Oral Immunotherapy With Egg and Milk: Changes in Peripheral Serum Cytokines Are Not Predictive Factors for Severe Adverse Reactions or for the Final Report.

BACKGROUND: Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a new approach in patients with food allergy. Various immunological mechanisms underlie the reversal of food allergy. In this paper, we study possible changes in peripheral cytokine patterns during OIT. METHODS: Determinations of cytokines in peripheral blood were made in children who had milk or egg allergy and who received OIT. The determinations were made before and after OIT, and again following a final repeat oral challenge a month after a diet excluding the culprit food. RESULTS: No significant changes were registered in the cytokines studied (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IFNγ, and TNF) at any of the 3 time points. Similarly, no differences in cytokine pattern were observed between children who had presented anaphylaxis during OIT and those who overcame or did not overcome the final oral challenge. DISCUSSION: Peripheral cytokines do not undergo significant changes during the OIT process. They are not predictors of serious adverse reactions or the final result of the OIT.

Oral immunotherapy with egg and milk: changes in peripheral serum cytokines are not predictive factors for severe adverse reactions or for the final report

Introduction: Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a new approach in patients with food allergy. Various immunological mechanisms underlie the reversal of food allergy. In this paper, we study possible changes in peripheral cytokine patterns during OIT. Methods: Determinations of cytokines in peripheral blood were made in children who had milk or egg allergy and who received OIT. The determinations were made before and after OIT, and again following a final repeat oral challenge a month after a diet excluding the culprit food. Results: No significant changes were registered in the cytokines studied (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IFNγ, and TNF) at any of the 3 time points. Similarly, no differences in cytokine pattern were observed between children who had presented anaphylaxis during OIT and those who overcame or did not overcome the final oral challenge. Discussion: Peripheral cytokines do not undergo significant changes during the OIT process. They are not predictors of serious adverse reactions or the final result of the OIT (AU)

Introducción: Se ha introducido la inmunoterapia oral frente a alimentos como una nueva terapia en pacientes con alergia alimentaria. Diferentes mecanismos inmunológicos han sido descritos en un intento de explicar la reversibilidad de esta situación de alergia alimentaria. En este artículo, estudiamos los posibles cambios en el patrón de citoquinas en sangre periférica a lo largo del proceso de la inmunoterapia oral. Métodos: Se realizó determinación de citokinas en sangre periférica en tantos niños con alergia a leche o huevo que realizaron inmunoterapia oral. Las determinaciones se realizaron tanto de forma previa como tras la finalización de la OIT, así como tras una reprovocación final, un mes después de seguir una dieta exenta del alimento implicado. Resultados: No se registraron cambios significativos en las citokinas estudiadas (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IFNγ y TNF) entre ninguna de las tres determinaciones temporales. Tampoco existieron diferencias en el patrón de citokinas entre los niños que habían presentado anafilaxias durante la OIT ni entre los que superaron o no superaron la provocación final. Discusión: Las citokinas periféricas no sufren cambios significativos a lo largo del proceso de OIT. No son factores predictivos de reacciones adversas graves ni del resultado final de la OIT (AU)

Sección de Urgencias de Pediatría y Cuidados Intensivos pediátricos: Atención infantil integral ambulatoria y atención al paciente crítico / Pediatric Emergency and Pediatric Intensive Care Section: Comprehensive outpatient child care and critical patient care

El documento presenta la situación de la Sección de Urgencias-Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (CIP). Tras una introducción que pretende enmarcar la sección en su contexto histórico y demográfico, se describe la misión, visión, valores y la cartera de servicios de la sección. Posteriormente se detalla la actividad asistencial, la labor docente y los proyectos y líneas de investigación. Para finalizar, se explica brevemente nuestro compromiso con la calidad y seguridad del paciente y nuestras líneas estratégicas para la integración con atención primaria (AU)

The paper presents the status of the Section of Emergency-CIP. Alter an introductory section aims to frame the historical and demographic background, mission, vision, values and the range 01 services described in section. Subsequently those services, the teaching and research projects and detailed lines. To conclude briefly describes our commitment to quality and patient safety and lar our strategic integration lines with primary care (AU)

Características epidemiológicas y factores de riesgo de los episodios aparentemente letales / Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for apparent life-threatening events

Introducción: Aportar nuestra experiencia en la aplicación de un protocolo en nuestro servicio de urgencias de pediatría (SUP) en los episodios aparentemente letales (EAL), conocer su incidencia, su perfil epidemiológico y el rendimiento de las pruebas complementarias (PC) realizadas. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio prospectivo de casos y controles, de aplicación de un protocolo a lactantes menores de 12 meses que acudieron del 01/06/06 al 31/05/07 con historia de EAL. Se realizaron distintas PC en función de la clínica e historia. Todos ingresaron un mínimo de 12h. Se realizó una entrevista telefónica a los 12 meses. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 50 casos con una incidencia de 5 por cada 1.000 recién nacidos (RN) vivos. La edad fue de 8,46±8,7 semanas. Respecto a los controles hubo significativamente más primogénitos y con antecedentes de alteración del comportamiento. La exploración fue anormal en 13 y 6 presentaron recurrencia en el SUP. Cuarenta y uno (82%) tuvieron alterada alguna PC, pero sólo en 8 contribuyeron al diagnóstico. Veintinueve (58%) fueron idiopáticos y 21 (42%) fueron secundarios. Éstos tuvieron de forma significativa mayor incidencia de tabaquismo materno, edad>12 semanas y exploración alterada. Cuatro recidivaron las semanas posteriores, y uno presentó el síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante (SMSL). A los 12 meses, los casos tuvieron de forma significativa mayor incidencia de vómitos recurrentes, espasmos del sollozo, retraso psicomotor y pondoestatural. Conclusiones: La incidencia fue del 5‰ RN vivos. Fueron más frecuentemente primogénitos o presentaron anomalías en el comportamiento las semanas previas o a los 12 meses. El 42% tuvo un diagnóstico secundario que se asoció a edad >12 semanas, tabaquismo materno y exploración alterada en el SUP. Una lactante presentó un SMSL. Las PC realizadas en el SUP tuvieron un escaso rendimiento (AU)

Introduction: To report our experience with a guideline approach for the assessment of apparent life-threatening events (ALTE) in our pediatric emergency departments (PED), to know their incidence, epidemiological characteristics and the yield of laboratory investigations (LI). Patients and methods: Prospective, case-control study of a guideline approach for infants under age 12 months who suffered an ALTE between 01/06/06 and 31/05/07 and were attended at our PEDs. We ordered LI as a function of the clinical history. All the cases were admitted for a minimum of 12h. We conducted a telephone interview at 12 months. Results: Fifty ALTE were included, corresponding to an incidence of 5‰ live births. The median age was 8.46±8.7 weeks. Compared to controls they had significantly more primogenits and previous behavioral abnormalities. Only 13 presented significant abnormalities at examination, and 6 had recurrent ALTE at the PED. LI were abnormal in 41 (82%), but only in 8 cases did they contribute to a secondary diagnosis. There were 29 idiopathic ALTE (58%). Twenty one (42%) had associated conditions, who had smoked significantly more during pregnancy, age older than 12 weeks and abnormalities at examination. Four had recurrence of the episodes: one suffered a sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). At 12 months the cases had a significantly higher incidence of recurrent vomiting, breath holding spells and weight-psychomotor retardation. Conclusions: The ALTE incidence was 5‰ live births. Primogenits and/or behavioral abnormalities were most frequent during the first weeks after birth and/or thereafter at 12 months of age. A total of 42% had a related diagnosis: associated with age older than 12 weeks, maternal smoking habits and abnormalities at examination. There was one case of SIDS. Laboratory investigations had a low yield (AU)

[Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for apparent life-threatening events]. / Características epidemiológicas y factores de riesgo de los episodios aparentemente letales.

INTRODUCTION: To report our experience with a guideline approach for the assessment of apparent life-threatening events (ALTE) in our pediatric emergency departments (PED), to know their incidence, epidemiological characteristics and the yield of laboratory investigations (LI). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective, case-control study of a guideline approach for infants under age 12 months who suffered an ALTE between 01/06/06 and 31/05/07 and were attended at our PEDs. We ordered LI as a function of the clinical history. All the cases were admitted for a minimum of 12h. We conducted a telephone interview at 12 months. RESULTS: Fifty ALTE were included, corresponding to an incidence of 5 per thousand live births. The median age was 8.46+/-8.7 weeks. Compared to controls they had significantly more primogenits and previous behavioral abnormalities. Only 13 presented significant abnormalities at examination, and 6 had recurrent ALTE at the PED. LI were abnormal in 41 (82%), but only in 8 cases did they contribute to a secondary diagnosis. There were 29 idiopathic ALTE (58%). Twenty one (42%) had associated conditions, who had smoked significantly more during pregnancy, age older than 12 weeks and abnormalities at examination. Four had recurrence of the episodes: one suffered a sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). At 12 months the cases had a significantly higher incidence of recurrent vomiting, breath holding spells and weight-psychomotor retardation. CONCLUSIONS: The ALTE incidence was 5 per thousand live births. Primogenits and/or behavioral abnormalities were most frequent during the first weeks after birth and/or thereafter at 12 months of age. A total of 42% had a related diagnosis: associated with age older than 12 weeks, maternal smoking habits and abnormalities at examination. There was one case of SIDS. Laboratory investigations had a low yield.

[Vertical transmission of hepatitis B]. / Hepatitis B de transmisión vertical.

Five cases of perinatal HBV infections of vertical transmission (mother-child) are reported. The authors comments the most important clinical and epidemiological characteristics of this way of transmission in paediatrics patients and emphasized the interest that has the screening in pregnant women. Finally, the guide-lines of neonatal prophylaxis recommended is described.