ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Learning styles are biological and developmental configurations of personal characteristics that make the same teaching method effective for some and ineffective for others. Studies support a relationship between learning style and career choices in medicine, resulting in learning style patterns being observed in different residency programs, including in general surgery, from medical school to the last stages of training. The methodologies, populations, and contexts of the few studies pertinent to the matter are very different from one another, and a scoping review on this theme will enhance and organize what is already known. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to identify and map out data from studies on the learning styles of medical students, surgical residents, medical staff, and surgical teachers. METHODS: The review will consider studies on the learning styles of medical students in a clinical cycle or internship, surgical residents with no restriction on year of residency, medical staff in general surgery, or general surgery's medical faculty. Primary studies published in English, with no specific time frame, will be considered. The search will be carried out in four databases, and reference lists will be searched for additional studies. Duplicates will be removed, and two independent reviewers will screen the titles, abstracts, and full texts of the selected studies. Data collection will be performed using a tool developed by the researchers. A results summary will be presented with figures, narratives, and tables. A quantitative and qualitative analysis will be carried out and further results will be shared. RESULTS: The search was funded on September 25, 2023. Data collection was performed in the two following months. Of the 213 articles found, 135 were excluded due to duplication. The remaining 78 articles will have their titles and abstracts analyzed by three of the researchers independently to select those that meet the eligibility criteria. This data is expected to be published in the first semester of 2025. CONCLUSIONS: Conducting a scoping review is the best way to map what is known about a subject. Understanding how students, residents, staff, and even teachers prefer to learn surgery is key to staying up to date and knowing how to best educate those pursuing a surgical career. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework 75ku4; https://osf.io/75ku4. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/57229.
Subject(s)
General Surgery , Internship and Residency , Learning , Students, Medical , Humans , Faculty, Medical/psychology , General Surgery/education , Medical Staff/psychology , Medical Staff/education , Students, Medical/psychology , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Review Literature as TopicABSTRACT
With the rising demand for short-term experiences in global health (STEGH) is an ever-increasing volume of literature that focuses attention on ethics and ethical concerns, such as the effects of STEGH on host populations. Such concerns have driven the development of ethical principles and guidelines, with discussions and debates largely centred around normative questions of positive/negative and benefit/harm for us/them. Using a critical medical humanities lens, this paper blurs these dichotomous framings and offers a more complex understanding of the effects and effectiveness of STEGH on hosts. I explore STEGH that send volunteers from North American universities to the Dominican Republic to participate in service-learning activities aimed at improving the lives of impoverished Haitian migrants living in bateyes I address the following questions: What perspectives about the impacts of interventions on host communities manifest through STEGH? What tensions emerge through interactions among diverse stakeholders related to those perspectives, and with what effects? Drawing together critical theory and ethnography, I examined the perspectives of three stakeholder groups: student and faculty volunteers, host organisation staff, and hosts in batey communities. Data collected from observations and interviews were counterposed; I analysed interactions and interplay between stakeholders. My findings revealed conflicts around an emergent theme: counting efforts, or volunteers' proclivity for numerical evidence of impactful STEGH for hosts. With attention on power relations, I argue that a preoccupation with quantifiable evidence eclipsed and erased the lived realities of hosts, thereby blocking a fully ethical engagement. These sociopolitical effects, often overlooked in conventional ethics assessments, are no less harmful and may reinforce rather than reduce inequalities that the global health movement seeks to eliminate. My study offers a compelling case for how the critical medical humanities lend critical insights in the name of improving global health.
Subject(s)
Global Health , Volunteers , Dominican Republic , Haiti , Humans , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Latin American clinical simulation has had an important development; there are no studies that characterize simulation centers and programs in the entire region. The aims of this work are to characterize the current state of simulation-based education in the health sciences, to determine the structure of Latin American simulation centers in terms of teaching, research, and continuing medical education (CME), as well as to determine the perception of quality based on international standards of simulation practices for the directors of Latin American centers. METHODS: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a demographic questionnaire and a Likert-type survey was conducted to the directors of the simulation centers found in Latin America. RESULTS: Four hundred eight simulation centers were documented, the survey was answered by 240 directors, and the data from 149 were complete responses on the 42 quality self-perception scale and considered valid on further analyses related to the quality of the programs. Most of the centers that responded correspond to Chile, Brazil, and Mexico (37.5%, 18.1%, 12.7%). 84% of the centers are university-based, and 71% of the centers are medium-sized, with less than 10 instructors (54%). The directors are mostly women (61.7%), medical doctors (50%), and nurses (40%), with clinical specialization (37%), master's degree (53%), and doctorate (13%). 75% have completed a simulation instructor course, and 6% have developed a fellowship. Most consider the maintenance of international quality standards to be relevant in their centers, mainly in reflective training techniques, ethical aspects, and adequate learning environments. CONCLUSIONS: Simulation-based education in health sciences has had an increasing development in Latin America, within a university environment, in an important academic specialization process that seeks to adhere to high-quality standards to improve training and development of clinical skills, human factors, and critical thinking. We recommend starting accreditation processes in Latin America and studies that measure the quality of simulation-based education in our region, based on objective observations more than in self-reporting.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Descrever a tipologia do cuidado realizado pelo familiar à criança com doença falciforme segundo Colliére. Método: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo, desenvolvido com familiares de crianças com doença falciforme, em um hospital geral de Vitória por meio da entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram interpretados à luz do Referencial Teórico de Collière e submetidos à Análise Temática. Resultados: a família se deparada com profissionais despreparados no momento da descoberta da doença. Quanto aos cuidados, houve predomínio dos cuidados de manutenção relacionados ao momento do diagnostico, brincadeiras, medicação diária, hidratação corporal, alimentação, eliminação e roupas. Já os reparadores ficaram restritos a situações emergenciais. Conclusão: é necessário capacitar os profissionais que atendem as crianças com doença falciforme para melhor satisfação das suas necessidades e de sua família
Objective: This work aims to describe the type of care provided by relatives for children with sickle cell anemia according to Collière. Methods: It is descriptive study with a qualitative approach, which was carried out with relatives of children bearing sickle cell anemia in a general hospital in Vitória city, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, by using semi-structured interviews. Data were interpreted in light of the Collière's Theoretical Reference and submitted to Thematic Analysis. Results: Families had to deal with the health care professionals' lack of skill needed to convey the diagnostic. Also, there was a predominance of the maintenance care related to the time of diagnosis, playing, daily medication, body hydration, diet, elimination, and clothing. Nonetheless, repair care was restricted to emergency situations. Conclusion: It is necessary to train the professionals who care for children with sickle cell anemia to better meet their needs and those of their families
Objetivo: Describir la tipología del cuidado realizado por el familiar al niño con enfermedad falciforme según Colliére. Método: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, desarrollado con familiares de niños con enfermedad falciforme, en un hospital general de Vitória por medio de la entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos fueron interpretados a la luz del Referencial Teórico de Collière y sometidos al Análisis Temático. Resultados: la familia se deparó con profesionales despreparados en el momento del descubrimiento de la enfermedad. En cuanto a los cuidados, hubo predominio de los cuidados de mantenimiento relacionados al momento del diagnóstico, bromas, medicación diaria, hidratación corporal, alimentación, eliminación y ropa. Los reparadores quedaron restringidos a situaciones de emergencia. Conclusión: es necesario capacitar a los profesionales que atienden a los niños con enfermedad falciforme para mejor satisfacción de sus necesidades y de su familia
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Hospitalized , Caregivers/psychology , Allied Health Personnel/education , Anemia, Sickle Cell/prevention & control , Brazil , Family , Professional TrainingABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the influence of a serious game dedicated to primary health care with traditional learning methods on knowledge of undergraduate medical students. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with undergraduate medical students. The students (nâ¯=â¯27) attended to an expositive leveling lesson regard the theme "Screening on Primary Health Care", and answered to a baseline knowledge test, comprised by objective questions. Students were randomly allocated to the control and game groups, in which received a text-based material regarding "Screening on Primary Health Care" or were exposed to a serious game. An immediate knowledge test and a retention knowledge test, presenting the same questions of baseline test, were responded by students at the finish of exposure and four weeks later. The students also performed a survey evaluating the user experience on the serious game. Knowledge test scores were analysed by repeated measures ANOVA and paired sample t-test. User experience and expectation surveys were descriptively analyzed. RESULTS: For the control group, the mean scores and standard deviation were 7.85⯱â¯0.99, 9.00⯱â¯1.87 and 7.69⯱â¯1.44 for baseline, immediate and retention knowledge tests, respectively; the score at immediate test was higher than for baseline and retention tests. The game group presented 7.07⯱â¯1.98, 8.00⯱â¯1.84 and 7.15⯱â¯1.41 for baseline, immediate and retention knowledge tests, respectively. The comparison between groups did not show differences at any moment (pâ¯<â¯0.05). The majority of the participants consider that the serious game has understandable instructions, presented the contents clearly, and it favors the engagement on study. CONCLUSION: The serious game was effective to improve the students' knowledge on primary health care contents. Learning based on a serious game is as effective as learning based on printed text.
Subject(s)
Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards , Primary Health Care/standards , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Video Games/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Female , Humans , Learning , Male , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
A atividade de preceptoria dentro da formação médica tem sido globalmente estabelecida como modelo para o processo docente na área e existem diversas formas e experiências de organização. O Programa de Residência Médica (PRM) em Medicina de Família e Comunidade (MFC) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) apresenta um modelo de preceptoria incomum, composto por preceptores do programa de residência médica e por preceptores dos residentes (tutores), cada um com especificidades próprias e complementares. Objetivo: Nosso objetivo neste relato de experiência foi compartilhar as políticas institucionais e experiências de preceptoria em nosso programa de residência médica, bem como apontar as múltiplas adversidades existentes e possíveis formas de enfrentamento. Resultados: Atingir o nível de excelência no desenvolvimento das competências necessárias para a formação do especialista em MFC, em situações adversas de valorização da especialidade e do corpo docente, é uma tarefa árdua. Neste difícil desafio de conduzir o PRM e garantir o desenvolvimento das competências almejadas com qualidade, o papel do preceptor do programa de residência médica e do preceptor do residente (tutor) são fundamentais. Conclusão: Frente aos desafios apontados, observa-se grande desgaste dos tutores, que voluntariamente desempenham as atividades de ensino mesmo atuando em sobrecarga assistencial. A falta de reconhecimento, escasso apoio institucional e da gestão administrativa são fatores que oferecem obstáculos ao melhor desenvolvimento e ampliação do programa de residência.
Introduction: The preceptorship activity within medical education has been globally established as a model for the teaching process in the area and there are several forms and experiences of organization. The Medical Residency Program in Family Medicine of Universidade de São Paulo presents an unusual model of preceptors, composed of preceptors of the medical residency program, each one with its own and complementary specificities. Objectives: Our goal in this experience report was to share the institutional policies and preceptory experiences in our medical residency program, as well as to point out the multiple adversities and possible forms of coping. Results: Achieving the level of excellence in developing the skills needed to train the Family Medicine specialist, in adverse situations of appreciation of the specialty and the teaching staff, is an arduous task. In this difficult challenge of conducting the Medical Residency Program and ensuring the development of quality skills, the role of the preceptor of the medical residency program and the resident's tutor is crucial. Conclusion: Faced with the challenges pointed out, there is great wear and tear on the tutors, who voluntarily perform the teaching activities even when acting on welfare overload. The lack of recognition, scarcity of institutional support and administrative management are factors that hinder the better development and expansion of the residency program.
Introducción: La actividad de preceptoría dentro de la formación médica ha sido globalmente establecida como modelo para el proceso docente en el área y existen diversas formas y experiencias de organización. El Programa de Residencia Médica (PRM) en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria (MFyC) de la Universidade de São Paulo presenta un modelo de preceptoria inusual, compuesto por preceptores del programa de residencia médica y por preceptores de los residentes (tutores), cada uno con especificidades propias y complementarias. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo en este relato de experiencia fue compartir las políticas institucionales y experiencias de preceptoría en nuestro programa de residencia médica, así como apuntar las múltiples adversidades existentes y posibles formas de enfrentamiento. Resultados: Alcanzar el nivel de excelencia en el desarrollo de las competencias necesarias para la formación del especialista en Medicina Familiar, en situaciones adversas de valorización de la especialidad y del cuerpo docente, es una tarea ardua. En este difícil desafío de conducir el Programa de Residencia Médica y garantizar el desarrollo de las competencias anheladas con calidad, el papel del preceptor del programa de residencia médica y del preceptor del residente (tutor) son fundamentales. Conclusión: Ante los desafíos señalados, hay gran desgaste de los tutores, que voluntariamente desempeñan las actividades de enseñanza incluso actuando en sobrecarga asistencial. La falta de reconocimiento, escaso apoyo institucional y de la gestión administrativa son factores que dificultan el desarrollo y la expansión del programa de residencia.
Subject(s)
Preceptorship , Primary Health Care , Education, Medical , Family Practice , Internship and ResidencyABSTRACT
Objetivo: conhecer o manejo de pacientes com Doença de Chagas (DC) por médicos da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) de regiões endêmicas. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 104 médicos da APS de 39 municípios das regiões norte de Minas Gerais e Vale do Jequitinhonha. Foram abordados perfil sociodemográfico, formação acadêmica e prática clínica, por meio de questionário autoaplicado. Resultados: os médicos apresentaram idade média de 33(±9,88) anos, 4(±7,26) anos de atuação na APS, 49% relataram que a graduação não ofereceu formação suficiente em DC. Embora quase 90% tivessem experiência com atendimento de pacientes com DC crônica e 57% com DC aguda, apenas 9% relataram sentir-se totalmente seguros para esses atendimentos e 33% relataram não conhecer o Benzonidazol, único antitripanossômico disponível. Contribuindo para esse quadro, após a graduação, somente 13,3% receberam alguma informação ou treinamento relativo à DC e quase metade recebeu esse treinamento há mais de 4 anos. Há insegurança, desconhecimento e carência de capacitações sobre DC entre profissionais médicos da APS de localidades endêmicas.
Objective: to understand the management of patients with Chagas Disease (CD) by Primary Health Care (PHC) doctors in endemic regions. Methods: cross-sectional study with 104 PHC doctors in 39 municipalities in the northern regions of Minas Gerais and Jequitinhonha Valley. Socio-demographic profile, academic training, and clinical practice were covered through a self-administered questionnaire. Results: the physicians had a mean age of 33 (± 9.88) years, 4 (± 7.26) years experience in the PHC system, and 49% reported that their undergraduate studies did not offer enough training on CD. Although almost 90% had experience with the care of patients with chronic CD and 57% with acute CD, only 9% reported feeling completely secure about these services and 33% reported not knowing about benznidazole, the only antitrypanosomal available. Contributing to this situation, after graduation, only 13.3% received any information or training on CD and almost half received this training more than four years ago. There is insecurity, ignorance, and lack of training on CD among PHC medical professionals in endemic locations.
Subject(s)
Chagas Disease , Professional Training , Primary Health Care , Chagas Disease/prevention & control , Education, ContinuingABSTRACT
Resumo OBJETIVO Avaliar a efetividade da educação a distância no conhecimento de enfermeiros da atenção primária sobre estomias intestinais de eliminação. MÉTODOS Estudo quase-experimental, do tipo antes-depois, realizado com 41 enfermeiros, no período de junho a julho de 2015, por meio de instrumento construído e validado no Brasil. Para comparar os escores de acertos no pré e pós-teste foi utilizado o Teste de Wilcoxon. Foram considerados estatisticamente significantes os resultados dos testes que apresentaram α menor ou igual a 0,05. RESULTADOS Na avaliação do conhecimento dos enfermeiros verificou-se que cinco obtiveram acertos superiores a 80% no pré-teste. Após a educação a distância, o número de enfermeiros que obtiveram acertos superiores a 80% aumentou para 32. Houve diferença estatística significativa no conhecimento dos enfermeiros após intervenção educativa (p=0,000), com percentual de melhoria de 96,7% no geral. CONCLUSÕES A educação a distância pode ser uma metodologia efetiva para educação permanente de enfermeiros.
Resumen OBJETIVO Evaluar el efecto de la educación a distancia en el conocimiento de enfermeros de la atención primaria sobre ostomías intestinales de eliminación. MÉTODOS Estudio cuasi-experimental, del tipo antes-después, realizado con 41 enfermeros, en el período de junio a julio de 2015, por medio de un instrumento construido y validado en Brasil. Para comparar los puntajes de aciertos en el pre y post-test, se utilizó el Test de Wilcoxon. Se consideraron estadísticamente significantes los resultados de las pruebas que presentaron α menor o igual a 0,05. RESULTADOS En la evaluación del conocimiento de los enfermeros, se verificó que cinco obtuvieron aciertos superiores al 80% en el pre-test. Después de la educación a distancia, el número de enfermeros que obtuvieron aciertos superiores al 80% aumentó a 32. Hubo diferencia estadística significativa en el conocimiento de los enfermeros luego de la intervención educativa (p = 0,000), con porcentual de mejora del 96,7% en general. CONCLUSIONES La educación a distancia puede ser una estrategia efectiva para la educación permanente de enfermeros.
Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of distance education on primary care nurses' knowledge about bowel elimination ostomies. METHODS A quasi-experimental, before-after study conducted with 41 nurses, from June to July 2015, by means of an instrument constructed and validated in Brazil. The Wilcoxon's test was used to compare the correct scores in the pre- and post-test. The results of the tests that presented α less than or equal to 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS In the evaluation of nurses' knowledge, five obtained correct answers above 80% in the pre-test. After distance education, the number of nurses that obtained scores greater than 80% increased to 32. There was a statistically significant difference in nurses' knowledge after an educational intervention (p=0.000), with a 96.7% overall improvement. CONCLUSIONS Distance education can be an effective strategy for nurses' permanent education.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: O estudo visa apresentar as etapas desenvolvidas para o aprimoramento de manual de orientação e sua aplicação com pessoas com esclerose múltipla (EM), ocorrida em um grupo terapêutico conduzido pela Terapia Ocupacional. Conforme as políticas de saúde, a produção de materiais educativos tem caráter multidisciplinar e é útil como ferramenta para a promoção de saúde devido à sua capacidade de aumentar o conhecimento e de solucionar problemas. O caráter crônico e progressivo da EM traz alterações em diferentes funções do corpo e demanda mudanças e estratégias para minimizar o seu impacto na vida das pessoas. Método: Estudo documental baseado nos registros escritos e áudios produzidos nos encontros grupais no período de 2013 a 2014. A análise dos documentos foi feita com base no método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Resultados: Participaram do estudo 10 pessoas com EM, com idade entre 23 a 55 anos, a maioria com mais de cinco anos de doença. Foram gerados quatro DSCs. De acordo com os discursos, o manual serviu não só como uma ferramenta prática e de fácil consulta, o que favoreceu a desmistificação da doença, mas também como guia para as atividades da rotina, apoio para identificação dos problemas e facilitação na convivência com a rede social. Conclusão: O uso do manual mostrou-se útil por facilitar a prática do aprendizado adquirido no grupo e estimular a corresponsabilização com a própria saúde.
Objective: The study aims to present the steps developed for the guidance manual enhancement and its application on people with multiple sclerosis occurred in a therapeutic group conducted by the Occupational Therapy. According to health policies, the production of educational materials is multidisciplinary and is useful as a tool to promote health due to this ability to increase the knowledge and problem solutions. The chronic and progressive disease brings alterations in different body functions and demands changes and strategies to minimize their impact on people's lives. Method: Documentary study based on written records and audio produced in the group meetings in the period from 2013 to 2014. The analysis of the documents was based on the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD) method. Results: The study included 10 people with multiple sclerosis, aged 23-55 years, the majority with over 5 years of disease. It was generated four CSD. According to the speeches the manual served as a practical tool and easy consultation, which favored demystify the disease, served as a guide for the routine activities, support identifying problems and facilitating the interaction with the social network. Conclusion: The use of the manual was useful because it facilitates the practice of acquired skills in the group and encourage co-responsibility for their own health.
ABSTRACT
Este estudo buscou analisar e descrever atividades de formação coletivas ofertadas aos trabalhadores do GHC, verificando quais tecnologias do cuidado se associam à formação de 2013. Tem-se como pressuposto que as atividades de formação refletem o modelo tecnoassistencial da instituição. Buscouse caracterizar oferta de atividades considerando: responsáveis que as desenvolvem, analisar a oferta para as áreas meio e assistencial, e distinguir entre aquelas oferecidas institucionalmente e pelas equipes; categorias profissionais atuantes no GHC que realizaram formação; tipologias das atividades formativas ofertadas e as temáticas ofertadas e sua relação com as tecnologias do cuidado, modos de produção e modelagens tecnoassistenciais em saúde. Este estudo caracterizou-se como Estudo de Caso descritivo de análise documental com abordagem quanti-qualitativa.1 Observamos que as equipes foram as maiores responsáveis pela formação, ofertando atividades voltadas para o segmento assistência/fim. Já as institucionais foram atividades caracterizadas pela participação significativa do segmento apoio/meio. Percebeuse, a tentativa de proporcionar atividades integrativas entre esses segmentos. Verficouse que os trabalhadores assistenciais foram os maiores beneficiados e que trabalhadores de alguns cargos apresentam poucos concluintes considerando sua representação no GHC. As atividades mais realizadas são: Treinamento ou Capacitação, possuindo características de transmissão de conhecimento, sendo antagonista às características da educação permanente, refletindo nos resultados das tecnologias do cuidado. Os resultados tecnologias leve/duras, representaram o maior quantitativo das formações, seguida pelas tecnologias duras, o que reflete o modelo tecnoassistencial hegemônico na instituição. Espera-se que este estudo possa servir de reflexão para contribuir para qualificar os processos de formação coletivos realizados no GHC.
This study aimed to analyze and describe collective training activities offered to workers of GHC, checking which technologies of healthcare are associated with the formation of 2013. It has been assumptioned that the training activities reflect the technical healthcare model of the institution. We sought to characterize supply activities considering: responsibles for its development, analyze the offer to the essencial and assistance areas, and to distinguish between those offered by the institution and those by the teams; professional categories active in GHC and trained ones; typologies of the training activities offered and theme issues offered and their relationship with care technology, production modes and modeling technical healthcare in health. This study characterized as a descriptive study of documentary analysis case with quantitative and qualitative approach. Were observed that teams are most responsible for training, offering activities aimed for the assistance/end segment. On the other hand, institutional activities were characterized for significant participation on the support/ essential segment. It was noticed an attempt to provide activities of integrative processes between these segments. It was pointed that the assistance workers were the most beneficiaries and that workers from some posts had few graduates considering their roles at GHC. The most activities carried out are: training or capacity building, possessing characteristics of knowledge transmission, being antagonistic of continued education, reflecting at healthcare technologies results. Results technologies lightweight/ hard, represented the major quantitative of formation, followed by hard technologies, that reflects that the technical healthcare hegemonic model in the institution. It is expected that this study can serve as a reflection to contribute to qualify the collective training processes done at GHC.
ABSTRACT
Este artigo descreve a proposta interdisciplinar utilizada atualmente no Centro Municipal de Saúde Manguinhos (CMSM), Rio de Janeiro, para condução longitudinal do tratamento antitabagismo em pacientes residentes em comunidades de baixa renda da região, sob a ótica de um estudante de medicina em seu período de internato rotatório. A abordagem antitabágica consiste em terapia longitudinal dividida em duas etapas: (i) assistência a grupo de pacientes com abordagem interdisciplinar ao longo de quatro sessões distribuídas semanalmente que inclui tratamento psicoterápico e recursos farmacológicos; seguida de (ii) duas sessões quinzenais de terapia de manutenção, caracterizadas por atenção individualizada e desmame farmacológico, complementadas por um seguimento mensal de até um ano. Os protocolos atuais, as atividades dos profissionais e a condução da proposta são descritos. Este relato sugere que o aprimoramento da formação em medicina pode ocorrer por meio da participação dos estudantes em ações de educação em saúde, tais como o grupo antitabagismo.
This article describes the interdisciplinary approach currently used at the Manguinhos Municipal Health Centre (MMHC), Rio de Janeiro, for the longitudinal management of anti-smoking treatment in patients living in low-income community regions, from the perspective of a medical student in his rotating internship. The anti-tobacco approach consists in a longitudinal therapy divided in two steps: (i) four interdisciplinary anti-tobacco group sessions scheduled weekly, which includes psychotherapy and pharmacological resources; followed by (ii) two sessions of maintenance therapy scheduled fortnightly, characterized by individualized care and pharmacological withdrawal, complemented by a monthly one year follow-up. This article describes the current protocols, the professional activities and how the proposal was developed. This report suggests that improvement in medical training might occur through participation of medical students in health education activities such as tobacco cessation group.
En este artículo se describe el enfoque interdisciplinario utilizado actualmente en el Centro Municipal de Salud Manguinhos (CMSM), Río de Janeiro, para la conducción longitudinal del tratamiento anti-tabaquismo en los pacientes que residen en comunidades de bajos ingresos de la región, desde la perspectiva de un estudiante de medicina en su período de internado rotatorio. La abordaje anti-tabaquismo consiste en una terapia longitudinal dividida en dos etapas: (i) asistencia al grupo de pacientes con un enfoque interdisciplinario distribuidas en cuatro sesiones semanales que incluyen psicoterapia y recursos farmacológicos; seguido por (ii) dos sesiones quincenales de terapia de mantenimiento caracterizadas por la atención individualizada y retirada del medicamento, complementadas con un seguimiento mensual hasta un año. Son presentados protocolos actualizados y las actividades de los profesionales y como las actividades son desarrolladas. Este relato sugiere que la mejora de la formación médica puede ocurrir a través de la participación estudiantil en las acciones de educación en salud, tales como el grupo antitabaco.
Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Smoking , Tobacco Use Cessation , Education, Medical , Smoking CessationABSTRACT
O estudo objetivou identificar o significado do internato de enfermagem para os estudantes do último período do curso de uma universidade pública do norte do Paraná, em 2011. Utilizou-se a metodologia qualitativa, com a obtenção dos dados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com 19 alunos. A questão norteadora foi: qual o significado do internato para você? Como resultado houve a construção de cinco categorias: contextualização do aprendizado; preparo para o mercado de trabalho; habilidades adquiridas durante o internato; a gerência de enfermagem no contexto do internato; e identificação do ser enfermeiro. Concluiu-se que o internato foi essencial para a contextualização do conhecimento adquirido na graduação. A efetividade do estágio auxiliou o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências fundamentais para tornar os internos preparados para o mercado de trabalho. Por fim, a interação entre enfermeiro, docente e interno foi citada como essencial na descoberta do ser enfermeiro em cada aluno.
The study aimed to identify the meaning of internship to final-semester 2011 nursing students at a public university in northern Paraná. A qualitative methodology was used to obtain data through semi-structured interviews of 19 students. The guiding question was: what does internship mean to you? This resulted in the construction of five categories: contextualization of learning; preparation for the job market; skills acquired during the internship; nursing management in the context of internship; and identification of what it is to be a nurse. It was concluded that internship was essential to contextualizing knowledge gained during undergraduate training. An effective internship helped develop skills and competences fundamental to preparing the intern for the job market. Lastly, the interaction among nurses, teachers and interns was cited as essential to discovering the nurse-being in each student.
El estudio se destinó a identificar el significado del internado de enfermería en el último semestre de 2011 de una universidad pública en el norte de Paraná-Brasil. Se utilizó la metodología cualitativa, con la obtención de datos a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas con 19 estudiantes. La pregunta orientadora fue: ¿cuál es el significado del internado para usted? Como resultado hubo la construcción de cinco categorías: contextualización de la prendizaje; preparación para el mercado de trabajo; cualificaciones adquiridas durante el internado; la gestión de enfermería en el contexto del internado; e identificación de ser un enfermero. Se concluyó que el internado fue esencial para la contextualización del conocimiento en el pregrado. La efectividad de las prácticas ayudó al desarrollo de habilidades para que el interno esté preparado para el mercado laboral. Por fin, la interacción entre enfermero, docente e interno fue dita como esencial para el descubrimiento del ser enfermero en cada estudiante.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Learning , Nursing Care , Health Education , Nurses, Male , Students, Nursing , Internship, Nonmedical , Brazil , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
Objetivo: Avaliar as dificuldades de médicos da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) para proverem assistência à saúde das mulheres em todos os estágios de suas vidas. Métodos: Foi aplicado questionário semiestruturado a 203 médicos que atuam na ESF, em três regiões do Estado de Minas Gerais, com questões específicas relativas à atenção à saúde da mulher: prevenção do câncer do colo e das mamas, cuidado pré-natal e no puerpério, cuidados à saúde reprodutiva e atenção à saúde no climatério. Resultados: O motivo mais comum para serem médicos da ESF foi o interesse em trabalhar na Atenção Primária à Saúde (38,4%). As dificuldades mais frequentes foram atender mulheres no climatério (61,9%) e prover atenção à saúde reprodutiva (41,9%). Comparando os médicos segundo o tempo de formação, verificou-se que os mais jovens (com até três anos de formação) apresentaram mais dificuldades em prover todos os tipos de cuidados à saúde das mulheres. A análise multivariada confirmou as limitações dos médicos mais jovens no atendimento ao climatério (p<0,009) e a sua baixa participação em atividades educativas voltadas para as mulheres (p<0,021). Conclusões: Os médicos mais jovens apresentaram mais dificuldades específicas em todos os tipos de cuidados à saúde das mulheres e menor participação em atividades educativas. Presume-se que as dificuldades desses médicos estejam ligadas a deficiências na sua formação durante a graduação e à escassa participação nas ações programáticas de atenção à saúde das mulheres.
Objective: To evaluate the difficulties of physicians from the Family Health Strategy (FHS) to provide health care for women in all stages of their lives. Methods: Two hundred and three physicians from FHS in three regions of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil answered a semi-structured questionnaire with specific questions regarding women's healthcare, such as cervical and breast cancer prevention, prenatal and postpartum care, reproductive health care, and health care during climacteric. Results: The most common reason for having become doctors at the FHS program was the interest to work in Primary Health Care (38.4%). The most frequent difficulties were taking care of climacteric women (61.9%) and providing reproductive health care (41.9%). By comparing physicians according to their practicing time since graduation, it was possible to find that the youngest (up to three years after graduation) presented more difficulty in providing all types of health care for women. Multivariate analysis confirmed the limitations of young physicians in taking care of perimenopausal women (p<0.009) and their small participation in educational activities for women (p<0.021). Conclusions: Younger doctors present more specific problems in all types of health care for women, with less participation in educational activities. It is assumed that these physicians' difficulties are linked to flaws during their undergraduate education and to a reduced participation in programmatic actions in women's health care.
Objetivo: Evaluar las dificultades de los médicos de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar (ESF), para proporcionar atención a la salud de las mujeres en todas las etapas de sus vidas. Métodos: Se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado a 203 médicos que trabajan en la ESF, pertenecientes a tres regiones del estado de Minas Gerais, con preguntas específicas relacionadas con la atención a la salud de la mujer: prevención del cáncer cérvico-uterino y de mama; atención prenatal y puerperio; cuidados de la salud reproductiva y atención de la salud durante el climaterio. Resultados: La razón más común para convertirse en médicos de la ESF fue su interés en trabajar con la Atención Primaria de Salud (38,4%). Las dificultades más frecuentes fueron la de ayudar a las mujeres en el climaterio (61,9%) y la de proporcionar servicios de salud reproductiva (41,9%). Al comparar los médicos, en función del tiempo trascurrido tras su graduación, se verificó que las personas más jóvenes (hasta tres años tras su graduación) presentaron más dificultades al prestar los diferentes tipos de cuidados en la atención de la salud para las mujeres. El análisis multivariado confirmó las limitaciones de médicos jóvenes en el cuidado del climaterio (p<0,009) y su baja participación en las actividades educativas dirigidas a las mujeres (p<0,021). Conclusiones: Los médicos más jóvenes presentaron problemas más específicos en todos los tipos de atención de la salud de las mujeres y tuvieron una menor participación en las actividades educativas. Se supone que las dificultades de estos médicos estén relacionadas con deficiencias en su formación durante la graduación y con su limitada participación en las actividades del programa de la atención de la salud de las mujeres.
Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Family Health , Clinical Competence , Education, Medical , Family PracticeABSTRACT
O contexto sociocultural contemporâneo aponta para um distanciamento de informações entre a esfera do saber popular e a esfera do saber científico no que diz respeito à hipertensão arterial. Objetivou-se descrever os saberes populares sobre a hipertensão arterial e analisar o conhecimento científico da educação em saúde na hipertensão arterial. Estudo qualitativo, descritivo, desenvolvido com 23 pessoas atendidas na rede ambulatorial e nas feiras de saúde no município do Rio de Janeiro, em 2010. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e submetidos à análise de conteúdo. São resultados: os saberes populares sobre a hipertensão arterial mostraram dúvidas em relação ao desenvolvimento, curso da patologia, os sinais e sintomas, as dificuldades do controle com a medicação e a carência de informação. Concluiu-se que as ações educativas não despertaram nos usuários a consciência crítica, deixando muitas dúvidas, e não atingiram os objetivos propostos pela reorientação das práticas de saúde.
The contemporary sociocultural context suggests an information gap between the popular knowledge level and the scientific knowledge level, as far as arterial hypertension is concerned. The objective was to describe the popular knowledge on arterial hypertension and to analyze the scientific knowledge on health care education in arterial hypertension. A qualitative and descriptive study developed with 23 outpatients assisted in appointments and health care events in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro in 2010. The data were collected by means of semi-structured interview and submitted to content analysis. Results the popular knowledge on arterial hypertension showed some questions regarding the development, course of pathology, signs and symptoms, difficulties to control the medication and lack of information. We conclude that the educational actions have not awakened the critical awareness on users, with many questions remaining, and they have not achieved the objectives proposed on health care practices reorientation.
El contexto sociocultural contemporáneo apunta para un alejamiento de informaciones entre el campo del saber popular y el campo del saber científico con respecto a la hipertensión arterial. Se objetivó describir los saberes populares sobre la hipertensión arterial y analizar el conocimiento científico de la educación en salud en la hipertensión arterial. Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, desarrollado con 23 personas atendidas en la red ambulatorial y en los eventos de salud en el municipio de Rio de Janeiro-RJ-Brasil, en 2010. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de entrevista semiestructurada y sometidos al análisis de contenido. Son resultados: los saberes populares sobre la hipertensión arterial revelaron dudas enrelación al desarrollo, curso de la patología, los señales y síntomas, las dificultades del control con la medicación y la carencia de información. Se concluyó que las acciones educativas no despertaron en los usuarios la conciencia crítica, generando muchas dudas, y no alcanzaron los objetivos propuestos por la reorientación de las prácticas de salud.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Self Care , Nursing Care , Health Education , Hypertension/nursing , Hypertension/therapy , Brazil , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
La elevada prevalencia, la alteración de la calidad de vida y la escasez de estudios descriptivos y de intervención, hacen de la salud mental una prioridad en investigación mundial. En el Perú y en Lambayeque, son una prioridad las investigaciones para mejorar la salud mental y conocer los factores de riesgo asociados; el objetivo de éste artículo es remarcar la importancia del personal de atención primaria que el enfoque y manejo de la salud mental; ésta, no es tarea exclusiva de psiquiatras y psicólogos.En los países del tercer mundo en los que existe un aumento significativo de las patologías de orden mental, neurológico y de abuso de sustancias, la ineficacia y escasez de formación en salud mental, es apremiante. Tres enfoques podrían explicar ésta realidad: el bajo nivel de conocimientos en salud mental en atención primaria; la escasa cantidad y deficiente distribución del recurso humano a nivel nacional y el déficit en formación en tópicos de salud mental en las Universidades.(AU)
The high prevalence, the impairment of quality of life and the lack of descriptive and intervention studies, make mental health a priority in global research. In Peru and in Lambayeque, the investigations to analyze mental health problems and define the associated risk factors are a priority; the main objective of this study is to note the importance of primary care in the diagnosis and initial treatment of mental health problems. These are not the sole responsibility of psychiatrists and psychologists. In third world countries there is a significant increase of mental, neurological and substance abuse pathologies. Inefficiency and lack of training in mental health in third world countries, is desperating. Three approaches could explain this fact: the low level of knowledge in mental health topics among primary care staff, the small number and poor distribution of human resources and the deficit in training on mental health topics at universities.(AU)
ABSTRACT
Nesta pesquisa investigou-se o nível de informação, percepção, motivos e sentimentos de escolares sobre a doação de sangue. 145 escolares do pré, 2ª, 4ª séries com seis, oito e 10 anos de idade foram submetidos a provas piagetianas, responderam uma entrevista, se posicionaram frente a um dilema. Verificou-se pouca informação e informações errôneas sobre a doação. A escola foi a fonte de informação menos citada. A maioria dos entrevistados tanto na entrevista, como no dilema, justificou a doação de sangue como um ato solidário, permitindo supor que valores como generosidade podem ser adquiridos na fase pré-operatória. Discute-se o papel da escola nos programas de Educação em Saúde voltados a comportamentos que serão emitidos a longo prazo e que beneficiam a coletividade.
This study investigated children's values and perceptions of blood donation. A hundred forty-five students (preschool, second- and fourth-graders) aged 6, 8 and 10 years old answered Piagetian tests. They were also interviewed on blood donation and faced a moral dilemma. Lack of information and misinformation were observed. The school was the least frequently cited information source. Findings showed that the participants justified blood donation as an act of solidarity. It indicates that children have a conception of values since the preoperational stage of cognitive development. It is also presented a discussion on the role of schools in Health Care Education, particularly targeting specific behaviors which will be expressed in the long term such as blood donation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Blood Donors/psychology , Students/psychology , Health Education , Social Values , Cross-Sectional Studies , Education, Primary and SecondaryABSTRACT
Nesta pesquisa investigou-se o nível de informação, percepção, motivos e sentimentos de escolares sobre a doação de sangue. 145 escolares do pré, 2ª, 4ª séries com seis, oito e 10 anos de idade foram submetidos a provas piagetianas, responderam uma entrevista, se posicionaram frente a um dilema. Verificou-se pouca informação e informações errôneas sobre a doação. A escola foi a fonte de informação menos citada. A maioria dos entrevistados tanto na entrevista, como no dilema, justificou a doação de sangue como um ato solidário, permitindo supor que valores como generosidade podem ser adquiridos na fase pré-operatória. Discute-se o papel da escola nos programas de Educação em Saúde voltados a comportamentos que serão emitidos a longo prazo e que beneficiam a coletividade.(AU)
This study investigated children's values and perceptions of blood donation. A hundred forty-five students (preschool, second- and fourth-graders) aged 6, 8 and 10 years old answered Piagetian tests. They were also interviewed on blood donation and faced a moral dilemma. Lack of information and misinformation were observed. The school was the least frequently cited information source. Findings showed that the participants justified blood donation as an act of solidarity. It indicates that children have a conception of values since the preoperational stage of cognitive development. It is also presented a discussion on the role of schools in Health Care Education, particularly targeting specific behaviors which will be expressed in the long term such as blood donation.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Blood Donors/psychology , Students/psychology , Social Values , Health Education , Cross-Sectional Studies , Education, Primary and SecondaryABSTRACT
El presente estudio surgió de la necesidad de la investigadora por plantear desde "otras perspectivas"; las de los individuos objetos de las acciones; de los programas de educación para el cuidado de la salud cardiovascular, cuales son en general la o las motivaciones hacia el inicio de cambios de hábitos que les permitan mantener y propiciar niveles óptimos para su salud cardiovascular, así como determinar si el proceso que se realiza para ello desde este tipo de actividades en el rol que corresponde al cuidado de enfermería, es acorde a las expectativas y necesidades de los individuos o comunidades objeto de ello y conocer cuánto la tradición, el contexto y los conocimientos influyen en la asunción y responsabilidad del comportamiento y control de las acciones encaminadas al cuidado de la salud. Con lo cual el objetivo planteado para este estudio fue: describir las percepciones de las actividades de educación para la salud como parte del cuidado de enfermería, en un grupo de personas asistentes a programas de promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular, en la ciudad de Bogotá, D. C., de Noviembre a Diciembre de 2009. El desarrollo de la metodología que siguió esta investigación comprende un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo interpretativo de los datos ofrecidos en entrevista semi-estructurada, realizada con 14 participantes de una IPS de Bogotá; para analizar la información, se usó el método de Colaizzi, el cual permitió interpretar los hallazgos y obtener la agrupación de 16 categorías que describen la percepción del fenómeno en estudio.
This study was developed by the needs of the investigator to propose from "other perspectives", those generated by the individuals subject to the actions; and the education programs for the cardiovascular health care; what is the motivation or motivations to initiate changes in the habits that allow to maintain and produce optimum levels for the cardiovascular health care, as well as identify if the processes developed for this cardiovascular health care, from this type of activities in the role assigned to the nursery care, is aligned to the expectations and needs of the individuals or communities subject to this matter and to know if the tradition, context, and knowledge have an influence in the presumption and responsibility of the behavior and control of the actions related to the health care. Having said that, the objective proposed for this study was: to describe the perceptions of the health education activities as part of the nursery care, in a group of persons who assist to health care programs and prevention of cardiovascular decease in Bogota during November and December of 2009. The methodology followed by this investigation is composed by a qualitative, interpretative descriptive study from data offered by semi structured interview, developed with 14 individuals of an IPS in Bogotá; in order to analyze the information, the Colazzi method was used, this method allowed the interpretation of findings and to get the consolidation of 16 categories which describes the perception of the phenomenon under study.