[Grounds for a multi-component programme for counselling families with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]. / Fundamentación de un programa multicomponencialde asesoramiento a familias con hijos con trastornopor déficit de atención/hiperactividad.

AIM: To analyse the change of perspective in the approach used in counselling programmes for parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). DEVELOPMENT: Research focused on analysing the familial context of people with ADHD has shown that parents experience higher levels of tension and feelings of low degrees of competence. Furthermore, the stress that occurs in parenting is significantly related to the application of discipline techniques that are inefficient, too lenient or too strict. CONCLUSIONS: We present a parent counselling programme that was designed in accordance with the latest guidelines and includes procedures for managing stress and communicative skills, as well as behavioural modification training.

Fundamentación de un programa multicomponencial de asesoramiento a familias con hijos con trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad / Grounds for a multi-component programme for counselling families with children with attention déficit hyperactivity disorder

Objetivo. Analizar el cambio de perspectiva en el planteamiento de los programas de asesoramiento a padres de niños con trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH). Desarrollo. Las investigaciones que se han focalizado en el análisis del contexto familiar de personas con TDAH han revelado que los padres experimentan niveles más altos de tensión y sentimientos de baja competencia. Además, el estrés en el ejercicio de la paternidad está significativamente relacionado con la aplicación de técnicas de disciplina ineficaces, demasiado permisivas o impositivas. Conclusiones. Se presenta un programa de asesoramiento a padres siguiendo las directrices más actuales, que incluye, además del entrenamiento en modificación de conducta, procedimientos para el manejo del estrés y de la habilidad de comunicación (AU)

Aim. To analyse the change of perspective in the approach used in counselling programmes for parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Development. Research focused on analysing the familial context of people with ADHD has shown that parents experience higher levels of tension and feelings of low degrees of competence. Furthermore, the stress that occurs in parenting is significantly related to the application of discipline techniques that are inefficient, too lenient or too strict. Conclusions. We present a parent counselling programme that was designed in accordance with the latest guidelines and includes procedures for managing stress and communicative skills, as well as behavioural modification training (AU)

[Discipline styles in families with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: their influence on the course of the disorder]. / Estilos de disciplina en familias con hijos con trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad: influencia en la evolucion del trastorno.

INTRODUCTION: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is caused by hereditary factors but it can only really be understood using a model that takes into account the interaction between genes and the environment. Discipline styles stand out among the factors offered by the familial environment that can influence the course of ADHD. AIMS: To compare the discipline styles employed by mothers of children with and without ADHD and to analyse how the subtype of ADHD and the presence of oppositional defiant disorder influence the discipline styles utilised by mothers of children with ADHD. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We divided 167 mothers into two groups, one consisting of those who had a child with ADHD (n = 114) and a control group (n = 53), and they were asked to answer a semi-structured interview and a questionnaire about discipline styles. RESULTS: The statistical analyses showed that mothers of children with ADHD used more severe discipline strategies, especially if the ADHD was associated with oppositional defiant disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions must include family guidance focused on the dimensions of self-control and affective expression.

Estilos de disciplina en familias con hijos con trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad: influencia en la evolución del trastorno / Discipline styles in families with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: their influence on the course of the disorder

Introducción. El trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad (TDAH) tiene un origen hereditario, pero su comprensión debe enmarcarse en un modelo que contemple la interacción genes/ambiente. Los estilos de disciplina destacan entre los factores del ambiente familiar que pueden influir en el curso del TDAH. Objetivos. Comparar los estilos de disciplina de madres de niños con TDAH y sin TDAH, y analizar la influencia del subtipo de TDAH y la presencia de trastorno oposicionista desafiante en los estilos de disciplina de las madres de niños con TDAH. Sujetos y métodos. 167 madres, divididas en dos grupos, grupo con un hijo con TDAH (n = 114) y grupo de control (n = 53), cumplimentaron una entrevista semiestructurada y un cuestionario de estilos de disciplina. Resultados. Los análisis estadísticos señalaron que las madres de niños con TDAH utilizaban más estrategias severas de disciplina, especialmente si el TDAH estaba asociado a un trastorno oposicionista desafiante. Conclusión. Las intervenciones deben incorporar un componente de asesoramiento familiar centrado en las dimensiones de autocontrol y de expresión afectiva

Introduction. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is caused by hereditary factors but it can only really be understood using a model that takes into account the interaction between genes and the environment. Discipline styles stand out among the factors offered by the familial environment that can influence the course of ADHD. Aims. To compare the discipline styles employed by mothers of children with and without ADHD and to analyse how the subtype of ADHD and the presence of oppositional defiant disorder influence the discipline styles utilised by mothers of children with ADHD. Subjects and methods. We divided 167 mothers into two groups, one consisting of those who had a child with ADHD (n = 114) and a control group (n = 53), and they were asked to answer a semi-structured interview and a questionnaire about discipline styles. Results. The statistical analyses showed that mothers of children with ADHD used more severe discipline strategies, especially if the ADHD was associated with oppositional defiant disorder. Conclusions. Interventions must include family guidance focused on the dimensions of self-control and affective expression