Ultrasound evaluation of diaphragm function in patients with cervical spinal cord injury: case report

Abstract Ultrasound evaluation of diaphragm function allows the detection of diaphragm dysfunction and the adaptation of ventilatory support in patients admitted to intensive care units. The studied patient had a C3 spinal cord injury. Ultrasound evaluation of diaphragm mobility showed that the patient suffered diaphragm dysfunction. A tracheotomy was indicated, and early ventilatory support was initiated. Ultrasound evaluation of diaphragm function in patients with cervical spinal cord injury is a useful and simple technique. It provides fast and reliable data for the diagnosis of respiratory insufficiency of neuromuscular origin.

Cardiac output and the pharmacology of general anesthetics: a narrative review

The relationship between cardiac output and anesthetic drugs is important to anesthesiologists, since cardiac output determines the speed with which a drug infused into the bloodstream reaches its target and the intensity of the drug's effect. But rather than focus on how anesthetic drugs affect cardiac output, this narrative review focuses on how changes in cardiac output affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of general anesthetics during the three phases of anesthesia. At induction, an increase in cardiac output shortens both the onset time of propofol for hypnosis and the neuromuscular blocking effect of rapid-acting neuromuscular blockers, favoring the conditions for rapid sequence intubation. During maintenance, changes in cardiac output are followed by opposite changes in the drug plasma concentration of anesthetic drugs. Thus, an increase in cardiac output followed by a decrease in the plasma concentration of the anesthetic could expose the patient to a real risk of intraoperative awakening, which can be avoided by increasing the dose of hypnotic drugs. At emergence, an increase in cardiac output secondary to an increase in pC02 allows for a more rapid recovery from anesthesia. The pC02 can be increased by adding CO2 to the respiratory circuit, lowering the ventilatory rate, or placing the patient on partial rebreathing. Finally, the reversal action of sugammadex for rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block can be shortened by increasing the cardiac output.

La relación entre el gasto cardíaco y los fármacos anestésicos es importante para los anestesiólogos puesto que el gasto cardíaco determina la velocidad con la cual un medicamento que se infunde al torrente sanguíneo llega a su diana y la intensidad del efecto del agente. Pero en lugar de concentrarnos en cómo los fármacos anestésicos afectan el gasto cardíaco, esta revisión narrativa se enfoca en cómo los cambios en el gasto cardíaco afectan la farmacocinética y la farmacodinámica de los agentes anestésicos generales durante las tres fases de la anestesia. En el momento de la inducción, un incremento en el gasto cardíaco acorta tanto el tiempo de inicio del efecto del propofol para la hipnosis como el efecto del bloqueo neuromuscular causado por los bloqueadores neuromusculares de acción rápida, favoreciendo las condiciones para la intubación de secuencia rápida. Durante la fase de mantenimiento, los cambios en el gasto cardíaco vienen seguidos de cambios opuestos en la concentración plasmática del medicamento de los agentes anestésicos. Por lo tanto, un aumento del gasto cardíaco, seguido de una reducción en la concentración plasmática del anestésico, podría exponer al paciente a un riesgo real de despertar intraoperatorio, lo cual puede evitarse aumentando la dosis de los fármacos hipnóticos. En la educción, un aumento en el gasto cardíaco secundario al incremento en el pCO2 permite una recuperación más rápida de la anestesia. El pCO2 puede aumentar agregando CO2 al circuito de la respiración, reduciendo la tasa ventilatoria, o colocando al paciente en re-inhalación parcial. Finalmente, la acción de reversión de sugammadex en caso de bloqueo neuromuscular inducido por rocuronio, puede acortarse aumentando el gasto cardíaco.

Ultrasound evaluation of diaphragm function in patients with cervical spinal cord injury: case report.

Ultrasound evaluation of diaphragm function allows the detection of diaphragm dysfunction and the adaptation of ventilatory support in patients admitted to intensive care units. The studied patient had a C3 spinal cord injury. Ultrasound evaluation of diaphragm mobility showed that the patient suffered diaphragm dysfunction. A tracheotomy was indicated, and early ventilatory support was initiated. Ultrasound evaluation of diaphragm function in patients with cervical spinal cord injury is a useful and simple technique. It provides fast and reliable data for the diagnosis of respiratory insufficiency of neuromuscular origin.

Assessment of glomerular and tubular function to guide fluid management in a pre-eclamptic critical patient with oliguria and volume overload: case report.

Oliguria in the setting of critically ill patients is usually treated by admini-stering fluids and furosemide [1]. Invasive therapies, namely renal replacement therapies (RRT), are reserved for patients in whom less invasive measures have failed [2], especially if acute pulmonary oedema complicates the clinical picture [1]. Intravascular volume depletion elicits a kidney response consisting of augmented sodium retention at Henle's loop and water at the collecting tubules. In such conditions, loop diuretics such as furosemide would be less effective to improve diuresis and water loss than osmotic diuretics such as mannitol [3, 4]. This case report aims to highlight the utility of the assessment of the glomerular and tubular functions to identify an ineffective diuretic strategy and to select a successful one, which prevented the use of invasive RRT. A 33-year-old female patient suffering from preeclampsia (gestational age was 35 + 6 weeks) was admitted to our Post-surgical Intensive Care Unit (PICU) after an urgent caesarean section performed under spinal anaesthesia, without further incidents.

Serum and Serum Albumin Inhibit in vitro Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs).

The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is an immune defense mechanism of neutrophilic granulocytes. Moreover, it is also involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases. For that reason, the process of NET formation (NETosis) is subject of intense ongoing research. In vitro approaches to quantify NET formation are commonly used and involve neutrophil stimulation with various activators such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), or calcium ionophores (CaI). However, the experimental conditions of these experiments, particularly the media and media supplements employed by different research groups, vary considerably, rendering comparisons of results difficult. Here, we present the first standardized investigation of the influence of different media supplements on NET formation in vitro. The addition of heat-inactivated (hi) fetal calf serum (FCS), 0.5% human serum albumin (HSA), or 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) efficiently prevented NET formation of human neutrophils following stimulation with LPS and CaI, but not after stimulation with PMA. Thus, serum components such as HSA, BSA and hiFCS (at concentrations typically found in the literature) inhibit NET formation to different degrees, depending on the NETosis inducer used. In contrast, in murine neutrophils, NETosis was inhibited by FCS and BSA, regardless of the inducer employed. This shows that mouse and human neutrophils have different susceptibilities toward the inhibition of NETosis by albumin or serum components. Furthermore, we provide experimental evidence that albumin inhibits NETosis by scavenging activators such as LPS. We also put our results into the context of media supplements most commonly used in NET research. In experiments with human neutrophils, either FCS (0.5-10%), heat-inactivated (hiFCS, 0.1-10%) or human serum albumin (HSA, 0.05-2%) was commonly added to the medium. For murine neutrophils, serum-free medium was used in most cases for stimulation with LPS and CaI, reflecting the different sensitivities of human and murine neutrophils to media supplements. Thus, the choice of media supplements greatly determines the outcome of experiments on NET-formation, which must be taken into account in NETosis research.

Control of Integrin Affinity by Confining RGD Peptides on Fluorescent Carbon Nanotubes.

Integrins are transmembrane receptors that mediate cell-adhesion, signaling cascades and platelet-mediated blood clotting. Most integrins bind to the common short peptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD). The conformational freedom of the RGD motif determines how strong and to which integrins it binds. Here, we present a novel approach to tune binding constants by confining RGD peptide motifs via noncovalent adsorption of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) anchors onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Semiconducting SWCNTs display fluorescence in the near-infrared (nIR) region and are versatile fluorescent building blocks for imaging and biosensing. The basic idea of this approach is that the DNA adsorbed on the SWCNT surface determines the conformational freedom of the RGD motif and affects binding affinities. The RGD motif was conjugated to different ssDNA sequences in both linear ssDNA-RGD and bridged ssDNA-RGD-ssDNA geometries. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show that the RGD motif in all the synthesized systems is mostly exposed to solvent and thus available for binding, but its flexibility depends on the exact geometry. The affinity for the human platelet integrin αIIbß3 could be modulated up to 15-fold by changing the ssDNA sequence. IC50 values varied from 309 nM for (C)20-RGD/SWCNT hybrids to 29 nM for (GT)15-RGD/SWCNT hybrids. When immobilized onto surface adhesion of epithelial cells increased 6-fold for (GT)15-RGD/SWCNTs. (GT)15-RGD/SWCNTs also increased the number of adhering human platelets by a factor of 4.8. Additionally, αIIbß3 integrins on human platelets were labeled in the nIR by incubating them with these ssDNA-peptide/SWCNT hybrids. In summary, we show that ssDNA-peptide hybrid structures noncovalently adsorb onto SWCNTs and serve as recognition units for cell surface receptors such as integrins. The DNA sequence affects the overall RGD affinity, which is a versatile and straightforward approach to tune binding affinities. In combination with the nIR fluorescence properties of SWCNTs, these new hybrid materials promise many applications in integrin targeting and bioimaging.

Diagnóstico ecográfico de la insuficiencia respiratoria postoperatoria aguda tras timectomía / Role of ecography in diagnostic of postoperative acute respiratory failure after timectomy / Diagnóstico ultrassonográfico da insuficiência respiratória aguda pós-operatória após timectomia

Resumen: La miastenia gravis es una enfermedad autoinmune que puede alterar las capacidades físicas de los pacientes. La timectomía es una de las opciones terapéuticas. Su postoperatorio puede ser complicado por la propia enfermedad o por lesiones intraoperatorias de estructuras nerviosas. Presentamos a una mujer de 66 años intervenida de timectomía por timoma que causa miastenia gravis. Durante la intervención se reseca el nervio frénico izquierdo. En el postoperatorio inmediato presenta insuficiencia respiratoria aguda, por lo que se realiza ecografía pulmonar anodina y ecografía diafragmática que muestra fracción de acortamiento de 10% en el lado derecho y ausencia de contractilidad en el lado izquierdo. La paciente precisó ventilación mecánica no invasiva durante seis días y traqueotomía para avanzar en el destete respiratorio, siendo dada de alta a planta finalmente en respiración espontánea con cánula fenestrada por traqueotomía. La ecografía diafragmática supone una técnica diagnóstica disponible a la cabecera del paciente, útil en situaciones urgentes gracias a su rápida realización y a que complementa la valoración clínica en el diagnóstico de la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda postquirúrgica.

Abstract: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease that can alter the physical abilities of patients. Thymectomy is one of the therapeutic options. The postoperatory may be complicated by the disease itself or by intraoperative lesions of nerve structures. Case of 66-year-old woman with myasthenia gravis undergoing thymectomy. The left phrenic nerve was resected. In the immediate postoperative period, the patient presented acute respiratory failure. A lung ultrasound is performed, being anodyne. The diaphragmatic ultrasound proved a 10% of thickening fraction on the right side and absence of contractility on the left side. The patient required non-invasive mechanical ventilation for six days, tracheotomy was performed to succeed the respiratory weaning. The patient was transferred to ward in spontaneous ventilation. The diaphragmatic ultrasound is a useful and portable diagnostic technique, mainly in urgent situations due to the rapidity of its implementation. It complements the clinical assessment in the diagnosis of acute postoperative respiratory failure.

Resumo: A miastenia gravis é uma doença auto-imune que pode alterar as capacidades físicas dos pacientes. A timectomia é uma das opções de tratamento. O pós-operatório pode ser complicado pela própria doença ou por lesões intra-operatória de estruturas nervosas. Apresentamos uma mulher de 66 anos submetida a timectomia por timoma que causa miastenia gravis. Durante a cirurgia, o nervo frênico esquerdo é ressecado. No pós-operatório imediato, a paciente apresentou insuficiência respiratória aguda, de modo que foram realizadas uma ultrassonografia pulmonar anódino e ecografia diafragmática, mostrando uma fração de encurtamento de 10% no lado direito e ausência de contratilidade no lado esquerdo. A paciente requeriu de ventilação mecânica não invasiva por 6 dias e a realização de uma traqueotomia para avançar no desmame respiratório, sendo dada de alta da UTI respirando espontâneamente com uma cânula de traqueostomia fenestrada. O ultrassom diafragmático é uma técnica de diagnóstico disponível à beira do leito, útil em situações urgentes devido à rapidez do seu desempenho e que complementa a avaliação clínica no diagnóstico de insuficiência respiratória aguda pós-operatória.

Membrane tension increases fusion efficiency of model membranes in the presence of SNAREs.

The large gap in time scales between membrane fusion occurring in biological systems during neurotransmitter release and fusion observed between model membranes has provoked speculations over a large number of possible factors that might explain this discrepancy. One possible reason is an elevated lateral membrane tension present in the presynaptic membrane. We investigated the tension-dependency of fusion using model membranes equipped with a minimal fusion machinery consisting of syntaxin 1, synaptobrevin and SNAP 25. Two different strategies were realized; one based on supported bilayers and the other one employing sessile giant liposomes. In the first approach, isolated patches of planar bilayers derived from giant unilamellar vesicles containing syntaxin 1 and preassembled SNAP 25 (ΔN-complex) were deposited on a dilatable PDMS sheet. In a second approach, lateral membrane tension was controlled through the adhesion of intact giant unilamellar vesicles on a functionalized surface. In both approaches fusion efficiency increases considerably with lateral tension and we identified a threshold tension of 3.4 mN m-1, at which the number of fusion events is increased substantially.

Nanosensors for neurotransmitters.

Neurotransmitters are an important class of messenger molecules. They govern chemical communication between cells for example in the brain. The spatiotemporal propagation of these chemical signals is a crucial part of communication between cells. Thus, the spatial aspect of neurotransmitter release is equally important as the mere time-resolved measurement of these substances. In conclusion, without tools that provide the necessary spatiotemporal resolution, chemical signaling via neurotransmitters cannot be studied in greater detail. In this review article we provide a critical overview about sensors/probes that are able to monitor neurotransmitters. Our focus are sensing concepts that provide or could in the future provide the spatiotemporal resolution that is necessary to 'image' dynamic changes of neurotransmitter concentrations around cells. These requirements set the bar for the type of sensors we discuss. The sensor must be small enough (if possible on the nanoscale) to provide the envisioned spatial resolution and it should allow parallel (spatial) detection. In this article we discuss both optical and electrochemical concepts that meet these criteria. We cover techniques that are based on fluorescent building blocks such as nanomaterials, proteins and organic dyes. Additionally, we review electrochemical array techniques and assess limitations and possible future directions.

Collective behavior of Dictyostelium discoideum monitored by impedance analysis.

Dictyostelium discoideum cells respond to periodic signals of extracellular cAMP by collective changes of cell-cell and cell-substrate contacts. This was confirmed by dielectric analysis employing electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) and impedance measurements involving cell-filled micro channels in conjunction with optical microscopy providing a comprehensive picture of chemotaxis under conditions of starvation.

Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium discoideum: collective oscillation of cellular contacts.

Chemotactic responses of Dictyostelium discoideum cells to periodic self-generated signals of extracellular cAMP comprise a large number of intricate morphological changes on different length scales. Here, we scrutinized chemotaxis of single Dictyostelium discoideum cells under conditions of starvation using a variety of optical, electrical and acoustic methods. Amebas were seeded on gold electrodes displaying impedance oscillations that were simultaneously analyzed by optical video microscopy to relate synchronous changes in cell density, morphology, and distance from the surface to the transient impedance signal. We found that starved amebas periodically reduce their overall distance from the surface producing a larger impedance and higher total fluorescence intensity in total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Therefore, we propose that the dominant sources of the observed impedance oscillations observed on electric cell-substrate impedance sensing electrodes are periodic changes of the overall cell-substrate distance of a cell. These synchronous changes of the cell-electrode distance were also observed in the oscillating signal of acoustic resonators covered with amebas. We also found that periodic cell-cell aggregation into transient clusters correlates with changes in the cell-substrate distance and might also contribute to the impedance signal. It turned out that cell-cell contacts as well as cell-substrate contacts form synchronously during chemotaxis of Dictyostelium discoideum cells.

Estudio de la actividad fermentativa de Hansenula anomala y producción de compuestos químicos de importancia sensorial / Study of the fermentative activity of Hansenula anomala and production of chemical compounds of sensory importance

Se ha estudiado la actividad fermentativa de Hansenula anomala RIVE 7-1-5 con el objetivo de evaluar la producción de compuestos químicos de importancia sensorial. Los resultados mostraron que fermenta bien monosacáridos y también sucrosa y maltosa. Su actividad fermentativa es inhibida a concentraciones de 100,0mg/L de metabisulfito de sodio en el medio. Además, es capaz de producir 5,81±0,1 % v/v de etanol. La agitación del medio de cultivo incrementa la producción de alcoholes superiores (679,2 mg/L) y etil acetato (206,0±8,0 mg/L), por el contrario disminuye la producción de ácido acético (196,0±7,0 mg/L). La producción de glicerol fue similiar tanto en cultivo estático (sin agitación) como agitado. Durante el cultivo batch en biorreactor a condiciones aireadas la tasa de crecimiento (µ) alcanzó el valor de 0,13 h-1 y se observó la producción de ácido acético hasta 4,2±0,3 g/L. La concentración de oxígeno en el medio afecta su metabolismo, así cantidades insuficientes de oxígeno provocaría un metabolismo respirofermentativo con la producción de etanol, alcoholes superiores, ésteres y ácido acético. El control de la aireación al medio de fermentación es una herramienta útil para controlar el balance entre la actividad respiratoria y fermentativa y así la síntesis de compuestos de importancia sensorial en la producción de bebidas fermentadas no tradicionales.

The fermentative behaviour of Hansenula anomala RIVE 7-1-5 was studied in order to evaluate the production of chemical compounds of sensory importance. The results demonstrated that the strain ferments very well monosaccharides and also sucrose and maltose. Its fermentative activity was inhibited at concentrations of 100 mg/L of sodium metabisulphite in the medium. Furthermore, it was able to produce 5,81±0,1% (v/v) of ethanol. Agitation of the culture medium increases the production of higher alcohols (679,2 mg/L) and ethyl acetate (206,0±8,0 mg/L), but on the contrary affects the production of acetic acid (196,0±7,0mg/L). Glycerol production was similar in static (without agitation) and shaken cultivation. During batch cultivation carried out in biorreactor under aerated conditions the growth rate (µ) reached value of 0,13 h-1 and, it was also observed production of acetic acid at levels of 4,2±0,3 g/L. The oxygen concentration in the medium affects its metabolism, thus insufficient amounts of oxygen would provoke a respirofermentative metabolism with production of ethanol, higher alcohols, esters and acetic acid. The control of aeration during fermentation is a useful tool to control the balance between the respiratory and fermentative activity and thus; synthesis of compounds of sensory importance in the production of non-traditional fermented beverages.

Actividad fermentativa de Hanseniaspora uvarum y su importancia en la producción de bebidas fermentadas / Fermentative activity of Hanseniaspora uvarum and its importance in production of fermented beverages

Se estudió la actividad fermentativa de Hanseniaspora uvarum RIVE 6-2-2 con el objetivo de evaluar su importancia en los procesos de producción de bebidas fermentadas. La cepa se cultivó en frascos Erlenmeyer conteniendo jugo de manzana esterilizado y sin aroma, y se determinaron los compuestos químicos de importancia sensorial producidos durante la fermentación en cultivo agitado (200 min-1) y estático (sin agitación). Los resultados mostraron que la cepa fue capaz de producir etanol hasta 4,02±0,1v/v% en cultivo estático a 28 °C. La agitación del medio de cultivo incrementó la producción de alcoholes superiores (hasta 488,2 mg/L) y ácido acético (468,0±10,2 mg/L) comparado al cultivo estático, mientras que por el contrario, la producción de etil acetato y glicerol (189,0±12,0 mg/L y 3,2±0,3 g/L) resultó ser mayor que en cultivo agitado (142,0±8,0 mg/L y 2,3±0,25 g/L) respectivamente. Cultivos bacth realizados adicionalmente reportaron una tasa de crecimiento (μ) de 0,05 h-1 y producción de pequeñas cantidades de compuestos típicamente encontrados en la fermentación alcohólica. Los mejores resultados, en términos de calidad organoléptica (aroma, sabor y olor), se obtuvieron en la fermentación en cultivo estático. El control de la aireación del medio de fermentación es una herramienta importante para controlar la síntesis de compuestos de importancia sensorial en la producción de bebidas fermentadas.

The fermentation activity of Hanseniaspora uvarum RIVE 6-2-2 was studied with the purpose of evaluating its importance in the production process of fermented beverages. The strain was cultured in Erlenmeyer flasks, which contained sterilized and odorless apple juice, and the chemical compounds of sensorial importance produced during fermentation in shaken (200 min-1), and static (without shaking) cultures at 28 ºC were determined. The results showed that the strains were capable of producing ethanol up to 4.20±0.1v/v% in static cultures at 28 ºC. Shaking of the culture medium increased the superior alcohol production (up to 488.2 mg/L) and acetic acid (468.0± 10.2 mg/L), when compared with the static culture; on the other hand, the production of ethyl acetate and glycerol (189.0±12.0 mg/L and 3.2±0.3 g/L) was higher in static than in shaken cultures (142.0±8.0 mg/L and 2.3±0.25 g/L), respectively. Additional batch cultures reported a growth rate (µ) of 0.05 h-1 and production of small amounts of compounds typically found in alcoholic fermentation. The best results, in terms of organoleptic qualities (aroma, taste and smell), were found in the static culture fermentation. The aeration control of the fermentation medium is an important tool for controlling the synthesis of sensorial importance compounds in the production of fermented beverages.

Producción de acido láctico por Lactobacillus plantarum L10 en cultivos batch y continuo / Production of lactic acid by Lactobacillus plantarum L10 on batch and continuous cultivation

Se ha ensayado a escala de laboratorio la cepa Lactobacillus plantarum L10, para la producción de ácido láctico en cultivos batch y continuo; además se ha optimizado la composición del medio y las condiciones de cultivo para este propósito. Los mejores parámetros de producción de ácido láctico encontrados en cultivo batch fueron los siguientes: YP/S 86,1 por ciento; PP 5,4 g/L/h; unido a YX/S 13,2 por ciento; PX 1,2 g/L/h y n = 0,2 h-1, el cultivo se ha llevado a cabo en un medio conteniendo glucosa 70 g/L; extracto de levadura 12,1 g/L; KH2PO4 1,2 g/L; (NH4)2HPO4 1,2 g/L; citrato de amonio 3,0 g/L; MgSO4. 7H2O 0,3 g/L y MnSO4. 4H2O 0,03 g/L. Así mismo los mejores parámetros de producción de ácido láctico encontrados en cultivo continuo fueron los siguientes: YP/S 96 por ciento; P´P 6,0 g/L/h; unido a YX/S 19 por ciento; P´X 1,2 g/L/h; y tasa de dilución (D) 0,46 h-1.

Strain of Lactobacillus plantarum L10 was tested at laboratory scale, in order to evaluate the production of lactic acid on batch and continuous cultivation. Furthermore, optimization of culture medium and cultivation conditions were carried out too. The best parameters obtained for lactic acid production on batch cultivation were: YP/S 86,1 per cent; PP 5,4 g/L/h; joined to YX/S 13,2 per cent; PX 1,2 g/L/h and n = 0,2 h-1, the medium composition was as follows: glucose 70 g/L; yeast extract 12,1 g/L; KH2PO4 1,2 g/L; (NH4)2HPO4 1,2 g/L; ammonium citrate 3,0 g/L; MgSO4. 7H2O 0,3 g/L and MnSO4. 4H2O 0,03 g/L. Respecting to continuous cultivation the best parameters obtained for production of lactic acid were: YP/S 96 per cent; P´P 6,0 g/L/h; joined to YX/S 19 per cent; P´X 1,2 g/L/h; and dilution rate (D) 0,46 h-1.

Estudio preliminar de la producción de sustancias inhibidoras por bacterias lacticas aisladas de chicha de jora / Preliminary study of the production of inhibiting substances for lactic bacteria isolated of alcoholic maize drink of jora

From peruvian fermented beverages such as Chicha de Jora, there have been isolated several strains of lactc bacteria. After exploring ten strains we only got isolated Lactobacillus plantarum 1A as a producer of an antimicrobial substance that is neither an organic acid nor oxigenated water. Sach inhibitory substance was active against three strains Lactobacllus plantarum 2A, Lactobacillus vitulinus 6-13 and Lactobacillus buchneri 10. This inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 1A, could e importand for the coontrol of undesirable microbial flora during the process of the elaboration of the Chicha de Jora and it could be used as a preservant in food industry.

A partir de bebida fermentada del Perú, como la chicha de Jora, se han aislado varias cepas de bacterias lácticas. DE 10 cepas exploradas, sólo Lactobacillus plantarum 1A produjo una sustancia antimicrobiana que no es ácido orgánico ni agua oxigenada. Dicha sustancia inhibidora fue activa contra 3 cepas. Lactobacillus vitulinus 6-13 y Lactobacillus buchneri 10. Este efeto inhibitorio de Lactobacills pantarunm 1A podría ser importante para el control de la flora microbiana indeseable durante el proceso de la elaboración de la Chicha de Jora y ser utilizada como preservante en la industria alimentaria.

Aislamiento e identificación de bacterias lacticas asociadas a chicha de jora / Isolation and identifacación of lactic bacteria associated with alcoholic maize drink of jora

In enfermedad beverages such as Chicha de Jora, native beverage of Peru in addition to the yeasts there are found the wild acid lactic bacteria el metabolic and trophic role not yet recognized. Offourty samples of Chicha de Jora proceeding from Apurimac and Lambayeque, analized in the Man Rogosa Sharpe Medium have been identified sixty-seven strains of Lactic acid bacteria, finding Lactobaacillus plantarum in the most porcentage followed by Lactoabacillus brevis and Lactobacillus vitulinus.

En bebida fermentada en forma espontánea como la chicha de jora, bebida nativa de Perú, además de las levaduras, estan presentes las bacterias lácticas autóctonas de rol metabólico y trófico aún no revelados. De 40 muestras de chicha de jora procedentes de Apurímac y Lambayeque, analizado en el medio Man Rogosa Sharpe a pH 6.5, se han identificado 67 cepas de bactérias lacticas, encontrándose Lactobacillus plantarum en mayor porcentaje, seguida de Lactobacillus brevis y Lactobacillus vitulinus.