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1.
Arch Esp Urol ; 74(2): 208-214, 2021 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33650535

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Penile metastasis is a very rare clinical entity. The primary origin is usually genitourinar y followed by the gastrointestinal. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of the available literature on a case of penile metastasis of urothelial bladder carcinoma. RESULTS: Penile metastasis is an exceptional entity despite the rich vascularization of this organ. Less than 500 cases have been described. Most cases manifestas exophytic or nodular lesions. Its association with disseminated disease conditions its palliative management in a large part of the cases, as well as an unfavorable prognosis. In selected cases, surgical treatment can be chosen. CONCLUSIONS: Since its clinical presentation is variable, clinical suspicion is important in the presence of a skin lesion of torpid evolution taking into account the patient's oncological history.


OBJETIVO: La metástasis peneana es una entidad clínica muy poco frecuente. El origen primario suele ser genitourinario seguido del gastrointestinal. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Revisión de la literatura disponible a propósito de un caso de metástasis peneana de carcinoma urotelial de vejiga. RESULTADOS: La metástasis peneana es una entidad excepcional a pesar de la rica vascularización de este órgano. Se han descrito menos de 500 casos hasta  la fecha. La mayor parte de los casos se manifiestan como lesiones exofíticas o nodulares. Su asociación a enfermedad diseminada, condiciona su manejo paliativo en gran parte de los casos, así como un pronóstico desfavorable. En casos seleccionados puede optarse por tratamiento quirúrgico. CONCLUSIONES: Dado que su presentación clínica es variable, es importante la sospecha clínica ante la presencia de una lesión cutánea de evolución tórpida teniendo en cuenta los antecedentes oncológicos del paciente.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell , Penile Neoplasms , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , Humans , Male , Penis , Prognosis
2.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 74(2): 208-214, mar. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-202660

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: La metástasis peneana es una entidad clínica muy poco frecuente. El origen primario suele ser genitourinario seguido del gastrointestinal. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Revisión de la literatura disponible a propósito de un caso de metástasis peneana de carcinoma urotelial de vejiga. RESULTADOS: La metástasis peneana es una entidad excepcional a pesar de la rica vascularización de este órgano. Se han descrito menos de 500 casos hasta la fecha. La mayor parte de los casos se manifiestan como lesiones exofíticas o nodulares. Su asociación a enfermedad diseminada, condiciona su manejo paliativo en gran parte de los casos, así como un pronóstico desfavorable. En casos seleccionados puede optarse por tratamiento quirúrgico. CONCLUSIONES: Dado que su presentación clínica es variable, es importante la sospecha clínica ante la presencia de una lesión cutánea de evolución tórpida teniendo en cuenta los antecedentes oncológicos del paciente


OBJECTIVE: Penile metastasis is a very rare clinical entity. The primary origin is usually genitourinary followed by the gastrointestinal. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of the available literature on a case of penile metastasis of urothelial bladder carcinoma. RESULTS: Penile metastasis is an exceptional entity despite the rich vascularization of this organ. Less than 500 cases have been described. Most cases manifest as exophytic or nodular lesions. Its association with disseminated disease conditions its palliative management in a large part of the cases, as well as an unfavorable prognosis. In selected cases, surgical treatment can be chosen. CONCLUSIONS: Since its clinical presentation is variable, clinical suspicion is important in the presence of a skin lesion of torpid evolution taking into account the patient’s oncological history


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/secondary , Penile Neoplasms/secondary , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Biopsy , Immunohistochemistry , Prognosis
3.
Arch Esp Urol ; 73(3): 172-182, 2020 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32240107

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of laparoscopy in patients with renal cancer treated with radical nephrectomy in terms of surgical time, hospital stay, postoperative complications and survival.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 570 patients with renal cancer treated with radical nephrectomyin stage ≤pT3a. Differences between groups were analysed using ANOVA test for quantitative variables and Chi squared test for qualitative. In order to evaluate possible risk factors for longer hospital stay and surgical time, multivariate analysis was performed (lineal regression). For complications we performed binary logistic regression. Overall survival (OS), recurrence free survival (RFS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) were estimated using Kaplan Meier and compared using Log Rank test. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed using Cox regression in order to identify independent risk factors for overall, cancer specific and recurrence mortality. RESULTS: Two cohorts: 361 (63.3%) open radical nephrectomies (ORN) and 209 (36.7%) laparoscopic (LRN). Surgical time was longer in LRN (p=0.001) globally. After the period when the learning curve was over these differences were no longer significant. Hospital stay was shorter in LRN (p=0.0001). cT stage (p=0.005) and surgical access (p=0.001) acted as independent risk factors for longer surgical time. 33,5% (121 patients) of the ORN had some sort of postoperative complication vs. 11% (23 patients) in the LRN group (p=0.0001). These differences were observed in the Clavien-Dindo's grade II group. Independent risk factors for postoperative complications observed were: ASA≥III (OR=1.82, p=0.004) and stage pT3a (OR=2.29,p=0.0001). Laparoscopy acted as a protective factor for complications (OR=0,26, p=0.0001). Surgical access did not influence RFS (HR=0.87, p=0.50), CSS(HR=0.69, p=0.12). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic access to RN in patients with renal cancer in ≤pT3a stage increased surgical time only in the first years, reduced hospital stayand postoperative complications and did not influence RFS, OS or CSS.


OBJETIVO: El objetivo del estudio es evaluarla influencia de la laparoscopia en pacientes concáncer renal tratados con nefrectomía radical (NR) en términos de tiempo quirúrgico, estancia media, complicaciones postoperatorias y supervivencia.MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Análisis retrospectivo de 570 pacientes con cáncer renal tratados con NR en estadio ≤pT3a comparando cohorte de acceso abierto (NRA) y laparoscópico (NRL). Contraste de variables cualitativas con el test de Chi cuadrado y cuantitativas con ANOVA. Para identificar factores de riesgo (FR) de tiempo quirúrgico y estancia media se utilizó regresión lineal multivariante y para complicaciones la regresión logística binaria. Estimación de la supervivencia libre de recidiva (SLR), global (SG) y cáncer específica (SCE) mediante Kaplan-Meier y test de log-rank para analizar las diferencias. Análisis multivariante mediante regresión de Cox para identificar variables predictoras independientes (VPI) de SLR y SCE. Todos los cálculos se han realizado con el paquete estadístico IBM® SPSS® statisticsv-21. RESULTADOS: Dos cohortes: 361 (63,3%) NRA y 209(36,7%) NRL. El tiempo de cirugía fue mayor en NRL (p=0,001) de forma global siendo las diferencias entre ambas en el periodo tras la curva de aprendizaje no significativas. La estancia media fue menor en NRL(p=0,0001). El estadio cT (p=0,005) y la vía de acceso (p=0,001) se comportaron como VPI de prolongación del tiempo quirúrgico. El 33,5% (121 casos) de las NRA presentaron algún tipo de complicación en el postoperatorio, frente al 11% (23 casos) de las NRL (p=0,0001). Esta diferencia se observó en complicaciones tipo II de Clavien. VPI de complicaciones postoperatorias: ASA≥III (OR=1,82, p=0,004) y el estadio pT3a (OR=2,29, p=0,0001). La laparoscopia se comportó como factor protector de complicaciones (OR=0,26, p=0,0001). La vía de acceso no influyó en la SLR (HR=0,87, p=0,50) ni en la SCE (HR=0,69,p=0,12). CONCLUSIONES: El acceso laparoscópico a la nefrectomía radical en pacientes con cáncer renal en estadio ≤pT3a aumentó el tiempo quirúrgico pero solo en los primeros años, presentó menor estancia y complicacionespostoperatorias y no influyó en la SG,SLR y SCE.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Renal Cell/surgery , Kidney Neoplasms/surgery , Laparoscopy , Humans , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Nephrectomy , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
4.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 73(3): 172-182, abr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-192914

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: El objetivo del estudio es evaluarla influencia de la laparoscopia en pacientes concáncer renal tratados con nefrectomía radical (NR) en términos de tiempo quirúrgico, estancia media, complicaciones postoperatorias y supervivencia. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Análisis retrospectivo de 570 pacientes con cáncer renal tratados con NR en estadio ≤ pT3a comparando cohorte de acceso abierto (NRA) y laparoscópico (NRL). Contraste de variables cualitativas con el test de Chi cuadrado y cuantitativas con ANOVA. Para identificar factores de riesgo (FR) de tiempo quirúrgico y estancia media se utilizó regresión lineal multivariante y para complicaciones la regresión logística binaria. Estimación de la supervivencia libre de recidiva (SLR), global (SG) y cáncer específica (SCE) mediante Kaplan-Meier y test de log-rank para analizar las diferencias. Análisis multivariante mediante regresión de Cox para identificar variables predictoras independientes (VPI) de SLR y SCE. Todos los cálculos se han realizado con el paquete estadístico IBM® SPSS® statisticsv-21. RESULTADOS: Dos cohortes: 361 (63,3%) NRA y 209(36,7%) NRL. El tiempo de cirugía fue mayor en NRL (p = 0,001) de forma global siendo las diferencias entre ambas en el periodo tras la curva de aprendizaje no significativas. La estancia media fue menor en NRL(p = 0,0001). El estadio cT (p = 0,005) y la vía de acceso (p = 0,001) se comportaron como VPI de prolongación del tiempo quirúrgico. El 33,5% (121 casos) de las NRA presentaron algún tipo de complicación en el postoperatorio, frente al 11% (23 casos) de las NRL (p = 0,0001). Esta diferencia se observó en complicaciones tipo II de Clavien. VPI de complicaciones postoperatorias: ASA ≥ III (OR=1,82, p = 0,004) y el estadio pT3a (OR=2,29, p = 0,0001). La laparoscopia se comportó como factor protector de complicaciones (OR=0,26, p = 0,0001). La vía de acceso no influyó en la SLR (HR=0,87, p = 0,50) ni en la SCE (HR = 0,69, p = 0,12). CONCLUSIONES: El acceso laparoscópico a la nefrectomía radical en pacientes con cáncer renal en estadio ≤ pT3a aumentó el tiempo quirúrgico pero solo en los primeros años, presentó menor estancia y complicaciones postoperatorias y no influyó en la SG,SLR y SCE


OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of laparoscopy in patients with renal cancer treated with radical nephrectomy in terms of surgical time, hospital stay, postoperative complications and survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 570 patients with renal cancer treated with radical nephrectomy in stage ≤pT3a. Differences between groups were analysed using ANOVA test for quantitative variables and Chi squared test for qualitative. In order to evaluate possible risk factors for longer hospital stay and surgical time, multivariate analysis was performed (lineal regression). For complications we performed binary logistic regression. Overall survival (OS), recurrence free survival (RFS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) were estimated using Kaplan Meier and compared using Log Rank test. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed using Cox regression in order to identify independent risk factors for overall, cancer specific and recurrence mortality. RESULTS: Two cohorts: 361 (63.3%) open radical nephrectomies (ORN) and 209 (36.7%) laparoscopic (LRN). Surgical time was longer in LRN (p=0.001) globally. After the period when the learning curve was over these differences were no longer significant. Hospital stay was shorter in LRN (p=0.0001). cT stage (p=0.005) and surgical access (p=0.001) acted as independent risk factors for longer surgical time. 33,5% (121 patients) of the ORN had some sort of postoperative complication vs. 11% (23 patients) in the LRN group (p=0.0001). These differences were observed in the Clavien-Dindo’s grade II group. Independent risk factors for postoperative complications observed were: ASA≥III (OR=1.82, p=0.004) and stage pT3a (OR=2.29, p=0.0001). Laparoscopy acted as a protective factor for complications (OR=0,26, p=0.0001). Surgical Access did not influence RFS (HR=0.87, p=0.50), CSS (HR=0.69, p=0.12). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic access to RN in patients with renal cancer in ≤pT3a stage increased surgical time only in the first years, reduced hospital stay and postoperative complications and did not influence RFS, OS or CSS


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Nephrectomy , Kidney Neoplasms/surgery , Laparoscopy , Operative Time , Length of Stay , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Logistic Models , Progression-Free Survival
5.
Arch Esp Urol ; 70(4): 468-474, 2017 May.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28530627

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a disease that may condition a severe involvement of various organs, mainly upper urinary tract, even causing renal insufficiency. It was first described by Albarran in 1905 and it is also known as Ormonds disease. The correct diagnosis includes, in many cases, the performance of one or more tests: CT scan, MRI, renal scan, etc. It is often necessary the insertion of double J catheters on percutaneous nephrostomy tubes with the aim to preserve renal function. Initial treatment is medical, based on corticoids, and , less frequent, immunosuppressive or chemotherapy drugs. Surgery is the treatment of choice when ureteral entrapment by the fibrous plaque is not solved with medical treatment. Such operation may be performed with a conventional open approach (laparotomy) or by pure, hand assisted laparoscopic surgery, or robotic surgery. In all cases, the technique involves freeing the ureters from the fibrous plaque that entraps them, leaving them intraperitoneal, and it is recommendable to wrap them with an omental flap. The implantation of minimally invasive techniques has made that, in groups with experience in laparoscopy, open surgery is being abandoned and the laparoscopic approach indication is increasing. Our group has performed 10 laparoscopic ureterolysis from 2005. In two patients, it was bilateral. Despite surgical repair, two renal units were lost, keeping the rest with different levels of renal function depending on the preoperative level of disease. We did not have major complications and the mean hospital stay was 5.5 days. Although, there is not important published scientific evidence about this technique and it is unlikely we will have it in an immediate future, due to the rarity of this disease, and the different degree of involvement that conditions. It is not unreasonable to propose that, based on the literature reviewed and our own experience, laparoscopic approaches, despite being complex, may solve the ureteral entrapment with similar results to open surgery but less morbidity and shorter hospital stay.


Subject(s)
Laparoscopy , Retroperitoneal Fibrosis/surgery , Humans
6.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 70(4): 468-474, mayo 2017.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-163832

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: La fibrosis retroperitoneal es una enfermedad que puede condicionar una afectación severa de distintos órganos, fundamentalmente del aparato urinario superior, pudiendo llegar incluso a ser la causa de una insuficiencia renal. Fue descrita por Albarrán en 1905 y se le conoce también como enfermedad de Ormond. El diagnóstico correcto que incluye, en muchos de los casos, la realización de una o varias pruebas: TAC (tomografía axial computarizada), RNM (resonancia nuclear magnética), gammagrafía renal, etc, obliga con relativa frecuencia, a la colocación de catéteres doble J o nefrostomías percutáneas con el fin de preservar la función de los riñones. El tratamiento inicial es médico, basado en la utilización de corticoides y, con menos frecuencia inmunosupresores o quimioterápicos. La cirugía es el tratamiento de elección cuando el atrapamiento ureteral por la placa fibrosa no queda resuelto con el tratamiento médico indicado en cada paciente. Dicha cirugía puede hacerse mediante un abordaje convencional (laparotomía) o mediante cirugía laparoscópica pura, manoasistida o robótica. En todos los casos la técnica consiste en liberar el o los uréteres de la placa fibrosa que los atrapa, dejarlos situados a nivel intraperitoneal y es recomendable utilizar un manguito de epiplon para envolverlos. La implantación cada vez mayor de las técnicas menos invasivas ha hecho que, en los grupos con experiencia laparoscópica, se vaya abandonando la cirugía abierta y sea cada vez más frecuente la indicación del abordaje laparoscópico. Nuestro grupo ha realizado 10 ureterolisis laparoscópicas desde el año 2005 en el que la indicamos por primera vez. En dos pacientes la técnica se realizó en los dos uréteres a la vez. Se perdieron, a pesar de la cirugía, dos unidades renales, manteniéndose el resto con distintos niveles de función renal dependiendo del grado de afectación que presentaban previamente. No tuvimos complicaciones mayores siendo la estancia media hospitalaria de 5,5 días. Aunque la literatura actual no tiene publicaciones sobre estas técnicas con importante evidencia científica y, por la rareza de la enfermedad y el distinto nivel de afectación que condiciona, es poco probable que las tengamos en un futuro inmediato, no es descabellado plantear, en base a la literatura revisada y a nuestra propia experiencia que, aunque complejos, los abordajes laparoscópicos pueden solucionar el atrapamiento ureteral con resultados similares a la cirugía abierta pero con menor morbilidad y menor estancia hospitalaria


OBJECTIVES: Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a disease that may condition a severe involvement of various organs, mainly upper urinary tract, even causing renal insufficiency. It was first described by Albarran in 1905 and it is also known as Ormonds disease. The correct diagnosis includes, in many cases, the performance of one or more tests: CT scan, MRI, renal scan, etc. It is often necessary the insertion of double J catheters on percutaneous nephrostomy tubes with the aim to preserve renal function. Initial treatment is medical, based on corticoids, and, less frequent, immunosuppressive or chemotherapy drugs. Surgery is the treatment of choice when ureteral entrapment by the fibrous plaque is not solved with medical treatment. Such operation may be performed with a conventional open approach (laparotomy) or by pure, hand assisted laparoscopic surgery, or robotic surgery. In all cases, the technique involves freeing the ureters from the fibrous plaque that entraps them, leaving them intraperitoneal, and it is recommendable to wrap them with an omental flap. The implantation of minimally invasive techniques has made that, in groups with experience in laparoscopy, open surgery is being abandoned and the laparoscopic approach indication is increasing. Our group has performed 10 laparoscopic ureterolysis from 2005. In two patients, it was bilateral. Despite surgical repair, two renal units were lost, keeping the rest with different levels of renal function depending on the preoperative level of disease. We did not have major complications and the mean hospital stay was 5.5 days. Although, there is not important published scientific evidence about this technique and it is unlikely we will have it in an immediate future, due to the rarity of this disease, and the different degree of involvement that conditions,. It is not unreasonable to propose that, based on the literature reviewed and our own experience, laparoscopic approaches, despite being complex, may solve the ureteral entrapment with similar results to open surgery but less morbidity and shorter hospital stay


Subject(s)
Humans , Laparoscopy/methods , Retroperitoneal Fibrosis/surgery , Robotic Surgical Procedures/methods , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Urethral Obstruction/complications
7.
Arch Esp Urol ; 66(8): 787-95, 2013 Oct.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24136482

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors for progression in patients with invasive bladder carcinoma who were pT0/pT1/pTa after cystectomy. METHODS: We analyzed the clinical records of 97 post-cystectomy pT0/pT1/pTa patients for the following variables: hydronephrosis, carcinoma in situ (CIS), lymphovascular invasion, history of non-muscular invasive disease, residual tumor in the specimen and lymphatic invasion (pN). pN+patients were excluded from definitive analysis. The quantitative and qualitative variables were analyzed using standard statistics. The chi-square test was used to analyze associations between categorical variables. Univariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis (enter method) was performed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate survival and the log-rank test to assess differences between groups. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 15.0. RESULTS: The study sample included 97 cases. The specimen was staged at T2 in 97% of patients after transurethral resection (TUR); After cystectomy, the specimen was staged as pT0 (R0) in 44.3% and pT1/Ta (R1) in 55.7%. Median follow-up was 47 months. Lymph node metastasis were detected in 5.2% of patients (pN+rpar; and had a negative impact on survival (p=0.02). Overall survival was 59.8% and cancer-specific survival 76.6%. Univariate analysis showed a relationship between tumor progression and the presence of CIS (p < 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (p=0.049), and hydronephrosis(p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, only the presence of CIS in the transurethral resection was associated with reduced cancer-specific survival (HR 100.5; 95% CI, 10.8 to 933.1; pp<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Although the prognosis of stage pT0/pT1/pTa carcinoma in the cystectomy specimen is excellent, some patients experience progression. The presence of CIS in the transurethral resection was an independent predictor of recurrence in these cases.


Subject(s)
Cystectomy , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors
8.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 66(8): 787-795, oct. 2013. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-129200

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Los pacientes con estadio pT0-1-a post-cistectomía tienen una elevada supervivencia, pero un porcentaje de ellos presentará progresión tumoral y muerte por esta causa. Identificación de los factores de riesgo de progresión en pacientes con carcinoma vesical infiltrante que fueron pT0-1-a post-cistectomía. MÉTODOS: Se recogieron 97 pacientes pT0-1 post-cistectomía. Se analizaron las siguientes variables: hidronefrosis, CIS, invasión linfovascular, antecedente de TVNMI, tumor residual en la pieza e invasión linfática (pN). Los pacientes con pN+ fueron excluidos del análisis. Los pacientes con pN+ (5 casos) fueron excluidos del análisis final, que se realizó sobre 92 casos. Las variables cuantitativas y cualitativas se analizaron mediante los estadísticos habituales. La Chi cuadrado se utilizó para evaluar asociaciones entre variables categóricas. Se realizó un análisis univariante y posteriormente se ajustó mediante un modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox (método enter). El método de Kaplan-Meier se ha utilizado para evaluar la supervivencia y el test de long-rank para evaluar las diferencias entre los distintos grupos. La significación estadística se consideró cuando existió una p<0,05. Todos los cálculos se han realizado con el programa estadístico SPSS versión 15.0 en castellano. RESULTADOS: 97 casos cumplían los criterios de inclusión. El 97% fueron T2 y el resto T3 en la RTU. El 44,3% fueron pT0 (R0) y el 55,7% pT1-a (R1). La mediana de seguimiento fue de 47 meses. El 5,2% de los pacientes fueron pN+, con un impacto negativo en la supervivencia (p=0,02). La supervivencia global fue del 59,8% y la cáncer-específica del 76,6%. En el análisis univariante se observó una relación entre la progresión tumoral y la presencia de CIS (p<0,001), invasión linfovascular (p=0,049) e hidronefrosis (p<0,001). En el análisis multivariante, solo la presencia de CIS en la RTU se asoció a una menor supervivencia cáncer-específica (HR 100,5; 95% IC 10,8-933,1; p<0,001). CONCLUSIONES: Aunque el pronóstico de los pacientes pT0/pT1/pTa en la pieza de cistectomía es excelente, algunos presentan progresión. La presencia de CIS en la RTU ha demostrado ser un factor predictor de recidiva y progresión independiente de recidiva en estos casos (AU)


OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors for progression in patients with invasive bladder carcinoma who were pT0/pT1/pTa after cystectomy. METHODS: We analyzed the clinical records of 97 post-cystectomy pT0/pT1/pTa patients for the following variables: hydronephrosis, carcinoma in situ (CIS), lymphovascular invasion, history of non-muscular invasive disease, residual tumor in the specimen and lymphatic invasion (pN). pN+ patients were excluded from definitive analysis. The quantitative and qualitative variables were analyzed using standard statistics. The chi-square test was used to analyze associations between categorical variables. Univariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis (enter method) was performed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate survival and the log-rank test to assess differences between groups. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 15.0. RESULTS: The study sample included 97 cases. The specimen was staged at T2 in 97% of patients after transurethral resection (TUR); After cystectomy, the specimen was staged as pT0 (R0) in 44.3% and pT1/Ta (R1) in 55.7%. Median follow-up was 47 months. Lymph node metastasis were detected in 5.2% of patients (pN+) and had a negative impact on survival (p=0.02). Overall survival was 59.8% and cancer-specific survival 76.6%. Univariate analysis showed a relationship between tumor progression and the presence of CIS (p<0.001), lymphovascular invasion (p=0.049), and hydronephrosis (p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, only the presence of CIS in the transurtethral resection was associated with reduced cancer-specific survival (HR 100.5; 95% CI, 10.8 to 933.1; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Although the prognosis of stage pT0/pT1/pTa carcinoma in the cystectomy specimen is excellent, some patients experience progression. The presence of CIS in the transurethral resection was an independent predictor of recurrence in these cases (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Cystectomy , Neoplasm Staging , Risk Factors , Neoplasm, Residual/pathology , Disease Progression
9.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 65(1): 79-83, ene.-feb. 2012.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-101156

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Revisión de las Guías Clínicas que consideramos tienen un mayor impacto en la actividad urológica, para conocer y comparar sus recomendaciones en el diagnóstico y manejo de la recidiva bioquímica después de un tratamiento con intención curativa en el cáncer prostático ( prostatectomía radical o radioterapia). MÉTODOS: Hemos revisado las Guías Clínicas de la European Urological Assciation (EAU), American Urological Association (AUA), National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) y del National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), así como la evidencia científica en la que se basan. RESULTADOS: Ponemos de manifiesto en este artículo la complejidad del tema a tratar y las similitudes y disparidades entre ellas. La definición de recidiva varía si se trata de pacientes que han sido sometidos a prostatectomía radical o a radioterapia. En cuanto a los tratamientos, en el primer caso se decantan hacia la radioterapia precoz siendo en cambio más dispersas las recomendaciones en la recidiva bioquímica después de radioterapia. CONCLUSIÓN: Las Guías Clínicas suponen una magnífica ayuda al profesional para la toma de decisiones. Las Guías Clínicas formulan recomendaciones, con mayor o menor grado de evidencia y que han de ser periódicamente reevaluadas incorporando la evidencia científica que vaya apareciendo(AU)


OBJECTIVE: Review of the Guidelines which have major impact on the urological field, in order to compare and to know their recommendations in the diagnosis and management of biochemical relapse after a healing treatment of prostate cancer (radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy). METHODS: We review the Guidelines of the European Urological Association (EAU), the American Urological Association (AUA), of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and those of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), as well as the scientific evidence on which they are based. RESULTS: In this paper we state the complexity of the subject being dealt with and coincidences and differences among them. The definition of relapse varies depending on whether the patient has undergone either radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy. Regarding treatment, in the first case early radiotherapy is the treatment of choice, but recommendations after radiotherapy are not so specific. CONCLUSION: Clinical Guidelines represent a great aid in decision making for the professional. Guidelines give recommendations with a higher o lower degree of scientific evidence and must be evaluated regularly to include new evidences which are coming through(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Prostatic Neoplasms/complications , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Evidence-Based Practice/methods , Evidence-Based Practice/trends , Prostatectomy/methods , Prostatectomy/trends , Prostatectomy
10.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 64(7): 636-639, sept. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-94337

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Presentación de dos nuevos casos de sarcoma de Ewing / tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo renal primario, uno de ellos con trombo en cava.MÉTODO: Caracterización de los dos casos clínicos y revisión bibliográfica mediante búsqueda en pubmed.RESULTADO: Presentamos los casos de dos varones diagnosticados de sarcoma de Ewing renal primario, que han sido tratados con nefrectomía y quimioterapia adyuvante; encontrándose en remisión completa hasta la fecha.CONCLUSIÓN: El sarcoma de Ewing / tumor neuroectodérmico primitivo renal primario es una entidad rara que afecta mayoritariamente a adultos jóvenes. La historia natural de estos tumores es la evolución hacia una enfermedad metastásica y la muerte. El tratamiento es multimodal, y combina cirugía y quimioterapia. El papel de la radioterapia no está bien establecido(AU)


OBJECTIVE: To report two new cases of Ewing`s sarcoma/ primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney, one of them with tumor thrombus in cava.METHOD: Characterization of two new cases and literature review by PubMed search.RESULTS: We report the cases of two men diagnosed with primary renal Ewing`s sarcoma, who have been treated with nephrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy, being in complete remission to date.CONCLUSION: Ewing`s sarcoma / primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney is a rare condition that mainly affects young adults. The natural history of these tumors is the evolution towards metastatic disease and death. Treatment is multimodal, combining surgery and chemotherapy. The role of radiotherapy is not well established


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Sarcoma, Ewing/complications , Sarcoma, Ewing/diagnosis , Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/complications , Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/diagnosis , Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/surgery , Nephrectomy/methods , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant , Combined Modality Therapy/methods , Sarcoma, Ewing/physiopathology , Nephrectomy/trends , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/methods , Sarcoma, Ewing/surgery , Sarcoma, Ewing , Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/physiopathology , Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/trends , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/trends
11.
J Urol ; 185(6 Suppl): 2582-5, 2011 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21527200

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: We compared the outcome of second and third kidney allografts with that of the first kidney allograft in pediatric recipients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We classified 173 cadaveric kidney recipients into 2 groups. Group 1 comprised 120 first transplants and group 2 comprised 53 retransplants, including 43 second and 10 third transplants. We compared demographic characteristics and survival in groups 1 and 2. RESULTS: Group 1 consisted of 78 boys and 42 girls with a mean ± SD age of 11.5 ± 4.2 years. Group 2 consisted of 37 boys and 16 girls with a mean age of 10.4 ± 4.7 years. One, 5, 10 and 15-year graft survival rates were 78.7%, 64.3%, 54.5% and 50.7% for first transplants vs 82.8%, 57.8%, 57.8% and 41.3%, respectively, for retransplants (p = 0.757). Patient survival at 1, 5 and 15-year was 95.8%, 89.6%, 84.9% in the first transplant group vs 93.6%, 93.6% and 93.6%, respectively, in the retransplant group (p = 0.0.63). Graft survival was significantly higher in patients who did vs did not receive calcineurin inhibitors in the 2 groups (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Kidney retransplantation in the pediatric population can yield excellent long-term outcomes, especially in patients treated with calcineurin inhibitors.


Subject(s)
Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects , Tissue Donors , Adolescent , Adult , Cadaver , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Retreatment , Retrospective Studies , Survival Rate , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
12.
Arch Esp Urol ; 56(5): 524-6, 2003 Jun.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12918311

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To report complications that are very rare in patients undergoing radical cystectomy and Bricker's ileal conduit. In accordance to the literature and our own experience, to remark the importance of a proper preoperative preparation (nutritional, preanesthetic evaluation...), and adequate postoperative controls to avoid this kind of problems. METHODS: We report three cases which are demonstrative of these complications, their main characteristics, as well as their diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. RESULTS: All three cases were complicated by fistulae, with different outcomes. The diagnostic measures undertook on each one are reviewed in detail. Although it is well shown in the literature that most of these fistulae appear in patients with intestinal inflammatory/infectious diseases, this was not our experience. CONCLUSIONS: After a bibliographic review and study of our cases, we insist on the importance of a good nutritional evaluation before surgery, and that radical cystectomy with Bricker's type urinary diversion, although consolidated as treatment for infiltrative bladder cancer, is not exempt of immediate postoperative complications or even deferred, as in our case.


Subject(s)
Colonic Diseases/etiology , Cystectomy , Ileal Diseases/etiology , Intestinal Fistula/etiology , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Urethral Diseases/etiology , Urinary Diversion , Urinary Fistula/etiology , Vaginal Fistula/etiology , Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/surgery , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery
13.
Arch Esp Urol ; 56(4): 359-66, 2003 May.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12830608

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate which clinical variables are predictive for prostate cancer and possible relationships among them, in patients with elevated PSA and non suspicious digital rectal examination (DRE) undergoing first prostate biopsy. METHODS: 1618 patients with elevated PSA and non suspicious DRE who underwent sextant peripheral prostate biopsy were selected from our database. PSA, age, prostate volume, and detectable nodule by ultrasound were selected as variables related to cancer detection in first and second biopsies. RESULTS: Mean age was 67.5 +/- 7.4 (37-88) years, mean PSA was 16.9 +/- 116.5 (3.6-4500) ng\ml, mean prostate volume was 65.7 +/- 37.8 (8-352) cc. 23.3% patients presented a hypoechoic nodule within the peripheral zone of the gland. 18.8% presented prostate cancer on first biopsy. On multivariate analysis, age (p < 0.001), prostate volume (p < 0.001), and presence of a nodule on ultrasound (p = 0.003) were considered independent predictive variables for cancer detection on biopsy. Direct relationship with age, and inverse relationship with prostate volume were shown. Detection rates on second biopsy were greater in patients with prostates = 40 cc in comparison to those > 40 cc (p = 0.02). First two biopsies detected 95% of cancer cases, first three up to 98%. CONCLUSIONS: Age and prostate volume should be taken into consideration when individualizing the number of cores to obtain at the time of biopsy. The efficacy of peripheral sextant biopsy in prostates = for 40 cc should be re-evaluated. Third and fourth biopsies should be reserved for patients with very adverse risk factors.


Subject(s)
Biopsy, Needle , Prostate/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antigens, Neoplasm/blood , Biomarkers, Tumor/blood , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Organ Size , Palpation , Predictive Value of Tests , Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Ultrasonography
14.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 56(5): 524-526, jun. 2003.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-25078

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Exponer complicaciones muy poco frecuentes en pacientes a los que se les realizó Cistectomía radical y conducto ileal tipo Bricker. Remarcar la importancia, recogida en la literatura y, en nuestra propia experiencia, de una correcta preparación preoperatoria (nutricional, evaluación pre-anestésica.......), así como de unos controles postoperatorios adecuados, para evitar este tipo de problemas. MÉTODO: Para ello exponemos tres casos clínicos demostrativos de estas complicaciones, sus características principales así como su diagnóstico, tratamiento y posterior evolución. RESULTADO: Existencia de complicaciones de tipo fistuloso en los tres casos, con diferente evolución, así como detallar las medidas de carácter diagnóstico que se llevaron a cabo en cada uno de ellos. Aunque esta bien recogido en la literatura, que la mayoría de estas fístulas se producen en pacientes con patología inflamatorio/infecciosa digestiva, no fue así en nuestra experiencia. CONCLUSIONES: Después de revisada la literatura y estudiados nuestros casos, abundar en la importancia de una buena evaluación nutricional previa a la cirugía, y que la cistectomía radical con derivación urinaria tipo Bricker, aunque ya muy consolidada como tratamiento del cáncer de vejiga infiltrante no esta exenta de complicaciones postoperatorias inmediatas o incluso, como en nuestro caso diferidas (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Aged , Male , Female , Humans , Urinary Diversion , Cystectomy , Urethral Diseases , Urinary Fistula , Vaginal Fistula , Postoperative Complications , Colonic Diseases , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell , Intestinal Fistula , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , Ileal Diseases
15.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 56(4): 359-366, mayo 2003.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-21674

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Evaluar cuales son las variables clínicas predictoras de cáncer de próstata y su posible relación entre ellas, en los pacientes con PSA elevado y tacto rectal no sospechoso en la primera biopsia de la glándula. MÉTODO: Se han extraído de nuestra base de datos 1.618 pacientes con PSA elevado y tacto rectal no sospechoso sometidos a biopsia sextante periférica de la próstata. Las variables PSA, edad, volumen prostático y existencia de nódulo ecográfico se relacionaron con la existencia de cáncer en la 1ª y 2ª biopsia. RESULTADOS: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 67,5 ñ 7,4 (37-88) años, la media de PSA fue de 16,9 ñ 116,5 (3,6-4.500) ng/ml., la media del volumen prostático fue de 65,7 ñ 37,8 (8-352) cc. El 23,3 por ciento de los pacientes presentaron un nódulo hipoecoico en la zona periférica de la glándula. El 18,8 por ciento presentaron cáncer de próstata en la primera biopsia. En el análisis multivariante la edad (p < 0,001), el volumen prostático (p < 0,001) y la existencia de nódulo ecográfico (p = 0,003) se consideraron variables predictoras independientes de cáncer en la biopsia.Se ha observado una relación directa entre el cáncer en la biopsia y la edad e inversa con el volumen prostático. En la 2ª biopsia se observó una mayor detección de cáncer (p = 0,02) en los pacientes con próstatas menores o iguales de 40 cc. que en las mayores de 40 cc. En las dos primeras CONCLUSIONES: La edad y el volumen prostático deberían de tenerse en cuenta a la hora de individualizar el número de cilindros que se extraen por paciente en el momento de la biopsia. Se debería de re-evaluar la eficacia de la biopsia sextante periférica en las glándulas menores o iguales de 40 cc. La 3ª y 4ª biopsias deberían de reservarse para pacientes con factores de riesgo muy adversos (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Adult , Aged, 80 and over , Aged , Male , Humans , Biopsy, Needle , Risk Factors , Biomarkers, Tumor , Prostate-Specific Antigen , Palpation , Prostate , Retrospective Studies , Age Factors , Predictive Value of Tests , Prostatic Neoplasms , Antigens, Neoplasm
16.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 55(9): 1093-1105, nov. 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-18369

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Revisar el tratamiento quirúrgico de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo femenina (IUEF) con los nuevos sistemas de cabestrillo uretral sin tensión tipo T.V.T. (tensión-free vaginal tape) o IVS, y el procedimiento de cabestrillo transvaginal con anclaje óseo In-Fast. MÉTODO: Se hace una descripción de las técnicas quirúrgicas de los distintos procedimientos y una revisión de la literatura publicada referente a este tema. RESULTADOS / CONCLUSIONES: Actualmente en la cirugía de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo femenina el procedimiento del cabestrillo pubovaginal se ha convertido en el parámetro oro, principalmente si existe una disfunción intrínseca del esfínter. La aportación más importante ha sido el concepto del soporte sin tensión de la uretra media, ello ha llevado a cuestionar la clasificación de la incontinencia en los tipos I, II, y III, ya que el cabestrillo pubocervical sin tensión se puede usar para corregir todos. Las técnicas de cabestrillo uretral sin tensión, han demostrado su eficacia y ser técnicas mínimamente invasivas, con bajo índice de complicaciones, fácilmente reproducibles y con buen resultado antiincontinencia a medio plazo (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Urologic Surgical Procedures , Urinary Incontinence, Stress , Equipment Design
17.
Arch Esp Urol ; 55(9): 1093-105, 2002 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12564069

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To review the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence by new systems of tension-free urethral sling TVT type (Tension free vaginal tape) or IVS (intravaginal slingplasty), and the bone anchoring trasvaginal sling procedure Infast. METHODS: We describe the surgical techniques of the various procedures and perform a bibliographic review on the topic. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: The pubovaginal sling has become the gold standard in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence, mainly if there is sphincter intrinsic dysfunction. The concept of tension free medium urethra support has been the most important contribution, that questions the classification of incontinence in types I, II and III, because the pubocervical tension free sling can correct all three. Tension free urethral sling techniques have demonstrated to be effective, minimally invasive with a low complication rate, easily reproducible, and with good continence results in the mid-term.


Subject(s)
Urinary Incontinence, Stress/surgery , Urologic Surgical Procedures/instrumentation , Urologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Equipment Design , Female , Humans
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