of questions about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of the general population and specific groups within that population, particularly healthcare workers. In the general population, the most prevalent mental disorders have been anxiety, sleep disorders and affective disorders, primarily depression. There has been a considerable increase in suicidal behavior, especially in young women and men over 70 years of age. There has been an increase in alcohol abuse and nicotine, cannabis and cocaine use. In contrast, the use of synthetic stimulants during periods of confinement has decreased. With regard to non-substance addictions, gambling was very limited, pornography consumption increased significantly and there was an increase in compulsive shopping and the use of video games. Particularly vulnerable groups include adolescents and patients with autism spectrum disorders. Healthcare workers suffered an increase in depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress, especially those who were exposed during the early stages of the pandemic. Female sex, being a nurse, proximity to patients with COVID-19, working in a rural environment and having previous psychiatric or organic illnesses were some of the most frequently repeated factors in various studies in this population group. The media have shown a good degree of knowledge about these problems and have dealt with them frequently and from the point of view of ethics, crisis situations, such as the one experienced, have triggered not only physical but also moral claudications.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Male , Adolescent , Humans , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Mental Health , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2 , Population Groups , Health PersonnelABSTRACT
Objetivo: Analizar las propiedades psicométricas de las escalas de demandas de la batería UNIPSICO del contexto de trabajo en valenciano/catalán.Método: La muestra la constituyen 2114 trabajadores de centros públicos de la Generalitat Valenciana, de la provincia de Valencia. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante las esca-las de la batería UNIPSICO que evalúan factores psicosociales de demandas en el trabajo (33 ítems), que se agrupan en 6 escalas: Conflicto de rol (5 ítems), ambigüedad de rol (5 ítems), carga de trabajo (6 ítems), conflictos interpersonales (6 ítems), inequidad en los intercambios sociales (5 ítems), y conflicto trabajo-familia/familia-trabajo (6 ítems). Se rea-lizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) y se calcularon los valores alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald para las escalas.Resultados: Todos los ítems presentaron valores estadísticos y psicométricos adecuados. El modelo de seis factores que reproduce la estructura original del cuestionario presentó un ajuste adecuado a los datos, con invarianza de sexo. El valor del alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald resultó aceptable para las seis escalas del instrumento.Conclusiones: Estos resultados contribuyen a la validación psicométrica del cuestionario, permitiendo concluir que las escalas de demandas de la batería UNIPSICO, en valenciano/catalán resulta un instrumento fiable y con consistencia interna para evaluar los riesgos psicosociales en personal que trabaja en la administración (AU)
Aim: To analyse the psychometric properties of the demand scales of the UNIPSICO ques-tionnaire in in Valencian / Catalan language.Method: The sample consisted of 2114 participants from public administration centres of Generalitat Valenciana in Valencia. Data were collected using the UNIPSICO questionnaire, which is grouped into six scales that measure psychosocial risk factors related to job de-mands (33 items): role conflict (5 items), role ambiguity (5 items), workload (6 items), in-terpersonal conflicts (6 items), inequity in social exchanges (5 items), and work-family and family-work conflict (6 items). We performed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and mea-sured Cronbach alpha and McDonald omega coefficients for the scales.Results: All items had adequate statistical and psychometric values. The six-factor model that reproduces the original structure of the questionnaire presented an adequate fit to the data, and gender invariance. The Cronbach alpha and McDonald omega coefficients were acceptable for the six scales of the instrument.Conclusions: These results contribute to the psychometric validation of the questionnaire and allow us to conclude that the demand scales of the UNIPSICO questionnaire translated to Valencian / Catalan language are reliable and possess construct validity for the assess-ment of psychosocial risk factors in government employees (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires , Occupational Health , Psychosocial Impact , Psychometrics , Factor Analysis, StatisticalABSTRACT
This article brings together the views of a working group to deliberate on Burnout among Physicians in Spain. The document is the result of the answers that different members of the group have prepared to different questions on the subject with conclusions derived from the discussion among all the participants. Burnout is an entity with a high incidence in physicians, with serious work, personal and economic repercussions, whose recognition as a disease is changing in recent years. Particularly affected are some specialties, such as Primary Care, Oncology, Intensive Care Medicine, and Palliative Care. The common factor being an increased qualitative or quantitative demand on the professional. Although it may have a substratum of personal characteristics, it is more commonly associated with extrinsic factors specific to the organisation of work and the management of occupational risks. It involves serious indirect costs for the health system including absenteeism, high financial costs and leads to loss of health and well-being in people who suffer it.
ABSTRACT
ACCESSIBLE SUMMARY: The burnout syndrome contributes to the deterioration in the quality of personal life as well as lower quality practice in healthcare personnel. Researchers have been concerned about the psychometric limitations of some previous questionnaires designed to evaluate burnout. The Spanish Burnout Inventory was developed to address the problems associated with other instruments, but it has not yet been validated in staff nurses. This study provides evidence that the Spanish Burnout Inventory has adequate psychometric properties to estimate burnout in staff nurses. The Spanish Burnout Inventory offers a theoretical proposal to explain the different components of burnout. The Spanish Burnout Inventory provides researchers and practitioners with an expanded conceptualization of the burnout syndrome, which can facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of nursing professionals. ABSTRACT: Researchers have been concerned about the psychometric limitations of the some previous questionnaires designed to evaluate burnout. To address these problems associated with previous instruments, the Spanish Burnout Inventory (SBI) was developed. The instrument has not yet been validated in staff nurses. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the SBI. The sample consisted of 720 staff nurses from two Spanish general hospitals. The instrument is composed of 20 items distributed in four dimensions: Enthusiasm towards the job (five items), Psychological exhaustion (four items), Indolence (six items) and Guilt (five items). Data were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. To assess the factorial validity of the SBI, four alternative models were tested. Results show that the four-factor model of the SBI has adequate psychometric properties for the study of burnout in staff nurses. This model fitted the data better than the alternative models. The study provides evidence of the adequate psychometric properties of a measure to evaluate burnout in nursing professionals. The SBI proposes a theoretical explanation for the different types of burnout, facilitating the diagnosis and treatment of staff nurses.
Subject(s)
Burnout, Professional/diagnosis , Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Spain , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The problem of mobbing has attracted a great deal of attention over the past few years. This concern has increased the study of the phenomena, which has resulted in many scientific publications. Mobbing has been characterised as an emerging risk at work. The aim of this longitudinal study was to analyse the influence of mobbing on depressive symptoms in a sample of employees working with people with intellectual disabilities (ID). METHOD: The sample consisted of 372 Spanish employees working with people with ID at 61 job centres in the Valencian Community (Spain). Seventy-nine (21.2%) participants were men, and 293 were (78.8%) women. Mobbing was evaluated by the Mobbing-UNIPSICO scale, and depressive symptoms were measured using the Zung Self Rating Depression Scale. Using analyses of variance (anova), we tested the differences in depressive symptoms according to the mobbing criteria indicated by Leymann, that is, frequency and duration at Time 1 and Time 2. RESULTS: Employees who met the mobbing criteria: frequency (at least once a week) and duration (at least 6 months) at the two study times presented significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms than employees who met mobbing criteria at Time 1, but did not meet any criteria for mobbing at Time 2, and employees who did not meet any criteria for mobbing at Time 1 or Time 2. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that permanence of mobbing from Time 1 to Time 2 increases depressive symptoms.
Subject(s)
Bullying/psychology , Depression/psychology , Employment/psychology , Intellectual Disability/psychology , Adult , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Burnout has been recognised as an important stress-related problem for employees working with people with intellectual disability. Researchers have been troubled by some of the psychometric limitations of the questionnaires developed to evaluate burnout. This study was designed to assess the psychometric properties of the Spanish Burnout Inventory. METHOD: The sample consisted of 697 Spanish employees working in intellectual disability services. The instrument is composed of 20 items distributed in four dimensions: Enthusiasm towards the job, Psychological exhaustion, Indolence and Guilt. The psychometric properties were examined through the following analyses: confirmatory factor analysis and reliability. To assess the factorial validity of the Spanish Burnout Inventory, four alternative models were tested. RESULTS: The four-factor model obtained an adequate data fit for the sample. The four sub-scales exhibited high reliability, with Cronbach alphas exceeding the critical value of 0.70. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence showing the adequate psychometric properties of an alternative burnout measure that could facilitate the diagnosis of individuals with burnout. It recommends taking feelings of guilt into consideration in interventions designed to improve staff burnout.
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Burnout, Professional/diagnosis , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Health Personnel/psychology , Intellectual Disability/therapy , Psychometrics/methods , Adult , Emotions , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Personality Inventory , Psychometrics/standards , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
El objetivo del estudio es analizar la influencia del apoyo social en el trabajo, la falta de reciprocidad percibida en los intercambios sociales y los conflictos interpersonales sobre el síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo (SQT) (burnout). La muestra consta de 706 profesionales de enfermería. El SQT se estimó mediante el MBIHSS, el apoyo social mediante una escala de 9 ítems, la falta de reciprocidad con 5 ítems, y los conflictos interpersonales con 6 ítems. Los resultados muestran que el apoyo social, la falta de reciprocidad y los conflictos interpersonales fueron predictores significativos de agotamiento emocional. En el factor realización personal resultó significativo el apoyo social y los conflictos interpersonales. En despersonalización, fueron predictores significativos el agotamiento emocional, los conflictos interpersonales y la realización personal. Se encontró un efecto modulador del apoyo social sobre la relación entre la falta de reciprocidad y el agotamiento emocional
The purpose of this study is to analyze tbe influence of social support in tbe workplace, imbalance and interpersonal conflicts on burnout. The sample consists of 706 nursing professionals. Burnout was estimated by MBI-HSS, social support by a scale of 9 items, imbalance by 5 items and interpersonal conflicts by 6 items. Results indicate tbat social support, imbalance and interpersonal conflicts were significant predictors of emotional exhaustion. Social support and interpersonal conflicts were significant predictors of personal accomplishment. And emotional exhaustion, interpersonal conflicts and personal accomplishment showed significant influence on depersonalization. Results indicate buffering effects of social support in tbe relationship between imbalance and tbe emotional exhaustion
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Nurses/psychology , Psychosocial Deprivation , Social Support , Interpersonal Relations , 16360 , Job SatisfactionABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio es analizar si en el proceso de estrés laboral el síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo (burnout) interviene como variable mediadora en el desarrollo de problemas de salud percibidos y en las actitudes hacia el absentismo. La muestra son 72 teleoperadores. Las variables antecedentes fueron las disfunciones del rol, y la falta de apoyo social en el trabajo por parte del supervisor. Los resultados de LISREL 8 apoyan el objetivo formulado. Se recomienda formar en habilidades de gestión y dirección de personal a los supervisores para evitar el deterioro psicológico de los trabajadores (AU)
