Perfil clínico e segurança precoce do TAVI e cirurgia de troca valvar aórtica: experiência de 5 anos em hospital terciário do SUS / Clinical profile and early safety of TAVI and aortic valve replacement surgery: 5-year experience in a tertiary hospital of SUS

INTRODUÇÃO: O implante transcateter de valva aórtica (TAVI) é opção de tratamento para pacientes (pts) idosos com estenose aórtica (EAo) e sintomáticos, de amplo espectro de risco cirúrgico. Apesar de realizado no Brasil há mais de 1 década, apenas recentemente o TAVI foi incorporado no SUS. Neste estudo, avaliamos o perfil de ptssubmetidos a cirurgia e TAVI em hospital terciário do SUS e os desfechos clínicos de segurança de ambos os procedimentos aos 30 dias. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, unicêntrico, com coleta de informações em base de dados própria. Selecionados todos os pts > 50 anos e portadores de EAo importante, consecutivamente submetidos a TAVI ou SAVR no período de 01/01/2018 a 31/12/22. Critérios de exclusão: pts submetidos a cirurgia de urgência, cirurgias combinadas (revascularização miocárdica, aorta ascendente ou outra valvopatia), pts com endocardite ativa e re-operações; excluídos casos de TAVI realizados por via não-femoral. Desfecho clínico de segurança definido conforme VARC-3, sendo composto por óbito, AVC, sangramentos VARC 3-4, complicação vascular ou cardíaca estrutural, insuficiência renal KDIGO >3, implante de marcapasso definitivo (MP), re-intervenção ou presença de insuficiência aórtica (IAo) > moderada. RESULTADOS: Incluídos 143 pts submetidos a TAVI e 181 a SAVR. Pts submetidos a TAVI eram mais idosos (77,8 ± 6,9 vs 65 ± 7,4 anos, p moderada foi mais frequente após TAVI (6,3% vs 1,7%, p=0,028). O desfecho composto de segurança ocorreu em 32 (22,4%) pts submetidos a TAVI e em 61 (33,7%) pts submetidos a SAVR (p=0,25). O tempo médio de internação pós-TAVI foi inferior ao observado após SAVR (3,5 ± 4,6 vs 11,6 ± 12,8 dias, p< 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Nesta série - que reflete o cenário atual em um hospital terciário do SUS -, o TAVI foi mais frequentemente indicado a pacientes octagenários, com mais comorbidades e com maior risco cirúrgico. A ocorrência de desfechos clínicos maiores como óbito e AVC foi similar entre os grupos. Contudo, a ocorrência do desfecho composto de segurança aos 30 dias foi inferior no grupo submetido a TAVI, com menor tempo de internação após o procedimento.

Independent Clinical and Echocardiographic Predictors of Restenosis After Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Commissurotomy in a Large, Consecutive Cohort Followed for 24 Years.

OBJECTIVE: To enlighten preprocedural risk factors of mitral valve restenosis in a large, single-center cohort of patients submitted to percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy (PMBC) for the treatment of mitral stenosis (MS) secondary to rheumatic heart disease. METHODS: This is a database analysis of a single-center, high-volume tertiary institution involving all consecutive PMBC procedures performed in the mitral valve (MV). Restenosis was diagnosed when MV area was <1.5 cm² and/or loss of 50% or more of the immediate procedural result aligned with the return/worsened symptoms of heart failure. The primary endpoint was to determine the preprocedural independent predictors of restenosis after PMBC. RESULTS: Among a total of 1921 PMBC procedures, 1794 consecutive patients without previous intervention were treated between 1987 and 2010. Throughout 24 years of follow-up, MV restenosis was observed in 483 cases (26%). Mean age was 36 years and most (87%) were female. Median follow-up duration was 9.03 years (interquartile range, 0.33-23.38). Restenosis population, however, presented a significantly lower age at the procedure time as well as a higher Wilkins-Block score. At multivariate analysis, independent preprocedure predictors of restenosis were left atrium diameter (hazard risk [HR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.05; P<.04), preprocedure maximum gradient (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.03; P=.04), and higher Wilkins-Block score (>8) (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.14-1.67; P<.01). CONCLUSIONS: At long-term follow-up, MV restenosis was observed in a quarter of the population undergoing PMBC. Preprocedure echocardiographic findings, including left atrial diameter, maximum MV gradient, and Wilkins-Block score were found to be the only independent predictors.

Independent clinical and echocardiographic predictors of restenosis after percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy in a large, consecutive cohort followed for 24 years

OBJECTIVES: to enlighten preprocedural risk factors of mitral valve restenosis in a large, single-center cohort of patients submitted to percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy (PMBC) for the treatment of mitral stenosis (MS) secondary to rheumatic heart disease. METHODS: this is a database analysis of a single-center, high-volume tertiary institution involving all consecutive PMBC procedures performed in the mitral valve (MV). Restenosis was diagnosed when MV area was <1.5 cm2 and/or loss of 50% or more of the immediate procedural result aligned with the return/worsened symptoms of heart failure. The primary endpoint was to determine the preprocedural independent predictors of restenosis after PMBC. Results: among a total of 1921 PMBC procedures, 1794 consecutive patients without previous intervention were treated between 1987 and 2010. Throughout 24 years of follow-up, MV restenosis was observed in 483 cases (26%). Mean age was 36 years and most (87%) were female. Median follow-up duration was 9.03 years (interquartile range, 0.33-23.38). Restenosis population, however, presented a significantly lower age at the procedure time as well as a higher Wilkins-Block score. At multivariate analysis, independent preprocedure predictors of restenosis were left atrium diameter (hazard risk [HR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.05; P<.04), preprocedure maximum gradient (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.03; P=.04), and higher Wilkins-Block score (>8) (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.14-1.67; P<.01). CONCLUSIONS: at long-term follow-up, MV restenosis was observed in a quarter of the population undergoing PMBC. Preprocedure echocardiographic findings, including left atrial diameter, maximum MV gradient, and Wilkins-Block score were found to be the only independent predictors.

Independent clinical and echocardiographic predictors of restenosis after percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy followed for 24 years

BACKGROUND: Mitral valve stenosis (MVS) is one of the most common structural heart diseases in developing countries, primarily due to rheumatic disease. Percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV) has been, since its introduction in 1984, the preferred option of treatment for such disease. However, restenosis is presented with an approximate incidence of 20%. Echocardiographic scoring of the mitral apparatus has been the main tool used to indicate and foresee the possible result of the procedure. The objective of this study was to enlight risk factors of mitral valvular restenosis in a significant number of patients submitted to percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy for the treatment of mitral stenosis (MS), particularly when secondary to rheumatic heart disease. METHODS: This study reports the vast experience of a single center high volume tertiary institution where 1.794 consecutive patients were treated with PMBC between 1987 and 2011. The primary endpoint was to determine the independent predictors of this untoward event, defined as loss of over 50% of the original increase in maximum valve area (MVA) or MVA< 1.5 cm2. RESULTS: Mitral valve restenosis was observed in 26% of the cases (n=483). Mean population age was 36 years old, with most patients being female (87%). Mean follow up duration was 4.8 years. At multivariate analysis independent pre-procedural predictors of restenosis were: left atrial diameter (HR: 1.03, 95% ci: 1.01-1.04, p<0.01), pre procedure maximum gradient (HR: 1.01, 95% ci: 1.00-1.03, p=0.02) and higher wilkins scores (HR: 1.37, 95% ci: 1.13-1.66, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: In the very long term follow-up, mitral valve restenosis was observed in a quarter of the population undergoing PMBC. Preprocedure echocardiographic findings, including left atrial diameter, maximum valve gradient and high Wilkins scores were found to be the only independent predictors of this deleterious event.

Long-term follow-up in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis and severe pulmonary artery hypertension submitted to percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy (PMBC) is an attractive therapeutic approach in patients with mitral stenosis. The aim of this study was to assess the immediate and long-term clinical, echocardiographic and haemodynamic outcomes of PMBC in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension (PH). METHODS: Among all procedures (in more than two decades of experience), PMBC was performed from 1987 until 2011 at a single-center in 147 patients who had significant PH defined as baseline pulmonary artery mean pressure (PAMP) (systolic pulmonary pressure > 75 mmHg). All-cause mortality, need for mitral valve replacement (MVR) or new PMBC, and valve restenosis were evaluated during follow-up yearly. RESULTS: Mean age was 33.8 ± 12.8 years and 83.6% (123 patients) were women. Primary success was achieved in 89.8% of the patients (132 patients). Mitral valve area (MVA) increased from 0.83 ± 0.17 cm2 to 2.03± 0.35 cm2 (p<0.001), and at 20-years, mitral valve area was 1.46± 0.34 cm2 (p=0.235). Systolic pulmonary artery pressure decreased from 87.0 ± 6.0 mmHg to 60.0 ± 0.9 mmHg (p<0.001) The rates of all-cause mortality, need for MVR, new PMV, and valve restenosis were 0.67%, 20.0%, 8.78% and 30.4%, respectively, in long-term follow- up (mean 15.6 ± 4.9 years). CONCLUSIONS: PMBC is a safe and effective technique for the treatment of patients with mitral stenosis and PH. A significant decrease in pulmonary pressure was observed after commissurotomy. Although there was a gradual decrease of MVA at long-term follow-up, most patients remained asymptomatic and without major adverse events.

Immediate and long-term predictor score of success after percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy (PMBC) remains the preferred treatment for patients with severe symptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) and suitable anatomy. The objective of this study was to propose a new score for the prediction of immediate and late success. METHODS. This is a retrospective, single-center, single-arm registry encompassing all 1915 consecutive patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis recruited and referred to PMBC between August 3rd 1987 and July 19th 2010. All data were previously collected and recorded in a dataset. Clinical status was determined according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification. Long-term outcome was a composite of incidence of major adverse cardiac events (cardiovascular death, new PMBC or mitral valve repair surgery) up to 24 years of clinical follow-up (from 1988 until December 3rd, 2011), including cardiovascular death, need for new PMBC, or mitral valve replacement surgery. RESULTS. Mean patient age was 36.8 ± 12.9 years, most (86.4%) were female, and Wilkins score was between 9-11 in 49.1% of patients. In the multivariate analysis, the predictors of immediate success were age (odds ratio [OR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96-0.99; p=0.01), left atrium size (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99; p=0.01), mean pre-procedure mitral gradient (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89-0.96; p<0.001), intermediate Wilkins score 9-11 (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40- 0.94; p=0.02), and high Wilkins score ≥12 (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.16-0.76; p<0.01). For prediction of late events, age (hazard ratio [HR], 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.98; p<0.001), New York Heart Association class III-IV (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.18-1.92; p<0.001), left atrium size (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.02-0.04; p<0.01), and high Wilkins score ≥12 (HR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.30-3.15; p<0.01) were significant. Two nomograms were developed using significant predictors from the model (one for immediate results and another for long-term results). CONCLUSIONS: In this large population, not only the Wilkins score, but also clinical and hemodynamic features, seem to be relevant in predicting immediate and late success for patients with rheumatic MS who underwent PMBC.

Preditores independentes de reestenose da valva mitral após valvoplastia mitral percutânea por balão em uma grande coorte consecutiva com seguimento clínico por mais de duas décadas / Independent predictors of mitral valve restenosis after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty in a large consecutive cohort with clinical follow-up for more than two decades

INTRODUÇÃO: A valvoplastia mitral percutânea com balão (VMPB), sempre que tecnicamente viável, é a opção de tratamento preferencial para a estenose mitral, particularmente aquelas secundárias à doença cardíaca reumática. No entanto, a reestenose valvar mitral pode se desenvolver em um número significativo de pacientes submetidos a esse procedimento, com fatores de risco ainda pouco claros para tal ocorrência. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi elucidar os fatores de risco da reestenose valvar mitral em um número significativo de pacientes submetidos à comissurotomia mitral percutânea por balão para tratamento da estenose mitral (EM), principalmente quando secundária à cardiopatia reumática. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma análise de centro único de uma coorte grande e consecutiva de pacientes tratados com VMP entre 1987 e 2010, que desenvolveram reestenose. O desfecho primário foi determinar os preditores independentes desse evento, definido como perda de mais de 50% do aumento original na área valvar mitral máxima (AVM) ou AVM menor que 1,5cm2. RESULTADOS: Um total de 1.794 pacientes consecutivos submetidos a VMP em um único centro, instituição terciária de alto volume, foram incluídos neste registro. Reestenose da valva mitral foi observada em 26% dos casos (n=483). A média de idade da população foi de 36 anos, com a maioria dos pacientes sendo do sexo feminino (87%). A duração média do acompanhamento foi de 4,8 anos. Na análise multivariada, os preditores independentes de reestenose foram: diâmetro atrial esquerdo [RR (risco relativo): 1,03; IC (intervalo de confiança) 95%: 1,01-1,04; p <0,01]; gradiente máximo pré-procedimento (RR: 1,01; IC 95%: 1,00-1,03; p=0,02) e Wilkinsscore > 8 (RR: 1,37; IC 95%: 1,13-1,66; p<0,01). CONCLUSÕES: No seguimento em longo prazo, a reestenose da valva mitral foi observada em até 25% da população submetida à VMP. Os achados ecocardiográficos pré-procedimento, incluindo o diâmetro do átrio esquerdo, o gradiente valvar máximo e o escore de Wilkins, foram os únicos preditores independentes desse desfecho desfavorável.

Seguimento a longo prazo de valvuloplastia mitral percutânea em pacientes com estenose reumática mitral e hipertensão arterial pulmonar grave / Long-term follow-up of percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension

INTRODUÇÃO: A hipertensão arterial pulmonar pode ser um fator de complicação em pacientes com estenose valvar reumática e que serão submetidos a valvuloplastia mitral percutânea por balão (VMPB), sendo esta uma abordagem terapêutica atraente em pacientes com estenose mitral de origem reumática. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os resultados imediatos e de longo prazo em pacientes com hipertensão pulmonar (HAP) submetidos à VMPB e estenose mitral (EM) reumática. MÉTODOS: Entre os 1.794 pacientes consecutivos, de 1987 a 2010, a VMP foi realizada em um único centro em 147 pacientes que tinham HAP significativa definida como pressão arterial média basal (pressão pulmonar sistólica > 75mmhg). Mortalidade por todas as causas, necessidade de substituição valvar mitral ou nova VMP e reestenose valvar foram avaliados durante o acompanhamento anual. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 33,8±12,8 anos e 83,6% (123 pacientes) eram mulheres. O sucesso foi alcançado em 89,8% dos pacientes (132 pacientes). A área valvar mitral (AVM) aumentou de 0,83±0,17cm2 para 2,03±0,35cm2 (p <0,001) e, aos 20 anos, a área valvar mitral foi de 1,46±0,34cm2 (p=0,235). A pressão sistólica da artéria pulmonar diminuiu de 87,0±6,0mmHg para 60,0±0,9mmHg (p <0,001) As taxas de mortalidade por todas as causas, necessidade de substituição da valva mitral, nova VMP e reestenose valvar foram de 0,67%, 20,0%, 8,78% e 30,4%, respectivamente, em seguimento a longo prazo (média de 15,6±4,9 anos). CONCLUSÕES: Observou-se que houve diminuição significativa da pressão arterial pulmonar após o procedimento e a VMPB é considerada segura e eficaz em pacientes com EM reumática. Embora tenha havido uma diminuição gradual da AVM a longo prazo, a maioria dos pacientes permaneceu assintomática e sem grandes eventos adversos.

Avaliação Geriátrica Ampla (AGA) como instrumento na decisão terapêutica de pacientes idosos com estenose valvar aórtica grave / Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (AGA) as a tool in the therapeutic decision of elderly patients with severe aortic valve stenosis

INTRODUÇÃO: A avaliação geriátrica ampla (AGA) otimiza a identificação de componentes cognitivos, psíquicos, funcionais, nutricionais e sociais que afetam a saúde do idoso, contribuindo para a predição de desfechos adversos e melhorando a decisão terapêutica. Sabe-se que, no perioperatório, a AGA é capaz de reduzir complicações pós-operatórias e tempo de internação. Assim, pode-se considerar seu uso como instrumento adicional na avaliação pré-operatória de cirurgias cardíacas, especialmente troca valvar aórtica. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a importância da AGA como instrumento na indicação de cirurgias cardíacas eletivas em idosos. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo e observacional, a partir de dados de prontuário, de outubro de 2018 a dezembro de 2021. Selecionados pacientes com 70 anos ou mais, estenose valvar aórtica (EAo) grave e indicação de intervenção, acompanhados em ambulatório e para os quais a AGA havia sido aplicada na pré-operatório. A AGA era composta por exame clínico, avaliação de comorbidades, fragilidade (Frail), funcionalidade (Katz e Lawton), risco de depressão, função cognitiva, suporte social e estado nutricional. Para estratificação do risco cirúrgico usou-se o EUROSCORE II. As variáveis quantitativas foram apresentadas em forma de média e desvio padrão, com valores expressos em percentuais. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 48 pacientes com EAo grave e indicação de intervenção. Observou-se idade média de 78,5 anos (+ 5,8), predomínio do sexo masculino (60%), área valvar média de 0,7cm² (+ 0,19) e classe funcional III em 28% dos casos. As comorbidades mais prevalentes foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica (80%) e diabetes melitos (42%). Polifarmácia identificada em 60% dos casos, fragilidade em 52%, funcionalidade comprometida em 28%, provável déficit cognitivo em 26%, risco nutricional em 33%, humor deprimido em 28% e risco de quedas em 36%. Risco social não identificado. EUROSCORE II de alto risco observado em 12% dos casos, apresentando relação positiva com fragilidade. Estes pacientes foram mantidos em tratamento clínico (50%) ou submetidos a procedimento percutâneo (TAVI - 50%). Os demais, de baixo ou intermediário risco, apresentaram fragilidade associada em 11% dos casos, sendo optado por tratamento clínico. Deste modo, observou-se que, na tomada de decisão, a avaliação de fragilidade prevaleceu em relação a avaliação de risco habitual. CONCLUSÃO: A AGA mostra-se como ferramenta auxiliar importante na avaliação pré-operatória de pacientes idosos com EAo grave, sendo determinante na escolha da melhor terapêutica.

Novel prognostic score for immediate and late success after percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy in patients with mitral stenosis

INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy (PMBC) remains the preferred treatment for patients with severe symptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) and suitable anatomy. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to propose a new score for the prediction of immediate and late success. METHODS: This is a retrospective, single-center, single-arm registry encompassing all 1915 consecutive patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis recruited and referred to PMBC between August 3rd 1987 and July 19th 2010. All data were previously collected and recorded in a dataset. Clinical status was determined according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification. Long-term outcome was a composite of incidence of major adverse cardiac events (cardiovascular death, new PMBC or mitral valve repair surgery) up to 24 years of clinical follow-up (from 1988 until December 3rd, 2011), including cardiovascular death, need for new PMBC, or mitral valve replacement surgery. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 36.8 ± 12.9 years, most (86.4%) were female, and Wilkins score was between 9-11 in 49.1% of patients. In the multivariate analysis, the predictors of immediate success were age (odds ratio [OR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96-0.99; p = 0.01), left atrium size (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99; p = 0.01), mean pre-procedure mitral gradient (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89-0.96; p < 0.001), intermediate Wilkins score 9-11 (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94; p = 0.02), and high Wilkins score ≥12 (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.16-0.76; p < 0.01). For prediction of late events, age (hazard ratio [HR], 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.98; p < 0.001), New York Heart Association class III-IV (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.18-1.92; p < 0.001), left atrium size (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.02-0.04; p < 0.01), and high Wilkins score ≥12 (HR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.30-3.15; p < 0.01) were significant. Two nomograms were developed using significant predictors from the model (one for immediate results and another for long-term results). CONCLUSIONS: In this large population, not only the Wilkins score, but also clinical and hemodynamic features, seem to be relevant in predicting immediate and late success for patients with rheumatic MS who underwent PMBC.

Independent mitral valve predictors of restenosis after percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy in a large, consecutive cohort followed for more than two decades

AIMS: the objective of this study was to enlight risk factors of mitral valvular restenosis in a significant number of patients submitted to percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy for the treatment of mitral stenosis (ms), particularly when secondary to rheumatic heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: this study reports the vast experience of a single center high volume tertiary institution where 1,794 consecutive patients were treated with PMBC between 1987 and 2011. the primary endpoint was to determine the independent predictors of this untoward event, defined as loss of over 50% of the original increase in maximum valve area (mva) or mva < 1.5 cm2. mitral valve restenosis was observed in 26% of the cases (n=483). average population age was 36 years old, with most patients being female (87%). mean follow up duration was 4.8 years. at multivariate analysis independent pre-procedural predictors of restenosis were: left atrial diameter (hr: 1.03, 95% ci: 1.01-1.04, p<0.01). pre procedure maximum gradient (hr: 1.01, 95% ci: 1.00-1.03, p=0.02) and higher wilkins scores (hr: 1.37, 95% ci: 1.13-1.66, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In the very long term follow-up, mitral valve restenosis was observed in a quarter of the population undergoing PMBC. Preprocedure echocardiographic findings, including left atrial diameter, maximum valve gradient and high wilkins scores were found to be the only indepen dent predictors of this deleterious event.

Long-term follow-up in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis and severe pulmonary artery hypertension submitted to percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy

AIMS: Percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy (PMBC) is an attractive therapeutic approach in patients with mitral stenosis. The aim of this study was to assess the immediate and long-term clinical, echocardiographic and haemodynamic outcomes of PMBC in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension (PH). METHODS AND RESULTS: Among all procedures (in more than two decades of experience), PMBC was performed from 1987 until 2011 at a single-center in 147 patients who had significant PH defined as baseline pulmonary artery mean pressure (PAMP) (systolic pulmonary pressure > 75 mmHg). All-cause mortality, need for mitral valve replacement (MVR) or new PMBC, and valve restenosis were evaluated during follow-up yearly. Mean age was 33.8 ± 12.8 years and 83.6% (123 patients) were women. Primary success was achieved in 89.8% of the patients (132 patients). Mitral valve area (MVA) increased from 0.83 ± 0.17 cm2 to 2.03± 0.35 cm2 (p<0.001), and at 20-years, mitral valve area was 1.46 ± 0.34 cm2 (p=0.235). Systolic pulmonary artery pressure decreased from 87.0 ± 6.0 mmHg to 60.0 ± 0.9 mmHg (p<0.0001). The rates of all-cause mortality, need for MVR, new PMV, and valve restenosis were 0.67%, 20.0%, 8.78% and 30.4%, respectively, in long-term follow- up (mean 15.6 ± 4.9 years). CONCLUSIONS: PMBC is a safe and effective technique for the treatment of patients with mitral stenosis and PH. A significant decrease in pulmonary pressure was observed after commissurotomy. Although there was a gradual decrease of MVA at long-term follow-up, most patients remained asymptomatic and without major adverse events.

Novel prognostic score for immediate and late success after percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy in patients with mitral stenosis

Abstract: Objectives. Percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy (PMBC) remains the preferred treatment for patients with severe symptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) and suitable anatomy. The objective of this study was to propose a new score for the prediction of immediate and late success. Methods. This is a single-center, retrospective analysis of all 1582 patients with severe mitral stenosis who underwent PMBC from August 1987 to July 2010. The composite outcome was cardiovascular death, new PMBC, or mitral valve repair surgery up to 24 years of follow-up. Results. Mean patient age was 36.8 ± 12.9 years, most (86.4%) were female, and Wilkins score was between 9-11 in 49.1% of patients. In the multivariate analysis, the predictors of immediate success were age (odds ratio [OR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96-0.99; P=.01), left atrium size (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99; P=.01), mean preprocedure mitral gradient (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89-0.96; P<.001), intermediate Wilkins score 9-11 (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94; P=.02), and high Wilkins score ≥12 (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.16-0.76; P<.01). For prediction of late events, age (hazard ratio [HR], 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.98; P<.001), New York Heart Association class III-IV (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.18-1.92; P<.001), left atrium size (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.02-0.04; P<.01), and high Wilkins score ≥12 (HR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.30-3.15; P<.01) were significant. Two nomograms were developed using significant predictors from the model. Conclusions. In this large population, not only the Wilkins score, but also clinical and hemodynamic features, seem to be relevant in predicting immediate and late success for patients with rheumatic MS who underwent PMBC.

Novel Prognostic Score for Immediate and Late Success After Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Commissurotomy in Patients With Mitral Stenosis.

OBJECTIVES: Percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy (PMBC) remains the preferred treatment for patients with severe symptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) and suitable anatomy. The objective of this study was to propose a new score for the prediction of immediate and late success. METHODS: This is a single-center, retrospective analysis of all 1582 patients with severe mitral stenosis who underwent PMBC from August 1987 to July 2010. The composite outcome was cardiovascular death, new PMBC, or mitral valve repair surgery up to 24 years of follow-up. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 36.8 ± 12.9 years, most (86.4%) were female, and Wilkins score was between 9-11 in 49.1% of patients. In the multivariate analysis, the predictors of immediate success were age (odds ratio [OR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96-0.99; P=.01), left atrium size (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99; P=.01), mean preprocedure mitral gradient (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89-0.96; P<.001), intermediate Wilkins score 9-11 (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94; P=.02), and high Wilkins score ≥12 (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.16-0.76; P<.01). For prediction of late events, age (hazard ratio [HR], 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.98; P<.001), New York Heart Association class III-IV (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.18-1.92; P<.001), left atrium size (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.02-0.04; P<.01), and high Wilkins score ≥12 (HR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.30-3.15; P<.01) were significant. Two nomograms were developed using significant predictors from the model. CONCLUSIONS: In this large population, not only the Wilkins score, but also clinical and hemodynamic features, seem to be relevant in predicting immediate and late success for patients with rheumatic MS who underwent PMBC.

Preditores independentes de reestenose da valva mitral após valvoplastia mitral percutânea por balão em uma grande coorte consecutiva com seguimento clínico por mais de duas décadas / Independent predictors of mitral valve restenosis after percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty in a large consecutive cohort with clinical follow-up for more than two decades

INTRODUÇÃO: A valvoplastia mitral percutânea com balão (VMP), sempre que tecnicamente viável, é a opção de tratamento preferencial para a estenose mitral, particularmente aquelas secundárias à doença cardíaca reumática. No entanto, a reestenose valvar mitral pode se desenvolver em um número significativo de pacientes submetidos a esse procedimento, com fatores de risco ainda pouco claros para tal ocorrência. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma análise de centro único de uma coorte grande e consecutiva de pacientes tratados com VMP entre 1987 e 2010, que desenvolveram reestenose. O desfecho primário foi determinar os preditores independentes desse evento, definido como perda de mais de 50% do aumento original na área valvar mitral máxima (AVM) ou AVM menor que 1,5 cm2. RESULTADOS: Um total de 1.794 pacientes consecutivos submetidos a VMP em um único centro, instituição terciária de alto volume, foram incluídos neste registro. Reestenose da valva mitral foi observada em 26% dos casos (n = 483). A média de idade da população foi de 36 anos, com a maioria dos pacientes sendo do sexo feminino (87%). A duração média do acompanhamento foi de 4,8 anos. Na análise multivariada, os preditores independentes de reestenose foram: diâmetro atrial esquerdo [RR (risco relativo): 1,03; IC (intervalo de confiança) 95%: 1,01-1,04; p <0,01]; gradiente máximo pré-procedimento (RR: 1,01; IC 95%: 1,00-1,03; p = 0,02 ) e Wilkins score maior que 8 (RR: 1,37; IC 95%: 1,13-1,66; p <0,01). CONCLUSÕES: No seguimento em longo prazo, a reestenose da valva mitral foi observada em até 25% da população submetida à VMP. Os achados ecocardiográficos pré-procedimento, incluindo o diâmetro do átrio esquerdo, o gradiente valvar máximo e o escore de Wilkins, foram os únicos preditores independentes desse desfecho desfavorável. (AU)

Seguimento a longo prazo de valvuloplastia mitral percutânea em pacientes com estenose reumática mitral e hipertensão arterial pulmonar grave / Long-term follow-up of percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty in patients with mitral rheumatic stenosis and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension

INTRODUÇÃO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os resultados imediatos e de longo prazo em pacientes com hipertensão pulmonar (HAP) submetidos à valvuloplastia mitral percutânea por balão (VMP) e estenose mitral (EM) reumática. MÉTODOS: Entre os 1.794 pacientes consecutivos, de 1987 a 2010, a VMP foi realizada em um único centro em 147 pacientes que tinham HAP significativa definida como pressão arterial média basal (pressão pulmonar sistólica > 75 mmhg). Mortalidade por todas as causas, necessidade de substituição valvar mitral ou nova VMP e reestenose valvar foram avaliados durante o acompanhamento anual. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 33,8 ± 12,8 anos e 83,6% (123 pacientes) eram mulheres. O sucesso foi alcançado em 89,8% dos pacientes (132 pacientes). A área valvar mitral (AVM) aumentou de 0,83 ± 0,17 cm2 para 2,03 ± 0,35 cm2 (p <0,001) e, aos 20 anos, a área valvar mitral foi de 1,46 ± 0,34 cm2 (p = 0,235). A pressão sistólica da artéria pulmonar diminuiu de 87,0 ± 6,0 mmHg para 60,0 ± 0,9 mmHg (p <0,0001). As taxas de mortalidade por todas as causas, necessidade de substituição da valva mitral, nova VMP e reestenose valvar foram de 0,67%, 20,0%, 8,78% e 30,4%, respectivamente, em seguimento a longo prazo (média de 15,6 ± 4,9 anos). CONCLUSÕES: Observou-se que houve diminuição significativa da pressão arterial pulmonar após o procedimento e a VMP é considerada segura e eficaz em pacientes com EM reumática. Embora tenha havido uma diminuição gradual da AVM a longo prazo, a maioria dos pacientes permaneceu assintomática e sem grandes eventos adversos. (AU)

Seguimento de muito longo prazo após valvoplastia mitral percutânea com balão / Very long term follow-up after percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty

INTRODUÇÃO: A valvuloplastia mitral percutânea com balão (VMP) continua a ser o tratamento preferido para pacientes com estenose mitral reumática sintomática grave e anatomia adequada. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os resultados a longo prazo após VMP. MÉTODOS: Todos os pacientes consecutivos que foram submetidos à VMP com sucesso entre 1987 e 2010 foram incluídos. O desfecho primário foi o combinado de mortalidade por todas as causas, necessidade de cirurgia mitral ou repetição de PBMV até 24 anos. RESULTADOS: Considerando os 1.582 pacientes consecutivos submetidos a PBMV, o sucesso agudo foi alcançado em 90,9% (1.438 pacientes). Os preditores independentes de sucesso agudo incluíram o tamanho do átrio esquerdo [OR (Razão dos riscos): 0,96; IC (intervalo de confiança) de 95%: 0,93-0,99; p =0,045), Wilkins ≤8 (OR: 1,66; IC 95%: 0,48-0,93; p = 0,02) e idade (OR: 0,97; IC 95%: 0,96-0,99; p = 0,006). Longo prazo de acompanhamento (mediana de 8,3 anos, média de 15,6 anos) foi obtido em 79,1% dos casos de sucesso. A incidência do desfecho primário foi de 19,1% (IC 95%: 17,0%-21,1%). As taxas de mortalidade geral, necessidade de cirurgia valvar mitral ou nova VMP foram de 0,6% (IC 95%: 0,3%-1,2%), 8,3% (IC95%: 7,0%-9,9%) e 10,0% (95% IC: 8,5%-11,7%), respectivamente. Na análise multivariada, classe funcional III ou IV da New York Heart Association [RR (risco relativo): 1,62; IC 95%: 1,26-2,09; p <0,001); maior idade (RR: 0,97; IC95%: 0,96-0,98; p = 0,028]) e área valvar mitral (AVM) ≤ 1,75 cm2 após o procedimento (RR: 1,67; IC 95%: 1,28-2,11; p = 0,028) foram preditores independentes do desfecho primário. CONCLUSÕES: No seguimento a muito longo prazo, mais de 75% dos pacientes apresentaram manutenção de bons resultados. A previsão de resultados favoráveis tardios é multifatorial e fortemente determinada pela idade e AVM pós-procedimento. (AU)

Very Long Term Follow-Up After Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess very long term outcomes after successful percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV).BACKGROUND: PBMV remains the preferred treatment for patients with severe symptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis and suitable anatomy.METHODS: All consecutive patients who underwent successful PBMV between 1987 and 2010 were included. The primary endpoint was the composite of all-cause mortality, need for mitral surgery, or repeat PBMV up to 23 years.RESULTS: Among all 1,582 consecutive patients undergoing PBMV, acute success was achieved in 90.9% (n»1,438).Independent predictors of acute success included left atrial size (odds ratio: 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93 to0.99; p»0.045), Wilkins score#8 (odds ratio: 1.66; 95% CI: 0.48 to 0.93; p»0.02) and age (odds ratio: 0.97; 95% CI:0.96 to 0.99; p»0.006). Very long-term follow-up (median 8.3 years, mean 15.6 years) was obtained in 79.1% of successful cases. The incidence of the primary endpoint was 19.1% (95% CI: 17.0% to 21.1%). The rates of overall lmortality, need for mitral valve surgery, or repeat PBMV were 0.6% (95% CI: 0.3% to 1.2%), 8.3% (95% CI: 7.0% to9.9%), and 10.0% (95% CI: 8.5% to 11.7%), respectively. On multivariate analysis, New York Heart Association functional class III or IV (hazard ratio: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.26 to 2.09; p<0.001), higher age (hazard ratio: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96 to0.98; p»0.028), and mitral valve area#1.75 cm2after the procedure (hazard ratio: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.28 to 2.11;p»0.028) were independent predictors of the primary endpoint. CONCLUSIONS: In very long term follow-up, more than 75% of patients exhibited sustained results. Prediction of late favorable results is multifactorial and strongly determined by age, previous symptoms and post-procedural mitral valve area.(J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 2018;11:1945­52) © 2018 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.

Very Long Term Follow-Up After Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess very long term outcomes after successful percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV). BACKGROUND: PBMV remains the preferred treatment for patients with severe symptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis and suitable anatomy. METHODS: All consecutive patients who underwent successful PBMV between 1987 and 2010 were included. The primary endpoint was the composite of all-cause mortality, need for mitral surgery, or repeat PBMV up to 23 years. RESULTS: Among all 1,582 consecutive patients undergoing PBMV, acute success was achieved in 90.9% (n = 1,438). Independent predictors of acute success included left atrial size (odds ratio: 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93 to 0.99; p = 0.045), Wilkins score ≤8 (odds ratio: 1.66; 95% CI: 0.48 to 0.93; p = 0.02) and age (odds ratio: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96 to 0.99; p = 0.006). Very long term follow-up (median 8.3 years, mean 15.6 years) was obtained in 79.1% of successful cases. The incidence of the primary endpoint was 19.1% (95% CI: 17.0% to 21.1%). The rates of overall mortality, need for mitral valve surgery, or repeat PBMV were 0.6% (95% CI: 0.3% to 1.2%), 8.3% (95% CI: 7.0% to 9.9%), and 10.0% (95% CI: 8.5% to 11.7%), respectively. On multivariate analysis, New York Heart Association functional class III or IV (hazard ratio: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.26 to 2.09; p < 0.001), higher age (hazard ratio: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96 to 0.98; p = 0.028), and mitral valve area ≤1.75 cm2 after the procedure (hazard ratio: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.28 to 2.11; p = 0.028) were independent predictors of the primary endpoint. CONCLUSIONS: In very long term follow-up, more than 75% of patients exhibited sustained results. Prediction of late favorable results is multifactorial and strongly determined by age, previous symptoms and post-procedural mitral valve area.

Prospective comparison between three TAVR devices: ACURATE neo vs. CoreValve vs. SAPIEN XT. A single heart team experience in patients with severe aortic stenosis.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare the new transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) device ACURATE neo (ACT) with the already established CoreValve (MCV) and SAPIEN XT (SXT) for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis (AS). BACKGROUND: Very few data on TAVR devices are available beyond MCV and SAPIEN and there is no previous study comparing ACT with MCV and SXT. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated consecutive patients who underwent transfemoral TAVR for the treatment of severe AS. Clinical outcomes were reported following Valve Academic Research Consortium 2 (VARC-2) criteria. RESULTS: A total of 162 patients (ACT n = 49, MCV n = 56, SXT n = 57), were included. MCV group had higher valve embolization/migration rates (ACT none; MCV 9%; SXT 2%; P = 0.034) causing lower device success rates (ACT 98%; MCV 86%; SXT 95%; P = 0.043). At 30 days, there was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (P = 0.22), cardiovascular mortality (P = 0.20), periprocedural myocardial infarction (P = 0.40), stroke (P = 0.64), major vascular complications (P = 0.48), life-threatening bleeding (P = 0.29), acute kidney injury stage 2/3 (P = 0.69), or VARC-2 composite early safety endpoints (P = 0.21). MCV group had higher rates of new permanent pacemaker implantation (ACT 6%; MCV 25%; SXT 11%; P = 0.013). Follow-up echocardiography showed no significant difference in aortic valve mean pressure gradient (P = 0.73) or moderate/severe aortic regurgitation (P = 0.19) between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In a "real world" registry, ACT compared favorably against the well-studied SXT and MCV devices in both safety and efficacy. MCV implantation was associated with lower device success rates and higher rates of new permanent pacemaker implantation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.