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1.
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol ; 61(3): 408-414, 2023 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36123819

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To describe ultrasound features of fetal ovarian cysts as reported by the original ultrasound examiner, to apply International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) terminology after retrospective analysis of the images and to describe patient management and evolution of fetal cysts during pregnancy and after delivery. METHODS: This retrospective observational study included pregnant women diagnosed on ultrasound examination with a fetal ovarian cyst at the Prenatal Diagnosis Division of the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, in Rome, between March 2011 and May 2020. Cysts were classified by the original ultrasound examiner as 'simple' (unilocular anechoic cyst) or 'complex' (cyst with other morphology). In addition, three ultrasound examiners, experienced in gynecologic ultrasound, classified retrospectively the fetal ovarian cysts according to IOTA terminology, by reviewing stored ultrasound images. The evolution of these fetal ovarian cysts during pregnancy and after birth was recorded. RESULTS: Included were 51 ovarian cysts in 48 fetuses. Of the 51 cysts, 29 (56.9%) had been classified by the original ultrasound examiner as 'simple', and 22 (43.1%) as 'complex'. Of the simple cysts, the majority (20/29 (69.0%)) resolved spontaneously after delivery, 2/29 (6.9%) resolved following intrauterine aspiration, 2/29 (6.9%) resolved after postnatal aspiration and 5/29 (17.2%) underwent surgery due to persistence after delivery; in all five, normal ovarian parenchyma without signs of necrosis was observed at histology. Of the complex cysts, 7/22 (31.8%) resolved spontaneously. The other 15/22 (68.2%) were removed surgically and, at histology, necrosis was observed in most (12/15 (80.0%)), while a benign epithelial cyst with normal ovarian parenchyma was observed in 3/15 (20%). After reviewing the ultrasound images and applying IOTA terminology, all 51 (100%) fetal cysts were described as unilocular; 29/51 (56.9%) cysts showed anechoic content (described as simple cysts by the original ultrasound examiner), and 10/51 (19.6%) had low-level, 1/51 (2.0%) had ground-glass, 9/51 (17.6%) had hemorrhagic, 1/51 (2.0%) had mixed and 1/51 (2.0%) had undefined content (all described as complex by the original ultrasound examiner). Among the 29 anechoic ovarian cysts, resolution was observed in most (24/29, 82.8%) cases. Similarly, resolution was observed in 7/10 (70.0%) cysts with low-level content. Resolution was not observed in any of the other 12 cysts and all of these cases underwent surgery, with evidence of necrosis being observed in 11 (91.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Applying IOTA terminology provided a more detailed and accurate description of fetal ovarian cysts compared with the original classification into 'simple' and 'complex' categories. Anechoic cysts (described as simple cysts by the original ultrasound examiner) and cysts with low-level content (described as complex by the original ultrasound examiner) frequently resolved spontaneously. Cysts with ground-glass, hemorrhagic, mixed or undefined content were frequently associated with necrosis at histology following surgery. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.


Subject(s)
Cysts , Ovarian Cysts , Ovarian Neoplasms , Child , Female , Pregnancy , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Ovarian Cysts/diagnostic imaging , Cysts/pathology , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
2.
Article in ES | IBECS | ID: ibc-27984

ABSTRACT

Los efectos del ejercicio sobre la masa ósea han sido revisados en diversos estudios pero son difíciles de generalizar. Se suele aceptar que el sedentarismo conlleva una disminución de la masa ósea y que la actividad física ayuda a evitar la osteoporosis. Algunos autores refieren que el deporte se asocia al aumento de la masa ósea mientras que otros no encuentran ninguna relación o incluso afirman que puede disminuirla. Los entrenamientos de carga estimulan la densidad ósea por efecto directo sobre la formación osteoblástica e indirecto por unas fuerzas localizadas producidas por la contracción muscular. El uso prolongado de esteroides anabolizantes puede interferir con el estímulo del deporte de carga sobre la formación de hueso. Los deportes aeróbicos no ayudan a aumentar la masa ósea excepto en las regiones anatómicas más ejercitadas. La amenorrea secundaria al entrenamiento prolongado puede provocar una disminución del contenido óseo en mujeres atletas (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Density/physiology , Sports/physiology , Exercise/physiology
3.
An Med Interna ; 19(10): 503-5, 2002 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12487100

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To know the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in alcoholic cirrhotic males from 45 to 65 years old. To prove if the nutritional state is involved in the loss of bone mass in the hepatic disease. STUDY POPULATION: 52 alcoholic cirrhotic males from 45 to 65 years old, with normal kidney function, non-sedentary and with no treatment that could alterate the study. Design and variables: transversal descriptive study finished in 2 years. The nutritional state was evaluated by means of classic anthropometric parameters (weight, height, perimeter of the arm and skin folds) and total body densitometry (DPX plus LUNAR-DEXA with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Mc Intosh computer (Filemaker PRO program). T Student was used to compare groups and p was significant if alpha alpha < or = 0.05. Clinical severity of cirrhosis: Child-Turcotte classification. RESULTS: Osteopenia was diagnosed if bone mineral density (BMD) was higher than 1 standard deviation (SD) but lower than 3 SD below T score (mean values for adult women) and osteoporosis (OP) if BMD was higher than 3 SD or vertebral compression fractures appeared in simple radiographies. The prevalence of bone disease was 58%. The percentages of fat obtained by means of anthropometric and densitometric measures were higher in non-osteopenic patients. DISCUSSION: The prevalence of bone disease was higher than another studies. The total body densitometry is a more exact method to measure the percentage of body fat. The percentages of fat obtained with both methods were not related to the loss of bone mass. The nutritional state as an isolated factor does not lead to bone disease in these patients.


Subject(s)
Bone Diseases, Metabolic/epidemiology , Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/complications , Osteoporosis/epidemiology , Osteoporosis/etiology , Absorptiometry, Photon , Aged , Anthropometry , Bone Density/physiology , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/diagnosis , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nutritional Status/physiology , Osteoporosis/diagnosis , Prevalence , Spain/epidemiology
4.
An. med. interna (Madr., 1983) ; 19(10): 503-505, oct. 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-17170

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Conocer la prevalencia de osteopenia y osteoporosis en cirróticos alcohólicos entre 45 y 65 años de edad. Comprobar si el estado nutricional está implicado en la pérdida de masa ósea de la enfermedad hepática. Material y métodos: Población a estudio: 52 varones cirróticos alcohólicos de 45 a 65 años de edad, con función renal normal, no sedentarios y sin ningún tratamiento que pudiera alterar el estudio. Diseño y variables: estudio descriptivo transversal finalizado en 2 años. El estado nutricional se evaluó por medio de parámetros antropométricos clásicos (peso, altura, perímetro braquial y pliegues cutáneos) y densitometría corporal total (absortimetría de doble haz de RX DPX plus LUNARDEXA). Análisis de los datos: ordenador Mc Intosh (programa Filemaker PRO). Se usó la t de Student para comparar grupos y p fue significativo si 0,05. Gravedad clínica de la cirrosis: clasificación de Child-Turcotte.Resultados: Se consideró osteopenia si la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) estaba por encima de 1 desviación estándar (DE) pero por debajo de 3 DE respecto a la T score (valores promedio en mujeres adultas) y osteoporosis (OP) si la DMO estaba por encima de 3 DE o existían fracturas de compresión vertebrales. La prevalencia de enfermedad ósea fue del 58 per cent. Los porcentajes de grasa obtenidos por medidas antropométricas y densitométricas fueron superiores en los pacientes no osteopénicos. Discusión: La prevalencia de enfermedad ósea fue superior a la de otros estudios. La densitometría corporal total es un método más exacto para medir el porcentaje de grasa corporal. Los porcentajes de grasa obtenidos con ambos métodos no se relacionaron con la pérdida de masa ósea. El estado nutricional como factor aislado no conlleva desmineralización ósea en estos pacientes. (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Aged , Male , Humans , Spain , Prevalence , Nutritional Status , Osteoporosis , Bone Diseases, Metabolic , Anthropometry , Cross-Sectional Studies , Absorptiometry, Photon , Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic , Bone Density
5.
An Med Interna ; 19(3): 143-50, 2002 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12012764

ABSTRACT

Eating disorders (anorexia and bulimia nervosa) are present in 1-3% of young female women. A later beginning, prolonged amenorrhea and low body mass index are risk factors of osteopenia in bulimic patients. Bone demineralization in anorexia nervosa is due to a greater resorption than bone formation leading to osteopenia, secondary osteoporosis and increased risk of pathologic fractures. Pathophysiology of bone disease includes factors as long duration of amenorrhea, deficient absorption of calcium, extreme physical exercise, 1.25 vitamin D deficiency, low creatinine clearance, increased blood and urinary cortisol and high levels of GH. Proposed treatments are nutritional improvement and weight gain (the most important), calcium supplementation, moderate exercise, estrogens, antidepressive drugs, fluoride in selected cases, byphosphonates and recombinant human IGF-1. An adequate questionnaire is essential in women with slightly decreased weight and menstrual disorders.


Subject(s)
Anorexia/complications , Bone Resorption/etiology , Bone and Bones/metabolism , Bulimia/complications , Female , Humans
6.
An. med. interna (Madr., 1983) ; 19(3): 143-150, mar. 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-10475

ABSTRACT

Los trastornos de la alimentación (anorexia y bulimia nerviosa)afectan al 1-3 por ciento de las mujeres jóvenes adultas. Edad tardía de inicio, duración de amenorrea e índice bajo de masa corporal son factores de riesgo de osteopenia en pacientes bulímicas. Se produce desmineralización cuando la reabsorción sobrepasa a la formación ósea en la AN, lo que lleva al desarrollo de osteopenia, osteoporosis secundaria y mayor riesgo de fracturas patológicas. La patofisiología de la desmineralización se atribuye a diversos factores como duración de la amenorrea, deficiente absorción de calcio, ejercicio físico extremo, déficit de 1,25 (OH) vit D, bajo aclaramiento de creatinina, exceso de cortisol sérico y urinario y niveles altos de GH. Los tratamientos recomendados son rehabilitación nutricional (el más importante), suplementos de calcio, ejercicio moderado, terapia estrogénica cuando esté indicada, tratamiento antidepresivo, flúor en casos seleccionados, bifosfonatos e IGF-1 recombinante humano. Un interrogatorio preciso es esencial en mujeres con peso ligeramente descendido y con trastornos menstruales. (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Bone and Bones , Anorexia , Bulimia , Bone Resorption
7.
Rev. esp. enferm. metab. óseas (Ed. impr.) ; 11(1): 13-15, ene. 2002. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-11326

ABSTRACT

Los estudios que han analizado la relación entre los polimorfismos del intrón 1 del receptor de estrógenos alfa y la masa ósea han dado resultados contradictorios. Recientemente se ha señalado que el análisis haplotípico tendría un mayor poder discriminante que el análisis alélico convencional. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si en nuestro medio existe relación entre la presencia del haplotipo Px y el pico de masa ósea o las fracturas osteoporóticas. Para ello se reanalizaron los datos obtenidos en un grupo de mujeres previamente estudiadas, en las que se amplificó una región del intrón 1 del receptor estrogénico mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y se sometió posteriormente a digestión con las enzimas Pvull y Xbal. No se encontró relación entre la presencia o no del haplotipo Px y la masa ósea de las mujeres jóvenes sanas. Sin embargo, la frecuencia del haplotipo Px fue significativamente mayor en las mujeres con fractura de cadera que en las controles (odds ratio 2,7; intervalo de confianza [IC] 95 por ciento 1,1-6,9; p = 0,03). Estos resultados sugieren que, de existir aumento de riesgo en relación con la presencia del haplotipo Px, no se debe a que se alcance un pico de masa ósea menor, sino a una mayor pérdida tras la menopausia (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Middle Aged , Humans , Haplotypes/genetics , Receptors, Estrogen/genetics , Hip Fractures/genetics , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/genetics , Introns/genetics , Risk Factors , Bone Density/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Polymerase Chain Reaction
9.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 114(7): 241-4, 2000 Feb 26.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10758594

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Several studies suggested that some vitamin D receptor (VDR) and estrogen receptor (ER) polymorphisms influence bone mass. However, others did not confirm these results. This study was undertaken to determine if the genotypes revealed by the combined analysis of VDR and ER polymorphisms are associated with clinically significant differences in peak bone mass and the risk of osteoporotic fractures. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of VDR were determined with the enzymes Bsml, Apal, Taql, and Fokl. Enzymes Xbal and Pvull were used as polymorphic markers of the ER. The study group comprised 149 young control women (18-34 years), 66 postmenopausal controls, 99 women with hip fracture and 76 women with osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by DEXA. RESULTS: We did not find significant differences in lumbar spine or hip BMD among young women with different genotypes (determined with either single or multiple polymorphic markers). Likewise, there were no differences in the frequency distributions of VDR or ER alleles between control and fractured women. The study had a 77% power to detect a fracture odds ratio of 2 in case of genotypes present in at least 15% of the population. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the polymorphic markers used in this study do not have enough discriminant power to be clinically useful in the assessment of fracture risk.


Subject(s)
Bone Density/genetics , Hip Fractures/genetics , Osteoporosis/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics , Receptors, Estrogen/genetics , Spinal Fractures/genetics , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Genotype , Hip Fractures/epidemiology , Humans , Middle Aged , Osteoporosis/epidemiology , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Risk Factors , Spinal Fractures/epidemiology
11.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 114(7): 241-244, feb. 2000.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-6299

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: Algunos estudios han sugerido que ciertos polimorfismos de los genes del receptor de la vitamina D (RVD) y de los estrógenos (RE) influyen en la masa ósea. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar si el análisis combinado de los polimorfismos de RVD y RE permite definir genotipos con diferencias clínicamente significativas en el pico de masa ósea y en el riesgo de sufrir fracturas osteoporóticas. Pacientes y métodos: Se estudiaron mujeres de los grupos siguientes: a) jóvenes sanas, de 18-34 años de edad (n = 149); b) posmenopáusicas sin fracturas osteoporóticas (n = 66); c) fractura de cadera (n = 99), y d) fracturas vertebrales osteoporóticas (n = 76). Se determinaron los polimorfismos del RVD mediante PCR y digestión con enzimas de restricción BsmI, ApaI, TaqI y FokI. Los polimorfismos del RE se analizaron con las enzimas XbaI y PvuII. La densidad mineral ósea (DMO) se midió por absorciometría de rayos X. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la DMO de las mujeres jóvenes (pico de masa ósea) en relación con los polimorfismos analizados, de forma aislada o conjunta. Tampoco se encontraron diferencias en la distribución de alelos del RVD y del RE entre las mujeres control y las que sufrían fracturas. Dada la distribución alélica encontrada, el estudio tenía una potencia del 77 por ciento para detectar un aumento del riesgo de fractura equivalente a una odds ratio de 2 para los genotipos presentes en al menos el 15 por ciento de la población. Conclusiones: Los polimorfismos de los RVD y RE estudiados en el presente trabajo no tienen capacidad discriminativa suficiente como para que su determinación tenga utilidad en la valoración clínica del riesgo de fractura (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Male , Female , Humans , Polymorphism, Genetic , Polymorphism, Genetic , Risk Factors , Spain , Tuberculosis , Spinal Fractures , DNA Fingerprinting , Cluster Analysis , Receptors, Calcitriol , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Osteoporosis , Receptors, Estrogen , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , DNA, Bacterial , Hip Fractures , Genotype , Bone Density
13.
An. med. interna (Madr., 1983) ; 16(3): 133-135, mar. 1999. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-25

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Describir las clamidiasis respiratorias diagnosticadas en el Hospital de Basurto (Bilbao) los cuatro últimos años (Junio del 93 a Mayo del 97). Diseño: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo basado en la revisión de historias clínicas partiendo de casos con serología y clínica compatibles. Resultados: Encontramos 12 casos de infección por Chlamydia verificados con la técnica de ELISA (inespecífica para las tres especies de Chlamydia) que se confirmaron tras Inmunofluorescencia como infección por Chlamydia pneumoniae de las que describimos clinica (fiebre el 100 porciento, tos el 75 %, crepitantes el 75 %, expectoración el 50 %...), diagnóstico (Neumonía con condensación radiológica en el 91,6 %) y tratamiento (doxiciclina, eritromicina...). Conclusiones: Destacar la escasa presencia de casos infectados por C. pneumoniae y la ausencia de C. psittaci en este medio hospitalario durante ese periodo (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Chlamydia Infections/complications , Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Pneumonia/diagnosis , Pneumonia/drug therapy , Doxycycline/therapeutic use , Erythromycin/therapeutic use , Medical Records , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Chlamydophila pneumoniae/pathogenicity , Fever/diagnosis , Fever/drug therapy , Cough/diagnosis , Cough/drug therapy , Chlamydia trachomatis , Chlamydophila psittaci
14.
An Med Interna ; 15(11): 591-3, 1998 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9882857

ABSTRACT

The authors present one clinical case of lung epidermoid carcinoma with several concurrent features which are uncommon in relation to this type of neoplasia. Consequently, the age of the patient (22), the lack of known risk factors, the histologic type (little differentiated squamous) and an aggressive biologic behaviour of the tumour, preceded of multiple cutaneous metastasis, are circumstances that make this clinical case exceptional. The more significative aspects present at lung carcinoma included in this age group respect to others are analyzed.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/secondary , Adult , Humans , Male , Scalp
16.
An Med Interna ; 13(6): 285-7, 1996 Jun.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8962960

ABSTRACT

We present a new case of pseudomyxoma peritonei secondary to a mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary, whose presenting symptoms were abdominal distension and bilateral hernias. This is an uncommon entity and diagnosis tends to be casual. Each day, ultrasonography and computed tomography are more useful in suspicion. Aggressive surgical debulking followed by intraperitoneal chemotherapy seem to be the better treatment, even though controversies persist.


Subject(s)
Cystadenoma, Mucinous/complications , Ovarian Neoplasms/complications , Pseudomyxoma Peritonei/etiology , Aged , Cystadenoma, Mucinous/diagnosis , Cystadenoma, Mucinous/surgery , Female , Hernia, Inguinal/etiology , Humans , Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction/etiology , Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction/surgery , Leiomyoma , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis , Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery , Respiration Disorders/complications , Uterine Neoplasms
17.
An Med Interna ; 13(4): 181-4, 1996 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8688477

ABSTRACT

Relapsing polychondritis is an episodic systemic disorder, characterized by recurrent inflammation that affects cartilaginous structures, the cardiovascular system, eyes and ears. Although the etiology is unknown, experimental evidence strongly suggest that immunologically mediated mechanisms are implicated. Auricular, articular and nasal manifestations are the most frequent disturbances. In about 30% of cases, relapsing polychondritis is associated with other connective tissue diseases and vasculitis. Actually, the diagnosis is based on the criteria proposed by McAdam, and modified by Damiani. We present a case, whose first manifestations of relapsing polychondritis were an intermittent fever and transient arthralgias. Eight months later, auricular chondritis appeared, and gave us the key to diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Polychondritis, Relapsing/diagnosis , Aged , Diagnosis, Differential , Ear, External , Female , Humans
19.
An Med Interna ; 11(5): 244-6, 1994 May.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8061142

ABSTRACT

In the adult, the primary infection by the varicella-zoster virus acquires an unusual severity due to several complications, the most frequent of them being pneumonia. The authors analyze the clinical, epidemiological, serological and radiological data of the only two cases of varicellous pneumonia in the adult at a general hospital during the past 5 years. They highlight as the main characteristics: easiness of diagnosis, dissociation between clinical and radiological signs and the excellent therapeutical response to the early administration of intravenous Aciclovir. They comment as well the risk factors of this complication and the criteria for hospitalization.


Subject(s)
Chickenpox , Pneumonia, Viral , Acyclovir/therapeutic use , Adult , Chickenpox/diagnosis , Chickenpox/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy
20.
Rev Clin Esp ; 191(5): 245-51, 1992 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1475438

ABSTRACT

Cardiac function is studied with regular hemodynamic determinations and 2D-doppler echocardiography, in 22 patients with massive ascites. Patients were divided in two groups: 1. Hepatic cirrhosis (n = 12) and 2. Peritoneal carcinomatosis (n = 10). Patients with carcinomatosis showed lowered heart-beat volume, cardiac output, ventricular work and ejection fraction in comparison with cirrhotic patients. In cirrhotic patients the hemodynamic study was done before and after an evacuatory paracentesis, following which an improvement in cardiac function was shown, with significant increments in heart-beat volume, cardiac output, ventricular work, and ejection fraction. 42% of the cirrhotic patients showed an hyperdynamic circulatory status in the baseline study, but after paracentesis this hyperkinetic status was present in 100% of the patients. It is suggested that tension ascites influences negatively in cardiac function because it difficult the venous return. This depression in the ventricular function is more obvious in patients with carcinomas that in cirrhotic patients due to the fact that the former do not have a previous circulatory status.


Subject(s)
Ascites/physiopathology , Heart/physiopathology , Punctures , Aged , Ascites/therapy , Echocardiography, Doppler , Female , Hemodynamics/physiology , Humans , Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/physiopathology , Male , Middle Aged , Peritoneal Neoplasms/physiopathology , Prospective Studies
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