[Conceptual reformulation of the double mesh repair technique: a simple solution for highly complex abdominal wall defects]. / Reformulación conceptual de la técnica de reparación doble: una solución sencilla para defectos muy complejos de la pared abdominal.

INTRODUCTION: Repair of complex abdominal wall defects remains a challenge for the general surgeon. The aim of the present study was to validate the double mesh repair technique in complex hernias. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We performed a prospective study of 15 patients with complex abdominal wall defects who underwent surgery in a university hospital. All patients were evaluated in a multidisciplinary unit. Indications consisted of incisional hernias with multiple recurrences (> 3 times), prior mesh complicated by fistula and chronic infection, giant diffuse lumbar hernia, and ventral hernia (associated with parastomal hernia or occurring after bariatric surgery with associated dermolipectomy). The surgical technique used was double intra-abdominal and supra-aponeurotic mesh repair without associated plasty techniques. Clinical, surgical and follow-up data were analyzed. RESULTS: Nine defects were lateral, three were lumbar, one was parapubic, and two were located in the mid-line (one associated with giant parastomal hernia and one occurring after bariatric surgery). Eight showed significant tissue loss, five showed trophic skin lesions, and two showed chronic suppurative infection. The mean size of the defects was 17.5 cm. Seroma occurred in three patients and limited cutaneous necrosis occurred in one patient. The mean length of hospital stay was 4.3 days (range 2-7 days). No complications, recurrences or mortality were detected during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Complex abdominal wall defects can be corrected through double repair using mesh only. This technique is simple to learn and perform and can be applied in many anatomical sites and types of defect, as well as in the presence of tissue destruction.

Reformulación conceptual de la técnica de reparación doble: una solución sencilla para defectos muy complejos de la pared abdominal / Conceptual reformulation of the double mesh repair technique: a simple solution for highly complex abdominal wall defects

Introducción. La reconstrucción de defectos complejos de la pared abdominal es todavía un reto para el cirujano general. El propósito de este trabajo es validar la técnica de reparación con doble mallas en hernias complejas. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo de 15 casos con defectos complejos de pared abdominal intervenidos en un hospital universitario. Todos los pacientes fueron evaluados en una unidad multidisciplinaria. Las indicaciones fueron hernias incisionales multirrecidivadas (> 3 veces), malla previa complicada con fístula e infección crónica, lumbar difusa gigante, eventración con hernia paraestomal acompañante, o tras cirugía bariátrica con dermolipectomía asociada. La cirugía empleada fue una reconstrucción con doble malla intraabdominal y supraaponeurótica sin plastias asociadas. Se analizan datos clínicos, quirúrgicos y de seguimiento. Resultados. Nueve defectos fueron laterales, 3 lumbares, 1 parapúbico y 2 de línea media (1 con hernia parestomal gigante, 1 tras cirugía bariátrica); 8 asociaban pérdida tisular importante, 5 lesiones tróficas de piel y 2 infección supurativa crónica. El tamaño medio de los defectos fue de 17,5 cm y la morbilidad, 3 casos de seroma y 1 necrosis cutánea limitada. La estancia hospitalaria media fue de 4,3 días (rango, 2-7 días) y en el seguimiento no se han detectado complicaciones, recidivas ni mortalidad. Conclusión. Los defectos complejos de la pared abdominal pueden corregirse mediante una reparación doble únicamente con mallas. Esta técnica es una opción sencilla de ejecutar y aprender, y aplicable a muchas localizaciones, tipos de defecto o presencia de destrucción tisular (AU)

Introduction. Repair of complex abdominal wall defects remains a challenge for the general surgeon. The aim of the present study was to validate the double mesh repair technique in complex hernias. Material and method. We performed a prospective study of 15 patients with complex abdominal wall defects who underwent surgery in a university hospital. All patients were evaluated in a multidisciplinary unit. Indications consisted of incisional hernias with multiple recurrences (> 3 times), prior mesh complicated by fistula and chronic infection, giant diffuse lumbar hernia, and ventral hernia (associated with parastomal hernia or occurring after bariatric surgery with associated dermolipectomy). The surgical technique used was double intra-abdominal and supra-aponeurotic mesh repair without associated plasty techniques. Clinical, surgical and follow-up data were analyzed. Results. Nine defects were lateral, three were lumbar, one was parapubic, and two were located in the mid-line (one associated with giant parastomal hernia and one occurring after bariatric surgery). Eight showed significant tissue loss, five showed trophic skin lesions, and two showed chronic suppurative infection. The mean size of the defects was 17.5 cm. Seroma occurred in three patients and limited cutaneous necrosis occurred in one patient. The mean length of hospital stay was 4.3 days (range 2-7 days). No complications, recurrences or mortality were detected during follow-up. Conclusion. Complex abdominal wall defects can be corrected through double repair using mesh only. This technique is simple to learn and perform and can be applied in many anatomical sites and types of defect, as well as in the presence of tissue destruction (AU)

Clinical pathway for the treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax in a general surgery department.

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is a common abnormality for which there is a variety of treatments. This study presents the results of a year's evaluation of a clinical pathway (CP). A series of 34 patients treated during 1 year before CP development was analyzed to identify the weak points. To address these weak points, the CP includes associated protocols. In the CP, 31 patients were evaluated during 1 year; the results were compared with those of the pre-CP series. The mean length of stay of the pre-CP patients and the CP patients was 7.3 days and 5.0 days, respectively. The number of radiographs fell from 4.3 to 3.2. The rate of complications and readmissions is similar in both groups. The mean cost per process dropped from 1863 [UNKNOWN] to 1168 [UNKNOWN]. The CP for pneumothorax successfully manages to reduce both the variability in care patterns and hospital costs, justifying the work involved in its development and implementation.

Vía clínica para el tratamiento del neumotórax espontáneo primario en un servicio de cirugía general / Clinical pathway for the treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax in a general surgery department

Introducción. El neumotórax espontáneo primario (NEP) es una enfermedad frecuente que se trata de forma variable en los diferentes sistemas sanitarios e incluso entre los médicos dentro de un mismo servicio. En nuestro servicio de cirugía general se atiende a entre 30 y 40 pacientes al año con NEP y hay una significativa variabilidad en su asistencia, lo que motivó la iniciativa de elaborar una vía clínica (VC) basada en el análisis del proceso, la búsqueda de estudios con la mayor evidencia científica y el consenso de los profesionales. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los resultados tras 1 año de evaluación de la VC. Pacientes y método. Se analizó una serie previa de 34 enfermos tratados durante el año previo a la elaboración de la vía para identificar los puntos débiles y las áreas de mejora. Para dar respuesta y solución a los puntos débiles identificados, la VC incluye protocolos asociados y documentos principales de la VC. Durante un año se ha atendido a 31 pacientes incluidos en la VC, cuyos resultados se han comparado con los de la serie previa. Resultados. La estancia media de los pacientes antes de la implantación de la vía ha sido de 7,3 días y los pacientes incluidos en la vía tuvieron una estancia de 5,0 días. El número de radiografías ha disminuido también de 4,3 a 3,2. La tasa de complicaciones y reingresos es similar en ambos grupos. El coste medio por proceso ha disminuido de 1.863 a 1.168 €. Conclusión. La VC del neumotórax puede disminuir la variabilidad de las actuaciones profesionales y los costes hospitalarios, lo que justifica el esfuerzo de su elaboración e implantación (AU)

Introduction. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is a common entity. Treatment varies widely across different health systems and even among doctors in the same department. In our general surgery department 30 to 40 patients with PSP are treated each year and there is significant variability in care delivery. This prompted the development of a clinical pathway (CP) based on analysis of the process, a search for studies with the greatest scientific evidence and professional consensus. The aim of this study was to present the results after 1 year's evaluation of the CP. Patients and method. A series of 34 patients treated in the year prior to the design of the pathway was analyzed to identify weak points and areas for improvement. To address these weak points the CP included associated protocols and principal documents. Thirty-one patients included in the CP were treated over 1 year and the results were compared with those of the pre-pathway series. Results. The mean length of stay in the pre-pathway patients was 7.3 days compared with 5.0 days in the pathway patients. The number of radiographs also fell from 4.3 to 3.2. The rate of complications and re-admissions was similar in both groups. The mean cost per process decreased from 1863 € to 1168 €. Conclusion. The CP for pneumothorax reduced both variability in professional care patterns and hospital costs, justifying the work involved in its development and implementation (AU)

Abordaje laparoscópico en la hernia inguinal: una sola técnica y un recurso táctico / The laparoscopic approach in inguinal hernia: a single technique and tactical resource

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Reparación laparoscópica de las hernias lumbares secundarias: cirugía abierta frente a laparoscópica. Estudio prospectivo no aleatorizado / Laparoscopic repair of secondary lumbar hernias: open vs. laparoscopic surgery. A prospective, non randomized study

Introducción. La hernia lumbar es un defecto de la pared abdominal posterior poco frecuente y su tratamiento quirúrgico es todavía controvertido. El objetivo del estudio es valorar la utilidad de la vía laparoscópica frente a la cirugía abierta. Pacientes y método. Estudio prospectivo no aleatorizado con 16 pacientes intervenidos por hernia lumbar secundaria entre enero de 1997 y enero de 2003: 9 mediante vía laparoscópica y 7 por vía abierta. Las variables analizadas fueron: datos clínicos y hospitalarios (tiempo quirúrgico y estancia), bienestar del paciente (consumo de analgésicos y retorno a su actividad habitual) y recurrencias. Se realiza un análisis del coste hospitalario del proceso. Resultados. No encontramos diferencias entre ambos grupos en cuanto a la edad y los antecedentes, aunque el tamaño de los defectos operados por laparoscopia fue menor. El tiempo quirúrgico medio, la morbilidad postoperatoria, la estancia hospitalaria media, el consumo de analgésicos y el retorno a la actividad habitual fueron significativamente menores en el grupo laparoscópico (p < 0,01). El coste hospitalario del proceso no presentó diferencias estadísticas en función del abordaje quirúrgico, pero sí el coste final tras incluir los gastos por reingreso y recidiva (p < 0,01). Conclusiones. En nuestra serie, la vía laparoscópica puede ser empleada en la reparación de las hernias lumbares secundarias con una mayor eficacia y rentabilidad que la vía abierta tradicional y con el mismo coste (AU)

Introduction. Lumbar hernia is an uncommon defect of the posterior abdominal wall and its surgical treatment remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the utility of laparoscopy versus open surgery. Patients and method. We performed a prospective, nonrandomized study of 16 patients with secondary lumbar hernias who underwent surgery between January1997 and January 2003. Nine patients underwent laparoscopy and 7 underwent open surgery. The variables analyzed were clinical features, hospital data (operating time and length of hospital stay), patient comfort (analgesic consumption and return to normal daily activity) and recurrences. Hospital costs were also analyzed. Results. No differences were found between the two groups in age or history, although the size of laparoscopically-repaired defects was smaller. Mean operating time, postoperative morbidity, mean length of hospital stay, analgesic consumption, and return to daily activities were significantly lower in the laparoscopic group (P<.01). No statistically significant differences in the cost of the process were found according to surgical approach but significant differences were found in final cost after including the cost of readmissions and recurrences (P<.01). Conclusions. In our series, the laparoscopic approach was more effective than traditional open surgery in the repair of secondary lumbar hernias while the cost of the two procedures was the same (AU)

[Laparoscopic repair of secondary lumbar hernias: open vs. laparoscopic surgery. A prospective, nonrandomized study]. / Reparación laparoscópica de las hernias lumbares secundarias: cirugía abierta frente a laparoscópica. Estudio prospectivo no aleatorizado.

INTRODUCTION: Lumbar hernia is an uncommon defect of the posterior abdominal wall and its surgical treatment remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the utility of laparoscopy versus open surgery. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We performed a prospective, nonrandomized study of 16 patients with secondary lumbar hernias who underwent surgery between January 1997 and January 2003. Nine patients underwent laparoscopy and 7 underwent open surgery. The variables analyzed were clinical features, hospital data (operating time and length of hospital stay), patient comfort (analgesic consumption and return to normal daily activity) and recurrences. Hospital costs were also analyzed. RESULTS: No differences were found between the two groups in age or history, although the size of laparoscopically-repaired defects was smaller. Mean operating time, postoperative morbidity, mean length of hospital stay, analgesic consumption, and return to daily activities were significantly lower in the laparoscopic group (P<.01). No statistically significant differences in the cost of the process were found according to surgical approach but significant differences were found in final cost after including the cost of readmissions and recurrences (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS: In our series, the laparoscopic approach was more effective than traditional open surgery in the repair of secondary lumbar hernias while the cost of the two procedures was the same.

[Clinical pathway for the treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax in a general surgery department]. / Vía clínica para el tratamiento del neumotórax espontáneo primario en un servicio de cirugía general.

INTRODUCTION: Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is a common entity. Treatment varies widely across different health systems and even among doctors in the same department. In our general surgery department 30 to 40 patients with PSP are treated each year and there is significant variability in care delivery. This prompted the development of a clinical pathway (CP) based on analysis of the process, a search for studies with the greatest scientific evidence and professional consensus. The aim of this study was to present the results after 1 year's evaluation of the CP. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A series of 34 patients treated in the year prior to the design of the pathway was analyzed to identify weak points and areas for improvement. To address these weak points the CP included associated protocols and principal documents. Thirty-one patients included in the CP were treated over 1 year and the results were compared with those of the pre-pathway series. RESULTS: The mean length of stay in the pre-pathway patients was 7.3 days compared with 5.0 days in the pathway patients. The number of radiographs also fell from 4.3 to 3.2. The rate of complications and re-admissions was similar in both groups. The mean cost per process decreased from 1863 Euro to 1168 Euro. CONCLUSION: The CP for pneumothorax reduced both variability in professional care patterns and hospital costs, justifying the work involved in its development and implementation.

[Hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy vs. open nephrectomy in the treatment of clinically localized renal cell carcinoma. Comparative study]. / Nefrectomía radical laparoscópica asistida por la mano frente a nefrectomía abierta en el tratamiento del carcinoma de células renales clínicamente localizado. Estudio comparativo.

INTRODUCTION: The description of the first laparoscopic nephrectomy made a revolution in the managing of the benign and malignant renal diseases. Hand-assisted laparoscopy (HAL) was developed with the aim of offering advantages to both patients and surgeons. The aim of the present work is to compare, in our experience, the results offered in the radical nephrectomy by HAL and open surgery, by analysis of surgical time, estimated blood loss during surgery and hospital stay. METHODS: Eleven Hand-assisted laparoscopic (HAL) radical nephrectomies and eight open radical nephrectomies were carried out at our institution during the same period (June 2001 to December 2002). All patients underwent computed tomography and were found to have a clinically localised functioning renal mass in all cases. The size of this renal mass was 4-7 cm (average 5.5 cm) in the HAL group and 4.5-15 cm (average 7.8 cm) in the open group. Patient age, body mass index, and American Society of Anaesthesiologists' score showed no significant difference between groups. RESULTS: The average surgical time in the HAL group was 156.72 minutes, the average blood loss during surgery was of 83.6 ml and the average hospital stay was of 3.09 days. Conversion to open surgery was not necessary in any patient. Average surgical time in the open surgery group was 178.25 minutes, the estimated blood loss during surgery was of 337.75 ml (p < 0.05) and the hospital stay was of 5.37 days (p < 0.05). The comparison of the means by two-tailed student's t test revealed significant differences in estimated blood loss and hospital stay, favoring HAL, and no significant differences in surgical time. CONCLUSIONS: HAL nephrectomy is feasible in almost all nephrectomies and is a safe, reproducible, and minimally invasive technique to perform extirpable renal surgery. HAL offer clear advantages over traditional open surgery, including decreased blood loss and hospital stay.

Immediate, early, and late morbidity with laparoscopic ventral hernia repair and tolerance to composite mesh.

The laparoscopic repair of ventral hernias is still a controversial therapeutic option, and little is known of its medium- and long-term morbidity. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the postoperative morbidity of laparoscopic ventral hernia repair and analyze the clinical factors that might be related to it. 86 consecutive patients who had ventral hernia and underwent endoscopic surgery in a Universitary teaching hospital. Epidemiological, clinical, postoperative complications, tolerance, aesthetic evaluation of the wall and recurrence rate are analyzed. The mean follow-up (100%) was 42 months (range: 1-5 years) and included clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation. The overall postoperative morbidity rate was 23.2%, with one case of mortality following a sepsis due to intestinal perforation; the rate of re-admissions and recurrences was 3.5%. Statistically significant relationships were shown between the complications and infra-umbilical location (P < 0.001), age over 60 years and female sex (P < 0.05). The dynamic ultrasound study showed 91% and 94% of the patients to be adhesion-free at 1 and 3 years respectively. Aesthetic assessment of the wall at 3 years showed persistent asymmetries in 5% of the patients and a 92% degree of personal satisfaction. The morbidity with laparoscopic ventral hernia repair is not negligible. The surgeon must know these complications and be able to treat them appropriately.

[Infiltrating bladder carcinoma and adrenal incidentaloma. Report of one case. Bibliographic review]. / Carcinoma vesical infiltrante e incidentaloma suprarrenal. A propósito de un caso. Revisión de la literatura.

OBJECTIVES: We report one case of left adrenal tumor discovered during the study of an infiltrating bladder carcinoma. We discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of the clinical case. METHODS: Surgical procedure was undertaken with radical cystectomy and Bricker's type urinary diversion, plus adenomectomy by anterior approach. RESULTS: The pathologic report showed a myelolipoma. CONCLUSIONS: Most adrenal tumors are benign, mainly if they are small and non-functioning. The protocol of hormonal study should include potassium and catecholamines. Tumors greater than 6 cm and functioning masses are indications for surgery. For oncological patients, surgical approach of the lesion is indicated if there is not evidence of dissemination.

Carcinoma vesical infiltrante e incidentaloma suprarrenal. A propósito de un caso. Revisión de la literatura / Infiltrating bladder carcinoma and adrenal incidentaloma. Report of one case. Bibliographic review

OBJETIVO: Presentamos un caso de un tumor suprarrenal izquierdo descubierto en el estudio de extensión de un carcinoma vesical infiltrante. Se discuten las implicaciones diagnóstico-terapéuticas del caso clínico. MÉTODO: Se realizó abordaje quirúrgico y se practicó, por un lado, cistectomía radical más derivación urinaria según técnica de Bricker, y por otro, suprarrenalectomía por vía anterior. RESULTADO: El estudio anatomopatológico de la pieza suprarrenalinformó de un mielolipoma. CONCLUSIONES: La mayoría de los tumores suprarrenales son benignos, especialmente si son pequeños y no funcionantes. El protocolo de estudio hormonal debe incluir potasio y catecolaminas. Son quirúrgicos, los mayores de 6 cms. y los funcionantes. En el paciente oncológico, si no existe evidencia de diseminación, está indicado el abordaje quirúrgico de la lesión (AU)

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[Dissecting aneurysm of the renal artery in patient with transplantation. Report of a case. Review of the literature]. / Aneurisma disecante de la arteria renal en paciente trasplantado. Presentación de un caso. Revisión de la literatura.

OBJECTIVES: Aneurysmatic processes of the renal artery after transplant are rare entities, generally secondary to technical defects or infectious pictures. Among other presentations, dissecting aneurysm are exceptional, having a particularly difficult diagnosis due to the lack of specific clinical data which could differentiate them from other processes such as graft rejection or acute tubular necrosis, as well as the absence of characteristic representative images. METHODS: We report one case of dissecting aneurysm after a kidney transplant resulting in graft loss. RESULTS: We analyze the presentation form, diagnostic procedures, pathologic studies, and possible therapeutic options. CONCLUSIONS: Dissecting aneurysm of the renal artery is a rare entity of difficult diagnosis due to the poorness of presenting symptoms and the difficulty of finding it in routine tests, being necessary to think of it and to perform angiography as the only diagnostic test. Treatment is carried out by hilar reconstruction or transplant nephrectomy when the former is not possible.

Urograma en resonancia magnética como alternativa a la urografía I.V.A propósito de tres casos. Revisión de la literatura / MRI urography as an alternative to intravenous urography: report of three cases. Bibliographic review

OBJETIVOS: La urografía intravenosa ha sido considerada clásicamente como una exploración imprescindible en una gran mayoría de patologías urológicas debido a la mayor información que aporta tanto desde el punto de vista funcional como morfológico, sobretodo en alteraciones ureterales donde otras exploraciones no alcanzan suficiente definición. Sin embargo, existen casos en los que no es posible realizar una urografía intravenosa debido a procesos alérgicos al contraste yodado o insuficiencia renal con imposibilidad de eliminación del contraste. MÉTODOS: Se presentan tres casos, que representan el ejemplo de las indicaciones de urograma en RM como alternativa a la urografía i.v. en casos en los que ésta no se puede o no se debe realizar. RESULTADOS: El urograma en R.M.N. está totalmente aceptado como técnica de diagnóstico en patología urológica como procedimiento alternativo a la urografía I.V. Tienes ventajas, tales como, el obtener imágenes en múltiples planos, no usar radiación ionizante, no existen evidencias de que cause daño celular, no precisa de eliminación glomerular de ninguna sustancia por lo que puede ser usado en enfermos con insuficiencia renal y en alérgicos al contraste iodado. CONCLUSIONES: El uso del urograma en R.M.N. supone una ventaja en enfermos con insuficiencia renal, alergia al contraste iodado o mayor riesgo de nefrotoxicidad del mismo, como es el caso de los trasplantados renales (AU)

Morbilidad precoz, temprana y tardía de laeventroplastia laparoscópica y tolerancia de la malla bilaminar (Parietex®) intraabdominal / Early, medium- and long-term morbidity of laparoscopic ventral hernioplasty and tolerance to the double-layer intra-abdominal mesh (parietex®)

Introducción. La reparación de las hernias incisionales mediante laparoscopia es una opción terapéutica todavía controvertida y cuya morbilidad es poco conocida, principalmente a medio y largo plazo. Objetivo. Evaluar la morbilidad postoperatoria de la eventroplastia laparoscópica, y analizar qué factores clínicos podrían relacionarse con ella. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio prospectivo de 86 pacientes operados de eventración mediante cirugía endoscópica. Se evalúan parámetros clínicos (edad, sexo, enfermedades asociadas, cirugía abdominal previa, localización y tipo de defecto), complicaciones postoperatorias (hematomas, seromas, obstrucción intestinal, fístulas, infecciones, etc.), tolerancia y valoración estética parietal y tasa de recidivas. El seguimiento medio (100 por ciento) ha sido de 42 meses (rango, 1-5 años) y ha incluido evaluación clínica y ecográfica. Resultados. La morbilidad postoperatoria global fue del 23,2 por ciento, con un caso de mortalidad tras sepsis por perforación intestinal, y una tasa de reingresos y de recidivas del 3,5 por ciento. Se han demostrado relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre las complicaciones y la localización infraumbilical (p < 0,001), la edad mayor de 60 años y el sexo femenino (p < 0,05).El estudio ultrasónico dinámico ha demostrado un 91 y un 94 por ciento de pacientes libres de adherencias al año y 3 años, respectivamente. La valoración estética de la pared a los 3 años ha demostrado asimetrías persistentes en el 5 por ciento de los pacientes y un grado de satisfacción personal del 92 por ciento. Conclusiones. La morbilidad de la eventroplastia laparoscópica no es despreciable. El cirujano debe de conocer estas complicaciones y estar en condiciones de poder tratarlas de forma adecuada. Aconsejamos durante el período de aprendizaje seleccionar hernias incisionales de pacientes varones, menores de 65 años, con defectos inferiores a 12 cm y de localización no infraumbilical (AU)

Aneurisma disecante de la arteria renal en paciente trasplantado. Presentación de un caso. Revisión de la literatura / Dissecting aneurism of the renal artery in a transplant patient. Report of one case and bibliographic review

OBJETIVOS: Los procesos aneurismáticos de la arteria renal en el trasplante, son entidades poco frecuentes, secundarias generalmente a defectos técnicos o cuadros infecciosos. Entre las formas de presentación, el aneurisma disecante es excepcional, teniendo la particularidad de su difícil diagnóstico, por la falta de datos clínicos específicos que lo diferencien con otros procesos tales como el Rechazo del Injerto o la Necrosis Tubular Aguda, así como por la ausencia de imágenes representativas del mismo. MÉTODOS: Presentamos el caso de un aneurisma disecante en el curso evolutivo de un trasplante renal que motivó la pérdida del injerto. RESULTADOS: Se analiza la forma de presentación, el proceder diagnóstico, el estudio anatomopatológico, el diagnóstico diferencial y las posibilidades terapéuticas del mismo. CONCLUSIONES: El aneurisma disecante de la arteria renal es una entidad rara de difícil diagnóstico por la pobreza de síntomas que presenta y la dificultad de encontrarlo en las exploraciones de rutina, debiendo pensar en él, para la realización de angiografías como único método diagnóstico. El tratamiento, bien reconstrucción del hilio, bien trasplantectomía, en casos en los que nos sea posible el anterior (AU)

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[Relation between hypertension and clinical cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia]. / Estudio de la relación entre hipertensión y caso clínico de hiperplasia benigna de próstata.

OBJECTIVES: To confirm the relationship between hypertension and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in our environment, and to evaluate the association between hypertension and LUTS secondary to benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). METHODS: We prospectively studied during 3 months all male patients older than 50 years (163 patients) analysing previous medical history, IPSS, digital rectal examination, urine sediment, basic biochemical profile, PSA, uroflowmetry, and urinary tract ultrasound. Patients with neurological diseases, previous pelvic trauma, diabetes mellitus, suspicious digital rectal examination, abnormal PSA, or under treatment with alpha blockers, antidepressants, finasteride or antipsychotic drugs were excluded. RESULTS: From a total of 163 patients 113 were classified as suffering clinical BPH (LUTS, prostate greater than 30 gm, and uroflowmetry < 15 ml/sec), and 75 as hypertensive. Among 75 hypertensive patients 31 presented IPSS greater than 7 (41.3%) in comparison to 20 out of 88 non hypertensive patients (22.7%), being the difference statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms what has been previously reported by other authors, that there is a statistically significant relationship between hypertension and LUTS secondary to BPH.

Estudio de la relación entre hipertensión y caso clínico de hiperplasia benigna depróstata / Clinical study to evaluate the relationship between hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia

OBJETIVOS: Confirmar la asociación entre H.T.A.y síntomas del tracto urinario inferior (L.U.T.S.) en nuestro medio y evaluar la asociación entre H.T.A. y síntomas del tracto urinario inferior debidos a Hiperplasia Benigna de la Próstata (H.B.P.). MÉTODOS: Durante tres meses, estudiamos prospectivamente, todos los varones mayores de 50 años (163 pacientes) analizando los antecedentes personales, cuestionario IPSS, tacto rectal, sedimento urinario, bioquímica elemental, P.S.A., flujometría y ecografía renovesical y prostática. Se excluyen los enfermos con alteraciones neurológicas, traumatismo pélvico previo o diabetes mellitas, tacto rectal sospechoso y P.S.A. alterado y consumo habitual de fármacos como alfabloqueantes, antidepresivos, finasteride o antipsicóticos. RESULTADO: De los 163 pacientes, 113 fueron catalogados como "H.B.P. clínica" (presencia de síntomas del tracto urinario inferior, próstata mayor de 30 gramos y flujometría inferior de 15 ml./sg.), y 75 como hipertensos. De los 75 hipertensos, 31 presentó puntuación IPSS superior a 7(41,3 por ciento) frente a los 20 de los 88 no hipertensos (22,7 por ciento), existiendo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa. CONCLUSIONES: Nuestro estudio, reafirma los resultados ya comunicados por otros autores, con relación estadísticamente significativa entre la H.T.A. y síntomas de prostatismo (I.P.S.S.) (AU)

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[Magnetic resonance urogram as alternative to i.v. urography. Report of 3 cases. Review of the literature]. / Urograma en resonancia magnética como alternativa a la urografia i.v. A propósito de tres casos. Revisión de la literatura.

OBJECTIVES: Intravenous urography (IVU) has been classically considered as an essential examination in the great majority of urologic diseases due to the great amount of information that supplies both functional and morphological, mainly for ureteral abnormalities where other exams do not reach enough definition. Nevertheless, there are cases in which it is not possible to perform an intravenous urography due to allergy to iodine contrasts or renal failure with impossibility of contrast excretion. METHODS: We report three cases which represent the example of the indications of MRI urography as an alternative to IVU in cases in which this latter cannot or should not be performed. RESULTS: MRI urography is completely accepted as a diagnostic technique for urologic diseases as an alternative to IVU. It has advantages, such as obtaining images in multiple planes, avoiding the use of ionizing radiation, that there is no evidence of it causing cell damage, that it does not require glomerular elimination of any substance so it can be used in patients with renal failure and allergy to iodine contrasts. CONCLUSIONS: The use of MRI urography results in an advantage for patients with renal failure, iodine contrasts allergy, or greater risk of contrast nephrotoxicity as it is the case of renal transplant patients.