Alternative Substrates for the Development of Fermented Beverages Analogous to Kombucha: An Integrative Review.

Kombucha is a fermented beverage that originated in China and is spread worldwide today. The infusion of Camellia sinensis leaves is mandatory as the substrate to produce kombucha but alternative plant infusions are expected to increase the opportunities to develop new fermented food products analogous to kombucha, with high technological potential and functional properties. This review gathers information regarding promising alternative substrates to produce kombucha-analogous beverages, focusing on plants available in the Amazonia biome. The data from the literature showed a wide range of alternative substrates in increasing expansion, with 37 new substrates being highlighted, of which ~29% are available in the Amazon region. Regarding the technological production of kombucha-analogous beverages, the following were the most frequent conditions: sucrose was the most used carbon/energy source; the infusions were mostly prepared at 90-100 °C, which allowed increased contents of phenolic compounds in the product; and 14 day-fermentation at 25-28 °C was typical. Furthermore, herbs with promising bioactive compound compositions and high antioxidant and antimicrobial properties are usually preferred. This review also brings up gaps in the literature, such as the lack of consistent information about chemical composition, sensory aspects, biological properties, and market strategies for fermented beverages analogous to kombucha produced with alternative substrates. Therefore, investigations aiming to overcome these gaps may stimulate the upscale of these beverages in reaching wide access to contribute to the modern consumers' quality of life.

Strategies for Healthier Meat Foods: An Overview.

Functional food products remain the focus of current market trends toward healthier nutrition. The consumption of meat-based functional foods has been a topic of interest in food innovation since some of these products generate controversy due to their possible adverse effects on health. However, studies have demonstrated that meat-based functional products are considered an opportunity to improve the nutritional profile of meat products through the addition of biologically valuable components and to meet the specific needs of consumers. In this sense, some strategies and techniques are applied for processing and developing functional meat products, such as modifying carcass composition through feeding, reformulating meat products, and processing conditions. This review focuses on presenting developed and evaluated strategies that allow the production of healthy and functional meat foods, which application has successfully achieved the sensory, nutritional, and technological parameters mainly affected by such application.

Ultrasound-Assisted Encapsulation of Phytochemicals for Food Applications: A Review.

The use of phytochemicals as natural food additives is a topic of interest for both academic and food industry communities. However, many of these substances are sensitive to environmental conditions. For this reason, encapsulation is usually performed prior to incorporation into food products. In this sense, ultrasound-assisted encapsulation is an emerging technique that has been gaining attention in this field, bringing important advantages for the production of functional food products. This review article covered applications published in the last five years (from 2019 to 2023) on the use of ultrasound to encapsulate phytochemicals for further incorporation into food. The ultrasound mechanisms for encapsulation, its parameters, such as reactor configuration, frequency, and power, and the use of ultrasound technology, along with conventional encapsulation techniques, were all discussed. Additionally, the main challenges of existing methods and future possibilities were discussed. In general, ultrasound-assisted encapsulation has been considered a great tool for the production of smaller capsules with a lower polydispersity index. Encapsulated materials also present a higher bioavailability. However, there is still room for further developments regarding process scale-up for industrial applications. Future studies should also focus on incorporating produced capsules in model food products to further assess their stability and sensory properties.

Effect of Edible Coatings of Cassava Starch Incorporated with Clove and Cinnamon Essential Oils on the Shelf Life of Papaya.

Applying edible coatings added with plant essential oils is a strategy used to delay ripening processes in climacteric fruits such as papaya. Formulations comprising 3% or 4% cassava starch (w/v), added with clove or cinnamon essential oils (2 mL/L), were tested for microbial inhibition (in vitro) purposes. Moreover, these fruits' physicochemical and microbiological aspects were assessed at 25 °C, for 12 days. Slight variations in pH and Brix values were observed during storage. On the other hand, there were no significant variations in carotenoid contents over storage time. The papaya fruits' coating contributed to reducing their weight loss from 40.66% (uncoated sample) to 24.10% on the 12th storage day, as well as delayed changes often observed during the ripening process. The 4% cassava starch coatings added with essential oils were more efficient in reducing microbiological levels. The herein proposed treatments reduced aerobic mesophilic bacteria, as well as molds and yeast counts, by 1.48 and 1.95 log CFU/g, on average, respectively, in comparison to the control sample. The assessed microorganism counts were higher in the uncoated sample than in the coated papaya fruits, after 12 days of storage. Thus, the tested coatings can potentially delay the emergence of post-harvest changes; consequently, they can help improve the quality of papaya fruits and extend their shelf life.

Development of a Protein-Rich By-Product by 23 Factorial Design: Characterization of Its Nutritional Value and Sensory Analysis.

The aim of this study was the development of a cereal bar based on bee pollen (BP), honey (H), and flour by-products (peel passion fruit flour-PPFF), generating an innovative product. BP is a protein-rich ingredient and can be used in the composition of cereal bars. PPFF is a by-product rich in fibers. The formulations were developed using a 23 factorial design with four replicates in the center point, studying the sensory analysis as a response variable. The texture and nutritional parameters were performed for the optimal formulation. BP showed ca. 15% of protein. The final formulation (10.35% BP, 6.8% PPFF, and 25% H) presented 22.2% moisture, 1.8% ash, 0.4% total fat, 3.0% fiber, 63.1% carbohydrates, and 74.0 Kcal/25 g. The sensory analysis presented valued around 7 (typical of a traditional bar). Regarding the possibility of purchasing the product, 51% of the panelists said they would probably buy the developed product. The formulated cereal bar had a similar composition as those already marketed. Moreover, it can be considered a source of fiber and is sensory acceptable. This approach opens up new opportunities for developing nutritional and functional foodstuff with improved sensorial aspects.

Preparation and characterization of sequilhos-type biscuits added with almond flour of Acrocomia intumescens.

Acrocomia intumescens ("macaúba") is a species that during processing generates a large amount of waste. The use of this residue for the production of flour for incorporation into food products is a way to minimize the cost and nutritionally enrich the final product. This work aimed to develop and analyze, in terms of physico-chemical and microbiological properties, cookies with macaúba almond cake residual flour. Sequilhos formulations were obtained using three different proportions of flour (2, 4 and 6%). The analysis of the flour allowed to find 4.29% of moisture, 1.13% of acidity, 5.33 of pH, 44.46% of carbohydrates, 28.74% of lipids, 20.06% of proteins and 2.45% of ash. In the analysis of the sequilhos formulations, the following values were found: moisture (5.03 to 8.13%), acidity (0.10 to 0.14%), pH (5.52 to 5.93), carbohydrates (67.17 to 73.37%), lipids (18.77 to 31.77%), proteins (0.85 to 1.92%), ash (0.83 to 0.94%) and total energy value (137.57 to 172,50 Kcal/100g). In microbiological analyzes it was highlighted that the sequilhos presented adequate sanitary conditions. The results indicate almond flour as an ingredient to be incorporated in the preparation of sequilhos, which in turn, presented satisfactory physico-chemical properties and microbiological results.

Relação entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e estado nutricional de adolescents estudantes de uma escola privada, na cidade de São Paulo / Relationship between ultraprocessed food consuption and nutritional status of adolescents studants from a private school of São Paulo

Objetivo ­ Relacionar a frequência do consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados com estado nutricional de adolescentes de uma escola de ensino privada. Métodos ­ Trata-se de um estudo transversal. A amostra foi composta de 104 adolescentes estudantes de uma escola privada, localizada na região sul da cidade de São Paulo. Avaliou se a frequência de consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados por meio de um questionário adaptado com suporte de imagens e medidas antropométricas (peso e altura) dos estudantes, classificadas por gráficos de crescimento da OMS (2007). Resultados ­ As adolescentes do sexo feminino, classificadas com obesidade (3%) e obesidade grave (2%), possuem um consumo maior de ultraprocessados em comparação as classificadas como eutróficas (61%) e com sobrepeso (34%). Dos adolescentes do sexo masculino, o consumo de ultraprocessados não apresentou diferença importante nos percentuais. Conclusão ­ Ao relacionar, o consumo de ultraprocessados com o estado nutricional, verifica-se que as adolescentes do sexo feminino classificados com sobrepeso, obesidade e obesidade grave consomem de forma mais frequente os alimentos ultraprocessados em comparação aos que foram classificados com eutrofia. No sexo masculino, não foi observada diferença

Objective ­ To relate the frequency of consumption of ultra-processed foods with the nutritional status of adolescents in a private school. Methods ­ This is a cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 104 adolescent students from a private school, located in the southern region of the city of São Paulo. The frequency of consumption of ultra-processed foods was assessed by means of a questionnaire adapted with the support of students' images and anthropometric measurements (weight and height), classified by WHO growth charts (2007). Results ­ Female adolescents, classified with obesity (3%) and severe obesity (2%), have a higher consumption of ultra-processed compared to those classified as eutrophic (61%) and overweight (34%). Among male adolescents, the consumption of ultra-processed foods did not show any significant difference in percentages. Conclusion ­ When relating, the consumption of ultraprocessed foods with nutritional status, it appears that female adolescents classified as overweight, obese and severe obesity consume more frequent ultra-processed foods compared to those classified as eutrophic. In males, no difference was observe

A Systematic Review of Worldwide Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods: Findings and Criticisms.

A debate is ongoing on the significance and appropriateness of the NOVA classification as a tool for categorizing foods based on their degree of processing. As such, the role of ultra-processed food (UPF) on human health is still not completely understood. With this review, we aimed to investigate the actual level of consumption of UPF across countries and target populations to determine the impact in real contexts. Suitable articles published up to March 2021 were sourced through the PubMed and SCOPUS databases. Overall, 99 studies providing data on the level of UPF consumption expressed as the percentage of total energy intake were identified, for a total of 1,378,454 participants. Most of them were published in Brazil (n = 38) and the United States (n = 15), and the 24 h recall was the most-used tool (n = 63). Analysis of the results revealed that the United States and the United Kingdom were the countries with the highest percent energy intake from UPF (generally >50%), whereas Italy had the lowest levels (about 10%); the latter was inversely associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet. High variability was also observed based on sex, age, and body mass index, with men, young people, and overweight/obese subjects generally having higher levels of consumption compared to older subjects. Overall, our findings underline the large differences in UPF intake. Since most of the observations derived from studies conducted with food questionnaires are not specifically validated for UPF, further efforts are essential to confirm the results previously obtained and to investigate further the association between UPF consumption and health status, also considering the actual contribution within different dietary patterns, which has been less investigated to date.

Biofortified sweet potatoes as a tool to combat vitamin A deficiency: Effect of food processing in carotenoid content

ABSTRACT The supply of food products that present adequate nutritional quality is extremely important for maintaining the health of the population. Thus, different techniques have been used to obtain biofortified foods, with the aim of combating malnutrition caused by the absence of essential micronutrients, especially in the poorest populations. This review presents an overview of biofortification, with an emphasis on orange-flesh sweet potatoes (OFSP), and points out the effects of food processing on nutritional compounds. The identification of cultivars and biofortification actions to obtain biofortified OFSP by conventional breeding are presented as affordable strategies to supply β-carotene to alleviate vitamin A deficiency, without having ethical dilemmas related to transgenics. Studies using OFSP have shown promising results in obtaining foods with high levels of carotenoids. However, biofortified species must be validated for crop production viability, target micronutrient bioavailability and bioaccessibility, as well as the effect of processing on nutrients, so that the benefits to human health are effectively achieved.

RESUMEN El suministro de alimentos que presenten una adecuada calidad nutricional es de suma importancia para el mantenimiento de la salud de la población. Así, se han utilizado diferentes técnicas para la obtención de alimentos biofortificados, con el objetivo de combatir la desnutrición provocada por la ausencia de micronutrientes esenciales, especialmente en las poblaciones más pobres. Esta revisión presenta una descripción general de la biofortificación, con énfasis en los camotes de pulpa anaranjada (BDPA), y señala los efectos del procesamiento de alimentos sobre los compuestos nutricionales. La identificación de cultivares y acciones de biofortificación para obtener BDPA biofortificado por mejoramiento convencional se presentan como estrategias accesibles para aportar β-caroteno para aliviar la deficiencia de vitamina A, sin presentar dilemas éticos relacionados con los transgénicos. Los estudios que utilizan BDPA han mostrado resultados prometedores en la obtención de alimentos con altos niveles de carotenoides. Sin embargo, las especies biofortificadas deben validarse no solo por la viabilidad de la producción vegetal, sino también por la biodisponibilidad y bioaccesibilidad del micronutriente objetivo, así como el efecto del procesamiento sobre los nutrientes, de modo que los beneficios para la salud humana se logren de manera efectiva.

Immobilized microbial lipases in the food industry: a systematic literature review.

Several studies describe the immobilization of microbial lipases aiming to evaluate the mechanical/thermal stability of the support/enzyme system, the appropriate method for immobilization, acid and alkaline stability, tolerance to organic solvents and specificity of fatty acids. However, literature reviews focus on application of enzyme/support system in food technology remains scarce. This current systematic literature review aimed to identify, evaluate and interpret available and relevant researches addressing the type of support and immobilization techniques employed over lipases, in order to obtain products for food industry. Fourteen selected articles were used to structure the systematic review, in which the discussion was based on six main groups: (i) synthesis/enrichment of polyunsaturated fatty acids; (ii) synthesis of structured lipids; (iii) flavors and food coloring; (iv) additives, antioxidants and antimicrobials; (v) synthesis of phytosterol esters and (vi) synthesis of sugar esters. In general, the studies discussed the synthesis of the enzyme/support system and the characteristics: surface area, mass transfer resistance, activity, stability (pH and temperature), and recyclability. Each immobilization technique is applicable for a specific production, depending mainly on the sensitivity and cost of the process.

Aquafaba proveniente da cocção do grão-de-bico (CicerarietinumL): características químicas, padronização do uso e aplicação culinária / Aquafaba obtained from chickpea cooking: Chemical characterization, standardization of use and viability in a recipe

Introdução: A aquafaba, proveniente da cocção do grão-de-bico (CicerarietinumL.), pode ser uma alternativa interessante para formação de espuma, sendo um ingrediente vegetal capaz de conferir características físico-químicas e sensoriais agradáveis a preparações culinárias veganas. Objetivo: Padronizar o processo de obtenção da aquafaba caseira visando aplicação em preparação culinária vegana. Material e Métodos: Após remolho dos grãos, foram utilizadas diferentes proporções de grão e água (v:v) durante o cozimento, totalizando seis experimentos. As amostras de aquafaba caseira foram analisadas quanto à capacidade de formação e estabilidade de espuma e os resultados foram comparados à clara de ovo, visando escolher a melhor proporção grão:água para desenvolvimento de uma mousse de chocolate vegana. As amostras de mousse padrão (clara de ovo) e vegana (aquafaba) foram submetidas ao teste de aceitação utilizando escala hedônica de nove pontos (n = 95 provadores não treinados). Resultados: A espuma da clara de ovo apresentou menor estabilidade (p<0,05), sendo que a aquafaba obtida a partir da proporção 2:3 formou espuma em menor tempo comparado aos demais experimentos. Essa mesma amostra não apresentou diferença significativa na formação e estabilidade de espuma em relação às demais, sendo então utilizada para elaborar a mousse vegana, a qual não diferiu quanto ao sabor (p>0,05) e apresentou melhores médias dos demais atributos avaliados, comparada à mousse padrão (p<0,05). Conclusão: A aquafaba caseira de grão-de-bico (Cicerarietinum L.), 2:3 (grão:água v/v) mostrou boa viabilidade para aplicação culinária em mousse vegana.

Introduction: Aquafaba is a by-product of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) that may represent an interesting alternative forproviding foam formation,at the same time as beinga vegetal ingredient that has pleasant physicochemical and sensory characteristics in culinary vegan recipes. Objective:Standardize the homemade process to obtain aquafaba, with the aim of using it invegan recipes. Material and Methods: After soaking chickpeas overnight, different proportions of chickpea and water (v/v) were used during the cooking process, in six experiments. The homemade aquafaba samples were analyzed with regard to foam formation and stability, and the results were compared to those of egg white, in order to determine the best proportion of grain:waterfor developing a vegan chocolate mousse. The samples of standard (egg white) and vegan (aquafaba) mousse went through an acceptability test using a 9-point structured hedonic scale (n= 95 untrained tasters). Results: The foam obtained from egg white presentedlower stability (p<0.05), while the aquafaba obtained from a 2:3 grain:water proportion formed foam more quickly, when compared to that obtained from other experiments. This same sample did not present any significant difference in foam formation and stability, compared to the other samples and was selected for the vegan mousse preparation, which did not differ in terms of flavor (p>0.05) and presented better means in the other features evaluated, when compared to standard mousse (p<0.05). Conclusion: The homemade chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) aquafaba obtained from a 2:3 proportion of grain:water(v/v) presented viability for culinary application in vegan mousse.

Lignin-derived phenolic compounds in cachaça aged in new barrels made from two oak species.

Aging cachaça in wooden barrels is essential to improve its quality. The level of maturation of distillates can be determined based on the contents of aging-marker phenolic compounds extracted from the lignin of the wooden barrel. This study aimed to characterize the aging process of cachaça by analyzing the mechanism of lignin degradation during its maturation in new barrels made from two oak species, European (Quercus petraea) and American (Quercus alba), for up to 60 months. Evaluation was based on the analyses of cinnamic aldehydes (sinapaldehyde and coniferaldehyde), benzoic aldehydes (syringaldehyde and vanillin), and benzoic acids (syringic and vanillic acids) using high-performance liquid chromatography. Oak species had a significant effect on all the studied phenolic compounds. Higher contents of all the identified phenolic compounds were found in cachaça aged in barrels made from American oak. The total contents of benzoic acids (vanillic and syringic acids) can be considered for predicting the level of maturation of cachaça aged in barrels made from both oak species. Based on the composition of maturation-related congeners, it is likely that for cachaça each year of aging in new oak barrels corresponds to approximately 5 years of aging for spirits in general commercialized worldwide.

Comparison of powdered and fresh jambu (Acmella oleracea).

Jambu, Acmella oleracea (L.), is a low-growing herb plant, with cylindrical, fleshy, decumbent and branched stem varying from 20 to 30 cm in height. It is an abundantly cultivated and consumed vegetable in the northern region of Brazil and usually consumed in preparations of typical foods of the Amazon region. So, this work aimed to compare the chemical composition and physical chemistry of powdered and jambu leaf mass. Acmella oleracea plants were selected, sanitized and their leaves were crushed (without adding water). The mass was dried in an oven with forced air circulation under different conditions of temperature (60, 70 and 80 °C) and relative humidity (13.09, 8.14 and 5.45%, respectively), in two layer thicknesses (0.5 and 1.0 cm). The physical, chemical, physicochemical parameters moisture content, water activity, ash, protein, lipids, pH, total titratable acidity and color were analyzed in powdered and fresh leaves. Contrast test was used to evaluate the interaction between the layer thicknesses at 5% level of significance. Considering the contrasts, the parameters total soluble solids, ash, protein and lipids do not differ from those in the fresh sample, demonstrating that these parameters are not modified or degraded with the drying conditions. The pH and color parameters differed from those of the fresh material, due to degradation, which can be linked to the rise in temperature sensitivity. The moisture content and water activity also differed and were reduced, contributing to conservation of the material. Contrast analysis made it possible to conclude that the physicochemical composition did not undergo modifications through the use of drying. In addition, a powdered material with reduced water activity was obtained.

Ozone washing decreases strawberry susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea while maintaining antioxidant, optical and sensory quality.

This work aimed to evaluate the effect of ozone washing (maximum concentration 3.5 mgL-1- 5 and 15 min) on Botrytis cinerea decay, physicochemical parameters, bioactive compounds, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity, and sensory properties of strawberries cv. Albion throughout refrigerated storage at 5 ± 1 °C. A 5 min long ozonation delayed the onset of B. cinerea infection by 4 days, and significantly reduced its incidence as storage progressed (~17 % lesser than in control at day 8), without impairing physicochemical parameters or sensory quality. This treatment did not affect the antioxidant activity of strawberry extracts neither in in vitro (ORAC and ABTS assays) or in vivo assays using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism. Higher ozone doses did not achieve greater reduction of B. cinerea decay throughout the storage period. This study demonstrated that exposing strawberries to a 5 min long aqueous ozone treatment could extend their storability at 5 °C.

Phytochemical screening and DPPH radical scavenging activity of three morphotypes of Mauritia flexuosa L.f. from Peru, and thermal stability of a milk-based beverage enriched with carotenoids from these fruits.

Mauritia flexuosa L.f. is a palm tree which presents great morphological variability (morphotypes), represented mainly by the mesocarp color of its fruits. The objective of the study was to characterize the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of three morphotypes of Mauritia flexuosa L.f. ("Yellow", "Colour" and "Shambo") of greater economic importance in the Peruvian Amazon. "Shambo" showed a significantly high content of bioactive compounds (total phenolics, flavonoids and carotenoids) and DPPH radical scavenging activity compared to the "Yellow" and "Colour" morphotypes (p ≤ 0.05). There was a significant correlation between DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolics, flavonoids and carotenoids (p ≤ 0.01). Furthermore, milk-based beverages enriched with carotenoids of those morphotypes of Mauritia flexuosa L.f. have been shown to be a good source of bioactive compounds for use in the food industry. The milk-based beverages enriched with carotenoids of those morphotypes of Mauritia flexuosa L.f. showed higher lightness (L∗) and yellowness (b∗).

Packaging design proposal motivated by the identification of damages in Andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth).

Andean blackberry is a fruit recognized by its health benefits associated with its high content of bioactive compounds. However, it is also one of the most perishable fruits because it does not have a protective cuticle, and it shows high respiration and ethylene production rates. Furthermore, it is susceptible to microbiological attacks. During harvest and commercialization, the highest percentage of losses is caused by factors such as the maturity stage, harvest practices and containers, and marketing packages. The current work aims at studying the effect of the package on fruit quality, for which the harvested fruits were placed in clamshells, traditional wooden and plastic crates with a capacity of 7 kg. The quality of the fruit was evaluated by counting in situ, damage by bruising, cuts, deformations, microbiological attacks, missing of the peduncle, and non-uniform pollination. Damage analysis included the evaluation of different regression models considering information criteria and significant parameters (P ≤ 0.05). The use of traditional packages led to higher damage from cuts and bruises. Although in clamshells there was a higher probability of finding healthy fruits, a proposal for its redesign is proposed to guarantee a better quality and shelf life of the Andean blackberry fruits.

Development and evaluation of edible films based on cassava starch, whey protein, and bees wax.

Films and edible coatings based on biopolymers have been developed as a packaging, which can be obtained from biodegradable materials and have properties similar to common plastics. These edible materials have many applications in the food industry, preventing mass transfer between the product and the surrounding environment. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the physicochemical and mechanical properties of edible films based on cassava starch (CS), whey protein (WP), and beeswax (BW). Response surface methodology has been used and the experiments were carried out based on face-centred composite design. On the other hand, three CS-based controls were formulated to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of WP and BW. The optimization of multiple responses established the optimal formulation: CS (3.17 %), WP (1.30 %), BW (0.50 %), presenting the following response variables: tensile stress (1.92 MPa), elongation (40.4 %), Young's modulus (42.1 MPa), water vapor permeability 1.79 × 10-11 (g mm/s cm2 Pa), swelling capacity (300.3 %), thickness (0.128 mm), moisture content (6.74 %), and colour: lightness (89.9), chromaticity a∗ (-1.8), chromaticity b∗ (7.7), saturation (9.9), tone (101.1°), and yellowness index (17.7). The selection and evaluation of this optimal formulation are essential because it is the material that shows the best possible mechanical and physicochemical properties using the studied components. The results, especially its good mechanical properties and low permeability to water vapour, would allow its application as a coating for fruits, vegetables, among others, effectively delaying its weight loss due to dehydration.

High-intensity ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from cowpea pods and its encapsulation in hydrogels.

Currently and according to the growing worldwide interest in the revaluation of agricultural by-products, the use of legumes waste presents great potential to obtain bioactive compounds. In this context, an extract rich in phenolic compounds was obtained from Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) pods by optimizing the high-intensity ultrasound conditions (10 min and 36% of amplitude) using response surface methodology. Then, the extract was encapsulated in Ca(II)-alginate beads with the addition of arabic or guar gums or cowpea isolated proteins. A complete morphological study by image analysis and microstructural evaluation by SAXS has been carried out. Results showed that beads containing alginate and alginate-guar gum have the highest loading efficiency of total phenolic compounds (47 ± 5%) and antioxidant activity (44 ± 3%). However, the coupled effect of the cowpea extract and the isolated proteins (at it higher concentration) increased the antioxidant capacity of the beads due to the contribution of the phenolic compounds and the amino acids with anti-radical activity, reaching a value of 67 ± 3 % of inhibition of ABTS.+. Finally, the microstructural analyses revealed that cowpea pod extract increased the interconnectivity of the rods due to the presence of trivalent cations, conferring versatility, and larger coordination to the network. Also, it was observed that the addition of cowpea proteins produced more interconnected bigger and fewer compacts rods than beads containing only alginate, increasing 12 and 49 % the interconnection and the size, respectively, and decreasing 10 % their compactness. This research demonstrated the use of cowpea sub-products as a source of bioactive compounds that further modulate the microstructure of the hydrogel network, and the outstanding potential for being incorporated in techno-functional foods by using Ca(II)-alginate as a carrier.