Cognitive and Physical Effects of Warm-Up on Young Soccer Players.

This study analyzed the effects of with (WC) or without conducting a warm up on youth soccer players immediately before performing physical and cognitive tests. Fourteen youth soccer player (age 11.64 ± 0.50) participated in a counterbalanced cross-sectional study in which three conditions were tested: (a) basal lineal condition; (b) WC (immediately before the physical and cognitive tests); and (c) without WC (passive resting for 15 min between the warm-up and physical and cognitive tests). A 30-m sprint test, countermovement jump, and psychomotor vigilance task were also applied. The WC revealed significant improvements in countermovement jump (p < .05), 30-m sprint test performance (p < .05), and reaction time in psychomotor vigilance task (p < .05) in comparison to basal lineal condition and without WC. A 15-min rest after a warm-up has a meaningfully decremental effect on the physical and cognitive readiness of youth soccer players, in comparison with when they warm-up immediately before the demands are imposed.

Effect of Physical Exercise Program Based on Active Breaks on Physical Fitness and Vigilance Performance.

The scientific literature has shown the beneficial effects of chronic Physical Exercise (PE) on a wide range of tasks that involve high-order functioning. For this reason, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of active breaks on physical fitness and vigilance performance in high school students through eight weeks of physical training. A total of 42 healthy students (age = 16.50 ± 0.59 years; height = 171.08 ± 8.07 cm; weight = 67.10 ± 13.76 kg) from one Andalusian high school (Spain) were assigned for convenience and matched into two groups, a Control Group (CG) and an Active-Break Group (ABG). The ABG performed two active breaks (based on strength and self-loading exercises) during the school day, first at 10:00 a.m. and second at 12:30 p.m. The participants were assessed before and after the training program using the Alpha-Fitness test battery and the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT). Significant differences were observed in the post-training PVT results, compared with the pretraining PVT, showing ABG responding faster than CG. Thus, the presents study demonstrated that eight weeks of physical training affects vigilance performance (compared to CG) and improves the efficiency of vigilance in high school students, contributing to enhancement of quality of education.

"Cooperative Learning Does Not Work for Me": Analysis of Its Implementation in Future Physical Education Teachers.

Cooperative learning (CL) is one of the pedagogical models that has had more application in the area of Physical Education (PE), being highly worked in the initial training of teachers. The aim of the study is to check to what extent future PE teachers are able to apply in the classroom the PE training they have received at university, deepening their fears, insecurities and problems when carrying it out. Thirteen future PE teachers (7 girls and 6 boys) aged 20.87 ± 1.43 participated and, after having been trained in CL in various subjects, applied it in the classroom during their internship. They were selected through purposeful non-probability sampling. A qualitative methodology was used, being the interviews, the teaching diaries and the seminars with the tutor the instruments of data collection used. Three categories of analysis were used: (a) initial expectations in the application of the CL; (b) problems encountered in its implementation; (c) reflection about its application in the future. The results showed how the future teachers did not see their expectations of success fulfilled, encountering resistance from both students and teachers in PE. Furthermore, they reflect the need to continue training in a model that has infinite nuances so that it can be implemented satisfactorily. It is necessary to continue researching a pedagogical model with so many possibilities in the area of PE and with so much transversality on a social level.

How Does the Family Influence the Physical Condition and Health of Children in a Rural Environment?

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess physical conditions related to health status and establish relationships with influencing factors such as family structure, educational level, and parental professional occupation in the infant stage of three to five years in a rural setting. The sample included 205 children between 3 and 5 years of age from rural areas (<10,000 inhabitants) from the region of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). Fitness level was measured using the PREFIT battery; influencing factors were assessed with a family information questionnaire. The results showed significant differences in all the analyzed variables of physical condition and between genders at each of the educational levels except for body mass index. Boys performed better than girls on cardio-respiratory fitness tests, muscle strength in both hands, speed-agility, and longitudinal jump tests for boys aged three, while girls performed the test better at four years. The type of family structure was not correlated with any of the variables of physical condition; a lower level of education of the father and mother and the professional occupation of the mother were correlated with a higher body mass index. As a main conclusion, physical condition related to health seems to be affected by influencing factors such as educational level and family professional occupation, especially of the mother, but the type of family structure does not have as much influence. There are few studies in children from three to five years of age in exclusively rural areas, so the data in this study provides relevant and innovative information, while opening research to cater to this population group.

Teaching and Learning Process of Decision-Making Units in Talented Young Players From U-10 to U-14.

There are multiple factors that have been studied for talent identification (TI) with regard to sport performance, such as physical and physiological parameters; psychological, social, and contextual parameters; and technical-tactical parameters. However, despite the importance of these indicators for reaching the elite, new trends seem to assure that one of the key elements in a young player is decision making (DM). Thus, in the last decades, research DM in young players has increased. Nevertheless, very little has been done in relation with DM and talented players. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the effectiveness, number, and duration of DM units (DMUs) of three groups of talented young players in U-10, U-12, and U-14 levels. Ninety-seven youth players participated in the study. A total of 1,087 actions were analyzed. The Nomination Scale for Identifying Football Talent was utilized to screen the talent pool (N = 18), and the Game Performance Evaluation Tool was used for analyzing the 1,087 actions completed. The results showed that the effectiveness has to be more than 80% for children to be considered talented. Moreover, a greater effectiveness of DMUs was shown in older age groups. The game speed also increased with age. It was revealed that U-12 did not follow the progression in the decisional demands in the formative stages. It is highlighted, therefore, the necessity of reviewing the organizational aspects in the U-12 age group, related mainly to the size of the pitch and the number of players, because it does not follow the same progression in regard to decisional demands. Future studies should follow this study with the U-16, U-18, and U-23 age groups, with the purpose of knowing the effectiveness, duration, and number of DMUs in older age groups. Furthermore, policy makers and teachers/coaches from both educational and soccer context must take these results into account, with the purpose of adjusting the teaching and learning process of talented children in sport.

Physical Fitness and Peer Relationships in Spanish Preadolescents.

Several studies have linked physical fitness (PF) with improvements in health, at a physiological and psychological level; however, there is little evidence of its relationship with health in the social field. Hence, the main aim of this study was to determine the existing relationship between PF and peer relations, as an indicator of social health in Spanish pre-teens. For that purpose, 642 participants aged 9 to 12 were chosen and given the high-priority Alpha Fitness battery in order to assess the PF, as well as the Classroom Social Experiences Query (CESC) to assess their social status. The results showed that those students with a better cardio-respiratory fitness obtained more nominations from their classmates in pro-sociality and positive status, and fewer in victimisation and negative status. Additionally, although to a lesser extent, muscular fitness was also related to a higher positive status and lower victimisation. The weight condition was also related to social behaviours, although the resulting data were differentiated by sex. While females with a standard weight stood out for their positive status, underweight males obtained worse results in positive status and fewer in negative status. These results all correspond with the aesthetic models imposed by society for females and males, respectively. These results show that PF is related to social health, which makes necessary the promotion of physical activity and the development of PF within the school environment, with attention to its relationship with the social health of the students.

Are Physical Education Lessons Suitable for Sport Talent Identification? A Systematic Review of the Literature.

OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to shed light on the existent knowledge, internationally published over the last decade (2009-2019), on how to deal with talented children in physical education (PE). METHODS: A mixed systematic review (SR) was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration number: CRD42019117211. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: The articles included were selected using the following criteria: (a) studies published in peer-reviewed international journals; (b) studies published from 2009 to 2019 (both inclusive); (c) studies that included quantitative and/or qualitative methods and findings; (d) research conducted within school contexts; (e) articles that focused on both talent/gift and PE, and (f) studies published in English or Spanish. RESULTS: A total of 11 articles were identified. Results showed a gradual change in both methods and instruments used for talent identification (TI) in PE, focused currently on children's health and involvement in sports. Second, there is consensus on the lack of clarity in schools' policies and guidelines on how to deal with talented children in PE. CONCLUSIONS: Finally, there are alternative programs to elite athlete models that better fit in PE to deal with talented children and to avoid child disengagement in PE and sports.

Observation Criteria for Physical Education Teachers to Identify Gifted Children through Invasion Games.

Whilst in other curriculum subjects, it exists observation criteria to detect gifted pupils, there is a paucity of information in Physical Education. For that reason, we aimed to reveal the observation criteria for identifying gifted pupils in Physical Education in an invasion game. Physical Education (PE) talent was evaluated combining results of questionnaire to experts, parents, and students. A validated nomination scale (NSIFT) and the Game Performance Evaluation Tool (GPET) were used. The research approach used in this study was transversal, descriptive, and inferential. The talent pool was composed of 18 gifted pupils aged 8-14 (Mage = 11.67, SD = 1.53). The results showed that the most discriminating criteria to identify PE talent were found to be precocity in both execution and decision-making in the acquisition of tactical principles and tactical-technical skills. Getting free was the skill that they best mastered. In conclusion, the importance of tactical principles and decision-making as observation criteria is emphasized. Future studies should focus on developing mentoring programs in Physical Education.

Can We Motivate Students to Practice Physical Activities and Sports Through Models-Based Practice? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Psychosocial Factors Related to Physical Education.

Adults (more than 18 years old) are likely to reproduce the habits that they acquired during childhood and adolescence (from 6 to 16 years old). For that reason, teachers and parents have the responsibility to promote an active and healthy lifestyle in children and adolescents. Even though every school subject should promote healthy activities, Physical Education (PE) is the most important subject to foster well-being habits associated to healthy lifestyle during sport practice and other kinds of active tasks. Indeed, there are many factors that influence the acquisition of healthy habits that should be taken into account when programs and activities are implemented in both educational and extracurricular context. In this sense, psychological and social factors are of utmost importance to achieve optimal experiences for an active and healthy lifestyle. However, due to the myriad of studies analyzing different factors in different contexts, there could be confusion when programs and pedagogical strategies are applied in educational or extracurricular contexts. The objective of this investigation is to analyse the state of art of the psychosocial factors which influence the engagement in physical activities and sport practice. The keywords used in this review were mainly: "Self-Determination Theory," "(intrinsic) motivation," "Psychological need satisfaction," "physical activity and sport engagement," "Elementary Education," "Secondary Education," "Physical Education." In addition, the Boolean data type "and," "or," and "not" were also used. The articles were selected according to the following criteria: (a) peer-reviewed original research published in international journals indexed in JCR or SJR, (b) published in English or Spanish, (c) about psychosocial factors which influence the physical activity and sport engagement, (d) in educational or extracurricular context. Research articles selected were found through Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, SportDiscus (EBSCO-host), ERIC, PubMed, Medline, and PsycInfo databases. It was observed that physical activities and sport practice engagement are closely related to psychological factors. In particularly, intrinsic motivation was able to determine the active participation in any activity, including physical activity and sport practice during the implementation of Small-Sided Games and other kinds of pedagogical strategies (e.g., Pedagogical Models). Motivation was also closely related to flow state. Finally, these variables should be considered in order to organize effective programs to promote an active and healthy lifestyle in Physical Education classes.

The Way to Increase the Motor and Sport Competence Among Children: The Contextualized Sport Alphabetization Model.

There is a concern to implement games that will be able to increase the students' motor and sport competence during the sport contents in Physical Education. Some games encompassed in Models-Based Practice (MsBP) are more beneficial for physical and physiological development than others. The main purpose of this study is to compare the degree of physical and physiological performance in several futsal games that have been implemented through two MsBP: the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) and the Contextualized Sport Alphabetization Model (CSAM). The second objective is to analyze the relationship between physical and physiological variables. A quasi-experimental and cross-sectional study with pre- and post-test evaluations had been carried out. The sample was composed of 112 Primary Education students from First to Sixth grade (9.35 ± 1.76 years). Polar Team Pro® technology was implemented to compare and analyze the physical and physiological variables. Data was analyze comparing both models with a two-step cluster model. Afterward, Student's t-test was executed to compare the progression of both models. Besides, two-level multilevel model (MANOVA-ANOVA, followed by MANCOVA- ANCOVA) were also executed by means of applying a 4 versus 4 Small-Sided and Conditioned Game (SSCG). Finally, Pearson correlation between physical and physiological variables was calculated. Results showed that physical and physiological performance was higher in CSAM groups. In this regard, throughout the intervention of both models, results showed significant differences in physical and physiological variables at SSCGs implemented in the CSAM over the games implemented during the TGfU. Additionally, multilevel and MANCOVA post-test analyses shows significant differences in the physical and physiological performance during the post-test 4 vs. 4 SSCG at the CSAM students, in contrast to the TGfU students (p < 0.001). These results demonstrate that both physical (e.g., distance covered) and physiological performance (e.g., Edwards' TRIMP) are significantly higher during CSAM in contrast to TGfU. Moreover, relationship between physical and physiological variables help teachers to adapt sessions to the features of the context.

Content Validity and Psychometric Properties of the Nomination Scale for Identifying Football Talent (NSIFT): Application to Coaches, Parents and Players.

The identification of football talent is a critical issue both for clubs and the families of players. However, despite its importance in a sporting, economic and social sense, there appears to be a lack of instruments that can reliably measure talent performance. The aim of this study was to design and validate the Nomination Scale for Identifying Football Talent (NSIFT), with the aim of optimising the processes for identifying said talent. The scale was first validated through expert judgment, and then statistically, by means of an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal reliability and convergent validity. The results reveal the presence of three factors in the scale's factor matrix, with these results being confirmed by the CFA. The scale revealed suitable internal reliability and homogeneity indices. Convergent validity showed that it is teammates who are best able to identify football talent, followed by coaches and parents. It can be concluded that the NSIFT is suitable for use in the football world. Future studies should seek to confirm these results in different contexts by means of further CFAs.

Soccer and Relative Age Effect: A Walk among Elite Players and Young Players.

Grouping people according to chronological age is popular in fields such as education and sport. Athletes who are born in the first months of the year usually have cognitive and physical development differences in contrast to those born in the last months of the same year. That is why competitive teams tend to select older players more often than youngsters. Age differences between athletes born in the same year as well as an over-representation of older players are known as the Relative Age Effect. This effect is extensively described in young and elite team sports such as basketball, volleyball or, ice-hockey, as well as in soccer. The purpose of this study is to examine the state-of-the-art of the Relative Age Effect in youth and elite soccer players. This review summarizes recent research articles on the Relative Age Effect related to competitive soccer from 2010 to 2016. The systematic literature search was conducted in four databases: SPORTDiscus, Medline, EBSCO host and Google Scholar. Although causes and final solutions have not been clearly achieved yet, it is necessary to continue investigating this phenomenon in order to provide a starting point for future research.

Programa de Actividad Física Extracurricular en Adolescentes con Sobrepeso u Obesidad / Effects of an After-School Physical Activity Program on Overweight Adolescents / Efeitos do programa de atividade física extracurricular em adolescentes com sobrepeso ou obesidade

Nuestro objetivo en este estudio es comprobar la eficacia de un programa de actividad físico-deportiva (PAF) extracurricular, en un grupo de adolescentes con sobrepesoobesidad, durante un período de 6 meses, respecto al consumo máximo de oxígeno, frecuencia cardíaca de recuperación, presión arterial e índice de grasa cintura/cadera, y ver las diferencias en cuanto al género. El estudio lo realizamos con 38 estudiantes de primer ciclo de secundaria, con un IMC superior al percentil 85. Los resultados reflejan mejoras significativas en el grupo experimental (GE), tras la realización del PAF, comparado con el grupo control (GC). Los componentes del GE mejoran en las variables fisiológicas y antropométricas, y también en función del género. Por otro lado, los datos obtenidos por el GC, reflejan una leve mejora en cuanto al VO2max, pero no en el resto de variables. Estos resultados sugieren la importancia de un adecuado programa de actividad físico-deportiva como contribución a mejorar parámetros cardiovasculares en adolescentes.

The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of an extracurricular sport and physical activity program (PAP) with a group of overweight-obese adolescents for a period of six months, comparing differences in maximum oxygen uptake, recovery heart rate, blood pressure and waist / hip body fat index, as well as differences in the results based on gender. The study was conducted with 38 junior high school students with a BMI above the 85th percentile. Results showed significant improvements in the experimental group (EG) after completion of the PAP compared to the control group (CG). Improvements were observed in the EG in physiological and anthropometric variables and also based on gender. Moreover, the data obtained from the CG reflects a slight improvement in the VO2max but not in the other variables. These results suggest the importance of an adequate program of physical and sporting activities to contribute to improving cardiovascular parameters in adolescents.

O objetivo deste estudo foi testar a eficácia de um programa de atividades físico-esportivas (PAF) extracurricular em um grupo de adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade, por um período de seis meses, com o consumo máximo de oxigênio, frequência cardíaca de recuperação, pressão arterial e índice de gordura corporal cintura/quadril, e verificar as diferenças de gênero. O estudo foi realizado com 38 estudantes do primeiro ciclo da escola secundária que possuíam um IMC acima do percentil 85. Os resultados mostram melhoras significativas no grupo experimental (GE), após a realização do PAF, em comparação com o grupo controle (GC). Os componentes do GE melhoraram as variáveis fisiológicas e antropométricas, assim como em função do gênero. Por outro lado, os dados obtidos pelo GC refletem uma ligeira melhora em termos de VO2max, mas não nas outras variáveis. Esses resultados sugerem a importância de um programa adequado de atividades físico-esportivas como contribuição para a melhoria de parâmetros cardiovasculares em adolescentes.

Perfil emocional según el nivel de competición: Aplicación al squash / Emotional profile according to level of expertise: A study of squash players / Perfil emocional segundo o nível competitivo: aplicação ao squash

El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido identificar el perfil emocional de jugadores de squash de diferente nivel de competición. La muestra estaba compuesta por 80 jugadores, divididos en cuatro niveles de competición (Primera categoría nacional, Segunda categoría nacional, nivel autonómico y nivel provincial). Se utilizó el Cuestionario del Perfil Emocional Óptimo Individual del modelo IZOF-Emoción (Hanin, 2000a). Los resultados muestran perfiles emocionales diferenciados tanto en su contenido, intensidad e impacto funcional según el nivel de competición. Por tanto, los resultados confirman el carácter individualizado del perfil emocional y la dedicación específica que debe de recibir cada jugador

The aim of this study was to identify the emotional profile of squash players at different levels of expertise. The sample was made up of 80 players, divided into four expertise levels (National First Division, National Second Division, Regional level and Provincial level). The study used the Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning model questionnaire: IZOF-emotion (Hanin, 2000a). The results show emotional profiles which differ in functional content, intensity and impact depending on the level of expertise. Therefore, the results confirm the individualistic nature of emotional profiles and the specific dedication that each player must receive

O objectivo do presente estudo foi identificar o perfil emocional de jogadores de squash de diferentes níveis competitivos. A amostra foicomposta por 80 jogadores, divididos em quatro níveis de competição (Primeira divisão nacional, Segunda divisão nacional, Nível autónomo e Nívelregional). Foi aplicado o Questionário de Perfil Emocional Individual Óptimodo modelo IZOF-Emoção (Hanin, 2000a). Os resultados mostram perfisemocionais diferenciados tanto no conteúdo, como na intensidade e impacto funcional, de acordo com o nível competitivo. Portanto, os resultados con-firmam o carácter individualizado do perfil emocional e a dedicação específica que deve receber cada jogador

Review of the tactical evaluation tools for youth players, assessing the tactics in team sports: football.

For sports assessment to be comprehensive, it must address all variables of sports development, such as psychological, social-emotional, physical and physiological, technical and tactical. Tactical assessment has been a neglected variable until the 1980s or 1990s. In the last two decades (1995-2015), the evolution of tactical assessment has grown considerably, given its importance in game performance. The aim of this paper is to compile and analyze different tactical measuring tools in team sports, particularly in soccer, through a bibliographical review. Six tools have been selected on five different criteria: (1) Instruments which assess tactics, (2) The studies have an evolution approach related to the tactical principles, (3) With a valid and reliable method, (4) The existence of publications mentioning the tool in the method, v. Applicable in different sports contexts. All six tools are structured around seven headings: introduction, objective(s), tactical principles, materials, procedures, instructions/rules of the game and published studies. In conclusion, the teaching-learning processes more tactical oriented have useful tactical assessment instrument in the literature. The selection of one or another depends some context information, like age and level of expertise of the players.

Efectos de un programa de actividad física extracurricular en niños de primer ciclo de ESO con sobrepeso y obesidad / Extracurricular school interventions aimed at the effects of physical activity on 1st of eso children with overweight and obesity

La obesidad y su incidencia son cada vez más obvias en la sociedad española. Situación ésta a la que tampoco escapan los niños y niñas en edad escolar. En este sentido, se planteó evaluar la efectividad de una intervención de actividad físico-deportiva extracurricular en adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad, de 6 meses de duración, y comprobar la incidencia de dicha intervención sobre la disminución del porcentaje de grasa corporal, la mejora de la condición física de los participantes objeto de estudio, así como las posibles diferencias en función del género. El estudio contó con 38 estudiantes de primer ciclo de secundaria, con un IMC superior al percentil 85. Se realizaron pruebas de condición física y mediciones antropométricas. Los resultados mostraron mejoras significativas en el grupo experimental respecto al grupo control, observándose diferencias también por género. Los resultados son discutidos en el documento (AU)

Obesity and its impact are increasingly obvious in Spanish society. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an extracurricular intervention of physical and sports activities in order to improve students’ body composition and fitness level between two groups of adolescences with overweight or obesity for a six-month period. Moreover, a comparison based on gender was also targeted in this intervention. The sample consisted of 38 students, seventeen boys and twenty-one girls, with BMI above the 85th percentile. Several fitness tests and anthropometric measurements were performed. The results showed significant improvements in the experimental group regarding their physical condition and body fat percentage compared to the control group who did not show any significant achievements. According to the comparison based on gender, within the experimental group, girls achieved more significant results both in their physical fitness and in their body fat percentage (AU)

Relative age effect in sport: comment on Alburquerque, et al. (2012).

Relative age effect (RAE) describes the long-lived performance effects associated with systematic age differences of athletes in sports where competition is organized according to age cohorts. This phenomenon has been studied in many different sports, across widely varying samples and other factors such as anthropometric and fitness characteristics, career stage, competition or selection level cultural-societal trends, elite participation, gender, laterality, leadership development, in performance achievement and participation rates, in success and dropout, player nationality, playing position or self-selection. The relative age effect is not independent of other important factors, such as birthplace, gender, professional/amateur sport, or family socioeconomic factors. Most studies have looked at the advantage in performance that athletes who were born near the end of the year have, because they are relatively older and more developed than those in their competition cohort who have birthdays earlier in the year. RAEs of different magnitudes have been found depending on factors such as sex (males show larger effects than women) and type of sport (professional and majority sports have larger effects than amateur and minor sports). For these reasons the effect is regarded as a significant influence in the development of athletes' careers, and the acquisition of sports skills. The present article briefly summarizes evidence that may help explain how RAE influences the maintenance and development of sport expertise.

Educación Física intercultural, motivación y prejuicio racial: Una aproximación desde la teoría de las metas de logro / Intercultural physical education, motivation and racial prejudice: an approach from the achievement goal theory

Numerosos estudios han confirmado que la Educación Física puede causar beneficios psicólogos (Ntoumanis y Standage, 2009) y sociales (Hellison y Martinek, 2006). En este sentido, la Teoría de Metas de Logro se ha utilizado para explicar la motivación en el aprendizaje en PE (Nicholls, 1989). Así, orientación a la tarea y el clima de aprendizaje se han asociado con constructos pro-sociales (Kavussanu y Roberts, 2002; Castillo, Balaguer y Duda, 2003; Jiménez, 2004). Desde un enfoque intercultural de EF, Papaioannou y Kouli (2009) investigaron la asociación entre las metas de logro y la identidad étnica en clases de EF, hallando que la orientación al ego y el clima de rendimiento estaban vinculados con la falta de deseo de interactuar con (..) (AU)

Numerous studies had confirmed the Physical Education teaching may to cause psychologist (Ntoumanis and Standage, 2009) and social benefits (Hellison and Martinek, 2006). In this vein, the Achievement Goals Theory has been used to (..) (AU)

El profesorado de educación física ante la inmigración / Immigration and physical education teachers

El sistema educativo y los agentes que lo componen no son ajenos a la realidad social de la que forman parte. Parece lógico pensar que si existen actitudes de racismo y de rechazo en la sociedad, también pueden existir en el entorno escolar, entre el alumnado, los padres y los mismos profesores, y consecuentemente pueden suponer un freno para los procesos de integración social. Así, los objetivos de nuestro estudio fueron, conocer la percepción que tienen los profesores de Educación Física (EF) de la formación que están recibiendo, detectar como influirán sus creencias en sus decisiones curriculares e identificar las actitudes que presentan los docentes de la especialidad de EF ante el fenómeno de la inmigración. La muestra de estudio ha estado formada por un total de 145 profesores de diversos centros de la provincia de Albacete. Del total de participantes (N=145), el 55.8% (n = 81) fueron hombres y el 44,2% (n = 64) mujeres, con una edad media de 41 años y una experiencia docente media que osciló desde los 23 años para los hombres, hasta los 26 años en las mujeres. El instrumento de recogida de información ha sido un cuestionario mixto, el cual contenía (..) (AU)

Education and educative agents are no strangers to the social reality of which they form part. It seems logical that if there are attitudes of racism and rejection in society, it can also exist in the School environment among students, parents and teachers, and consequently may be an obstacle to social integration processes. Thus, the objectives of our study was to know the perceptions of Physical Education (PE) teachers who are receiving training in order to detect how their beliefs influence their decisions on curriculum and identify the attitudes (..) (AU)