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1.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 48(5): 247-253, mayo.-2024. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-ADZ-388

ABSTRACT

Objetiv Describir los resultados obtenidos en UCI españolas en el estudio ETHICUS II. Diseño Subestudio planificado de pacientes del ETHICUS II. Ámbito 12 UCI españolas. Pacientes o participantes Pacientes que fallecieron o en los que se decidió una limitación de tratamiento de soporte vital (LTSV) durante un periodo de reclutamiento de 6 meses. Intervenciones Se realizó seguimiento hasta el alta de la UCI y 2 meses tras la decisión de LTSV o fallecimiento. Variables de interés principales Características demográficas, clínicas, tipo de decisión de LTSV. Se clasificaron en 4 categorías: omisión o retirada de tratamientos de soporte, acortar el proceso de morir, resucitación cardiopulmonar ineficaz y muerte cerebral. Resultados Un total de 12 UCI participaron en el ETHICUS II. Incluyeron 795 pacientes; 129 fallecieron tras realizarse RCP, 129 desarrollaron muerte encefálica. Se decidió LTSV en 537, fallecieron en UCI 485, el 90,3%. La edad media fue 66,19 años±14,36, el 63,8% fueron hombres. En un 41% se decidió retirada de tratamientos de soporte total y en un 59% se procedió a no iniciar medidas. Diecinueve pacientes (2,38%) disponían de documento de voluntades vitales anticipadas. Conclusiones El perfil clínico predominante cuando se estableció una LTSV fue el de pacientes varones mayores de 65 años con comorbilidad mayoritariamente cardiovascular. La supervivencia fue mayor en las decisiones de LTSV que comprendían la omisión de tratamientos respecto a aquellas en las que se decidió la retirada. España ha ocupado un papel destacado en este estudio multicéntrico de ámbito mundial. (AU)


Objective The aim of this study is to describe the results of Spanish ICUs in ETHICUS II study. Design Planned substudy of patients from ETHICUS II study. Setting 12 Spanish ICU. Patients or participants Patients admitted to Spanish ICU who died or in whom a limitation of life-sustaining treatment (LLST) was decided during a recruitment period of 6 months. Interventions Follow-up of patients was performed until discharge from the ICU and 2 months after the decision of LLST or death. Main variables of interest Demographic characteristics, clinical profile, type of decision of LLST, time and form in which it was adopted. Patients were classified into 4 categories according to the ETHICUS II study protocol: withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining therapy, active shortening of the dying process, failed cardiopulmonary resuscitation and patients with brain death. Results A total of 795 patients were analyzed; 129 patients died after CPR, 129 developed brain death. LLST was decided in 537 patients, 485 died in the ICU, 90.3%. The mean age was 66.19 years±14.36, 63.8% of male patients. In 221 (41%) it was decided to withdraw life-sustaining treatments and in 316(59%) withholding life-sustaining treatments. Nineteen patients (2.38%) had advance living directives. Conclusions The predominant clinical profile when LTSV was established was male patients over 65 years with mostly cardiovascular comorbidity. We observed that survival was higher in LLST decisions involving withholding of treatments compared to those in which withdrawal was decided. Spain has played a leading role in both patient and ICU recruitment participating in this worldwide multicenter study. (AU)


Subject(s)
Death , Advanced Cardiac Life Support , Intensive Care Units , Therapeutics , Crisis Intervention
2.
Med Intensiva (Engl Ed) ; 48(5): 247-253, 2024 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38538498

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe the results of Spanish ICUs in ETHICUS II study. DESIGN: Planned substudy of patients from ETHICUS II study. SETTING: 12 Spanish ICU. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS: Patients admitted to Spanish ICU who died or in whom a limitation of life-sustaining treatment (LLST) was decided during a recruitment period of 6 months. INTERVENTIONS: Follow-up of patients was performed until discharge from the ICU and 2 months after the decision of LLST or death. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Demographic characteristics, clinical profile, type of decision of LLST, time and form in which it was adopted. Patients were classified into 4 categories according to the ETHICUS II study protocol: withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining therapy, active shortening of the dying process, failed cardiopulmonary resuscitation and patients with brain death. RESULTS: A total of 795 patients were analyzed; 129 patients died after CPR, 129 developed brain death. LLST was decided in 537 patients, 485 died in the ICU, 90.3%. The mean age was 66.19 years ± 14.36, 63.8% of male patients. In 221 (41%) it was decided to withdraw life-sustaining treatments and in 316 (59%) withholding life-sustaining treatments. Nineteen patients (2.38%) had advance living directives. CONCLUSIONS: The predominant clinical profile when LTSV was established was male patients over 65 years with mostly cardiovascular comorbidity. We observed that survival was higher in LLST decisions involving withholding of treatments compared to those in which withdrawal was decided. Spain has played a leading role in both patient and ICU recruitment participating in this worldwide multicenter study.


Subject(s)
Intensive Care Units , Life Support Care , Withholding Treatment , Humans , Male , Spain/epidemiology , Female , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Withholding Treatment/statistics & numerical data , Life Support Care/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/statistics & numerical data , Follow-Up Studies
3.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 35(1): 67-70, 2024. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-231510

ABSTRACT

El cáncer de mama es el tipo de cáncer más frecuente y la quinta causa de muerte por cáncer en mujeres a nivel mundial. Este tipo de cáncer constituye un importante problema de salud, tanto por su incidencia y mortalidad como por sus repercusiones físicas, psicológicas y económicas. Los programas de cribado y diagnóstico precoz, así como la mejora de los tratamientos, favorecen de manera significativa el pronóstico y la supervivencia a la enfermedad. Pero cuando se detecta de manera tardía, ya sea por fallo del sistema o por dejadez de la persona, surge el problema moral, la dicotomía entre tratar de curar a pesar de los efectos secundarios negativos de los tratamientos o aplicar medidas paliativas procurando mejorar la calidad de vida. A continuación, presentamos un caso clínico de una mujer de 78 años con cáncer de mama con diseminación cutánea y ulceración. Se revisa el tema: incidencia, evolución, mortalidad, linfedema, calidad de vida, decisiones anticipadas y atención paliativa.(AU)


Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. This type of cancer constitutes a major health problem, both due to its high incidence and mortality and its physical, psychological and economic. Screening programs and early diagnosis, as well as improved treatments, significantly improve the prognosis and survival of disease. But when it is detected late, either due to system failure or neglect of the person, the moral problem arises, the dichotomy between trying to cure despite negative side effects of treatments or applying palliative measures trying to improve the quality of life, life despite anticipating that it will be short. Below we present a clinical case of a 78-year-old woman with skin dissemination and ulceration breast cancer. The subject is reviewed: incidence, evolution, mortality, lymphedema, quality of life, early decisions and palliative care.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/nursing , Bioethics , Death , Nursing , Early Diagnosis , Palliative Care
4.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 58(3): 134-140, may.-jun. 2023. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-221955

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de síndromes geriátricos (SG) en población geriátrica de los distintos recursos de atención intermedia, así como su relación con la mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo observacional prospectivo, realizado en recursos de atención intermedia de la zona de Vic (Barcelona) entre julio del 2018 y septiembre del 2019. Se incluyó de forma consecutiva a todas las personas de ≥ 65 años o criterios de paciente crónico complejo o enfermedad crónica avanzada, a los que se valoró la presencia de SG mediante las preguntas trigger del Índice Frágil-VIG (IF-VIG), administrado en situación basal, al ingreso, al alta y a los 30 días del alta. Resultados: Se incluyó a 442 participantes, de los que el 55,4% eran mujeres, con una edad media de 83,48 años. Existen diferencias significativas (p <0,05) entre fragilidad, edad y número de SG con relación al recurso de atención intermedia en el momento del ingreso. Hubo diferencias significativas en la prevalencia de los SG entre el grupo de pacientes que fallecieron durante el ingreso (24,7% de la muestra) con relación a los supervivientes: tanto en situación basal (malnutrición, disfagia, delirium, pérdida de autonomía, úlceras por presión e insomnio), como en la valoración al ingreso (caídas, malnutrición, disfagia, deterioro cognitivo, delirium, pérdida de autonomía e insomnio). Conclusiones: Existe una estrecha relación entre prevalencia de SG y mortalidad intrahospitalaria en los recursos de atención intermedia. A falta de más estudios, la utilización del IF-VIG como check-list de cribado de SG podría ser útil para su detección. (AU)


Objective: To determine the prevalence of geriatric syndromes (GS) in the geriatric population of the different intermediate care resources, as well as its relationship with intrahospital mortality. Material and methods: A prospective observational descriptive study, carried out in intermediate care resources in the Vic area (Barcelona) between July 2018 and September 2019. All people aged ≥65 years and/or criteria of complex chronic patient and/or advanced chronic disease, who were assessed for the presence of GS using the trigger questions of the Frail VIG-Index (IF-VIG), administered at baseline, on admission, on discharge and 30 days after discharge. Results: Four hundred and forty-two participants were included, of which 55.4% were women, with a mean age of 83.48 years. There are significant differences (P<.05) between frailty, age and number of GS in relation to the intermediate care resource at the time of admission. There were significant differences in the prevalence of GS between the group of patients who died during the hospitalization (24.7% of the sample) in relation to the survivors: both in a situation baseline (malnutrition, dysphagia, delirium, loss of autonomy, pressure ulcers, and insomnia), as well as in the admission assessment (falls, malnutrition, dysphagia, cognitive impairment, delirium, loss of autonomy, and insomnia). Conclusions: There is a close relationship between the prevalence of GS and in-hospital mortality in intermediate care resources. In the absence of more studies, the use of the IF-VIG as a screening checklist for GS could be useful for its detection. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Delirium/epidemiology , Malnutrition , Deglutition Disorders , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Spain , Frail Elderly , Geriatric Assessment , Prevalence
5.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol ; 58(3): 134-140, 2023.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37142459

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of geriatric syndromes (GS) in the geriatric population of the different intermediate care resources, as well as its relationship with intrahospital mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective observational descriptive study, carried out in intermediate care resources in the Vic area (Barcelona) between July 2018 and September 2019. All people aged ≥65 years and/or criteria of complex chronic patient and/or advanced chronic disease, who were assessed for the presence of GS using the trigger questions of the Frail VIG-Index (IF-VIG), administered at baseline, on admission, on discharge and 30 days after discharge. RESULTS: Four hundred and forty-two participants were included, of which 55.4% were women, with a mean age of 83.48 years. There are significant differences (P<.05) between frailty, age and number of GS in relation to the intermediate care resource at the time of admission. There were significant differences in the prevalence of GS between the group of patients who died during the hospitalization (24.7% of the sample) in relation to the survivors: both in a situation baseline (malnutrition, dysphagia, delirium, loss of autonomy, pressure ulcers, and insomnia), as well as in the admission assessment (falls, malnutrition, dysphagia, cognitive impairment, delirium, loss of autonomy, and insomnia). CONCLUSIONS: There is a close relationship between the prevalence of GS and in-hospital mortality in intermediate care resources. In the absence of more studies, the use of the IF-VIG as a screening checklist for GS could be useful for its detection.


Subject(s)
Deglutition Disorders , Delirium , Malnutrition , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Humans , Aged , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Male , Prospective Studies , Inpatients , Prevalence , Syndrome , Delirium/epidemiology , Geriatric Assessment , Frail Elderly
6.
Enferm Clin (Engl Ed) ; 33(4): 269-277, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37086848

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To describe the levels of anxiety in the face of death in professionals from hospital emergency services in Aragon. To analyse its association with sociodemographic, perception and work-related variables. METHODOLOGY: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. The population and context of the study were health professionals in the hospital emergency services of Aragon. A non-probabilistic sampling selection was applied (n = 230 participants). The "Collet-Lester-Fear-of-Death-Scale" instrument was introduced to measure anxiety about death. The data was collected with a self-applied telematic questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed to analyse the association between the study variables. RESULTS: Mean values obtained for anxiety in the face of death were 94.58 ±â€¯21.66 with a CI of 95%: (91.76-97.39) (range of scale: 28-140 points). A significant association was identified with the professional category variables (physicians, medical residents, nurses, and auxiliary nurses) (p: 0,006), gender (p: 0.001), level of training in emotional self-management (p: 0.03), self-perceived level of mental health (p: 0.07) and perception of lack of support from palliative care/mental health professionals (p: 0.006). This association was not obtained with the variables age (Sig: 0.558), total professional experience (p: 0.762) and in emergencies (p: 0.191). CONCLUSION: The levels of anxiety in the face of death in the emergency hospital services are lower than those presented in other hospital units. Variables such as professional category, degree of training in emotional self-management and self-perceived level of mental health are related to levels of anxiety in the face of death and their study requires further work.


Subject(s)
Anxiety , Emergency Service, Hospital , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Fear
7.
Psicooncología (Pozuelo de Alarcón) ; 20(1): 87-102, 11 abr. 2023. graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-219020

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Fortalecer la capacidad de las personas para afrontar y acompañar las situaciones de duelo desde el modelo de Comunidades Compasivas a través de una perspectiva comunitaria. Metodología: Diseño de dos ejes de intervención: sensibilización y formación a la población y profesionales, y desarrollo de espacios grupales dirigidos a prevenir el duelo complicado. Resultado: Se ha realizado un diagnóstico de la ciudad de Madrid. Se han realizado 60 formaciones dirigidas al personal de Madrid Salud y 32 a profesionales entidades del entorno comunitario. Se han realizado 327 sensibilizaciones en torno al final de la vida y el duelo (5.873 personas). Se ha establecido contacto con 283 recursos públicos y 158 recursos privados a lo largo del año. Por último, se han llevado a cabo un total de 15 Espacios Grupales de Acompañamiento al Duelo. Conclusiones: El modelo de comunidades compasivas de la ciudad de Madrid ha conseguido fortalecer las capacidades de la ciudadanía de Madrid para el cuidado colectivo a través de las diferentes actividades de sensibilización e impactar en el fortalecimiento profesional y sensibilidad de los profesionales de la salud en relación con los conceptos clave del proyecto, generando así una comunidad compasiva (AU)


Objective:The main objective of the Compassionate Communities project in the city of Madrid is to strengthen people’s ability to face and accompany grief situations through a community perspective. Methodology: Design of two intervention axes: sensitization and training of the population and professionals, and development of group spaces aimed at preventing complicated grief. Result: A diagnosis of the city of Madrid has been carried out. Sixty trainings have been carried out for Madrid Salud staff and 32 for professionals and community organizations. There have been 327 sensitizations about the end of life and bereavement (5,873 people). Contact was established with 283 public resources and 158 private resources throughout the year. Finally, a total of 15 Group Spaces for Grieving Support have been carried out. Conclusions: The compassionate communities model of the city of Madrid has managed to strengthen the capacities of the citizens of Madrid for collective care through the different awareness-raising activities and to impact on the professional strengthening and sensitivity of health professionals in relation to the key concepts of the project, thus generating a compassionate community (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Program Evaluation , Grief , Community Participation , Staff Development , Spain
8.
Med. paliat ; 30(1): 18-24, ene.-mar. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-222117

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes y objetivo: El interés por la atención paliativa en pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas está aumentando. Nuestro objetivo es describir las características de pacientes oncológicos valorados por un equipo de soporte paliativo en un hospital terciario y analizar las diferencias entre pacientes hematológicos y con tumores sólidos. Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo longitudinal retrospectivo con una cohorte de pacientes hospitalizados con enfermedad oncológica (hematológica o tumor sólido) valorados por equipo de soporte paliativo hospitalario. Comparamos variables clínicas, asistenciales y de supervivencia. El análisis de datos se realizó con la versión 15 del programa SPSS. Resultados: De enero de 2015 a diciembre de 2018 se valoraron 1025 pacientes oncológicos (10,8 % hematológicos, 89,2 % sólidos). No se encontraron diferencias en situación funcional medida por la Palliative Performance Scale, presentación de síntoma principal, porcentaje de pacientes con dolor, tiempo de seguimiento ni en porcentaje de fallecidos en el ingreso en que fueron valorados. El paciente hematológico, comparado con el oncológico, tiene menos tratamiento opioide pautado (43 vs. 53 %; p = 0,035), es seguido con más frecuencia por recurso paliativo hospitalario que domiciliario (46,55 vs. 29,44 % el primero; 15,5 vs. 33,06 % el segundo; p = 0,001 en distribución) y fallece más en hospital (82,9 vs. 65,5 %; p = 0,024). Conclusiones: Los pacientes con neoplasia hematológica presentan una carga sintomática similar a los pacientes con tumor sólido. Es importante identificar mejor sus necesidades para que puedan beneficiarse, como se ha demostrado con los pacientes oncológicos, de la atención integrada junto a los servicios de hematología con modelos de intervención acordes a sus necesidades y las trayectorias específicas de las enfermedades hematológicas. (AU)


Background and objective: Interest in palliative care for patients with hematologic malignancies is increasing. Our goal is to describe the features of cancer patients evaluated by a supportive and palliative care service in a tertiary referral hospital, and to analyze the differences between patients with hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Method: A retrospective longitudinal descriptive observational study was carried out in a cohort of hospitalized patients with oncological diseases (hematological or solid tumor) evaluated by a palliative care service. We compared clinical, healthcare and survival variables between both groups. The analysis was performed using the SPSS v.15 package. Results: From January 2015 to December 2018, 1025 cancer patients were evaluated (10.8 % hematological tumor, 89.2 % solid tumors). No differences were found in functional status as measured by the Palliative Performance Scale, presentation of main symptom, percentage of patients with pain, time of follow-up, or percentage of deaths on admission to the evaluation. The hematological patient, compared to the oncological one, has less prescribed opioid treatment (43 % vs 53 %, p = 0.035), received greater hospital palliative care rather than home-based care (46.55 % vs 29.44 % the former and 15.5 % vs 33.06 % the latter, p = 0.001), and dies more frequently in a hospital (82.9 % vs. 65.5 %, p = 0.024). Conclusions: Patients with hematological malignancies present a symptomatic burden similar to that of those with solid tumors. It is important to better identify their needs so that they can benefit, as has been demonstrated with cancer patients, from integrated care together with hematology services using intervention models according to their needs and specific disease trajectories. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Palliative Care , Hematologic Neoplasms , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Longitudinal Studies , Retrospective Studies , Hospice Care
10.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 96(5): 394-401, mayo 2022. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-206050

ABSTRACT

Introducción:Cada año fallecen en España alrededor de 2000 niños y adolescentes; sin embargo, conocemos poco las particularidades que envuelven a la muerte en pediatría. El objetivo de este estudio es documentar las características de los pacientes que fallecen a cargo de los equipos de cuidados paliativos pediátricos en España. Pacientes y métodos:Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y multicéntrico. Participaron 14 equipos de todo el territorio nacional.Resultados:Se obtuvieron datos de 164 pacientes. En la mayoría la enfermedad de base eran procesos oncológicos, neurológicos y neuromusculares. La mediana de edad al fallecimiento fue de 6,9 años (RIC: 11,2). La mediana de tiempo de seguimiento por el equipo fue de 0,3 años (RIC: 0,8 años). Los síntomas más frecuentes en la última semana de vida fueron disnea, dolor, aumento de secreciones y trastornos del sueño. El número de fármacos que se administraban a cada paciente una semana previa al fallecimiento tuvo una mediana de 6 (RIC: 4). El lugar de fallecimiento de 95 de los pacientes (57,9%) fue el hospital y de 67 (40,9%) fue su domicilio.Conclusiones:Los pacientes presentaban un amplio rango de edad y una exposición sustancial a la polifarmacia. El tiempo de seguimiento nos muestra el acceso tardío a los programas de cuidados paliativos, deberíamos hacer un esfuerzo para la introducción temprana de estos cuidados y que no quede relegada al final de vida. En España existe una distribución desigual de recursos, sin que todos los equipos tengan la posibilidad de atención domiciliaria, por lo que el lugar de fallecimiento debemos interpretarlo con cautela. (AU)


Introduction:Around 2000 children and adolescents die each year in Spain, however, we know little about the particularities of deaths in paediatrics. The purpose of this study is to document the characteristics of patients who die in the care of paediatric palliative care teams in Spain.Patients and methods:Retrospective, descriptive, multicentre study. Fourteen teams from all over the country participated.Results:Data were obtained from 164 patients. In most cases the underlying disease stemmed from oncological, neurological or neuromuscular processes. The median age at death was 6.9 years (RIC 11.2). The median follow-up time by the team was 0.3 years (RIC 0.8 years). The most frequent symptoms in the last week of life were dyspnoea, pain, increased secretions and sleep disorders. The median number of drugs administered to each patient one week prior to death was 6 (RIC 4). The place of death for 95 of the patients (57.9%) was hospital while 67 (40.9%) died at home.Conclusions:There was a wide age range of patients and they had substantial exposure to polypharmacy. The follow-up time shows that patients have late access to palliative care programmes. An effort should be made to introduce this care earlier rather than relegating it to the end of life. In Spain there is an unequal distribution of resources and not all teams can provide care at home. The place of death should be interpreted with caution. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Pediatrics/trends , Child Health Services , Palliative Care , Catastrophic Illness , Polypharmacy , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Retrospective Studies , Spain
11.
Article in Spanish, English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1398598

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La etapa final de pacientes oncológicos genera elevados costos, sobretodo en hospitales. Objetivos: Determinar la diferencia de costos de atención al final de la vida de pacientes oncológicos en el hospital versus el domicilio. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de análisis de costos en pacientes fallecidos por cáncer en estadio clínico IV de un hospital terciario de la seguridad social, marzo 2018. Se comparó un grupo domiciliario (GD) de un programa paliativo con un grupo hospitalario (GH) admitido por emergencia. Se estimaron costos directos de servicios profesionales, hospitalización, procedimientos, exámenes auxiliares y medicamentos. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó Chi cuadrado y T de Student, considerando un valor p<0,05 y utilizando SPSS 24.0. Resultados: Se incluyeron 81 pacientes en GD y 22 en GH, edad entre 36 y 96 años, con una mediana de 72 años en GD y 77 en GH (p=0,97), sexo femenino 59 y 73% respectivamente (p=0,25), predominando cáncer de origen digestivo y genitourinario. El costo promedio por paciente en GD fue 497 dólares americanos y en el GH 1908 (p<0,01), con un promedio diario por pacientes de 17 vs 447 respectivamente. En el GH predominaron los costos de hospitalización, exámenes auxiliares (tomografía, resonancia, análisis de gases arteriales, proteína C reactiva) y antibióticos (ertapenem y colistina), mientras que en GD el mayor costo fue en servicio médicos y medicamentos. Conclusión: Los costos médicos en la etapa final de vida de pacientes con cáncer avanzado son 3,8 veces mayor cuando fallece en el hospital que en el domicilio.


Background: The final stage of cancer patients generates high costs, especially in hospitals. To determine the difference in care costs Objectives:at the end of life for cancer patients in the hospital versus at home. Material and methods: Retrospective cost analysis study in patients who died of clinical stage IV cancer in a tertiary social security hospital, March 2018. Ahome group (Home) of a palliative program was compared with a hospital group (Hospital) admitted from the emergency department. Direct costs of professionalservices,hospitalization,procedures,auxiliaryexams,and medications were estimated. Chi square and Student's Twere used for statistical analysis, considering a value of p<0.05 and using SPSS 24.0. Results: 81 patients in Home and 22 in Hospital were included, aged between 36 and 96 years, with a median of 72 years in Home and 77 in Hospital (p=0.97), female sex 59 and 73% respectively (p= 0.25), predominantly cancer of digestive and genitourinary origin. The average cost per patient in Home was 497 US dollars and in Hospital 1908 (p<0.01), with a daily average per patient of 17 vs 447 respectively. In the Hospital, the costs of hospitalization, auxiliary tests (tomography, resonance, arterial gas analysis, C-reactive protein) and antibiotics (ertapenem and colistin) predominated, while in the Home the highest cost was in medical services and medications. Conclusion: The medical costs in the final stage of life of patients with advanced cancer are 3.8 times higher when they die in the hospital than at home.

12.
Salud ment ; 45(2): 89-93, Mar.-Apr. 2022.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1377303

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Suicide represents a major public health problem worldwide, and cancer patients might have vulnerability factors which increase suicide risk. There are multiple factors associated with this tragic outcome, including those stemming from the disease itself, mental illness and social, personal and spiritual factors. Although previous reports have identified a suicide rate which ranges from .03-7% among cancer patients undergoing palliative care, this has not been studied in Mexico. Objective This study sought to report the cases of suicide in patients with cancer undergoing palliative care at a large cancer reference center. Method A retrospective review of records was performed between 2018-2019 for patients treated at the Palliative Care Service of the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología in Mexico City. Records for patients who committed suicide were reviewed to describe factors associated with this outcome. Results Among all deaths identified during the record review, two were due to suicide (.09%). The patients were one female and one male, 60 and 42 years of age, diagnosed with breast cancer and gastroesophageal junction cancer, respectively, associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption, as well as several economic, social, and familial stress factors. One of the patients was identified as likely having major depressive disorder. Discussion and conclusion Deaths might be underreported in our population. A systematic evaluation is required in order to establish and detect suicidal behavior risk factors, and a follow-up plan for all these patients.


Resumen Introducción El suicidio representa un problema de salud pública en todo el mundo. Los pacientes con cáncer pueden tener factores de vulnerabilidad para presentar conducta suicida. Hay múltiples factores asociados con este fenómeno, incluidos los derivados de la enfermedad en sí, enfermedades mentales y factores sociales, personales y espirituales. Aunque hay reportes previos que describen una tasa de suicidio que va del .03 al 7% entre los pacientes con cáncer que reciben cuidados paliativos, esto no se ha estudiado en México. Objetivo Reportar los casos de suicidio en pacientes oncológicos que reciben cuidados paliativos en un centro oncológico de referencia. Método Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo, donde se revisaron los expedientes de los pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Cuidados Paliativos del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología entre 2018-2019. Se revisaron los expedientes de los pacientes que se suicidaron para describir los factores de riesgo que presentaban. Resultados Entre todas las muertes identificadas durante la revisión de expedientes, dos se debieron a suicidio (.09%). Los pacientes fueron una mujer y un hombre, de 60 y 42 años, diagnosticados de cáncer de mama y de una unión gastroesofágica, respectivamente. Los factores asociados fueron el consumo de tabaco y alcohol, así como varios factores de estrés económico, social y familiar. Se identificó, asimismo, que uno de los pacientes padecía trastorno depresivo mayor. Discusión y conclusión Es posible que los suicidios estén infrarreportados en nuestra población. Se requiere una evaluación sistemática para establecer y detectar factores de riesgo de conducta suicida, y un plan de seguimiento para todos estos pacientes.

14.
Psicooncología (Pozuelo de Alarcón) ; 19(1): 139-151, 28 mar. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-203943

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Comprobar los deseos de información, y las variables asociadas a ello, en los pacientes con cáncer avanzado atendidos por un Equipo de Soporte Hospitalario de Cuidados Paliativos. Método: Noventa pacientes con cáncer avanzado, fueron evaluados, mediante una entrevista estructurada sobre si tenían información sobre su enfermedad de los siguientes tipos: diagnóstico, curación, gravedad, objetivos del tratamiento y final de vida, y de su deseo de tener información en cada uno de esto cinco tipos de información. Además, se recogieron los datos sociodemográficos y clínicos, y se administraron: la Escala de Capacidad Funcional, el Índice de Comorbilidad de Charlson, y la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria. Resultados. Los resultados muestraron que la mayoría de los pacientes estaban informados del diagnóstico, y de la gravedad, pero no de los objetivos de tratamiento, la curación y el final de vida. De los pacientes no informados el 77,8% (14) deseaban conocer el diagnostico, el 60,0% (11) la gravedad, el 77,8% (35) el objetivo del tratamiento, el 76,7% (24) la curación y un 34,4% (10) el final de vida. Las variables asociadas al deseo de: a) información diagnóstica fueron: tener un cuidador principal más joven (p=,023); con pareja (p=,018), no religiosos (p=,025) y mayor número de visitas a urgencias (p=,004); b) información sobre gravedad fueron: ser joven (p=,009); con pareja (p=,04), y mejor estado ánimo (p=,009); c). Información sobre objetivos del tratamiento: ser joven (p=,001), Con pareja (p=,04), mejor estado ánimo (p=,001). d) información sobre curación: ser hombre (p=,018), con pareja (p=,04), no religiosos (p=,023). En el caso de información sobre el tiempo de vida no se encontró ninguna diferencia significativa


Objective: to study the desire for information in patients with avanzado cancer, and the variables associated with it. Method: Ninety patients with avanzado cancer were evaluated through a structured interview about the information of their disease of the following types: Diagnosis, cure, severity, goal of treatment and time for the end of life, and their desire to have information about each of these five types of information. In addition, sociodemographic and clinical data were collected and administered: the Functional Capacity Scale, the Charlson Comorbidity Index and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results. The results showed that most patients are informed about the diagnosis and its severity, but scarcely about the goals of treatment, cure and end-of-life. Of the uninformed patients, 77.8% (14) wanted to know the diagnosis, 60.0% (11) the severity, 77.8% (35) the treatment goal, 76.7% (24 ) healing and 34.4% (10) end-of-life. The variables associated with the desire for: a) diagnostic information were: having a younger primary caregiver (p=.023); with a partner (p=.018), non-religious (p=.025) and a greater number of visits to the emergency room (p=.004); b) severity information were: being young (p=.009); with a partner (p=.04), and low depression (p=.009); C). Information about the goals of treatment: being young (p=.001), being in a relationship (p=.04), and low depression (p=.001). d) information about healing: being a man (p=.018), with a partner (p=.04), not religious (p=.023). In the case of lifetime information, no significant difference was found. Conclusions: it is necessary to evaluate the information and desires that patients have about the different types of information, so the creation of a standardized tool in future research is a priority


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Patient Preference , Patient Acuity , Neoplasms , Critical Illness , Severity of Illness Index
15.
Emergencias ; 34(1): 47-54, 2022 02.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35103443

ABSTRACT

TEXT: Emergency services' main purpose is to save lives, but that worthy mission cannot always be accomplished. When caring for patients toward the end of life, we have an ethical obligation to talk with them and their relatives to obtain consensus on treatment and possibly limit it or adjust management in accordance with the patient's condition. Emergency department protocols are necessary for optimizing care to provide the greatest possible comfort and control of symptoms in patients at the end of life to prevent unnecessary suffering and preserve dignity. This article sets out recommendations - including the principles and ethical standards that underlie them - so that emergency services can develop end-of-life care protocols for use in their own settings.


TEXTO: Los servicios de uUrgencias (SU) tienen como objetivo primordial salvar vidas, pero no debemos olvidar que esta misión encomiable no siempre es posible y, cuando se atienden pacientes en la última fase de la vida, existe la obligación ética de dialogar con ellos y sus familiares para conseguir un consenso y limitar o adecuar el manejo clínico de acuerdo a su situación vital. Con este objetivo, los SU deben tener protocolos de cuidados dirigidos a optimizar el confort y control de síntomas de los pacientes en la fase final de la vida, con el fin de evitar sufrimientos innecesarios y preservar su dignidad personal. El presente artículo expone las recomendaciones (con principios y normas específicas) que deben guiar la elaboración de protocolos de atención al final de la vida en urgencias, con el fin de que cada SU pueda elaborar sus propios protocolos.


Subject(s)
Emergency Medical Services , Terminal Care , Consensus , Death , Emergency Service, Hospital , Humans
16.
Emergencias (Sant Vicenç dels Horts) ; 34(1): 47-54, feb. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-203341

ABSTRACT

Los servicios de Urgencias (SU) tienen como objetivo primordial salvar vidas, pero no debemos olvidar que esta misión encomiable no siempre es posible y, cuando se atienden pacientes en la última fase de la vida, existe la obligación ética de dialogar con ellos y sus familiares para conseguir un consenso y limitar o adecuar el manejo clínico de acuerdo a su situación vital. Con este objetivo, los SU deben tener protocolos de cuidados dirigidos a optimizar el confort y control de síntomas de los pacientes en la fase final de la vida, con el fin de evitar sufrimientos innecesarios y preservar su dignidad personal. El presente artículo expone las recomendaciones (con principios y normas específicas) que deben guiar la elaboración de protocolos de atención al final de la vida en urgencias, con el fin de que cada SU pueda elaborar sus propios protocolos.


Emergency services’ main purpose is to save lives, but that worthy mission cannot always be accomplished. When caring for patients toward the end of life, we have an ethical obligation to talk with them and their relatives to obtain consensus on treatment and possibly limit it or adjust management in accordance with the patient’s condition. Emergency department protocols are necessary for optimizing care to provide the greatest possible comfort and control of symptoms in patients at the end of life to prevent unnecessary suffering and preserve dignity. This article sets out recommendations — including the principles and ethical standards that underlie them — so that emergency services can develop end-of-life care protocols for use in their own settings.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Sciences , Emergency Medical Services/ethics , Terminal Care , Consensus , Death , 35170
17.
Med. paliat ; 29(2): 80-87, 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-210249

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes y objetivo: Pocos estudios describen el final de la vida de los pacientes con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA). Nuestro objetivo principal fue describir la trayectoria final de vidade pacientes con ELA seguidos por un equipo de soporte cuidados paliativos domiciliario (equipode soporte de atención paliativa domiciliaria [ESAPD]). El objetivo secundario fue examinar losfactores asociados con el lugar de muerte y supervivencia.Ámbito y diseño: Estudio observacional retrospectivo en una cohorte de pacientes diagnosticadoscon ELA y seguido por un ESAPD. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, la supervivenciadesde el inicio de la ventilación, supervivencia desde el inicio de la gastrostomía, consumode recursos sanitarios, uso de opioides, planificación anticipada de decisiones (PAD), lugar demuerte y causa de muerte.Resultados: Se incluyeron 60 pacientes. Los principales síntomas fueron disnea y disfagia. LaPAD fue trabajada en el 83 % de los pacientes. Cincuenta y dos (83 %) pacientes murieron endomicilio o en una unidad de cuidados paliativos. Se requirieron opioides durante las últimas24 h en el 47 % de los pacientes. La causa de muerte fue por insuficiencia respiratoria, infección respiratoria, muerte durante el sueño y rechazo del tratamiento para el 47, 16, 15 y 15 %respectivamente. El 25 % requirieron sedación paliativa. La supervivencia media desde el iniciode la alimentación enteral, la ventilación mecánica no invasiva y la ventilación invasiva fue de 7, 13 y 12 meses, respectivamente. El número promedio de visitas del ESADP fue de 14 (DE:12). Haber recibido información y no haber sido ingresado en el hospital durante el periodode estudio se asoció con un aumento significativo de la probabilidad de morir en el domicilio.Conclusiones: La causa de muerte más frecuente fue la insuficiencia respiratoria, que en la mayoría de los casos requirió tratamiento con opioides. Uno de cada 4 pacientes requirió sedación paliativa. (AU)


Background and objectives: Few studies have reported end of life for patients with amyotrophiclateral sclerosis (ALS). Our main objective was to describe the end-of-life trajectory of patientsmonitored by a palliative home care team (PHTC). The secondary objective was to examinefactors associated with place of death and survival.Setting and design: A retrospective, observational study in a cohort of patients diagnosed withALS followed by a PHCT. Sociodemographic variables, survival from start of ventilation andgastrostomy, use of health resources, opioid use, care planning, place of death, and cause ofdeath were analyzed.Results: Sixty patients were included. Main symptoms included dyspnea and dysphagia. Advancecare planning was possible for 83 %. Fifty-two (83 %) died at home or in a palliative care unit.The cause of death was respiratory failure, respiratory infection, death during sleep, and refusalof treatment for 47 %, 16 %, 15 % and 15 %, respectively. Opioids were required in 47 %, and 25 %needed palliative sedation. Average survival from start of enteral feeding, noninvasive mechanical ventilation, and invasive ventilation was 7, 13 and 12 months, respectively. Average of visitswas 14 (SD 12). Having received informal support and not having been admitted to hospitalduring the study period were associated with a significantly increased rate of dying at home.Conclusions: The most frequent cause of death was respiratory failure, most cases requiredopioids, and one out of every four needed palliative sedation. Most died at home. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Palliative Care , Hospice Care , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis , Home Nursing , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Spain
18.
Med. paliat ; 29(1): 34-40, 2022. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-206759

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La ecografía pulmonar aún no se ha utilizado para conocer el estado del pulmón, y su evolución, en una enfermedad terminal. El objetivo de este trabajo es entender cómo se comporta el pulmón en final de vida usando la “ecografía en el punto de atención” en el domicilio y demostrar los beneficios que para el enfermo, entorno y medicina paliativa tendrá este procedimiento. El ecógrafo empleado es digital y lo conforma la propia sonda con un peso de 313 g y unas medi- das de 185 × 56 × 35 mm, al que se acopla un dispositivo con una pantalla de dimensión variable, fácil de portar. Se realizó una exploración sistemática, en modo bidimensional, de 4 puntos en cada hemitórax y 3 vistas cardiacas. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio observacional de 7 pacientes derivados, entre mayo y julio de 2020, al equipo de cuidados paliativos y que fallecieron en su domicilio en las 72 h posteriores a la eco- grafía: 2 sufrían cáncer, uno enfermedad de Parkinson y 4 no presentaban causa clara de muerte. Resultados: La pleura estaba alterada en los pacientes con cáncer en los que se objetivaba un derrame pleural en diferente cuantía y también pericárdico en uno de ellos, con una edematiza- ción variable del parénquima pulmonar; en 3 de ellos se objetivó, además, una función ventricu- lar reducida. El enfermo de Parkinson tenía un pulmón aireado pero sin capacidad inspiratoria. Discusión: La ecografía pulmonar ofrece información relevante para los profesionales al mejorar la capacidad diagnóstica en final de vida y las causas de muerte, identifica derrames pleurales y pericárdicos, y posibilitará optimizar decisiones terapéuticas. (AU)


Introduction: Pulmonary ultrasound has not yet been used to determine the state of the lung and its evolution in the course of terminal illness. The objective of this work is to assess how the lung behaves in people at the end of life using “point of care ultrasound” at home, and to detect the benefits that this procedure will have for the patient, the family, and the future of palliative medicine. The ultrasound machine used is a digital one comprised of the probe itself, weighing 313 g and measuring 185 × 56 × 35 mm, attached to a device with a variable-size screen that is easy to carry. A systematic examination in 2-dimensional mode of four points was made in each hemi- thorax, including three cardiac views. Patients and methods: Observational study sample of seven patients referred between May and July 2020 to our home palliative care team, and who died within 72 hours after undergoing lung ultrasound: 2 with cancer, another one with Parkinson’s disease, and 4 without a clear cause of death. Results: The pleural line was altered in all cancer patients, who also had pleural effusion, while another one had pericardial effusion with variable edema of the lung parenchyma; 3 of them had reduced ventricular function. The Parkinson’s disease patient had a normal aerated lung but significant respiratory dysfunction. Discussion: Lung ultrasound offers relevant information for professionals by improving diagnostic capacity at the end of life, and on causes of death; it identifies pleural and pericardial effusions, and will make it possible to optimize therapeutic decision-making. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Hospice Care , Ultrasonography , House Calls , Palliative Care , Pleural Effusion , Neoplasms , Parkinson Disease
19.
Med. paliat ; 28(3): 157-165, jul.-sep. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-225436

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La prevalencia de la insuficiencia cardiaca se encuentra en aumento, manifestándose en la fase avanzada (ICA) con síntomas invalidantes. Las exacerbaciones, las internaciones frecuentes y la elevada morbimortalidad son condiciones para ser asistidas por cuidados paliativos. Se diseñó un programa de cuidados paliativos cardiológicos (CPC) para monitorear síntomas, profundizar la comunicación, determinar directivas anticipadas y adecuar el esfuerzo terapéutico. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la asistencia de pacientes fallecidos por ICA, antes y después de un programa de CPC. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional y comparativo. Se ofreció CPC a pacientes con ICA y se comparó con grupo control que no ingresó al programa por falta de disponibilidad (preCPC). En el análisis estadístico se evaluaron las variables categóricas mediante pruebas no paramétricas y las continuas comparadas mediante la prueba de U de Mann-Whithey. Resultados: Ingresaron 77 pacientes en preCPC y 65 al programa CPC. Tenían características poblacionales similares: edad (mediana) 75 años, género masculino: 70 %. Se registró una disminución de la duración (27,3 vs. 7,2 días; p < 0,001) y del número de internaciones (2,64 vs. 1,51; p < 0,001) a favor del grupo CPC. Las intervenciones invasivas los últimos 5 días de vida predominan en preCPC: asistencia ventilatoria mecánica (52,7 vs. 7,8 %; p < 0,001), hemodiálisis (41 vs. 5,5 %; p < 0,001), reanimación cardiopulmonar (88,2 vs. 11 %; p < 0,001), acceso vascular central (75,7 vs. 26,5 %, p < 0,01) y uso de inotrópicos (70,5 vs. 20 %; p < 0,001). Las intervenciones no invasivas o de confort predominaron en CPC: sedación paliativa (3 vs. 25 %), uso de opioides (35 vs. 58,3 %), desconexión de cardiodesfibrilador (0 vs. 37,5 %) y directrices de no reanimación cardiopulmonar (3 vs. 77 %; p < 0,001). La mortalidad en sectores de cuidados críticos predomina en preCPC (51 vs. 26 %; p < 0,005). (AU)


Introduction: The prevalence of heart failure is on the rise. In its advanced stage (AHF) the condition manifests with incapacitating symptoms. Exacerbations, frequent admissions, and high morbidity and mortality represent conditions amenable to palliative care. A cardiology palliative care (CPC) program was designed to monitor symptoms, deepen communication, establish advanced directives, and adjust therapeutic efforts. The goal of the study was to compare the care of patients who died from AHF before and after CPC program implementation. Material and methods: This was an observational, comparative study. CPC was offered to patients with AHF, and these subjects were compared to a control group without CPC because of unavailability (preCPC). In the statistical analysis categorical variables were evaluated using non-parametric tests. Continuous variables were compared using the Mann-Whithey U-test. Results: Seventy-seven patients were included in the preCPC group, and 65 in the CPC group. They all had similar demographic characteristics: age (median), 75 years; male gender, 70 %. A decrease in duration (27.3 vs. 7.2; p < 0.001) and in number of hospital admissions (2.64 vs. 1.51; p < 0.001) was found in the CPC group as compared to the control group. Invasive procedures within the final 5 days of life predominated in the preCPC group; assisted mechanical ventilation (52.7 % vs. 7.8 %; p < 0.001), hemodialysis (41 % vs. 5.5 %; p < 0.001), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (88.2 % vs. 11 %; p < 0.001), central vascular access (75.7 % vs. 26.5 %, p < 0.01), and use of inotropics (70.5 % vs. 20 %; p < 0.001). Non-invasive, comfort interventions predominated in the CPC group: palliative sedation (3 % vs. 25 %), opioid use (35 % vs. 58.3 %), deactivation of implantable cardiac defibrillator (0 vs. 37,5 %), and do-not-resuscitate orders (3 % vs. 77 %; p < 0.001). Mortality in critical care settings predominated in the preCPC group (51 % vs. 26 %; p < 0.005). (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Heart Failure/epidemiology , Heart Failure/mortality , Palliative Care , Hospice Care , Decision Making
20.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 2021 Jul 21.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34303629

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Around 2000 children and adolescents die each year in Spain, however, we know little about the particularities of deaths in paediatrics. The purpose of this study is to document the characteristics of patients who die in the care of paediatric palliative care teams in Spain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective, descriptive, multicentre study. Fourteen teams from all over the country participated. RESULTS: Data were obtained from 164 patients. In most cases the underlying disease stemmed from oncological, neurological or neuromuscular processes. The median age at death was 6.9 years (RIC 11.2). The median follow-up time by the team was 0.3 years (RIC 0.8 years). The most frequent symptoms in the last week of life were dyspnoea, pain, increased secretions and sleep disorders. The median number of drugs administered to each patient one week prior to death was 6 (RIC 4). The place of death for 95 of the patients (57.9%) was hospital while 67 (40.9%) died at home. CONCLUSIONS: There was a wide age range of patients and they had substantial exposure to polypharmacy. The follow-up time shows that patients have late access to palliative care programmes. An effort should be made to introduce this care earlier rather than relegating it to the end of life. In Spain there is an unequal distribution of resources and not all teams can provide care at home. The place of death should be interpreted with caution.

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