Validation of the questionnaire of olfactory disorders (QOD) for the Brazilian population.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of olfactory disorders has increased in recent years, mainly related to COVID-19 infection. In Brazil, over 37 million cases of COVID-19 have been reported, and approximately 10 % of those cases continue to experience olfactory disorders for more than one month. Despite the significant negative impact on well-being, there is currently no validated instrument to assess how olfactory disorders impact the quality of life in Brazil. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to validate the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD) for Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: The authors first performed translation, back-translation, expert review, pre-testing, psychometric evaluation and cultural adaptation of the English version of the questionnaire. To assure linguistic and conceptual equivalence of the translated questionnaire, 126 participants from two Brazilian states and varying degrees of olfactory loss answered the QOD and the World Health Organization Quality of Life bref (WHOQOL-bref) questionnaires. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT®) was used to quantify the olfactory loss. Furthermore, to evaluate the reliability of the Portuguese version a test-retest was performed on a subgroup of patients. The authors observed a high Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.86) for internal consistency of the quality of Life (QOD-QOL) statements. FINDINGS: As expected, there was a negative correlation between QOD-QOL and UPSIT® (Spearman's ρ = -0.275, p = 0.002), since QOL score increases and UPSIT® score decreases with worsening of olfactory function. Correlations were moderate between QOD-QOL and WHOQOL-bref mean (Spearman's ρ = -0.374, p < 0.001) and weak to moderate between the QOD-QOL and Visual Analog Scale of the QOD regarding professional life, leisure, and private life (Spearman's ρ = -0.316, p = 0.000; Spearman's ρ = -0.293, p = 0.001; Spearman's ρ = -0.261, p = 0.004; respectively). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the authors have demonstrated a high internal consistency and validity of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the QOD for evaluating the quality of life in individuals with olfactory disorders.

Validation of the questionnaire of olfactory disorders (QOD) for the Brazilian population

Abstract Background The incidence of olfactory disorders has increased in recent years, mainly related to COVID-19 infection. In Brazil, over 37 million cases of COVID-19 have been reported, and approximately 10 % of those cases continue to experience olfactory disorders for more than one month. Despite the significant negative impact on well-being, there is currently no validated instrument to assess how olfactory disorders impact the quality of life in Brazil. Objectives: This study aimed to validate the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD) for Brazilian Portuguese. Methods: The authors first performed translation, back-translation, expert review, pre-testing, psychometric evaluation and cultural adaptation of the English version of the questionnaire. To assure linguistic and conceptual equivalence of the translated questionnaire, 126 participants from two Brazilian states and varying degrees of olfactory loss answered the QOD and the World Health Organization Quality of Life bref (WHOQOL-bref) questionnaires. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT®) was used to quantify the olfactory loss. Furthermore, to evaluate the reliability of the Portuguese version a test-retest was performed on a subgroup of patients. The authors observed a high Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.86) for internal consistency of the quality of Life (QOD-QOL) statements. Findings: As expected, there was a negative correlation between QOD-QOL and UPSIT® (Spearman's ρ = -0.275, p = 0.002), since QOL score increases and UPSIT® score decreases with worsening of olfactory function. Correlations were moderate between QOD-QOL and WHOQOL-bref mean (Spearman's ρ = -0.374, p < 0.001) and weak to moderate between the QOD-QOL and Visual Analog Scale of the QOD regarding professional life, leisure, and private life (Spearman's ρ = -0.316, p = 0.000; Spearman's ρ = -0.293, p = 0.001; Spearman's ρ = -0.261, p = 0.004; respectively). Conclusion: In conclusion, the authors have demonstrated a high internal consistency and validity of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the QOD for evaluating the quality of life in individuals with olfactory disorders.

Validación transcultural de cuestionario sobre literacidad en salud en el contexto chileno / Transcultural validation of a survey about oral health literacy in the Chilean context

Objetivos: Validar transculturalmente para contexto chileno, cuestionario en inglés que evalúa competencias comunicacionales empleadas por el odontólogo con sus pacientes. Métodos: Se realizaron seis etapas: traducción, panel de expertos, entrevistas cognitivas, adaptación en línea, método test y re-test, evaluando la consistencia interna y estabilidad, y retrotraducción al inglés. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables sociodemográficas y un análisis descriptivo de los ítems del cuestionario considerando la media de las puntuaciones, desviación estándar y proporción de respuestas positivas, neutras y negativas. Resultados: 70 participantes contestaron el cuestionario (42 mujeres y 28 hombres, edad promedio 38 años). Las entrevistas cognitivas y comité de expertos permitieron hacer adaptaciones a la cultura chilena. Con respecto a la consistencia interna y estabilidad del cuestionario, el valor obtenido para α-Cronbach fue mayor a 72% y λ-Guttman mayor a 81%. Para la estabilidad del cuestionario el coeficiente de correlación Spearman fue de 72% y los coeficientes de concordancia fueron mayores a 76% (valor-p<0,05). Conclusiones: El cuestionario sobre la literacidad de salud oral en el contexto chileno es válido desde la perspectiva de la adaptación transcultural y confiable desde la perspectiva de la consistencia interna y estabilidad.

Objectives: Transcultural validation of a survey in the Chilean context that assesses communication skills of dentists with patients, from English to Spanish. Methods: The process considered six stages: translation, a panel of experts, cognitive interviews, online adaptation, test and re-test practice to assess internal consistency and stability, and finally, back-translation into English. The method included the analysis of the sociodemographic variables and a descriptive analysis of the questionnaire items, considering the mean of the scores, standard deviation, and proportion of positive, neutral, and negative responses. Results: 70 participants answered the questionnaire (42 women and 28 men, average age 38 years). The cognitive interviews and the suggestions of the panel of experts allowed for some changes to better adapt to the Chilean culture. Regarding the internal consistency and stability of the questionnaire, the value obtained for α-Cronbach was greater than 72% and for λ-Guttman greater than 81%. Furthermore, the Spearman correlation coefficient was 72%, and the concordance coefficients were higher than 76% (p-value <0.05). Conclusions: The questionnaire on health literacy in the Chilean context is valid from the perspective of cross-cultural adaptation and reliable from the internal consistency and stability standpoint.

Knowledge regarding extracorporeal membrane oxygenation management among Brazilian pediatric intensivists: a cross-sectional survey.

OBJECTIVE: To assess Brazilian pediatric intensivists' general knowledge of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, including evidence for its use, the national funding model, indications, and complications. METHODS: This was a multicenter cross-sectional survey including 45 Brazilian pediatric intensive care units. A convenience sample of 654 intensivists was surveyed regarding their knowledge on managing patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, its indications, complications, funding, and literature evidence. RESULTS: The survey addressed questions regarding the knowledge and experience of pediatric intensivists with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, including two clinical cases and 6 optional questions about the management of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Of the 45 invited centers, 42 (91%) participated in the study, and 412 of 654 (63%) pediatric intensivists responded to the survey. Most pediatric intensive care units were from the Southeast region of Brazil (59.5%), and private/for-profit hospitals represented 28.6% of the participating centers. The average age of respondents was 41.4 (standard deviation 9.1) years, and the majority (77%) were women. Only 12.4% of respondents had taken an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation course. Only 19% of surveyed hospitals have an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation program, and only 27% of intensivists reported having already managed patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Specific extracorporeal membrane oxygenation management questions were responded to by only 64 physicians (15.5%), who had a fair/good correct response rate (median 63.4%; range 32.8% to 91.9%). CONCLUSION: Most Brazilian pediatric intensivists demonstrated limited knowledge regarding extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, including its indications and complications. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is not yet widely available in Brazil, with few intensivists prepared to manage patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and even fewer intensivists recognizing when to refer patients to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers.

Performance and labor conditions of physiotherapists in Brazilian intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic. What did we learn? / Desempenho e condições de trabalho dos fisioterapeutas nas unidades de terapia intensiva brasileiras durante a pandemia da COVID-19. O que aprendemos?

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the role of physiotherapists in assisting patients suspected to have or diagnosed with COVID-19 hospitalized in intensive care units in Brazil regarding technical training, working time, care practice, labor conditions and remuneration. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional survey was carried out through an electronic questionnaire distributed to physiotherapists who worked in the care of patients with COVID-19 in Brazilian intensive care units. Results: A total of 657 questionnaires were completed by physiotherapists from the five regions of the country, with 85.3% working in adult, 5.4% in neonatal, 5.3% in pediatric and 3.8% in mixed intensive care units (pediatric and neonatal). In intensive care units with a physiotherapists available 24 hours/day, physiotherapists worked more frequently (90.6%) in the assembly, titration, and monitoring of noninvasive ventilation (p = 0.001). Most intensive care units with 12-hour/day physiotherapists (25.8%) did not apply any protocol compared to intensive care units with 18-hour/day physiotherapy (9.9%) versus 24 hours/day (10.2%) (p = 0.032). Most of the respondents (51.0%) received remuneration 2 or 3 times the minimum wage, and only 25.1% received an additional payment for working with patients suspected to have or diagnosed with COVID-19; 85.7% of them did not experience a lack of personal protective equipment. Conclusion: Intensive care units with 24-hour/day physiotherapists had higher percentages of protocols and noninvasive ventilation for patients with COVID-19. The use of specific resources varied between the types of intensive care units and hospitals and in relation to the physiotherapists' labor conditions. This study showed that most professionals had little experience in intensive care and low wages.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o papel dos fisioterapeutas na assistência a pacientes com suspeita ou diagnóstico da COVID-19 internados em unidades de terapia intensiva no Brasil em relação a: formação técnica, tempo de trabalho, prática assistencial, condições de trabalho e remuneração. Métodos: Foi realizado um inquérito transversal analítico com questionário eletrônico distribuído aos fisioterapeutas que atuavam no atendimento de pacientes com COVID-19 em unidades de terapia intensiva brasileiras. Resultados: Foram preenchidos 657 questionários por fisioterapeutas das cinco regiões do país, sendo que 85,3% trabalhavam em unidades de terapia intensiva adulto, 5,4% em neonatal, 5,3% em pediátrica e 3,8% em unidades de terapia intensiva mista (pediátrica e neonatal). Nas unidades de terapia intensiva com um fisioterapeuta disponível 24 horas por dia, os fisioterapeutas trabalharam com mais frequência (90,6%) na montagem, titulação e monitoramento da ventilação não invasiva (p = 0,001). A maioria das UTIs com fisioterapia 12 horas por dia (25,8%) não aplicou nenhum protocolo comparativamente às unidades de terapia intensiva com fisioterapia 18 horas por dia (9,9%) e às de 24 horas por dia (10,2%) (p = 0,032). A maioria dos entrevistados (51,0%) recebia remuneração de duas a três vezes o salário mínimo, e apenas 25,1% recebiam pagamento adicional por trabalhar com pacientes com suspeita ou diagnóstico da COVID-19; 85,7% deles não enfrentaram falta de Equipamentos de Proteção Individual. Conclusão: As unidades de terapia intensiva com fisioterapeutas 24 horas por dia apresentaram maiores porcentagens de protocolos e ventilação não invasiva para pacientes com COVID-19. A utilização de recursos específicos variou entre os tipos de unidades de terapia intensiva e hospitais e em relação às condições de trabalho dos fisioterapeutas. Este estudo mostrou que a maioria dos profissionais tinha pouca experiência em terapia intensiva e baixa remuneração.

Knowledge regarding extracorporeal membrane oxygenation management among Brazilian pediatric intensivists: a cross-sectional survey / Conhecimento do manejo da oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea de intensivistas pediátricos brasileiros: um inquérito transversal

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess Brazilian pediatric intensivists' general knowledge of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, including evidence for its use, the national funding model, indications, and complications. Methods: This was a multicenter cross-sectional survey including 45 Brazilian pediatric intensive care units. A convenience sample of 654 intensivists was surveyed regarding their knowledge on managing patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, its indications, complications, funding, and literature evidence. Results: The survey addressed questions regarding the knowledge and experience of pediatric intensivists with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, including two clinical cases and 6 optional questions about the management of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Of the 45 invited centers, 42 (91%) participated in the study, and 412 of 654 (63%) pediatric intensivists responded to the survey. Most pediatric intensive care units were from the Southeast region of Brazil (59.5%), and private/for-profit hospitals represented 28.6% of the participating centers. The average age of respondents was 41.4 (standard deviation 9.1) years, and the majority (77%) were women. Only 12.4% of respondents had taken an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation course. Only 19% of surveyed hospitals have an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation program, and only 27% of intensivists reported having already managed patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Specific extracorporeal membrane oxygenation management questions were responded to by only 64 physicians (15.5%), who had a fair/good correct response rate (median 63.4%; range 32.8% to 91.9%). Conclusion: Most Brazilian pediatric intensivists demonstrated limited knowledge regarding extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, including its indications and complications. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is not yet widely available in Brazil, with few intensivists prepared to manage patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and even fewer intensivists recognizing when to refer patients to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os conhecimentos gerais dos intensivistas pediátricos brasileiros sobre oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea, incluindo evidências de uso, modelo de custeio nacional, indicações e complicações. Métodos: Este estudo foi um inquérito transversal multicêntrico que incluiu 45 unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica brasileiras. Realizou-se inquérito de conveniência com 654 intensivistas quanto aos seus conhecimentos sobre manejo de pacientes em oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea, suas indicações, complicações, custeio e evidências bibliográficas. Resultados: O inquérito abordou questões relativas aos conhecimentos e à experiência dos intensivistas pediátricos sobre oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea, incluindo dois casos clínicos e seis questões facultativas sobre o manejo de pacientes em oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea. Dos 45 centros convidados, 42 (91%) participaram do estudo, e 412 (63%) dos 654 intensivistas pediátricos responderam ao inquérito. A maioria das unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica eram da Região Sudeste do Brasil (59,5%), e os hospitais privados com fins lucrativos representavam 28,6% dos centros participantes. A média de idade dos respondentes era de 41,4 (desvio-padrão de 9,1) anos, e a maioria (77%) era mulher. Apenas 12,4% dos respondentes tinham formação em oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea. Dos hospitais pesquisados, apenas 19% tinham um programa de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea, e apenas 27% dos intensivistas declararam já ter manejado pacientes em oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea. Apenas 64 médicos (15,5%) responderam a questões específicas sobre o manejo de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea (mediana 63,4%; oscilando entre 32,8% e 91,9%). Conclusão: A maioria dos intensivistas pediátricos brasileiros demonstrou conhecimentos limitados de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea, incluindo suas indicações e complicações. A oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea ainda não está amplamente disponível no Brasil, com poucos intensivistas preparados para o manejo de pacientes em oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea e ainda menos intensivistas capazes de reconhecer quando devem encaminhar pacientes para centros de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea.

Effects of participation in interdisciplinary rounds in the intensive care unit on family satisfaction: A cross-sectional study / Efeitos da participação em rodadas interdisciplinares em unidades de terapia intensiva na satisfação familiar: Um estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate whether family participation in intensive care unit interdisciplinary bedside rounds affects family satisfaction. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a 56-bed, adult, mixed intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in Southern Brazil. From May to June 2019, family members of patients who stayed in the intensive care unit for at least 48 hours were invited to participate in the study at the time of patient discharge. The main exposure variable was participation in intensive care unit bedside rounds during the intensive care unit stay. Family satisfaction was assessed by using the Brazilian version of the Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit questionnaire. Results: Of the 234 screened individuals, 118 were included. Eleven participants withdrew consent. A total of 107 individuals were assessed; 58 (54%) reported being present during bedside rounds, and 49 (46%) reported never being present. General satisfaction and satisfaction with the decision-making process were higher among families who were present during rounds than among families who were not (p = 0.01 and p = 0.007, respectively). Conclusion: The presence during interdisciplinary rounds was associated with improved general satisfaction and satisfaction with the decision-making aspect. This outcome indicates that efforts must be directed to conduct studies with more robust methodologies to confirm this association.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar se a participação da família em rodadas interdisciplinares à beira do leito da unidade de terapia intensiva afeta a satisfação familiar. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal em uma unidade de terapia intensiva adulto mista com 56 leitos de hospital terciário no Sul do Brasil. De maio a junho de 2019, os familiares de pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva por, pelo menos, 48 horas foram convidados a participar do estudo no momento da alta do paciente. A principal variável de exposição foi a participação em rodadas à beira do leito na unidade de terapia intensiva durante a internação na unidade de terapia intensiva. A satisfação familiar foi avaliada por meio da versão brasileira do Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit. Resultados: Dos 234 indivíduos selecionados, 118 foram incluídos. Destes, 11 participantes retiraram o consentimento. Foram avaliados 107 indivíduos; 58 (54%) relataram estar presentes durante as rodadas à beira do leito, e 49 (46%) relataram nunca estar presentes. A satisfação geral e a satisfação com o processo de tomada de decisão foram maiores entre as famílias presentes durante as rodadas do que entre as famílias ausentes (p = 0,01 e p = 0,007, respectivamente). Conclusão: A presença durante as rodadas interdisciplinares foi associada à melhora da satisfação geral e satisfação em relação ao processo de tomada de decisão. Esse desfecho indica que, para confirmar essa associação, devem-se direcionar esforços para realizar estudos com metodologias mais robustas.

Latin Questionnaire: a threshold strategy for anamnestic screening of occupational musculoskeletal disorders through specific reference groups.

Introduction: Health surveillance programs conducted for both individual workers and working populations as a whole are managed by occupational health physicians and focus on disorders and diseases caused by biomechanical overload, primarily for preventive purposes. Objectives: The purpose of the paper is to update an anamnestic protocol for studying musculoskeletal disorders after more than 40 years experience of its application. The updated version has been re-named the Latin Questionnaire. The protocol enables preliminary epidemiological evaluation, by comparing results of exposed populations to those from a reference population, thanks to the introduction of a severity threshold, a concept lacking in similar questionnaires. Methods: The Latin Questionnaire is based on symptoms of discomfort, pain, and paraesthesia. Each symptom is described in terms of location, duration, number of episodes, irradiation, and treatment. The model covers present symptoms during the previous 12 months and is designed to identify positive anamnestic cases (when positive according to the threshold), cases with minor disorders, and negative cases for conditions involving the spine and upper and lower limbs. Results: The updated anamnestic model was validated again through the collaborative effort involving 37 physicians from 14 Latin countries. To enable comparisons with exposed populations, an updated reference population (4,000 unexposed workers) is presented, evaluating the percentages of subjects positive according to thresholds for spine and upper and lower limbs and the incidence of acute lower back pain, broken down by gender and age groups. Examples of application of the questionnaire are also presented. Conclusions: The Latin Questionnaire, which has also been implemented in digital form (free download), allows selection of significant anamnestic cases compared to cases with minor disorders. This strategy is indispensable for correctly conducting preliminary epidemiological studies. Example applications confirm the presence of significant differences between the percentages of subjects with positive thresholds in exposed compared to reference groups, with surpluses proportional to their levels of biomechanical overload.

Using mobile phone-based text message to recruit representative samples: Assessment of a cross-sectional survey about the COVID-19 vaccine hesitation.

BACKGROUND: Limited research has examined mobile phone-based platforms for survey recruitment, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Our objective was to investigate the feasibility and representativeness of mobile phone-based advertisement during a preliminary study about COVID-19 vaccine hesitation in Brazil. Moreover, we evaluate whether the older population can be reached through mobile phone-based platforms of the survey. METHODS: We conducted a study in December 2021 based on a preliminary survey about the COVID-19 vaccine hesitation in Assis, Brazil, Sao Paulo state. From a list of the adult population hesitant about the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, we sent a mobile phone-based advertisement inviting the participants to answer the survey for one week. The respondent's data were collected in a Google form platform. The comparison between the target population and the respondents was made using the Chi-squared test and the Welch's test, using a P-value of 0.05 as significative. RESULTS: The response rate was 9.99% after one week. The mean age of the respondent group was 33.97 (SD 14.99) and 35.05 (SD 14.19) of the population, with a P-value of 0.192 and a Cohen's d coefficient of 0.0754, corresponding to a small effect size between groups. We demonstrate that the mobile phone-based survey is a feasible and representative strategy during the pandemics in Brazil. Moreover, the older population respondent was representative. CONCLUSION: We achieved a representative sample of respondents using the mobile phone-based survey in Brazil. Furthermore, it was representative of all sociodemographic and health characteristics assessed. Finally, these findings suggest that the method is a highly feasible and economical means of recruiting for survey research.

Abordagem da sedação, da analgesia e do delirium em Portugal: inquérito nacional e estudo de prevalência / Sedation, analgesia, and delirium management in Portugal: a survey and point prevalence study

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar as práticas atuais de cuidados intensivos em Portugal quanto à analgesia, à sedação e ao delirium, com base em uma comparação entre as atividades relatadas e a prática clínica diária. Métodos: Inquérito nacional em que os médicos foram convidados a relatar sua prática em relação à analgesia, à sedação e ao delirium em unidades de terapia intensiva. Para analisar a prática diária, realizou-se um estudo de prevalência pontual. Resultados: Responderam ao inquérito 117 médicos, e 192 pacientes foram incluídos no estudo de prevalência pontual. O inquérito e o estudo de prevalência mostraram uma avaliação generalizada do nível de sedação (92%; 88,5%). A Escala de Agitação e Sedação de Richmond foi a mais reportada e utilizada (41,7%; 58,2%), e o propofol foi o medicamento mais reportado e utilizado (91,4%; 58,6%). A prescrição de midazolam foi relatada por 68,4% dos respondentes, mas o estudo de prevalência pontual revelou a sua utilização em 27,6%. Embora 46,4% dos respondentes tenham relatado excesso de sedação, na realidade foi documentado em 32% dos pacientes. O inquérito relatou avaliação diária de dor (92%) com uso de escalas padronizadas (71%). Identificou-se resultado semelhante no estudo de prevalência pontual, com 91,1% de avaliação da analgesia feita principalmente com a Escala Comportamental de Dor. No inquérito, os opioides foram relatados como analgésicos de primeira linha. Na prática clínica, o paracetamol foi a primeira opção (34,6%), seguido de opioides. A avaliação do delirium foi relatada por 70% dos médicos, embora tenha sido realizada em menos de 10% dos pacientes. Conclusão: Os resultados do inquérito não refletiram com precisão as práticas habituais nas unidades de terapia intensiva portuguesas, tal como relatado no estudo de prevalência pontual. Devem ser feitos esforços principalmente para evitar o excesso de sedação e promover a avaliação do delirium.

ABSTRACT Objective: To establish current Portuguese critical care practices regarding analgesia, sedation, and delirium based on a comparison between the activities reported and daily clinical practice. Methods: A national survey was conducted among physicians invited to report their practice toward analgesia, sedation, and delirium in intensive care units. A point prevalence study was performed to analyze daily practices. Results: A total of 117 physicians answered the survey, and 192 patients were included in the point prevalence study. Survey and point prevalence studies reflect a high sedation assessment (92%; 88.5%), with the Richmond Agitated Sedation Scale being the most reported and used scale (41.7%; 58.2%) and propofol being the most reported and used medication (91.4%; 58.6%). Midazolam prescribing was reported by 68.4% of responders, but a point prevalence study revealed a use of 27.6%. Although 46.4% of responders reported oversedation, this was actually documented in 32% of the patients. The survey reports the daily assessment of pain (92%) using standardized scales (71%). The same was identified in the point prevalence study, with 91.1% of analgesia assessment mainly with the Behavioral Pain Scale. In the survey, opioids were reported as the first analgesic. In clinical practice, acetaminophen was the first option (34.6%), followed by opioids. Delirium assessment was reported by 70% of physicians but was performed in less than 10% of the patients. Conclusion: The results from the survey did not accurately reflect the common practices in Portuguese intensive care units, as reported in the point prevalence study. Efforts should be made specifically to avoid oversedation and to promote delirium assessment.

Teaching and use of silver diamine fluoride in Pediatric Dentistry: a questionnaire-based cross- sectional analysis of undergraduate Brazilian dental schools / Ensino e uso do diamino fluoreto de prata em Odontopediatria: análise transversal baseada em questionário com cursos de graduação em Odontologia brasileiros

This study investigated the teaching and use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in Pediatric Dentistry in undergraduate Brazilian dental schools through a questionnaire-based cross-sectional analysis. Two-hundred and thirty-five questionnaires were e-mailed to directors of Pediatric Dentistry of undergraduate Brazilian dental schools. The details of the teaching and use of SDF in clinical practice were asked. Obtained data were analyzed descriptively and using the chi-square test. A total of 149 complete questionnaires were returned (63.4%). Most of schools taught SDF in lectures (73.8%, p <0.001). The majority use SDF in clinical practice (64.4%, p <0.001), but its use is not frequent (11.4%, p<0.001). All dental schools reported that SDF is applied in primary teeth, and few reported its use for permanent teeth (36.4%, p = 0.01). SDF has been used mainly for cavitated caries in primary teeth of children aged 0 to 3 years (93.7%, p<0.001), with restricted use in posterior teeth (42.7%, p <0.001). Although SDF is teaching and used in clinical practice in Pediatric Dentistry in most Brazilian undergraduate schools, its use is not frequent. Furthermore, SDF is not considered an option for caries lesions in some dental schools (AU).

Este estudo investigou o ensino e a utilização do diamino fluoreto de prata (DFP) em Odontopediatria em cursos de graduação em Odontologia brasileiros por meio de uma análise transversal baseada em questionário. Duzentos e trinta e cinco questionários foram enviados por e- mail a professores responsáveis pela disciplina de Odontopediatria de cursos de Odontologia brasileiros. Os detalhes do ensino e uso de DFP na prática clínica foram solicitados. Os dados obtidos foram analisados descritivamente e por meio do teste do qui-quadrado. Um total de 149 questionários completos foram devolvidos (63,4%). A maioria das escolas ensina sobre o DFP em aulas teóricas (73,8%, p <0,001). A maioria usa o DFP na prática clínica (64,4%, p <0,001), mas seu uso é pouco frequente (11,4%, p <0,001). Todas as escolas de Odontologia relataram que o DFP é aplicado em dentes decíduos, e poucas relataram seu uso em dentes permanentes (36,4%, p = 0,01). O DFP tem sido usado principalmente em lesões de cárie cavitadas em dentes decíduos de crianças de 0 a 3 anos (93,7%, p <0,001), com uso restrito aos dentes posteriores (42,7%, p <0,001). Embora o DFP seja tópico de ensino e utilizado na prática clínica em Odontopediatria na maioria dos cursos de graduação brasileiros, seu uso é pouco frequente. Além disso, o DFP não é considerado uma opção para lesões de cárie em algumas escolas avaliadas (AU).

Instruments to evaluate undergraduate healthcare student learning styles globally: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Recognizing learning styles is important to maximizing learning outcomes and many instruments are available to investigate learning styles. OBJECTIVE: To investigate instruments with evidence of validity and reliability most commonly used to evaluate undergraduate healthcare student learning styles globally. METHOD: This scoping review of literature was guided by The Joanna Briggs Institute's recommendations for conducting scoping reviews and the PRISMA-ScR (extension for scoping reviews). The protocol is available for access. DATA SOURCES: Databases searched included Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria were: fully accessible; written in English, Portuguese, or Spanish; and used reliable and/or validated instruments to describe healthcare student learning styles. Articles were excluded if the sample included healthcare professionals, there was no report of the instrument validity and reliability, or was not fully accessible. Data were extracted from each article and entered into Microsoft Office Excel documents for analysis. RESULTS: Forty-seven articles were selected for full review, including cross-sectional, interventional, and longitudinal studies. Eleven instruments were identified with evidence of reliability and validity for assessing undergraduate healthcare student learning styles globally. The most frequently used instruments were Visual, Aural, Read-Write, and Kinesthetic; Kolb's Learning Styles Inventory; and the Honey-Alonso Questionnaire. Most instruments were developed based on a theoretical framework and/or model. CONCLUSION: This scoping review adds to the literature an overview of available instruments which measure healthcare student learning styles with evidence of both reliability and validity. The results indicate the need for further studies to improve learning style instruments for use in intervention studies aimed at improving the teaching-learning process for healthcare students.

Validade e reprodutibilidade do Teste Avaliativo de DTM: um estudo de acurácia diagnóstica / Validity and reproducibility of the TMD Assessment Test: diagnostic accuracy study

INTRODUÇÃO: Disfunções temporomandibulares (DTM) são distúrbios na ATM, sendo de origem muscular, articular ou mista, e com íntima relação com alterações posturais. Instrumentos de diagnóstico apresentam lacunas quanto à aplicação clínica e não associam à postura. OBJETIVO: Validar o Teste Avaliativo de DTM (TAvDTM) quanto à acurácia diagnóstica e reprodutibilidade. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo de acurácia diagnóstica com indivíduos entre 18 e 59 anos avaliados pelo Índice Anamnésico de Fonseca (IAF), questionário sociodemográfico e TAvDTM, este último realizado por três examinadores diferentes e treinados. O resultado da categorização do diagnóstico do IAF foi comparado com o resultado do TAvDTM. Para acurácia diagnóstica utilizou-se teste Qui-Quadrado. Valores Preditivos Positivos (VPP) e Negativos (VPN) foram determinados. A reprodutibilidade entre os três examinadores foi feita por meio do Kappa de Cohen, para análise 2x2 e de Fleiss. Todos os testes com significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Dos 10 participantes avaliados, o IAF identificou 8 com diagnóstico de DTM, enquanto o TAvDTM verificou 9 participantes com presença desta disfunção. A sensibilidade foi de 100%, especificidade de 50%, VPP de 88% e VPN de 50%. O Kappa de Fleiss evidenciou confiabilidade razoável (K = 0,26 [IC 95%: -0,099 ­ 0,617]; p>0,05). O Kappa de Cohen mostrou reprodutibilidade insignificante entre os avaliadores 1 e 2 (K=-0,11; p>0,05; discordância=80%), e 1 e 3 (K= -0,11; p>0,05; discordância=80%), reprodutibilidade perfeita entre os avaliadores 2 e 3 (K=1,00; p<0,05; concordância=100%). CONCLUSÃO: O TAvDTM apresenta alta sensibilidade e baixa especificidade, porém com baixa capacidade de reprodução até o presente momento.

INTRODUCTION: Temporomandibular disorders are TMJ disorders of muscular, articular, or mixed origin and closely related to postural alterations. Diagnostic tools have gaps regarding clinical application and do not associate posture. OBJECTIVE: Validate the TMD Assessment Test (TMDAsT) regarding its diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diagnostic accuracy study with individuals between 18 and 59 years old evaluated by the Fonseca Assessment Index (FAI), sociodemographic questionnaire, and TMDAsT, the latter performed by three different trained examiners. The result of FAI diagnosis categorization was compared with the result of TMDAsT. A Chi-square test was used for diagnostic accuracy. Positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) were determined. The Kappa of Fleiss did the reproducibility between three examiners. Cohen's Kappa, for 2x2 analysis. All tests with 5% significance. RESULTS: Of the 10 participants assessed, FAI identified 8 participants with a TMD diagnosis while the TMDAsT verified 9 participants with this dysfunction. Sensitivity was 100%, specificity 50%, PPV 88% and NPV 50%. Fleiss' Kappa showed reasonable reliability (K = 0.26 [95% CI: -0.099 - 0.617]; p>0.05). Cohen's Kappa showed insignificant reproducibility between observers 1 and 2 (K=-0.11; p>0.05; discordance=80%), and 1 and 3 (K= -0.11; p>0.05; discordance=80%), perfect reproducibility between observers 2 and 3 (K=1.00; p<0.05; concordance=100%). CONCLUSION: TMDAsT presents high sensitivity and low specificity but with low reproducibility until the present moment.

How one treats lateral epicondylitis - a survey among Brazilian orthopedists.

BACKGROUND: Lateral epicondylitis (LE), also known as tennis elbow, is the most common painful elbow condition. It affects approximately 1-3% of adults. There are various possible treatments described in the literature, but evidence to support a gold standard management protocol is lacking. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate how Brazilian orthopaedists diagnose and treat lateral epicondylitis and compare these results with the available evidence. METHODS: This is an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was prepared to obtain information from the participants with eight specific questions (2 on diagnosis and 6 on treatment). These questions were answered voluntarily by participants at 3 major congresses of orthopaedists in Brazil in 2018. The results were analysed in accordance with the overall number of responses and were evaluated among groups according to subspecialty. RESULTS: We obtained a total of 501 questionnaires. Of these, 33 were excluded. The mean age was 38.67 years. The majority of respondents (91%) were male. We obtained 26.7% from specialists in hand surgery (Hand group), 36.5% from subspecialists in shoulder and elbow (Shoulder and Elbow group), and 36.8% from generalists in orthopaedics or from other subspecialties (General Orthopaedists group). For diagnosis, 24.4% did not initially request any imaging method. The most requested exam was ultrasonography (54.9%). The most prominent indication for initial treatment was physical therapy. For refractory cases, 78.3% of the respondents preferred doing a local infiltration. The most commonly used substance for local infiltrations was corticosteroids (89.6%). With respect to the surgical treatment option, 75.8% of those who recommend it prefer open techniques, and 24.2% prefer arthroscopic treatment. Of the total respondents, 12.8% did not recommend surgical treatment for LE. CONCLUSION: Among Brazilian orthopaedists, the Cozen test is most frequently chosen, and ultrasound is the most commonly used imaging tool. Nonsurgically, oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) plus physiotherapy is the most popular initial therapy, and corticosteroids are the most popular type of infiltration agent. Most surgeons recommended surgery after 6 months of nonsurgical treatment, and 75.8% preferred the open technique.

Descripción de la rehabilitación física en terapias intensivas de Argentina, práctica habitual y durante la pandemia COVID-19. Encuesta tipo online / Description of physical rehabilitation in intensive care units in Argentina: usual practice and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Online survey

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir la práctica habitual de asistencia kinésica motora en la unidad de cuidados intensivos de adultos, tanto en pacientes con y sin COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal de tipo encuesta online. Se incluyeron kinesiólogos que trabajan en unidades de cuidados intensivos de adultos en Argentina. Se realizaron 16 preguntas de respuesta múltiple o simple agrupadas en 3 apartados. El primero caracterizado por datos personales, profesionales o del ámbito laboral. El segundo, destinado a conocer el accionar habitual y un tercero enfocado en las prácticas bajo la pandemia COVID-19. Resultados: Sobre 351 kinesiólogos, el 76.1% reportó que la movilización de los pacientes estaba a cargo exclusivamente de ellos. El objetivo máximo a alcanzar desde el aspecto motor fue variable según cuatro escenarios: Pacientes en ventilación mecánica, desvinculados de la ventilación mecánica, los que nunca estuvieron asociados a la ventilación mecánica y con COVID-19 en ventilación mecánica. En el primer y último escenario el objetivo máximo fue optimizar valores de fuerza muscular. En los restantes fue realizar actividades de la vida diaria. Por último, la mayor limitante en el abordaje de pacientes con COVID-19 fue el aislamiento respiratorio y/o de contacto. Conclusión: Los kinesiólogos en Argentina reportaron encargarse de la movilización de los pacientes en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Los objetivos máximos desde el aspecto motor para cuatro escenarios clásicos en el área cerrada podrían estar determinado por la asociación con la ventilación mecánica. La mayor limitación a la hora de movilizar a pacientes con COVID-19 fue el aislamiento respiratorio y de contacto.

Abstract Objective: To describe the usual practice of mobility therapy in the adult intensive care unit for patients with and without COVID-19. Methods: Online survey in which physical therapists working in an adult intensive care unit in Argentina participated. Sixteen multiple-choice or single-response questions grouped into three sections were asked. The first section addressed personal, professional and work environment data. The second section presented questions regarding usual care, and the third focused on practices under COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Results: Of 351 physical therapists, 76.1% answer that they were exclusively responsible for patient mobility. The highest motor-based goal varied according to four patient scenarios: Mechanically ventilated patients, patients weaned from mechanical ventilation, patients who had never required mechanical ventilation, and patients with COVID-19 under mechanical ventilation. In the first and last scenarios, the highest goal was to optimize muscle strength, while for the other two, it was to perform activities of daily living. Finally, the greatest limitation in working with patients with COVID-19 was respiratory and/or contact isolation. Conclusion: Physical therapists in Argentina reported being responsible for the mobility of patients in the intensive care unit. The highest motor-based therapeutic goals for four classic scenarios in the closed area were limited by the need for mechanical ventilation. The greatest limitation when mobilizing patients with COVID-19 was respiratory and contact isolation.

Physicians' perceptions regarding acute bleeding management: an international mixed qualitative quantitative study.

BACKGROUND: Acute bleeding is an omnipresent challenge for all physicians. Uncontrolled hemorrhage is the most common preventable cause of death after trauma worldwide. In different surgical disciplines, hemorrhage represents an independent risk factor for increased postoperative morbimortality, directly affecting patients' outcomes. This study asked anesthesiologists about their personal perceived challenges when treating bleeding patients. METHODS: This investigator-initiated, prospective, international, dual-center, mixed qualitative and quantitative study interrogated anesthesiologists about what they found easy and what difficult in treating acutely bleeding patients. Following the template approach for qualitative research, we identified major and minor topics through free inductive coding and word count. In a second step, we derived ten statements from the participants' answers. Using a field survey, we then asked the participants to rate their level of agreement with the derived statements. We analyzed the answers using one sample Wilcoxon test and the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: We included a total of 84 physicians in the qualitative interrogations and a different group of 42 anesthesiologists in the quantitative part. We identified 11 major topics and 19 associated subtopics. The main topics and the degree of agreement (here as agree or strongly agree) were as follows: "Complexity of the topic" (52.4% agreed to find the topic complex), "Cognitive aids" (92.9% agreed to find them helpful), "Time management" (64.3% agreed to feeling time pressure), "Human factors" (95.2% agreed that human factors are essential), "Resources" (95.2% agreed that resources are essential), "Experience" and "Low frequency of cases" (57.1% agreed to lack practice), "Diagnostic methods" (31.0% agreed that the interpretation of test results is difficult), "Anticoagulation" (85.7% agreed to it being difficult), "Treatment" (81.0% agreed to knowing the first therapeutic steps), and "Nothing". CONCLUSIONS: Anesthesiologists in two large tertiary care facilities in different parts of the world found coagulation management, especially in anticoagulated patients, complex. We identified the delayed diagnostic test results and their interpretation as challenges. Resources, treatment protocols and human factors such as team communication were perceived to facilitate management. Future studies should explore the challenges in smaller hospitals and other parts of the world and test new technologies addressing the identified difficulties.

Resultados del primer registro nacional de fibrosis pulmonar idiopática en Chile / Results of the first national register of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Chile

INTRODUCCIÓN: La FPI es la neumonía intersticial idiopática más común, con cifras de incidencia y prevalencia que varían en el mundo por la poco uniforme manera de recolectar casos en los diferentes estudios. No hay cifras publicadas sobre la epidemiología de la FPI en Chile ni Latinoamérica. Se hace relevante conocerlas por la carga sanitaria que representan los pacientes con FPI y por la aprobación reciente de drogas antifibróticas de alto costo. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un registro de pacientes con FPI atendidos por neumólogos chilenos de diversos regiones del país, con los medios diagnósticos que habitualmente utilizan en la vida real. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Se utilizó una encuesta electrónica en línea diseñada por el grupo de enfermedades pulmonares difusas del Instituto Nacional del Tórax para registro de pacientes con diagnóstico de FPI según criterios ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT desde junio de 2015 a junio de 2017. RESULTADOS: 40 de los 200 neumólogos invitados enviaron casos de FPI de las 13 regiones del país, completando un total de 700 pacientes. 2/3 eran casos antiguos, un número similar de hombres y mujeres, 73% tienen patrón definitivo de UIP (Usual Interstitial Pneumonia) en tomografía axial computarizada, la mayoría eran pacientes sobre 60 años y en solo 16% se solicitó biopsia para diagnóstico. CONCLUSIONES: Un registro de 700 casos representa un número muy importante de pacientes con FPI en Chile que nos permite acercarnos a la caracterización de la cohorte y a fortalecer una red de especialistas dedicados al cuidado de estos pacientes y sus familias.

INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most common idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, with incidence and prevalence figures varying worldwide because of the inconsistent way of collecting cases in different studies. There are no published figures on the epidemiology of IPF in Chile or Latin America. It is relevant to know them because of the health burden of patients with IPF and the recent approval for treatment purposes of high cost antifibrotic drugs. The objective of this study was to develop a clinical registry of patients with IPF treated by Chilean pulmonologists from different regions of the country, using the diagnostic means they usually use in real life. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An online electronic survey was designed by the group of diffuse pulmonary diseases of the "Instituto Nacional del Tórax" to register patients with diagnosis of IPF from June 2015 to June 2017 according to ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT criteria. RESULTS: 40 of the 200 invited pulmonologists sent IPF cases from the country's 13 regions, completing a total of 700 patients. 2/3 were old cases, a similar number of men and women, 73% had definitive UIP pattern in CT, the majority were patients over 60 years old and in only 16% biopsy was requested for diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: A register of 700 cases represents a very important number of patients with IPF in Chile that allows us to approach the characterization of the cohort and to strengthen a network of specialists dedicated to the care of these patients and their families.

COVID-19 information exposure in digital media and implications for employees in the health care sector: findings from an online survey / Exposição às informações sobre COVID-19 em mídias digitais e suas implicações para funcionários do setor de saúde: resultados de uma pesquisa on-line

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate coronavirus disease 2019-related information consumption and related implications for health care professionals (medical and nonmedical personnel) during the pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional on-line survey was distributed to employees of a major health care institution located in São Paulo, Brazil between April 3 and April 10, 2020. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The sample comprised 2,646 respondents. Most participants (44.4%) reported excessive or almost excessive access to information about the novel coronavirus and 67.6% reported having increased their average time spent on social media. When asked how frequently they consider it was easy to determine the reliability of information, "sometimes" corresponded to 43.2% of the answers in contrast to 14.6% responding "always". Answers related to potential signs of information overload associated with the pandemic indicated that 31% of respondents felt stressed by the amount of information they had to keep up with almost every day or always. Overall, 80.0% of respondents reported having experienced at least one of the following symptoms: headache, eye twitching, restlessness or sleeping difficulty. The frequency of symptoms was higher among participants with a more negative information processing style regarding when dealing with large volumes of information relative to those with a positive information processing style. Likewise, symptoms were more frequently reported by participants who had increased their social media access relative to those reporting reduced access during the pandemic. Conclusion: Our survey provides a description of how health professionals consume COVID-19 related information during the pandemic, and suggests that excessive information exposure and high processing demands may impose psychological distress and affect mental health.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar o consumo de informações relacionadas com doença do novo coronavírus e seus efeitos em profissionais do setor da saúde durante a pandemia. Métodos: Um questionário on-line foi distribuído para funcionários de uma instituição de saúde em São Paulo, Brasil, entre 3 e 10 de abril de 2020. Os dados foram analisados com estatísticas descritivas. Resultados: Foram incluídos nas análises 2.646 participantes. A maioria (44,4%) reportou ter acessado uma quantidade excessiva ou próxima de excessiva sobre o novo coronavírus, e 67,6% reportaram ter aumentado seu tempo médio em mídias sociais. Quando perguntados se era fácil determinar o que era informação confiável, 43,2% responderam "às vezes", comparados com 14,6% que responderam "sempre". Sobre os possíveis sinais de sobrecarga de informação associada com a pandemia, 31% sempre ou quase todos os dias se sentiram estressados com a quantidade de informações que tinham que acompanhar. Entre os respondentes, 80,0% reportaram sentir pelo menos um sintoma como dor de cabeça, espasmos oculares, inquietação ou dificuldade para dormir. Participantes com um estilo mais negativo de lidar com muitas informações também reportaram maior proporção de sintomas que os participantes com estilo positivo. De forma semelhante, participantes que aumentaram seu acesso a mídias sociais reportaram maior proporção de sintomas do que os que diminuíram seu acesso durante a pandemia. Conclusão: Nossa pesquisa fornece uma descrição de como os indivíduos consomem informações relacionadas com a doença do novo coronavirus durante a pandemia e sugere que a exposição a uma quantidade excessiva de informações e as elevadas demandas podem impor sofrimento psicológico e afetar a saúde mental.

The Profile of the Brazilian Cardiologist - A Sample of Members of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology / O Perfil do Cardiologista Brasileiro - Uma Amostra de Sócios da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia

Abstract Background: Data from the international literature have shown changes in the profile of cardiologists and in their medical practices. However, there is no data on this in Brazilian cardiologists. Objective: To evaluate professional and personal characteristics of a sample of Brazilian cardiologists. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study; a questionnaire was sent by e-mail to cardiologists, active members of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology in 2017. The results were analyzed, and the level of significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The questionnaire was sent to 13,462 cardiologists, with 2,101 (15.6%) respondents, mostly men (71.8% versus 28.2%). Age distribution and marital status were significantly different between the sexes (p < 0.001). The number of cardiologists without children was higher among women (40.5% versus 16.1%; p < 0.001). The most common place of work was the public hospital (46.5%), followed by private hospital (28.5%) and private office (21.1%). The office was the main place of work for 23.9% of men and 14% of women (p < 0.001), with predominance of individuals older than 50 years (31.7% versus 10.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). Most cardiologists (64.2%) worked more than 40 hours a week (69% of them men and 51.9% of the women; p < 0.001). Eighty-eight percent of the sample earned more than BRL 11,000 (US$ 3,473.43), and 66.5% of the men earned more than BRL 20,000 (US$ 6,315.32) per month, versus 31.2% of the women (p < 0.001). A high level of work-related stress was reported by 11.3% of respondents. Conclusion: Most cardiologists were men, who showed higher workload and higher income; 11.3% of the cardiologists perceived stress as a great deal.

Resumo Fundamento: Dados internacionais mostram mudanças no perfil e nas características da atuação dos cardiologistas. No entanto, não há na literatura dados acerca da realidade brasileira. Objetivo: Avaliar as características profissionais e pessoais de amostra de cardiologistas brasileiros. Método: Estudo transversal realizado por meio de questionário enviado via e-mail para os cardiologistas adimplentes da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia em 2017. Os resultados foram analisados considerando nível de significância de p < 0,05. Resultados: Foram enviados 13.462 questionários, havendo 2.101 (15,6%) respostas, com predominância de homens (71,8% versus 28,2%). A distribuição etária e o estado civil foram significativamente diferentes entre os gêneros (p < 0,001). O número de cardiologistas sem filhos foi maior entre as mulheres (40,5% versus 16,1%; p < 0,001). O local de trabalho mais frequente foi hospital público (46,5%), seguido por hospital privado (28,5%) e consultório privado (21,1%). O consultório é a principal atividade de 23,9% dos homens e 14% das mulheres (p < 0,001), predominantemente entre aqueles com mais de 50 anos (31,7% versus 10,1%, respectivamente; p < 0,001). A maioria (64,2%) trabalha mais de 40 horas semanais (69% dos homens e 51,9% das mulheres; p < 0,001). A renda mensal de 88% é superior a R$ 11.000 (US$ 3,473.43), e 66,5% dos homens recebem mais que R$ 20.000,00 (US$ 6,315.32) mensais, contra 31,2% das mulheres (p < 0,001). Nível elevado de estresse foi relatado por 11,3%. Conclusões: Os homens são maioria entre os cardiologistas, têm maior carga de trabalho e renda superior à das mulheres. A taxa de estresse em grande proporção foi de 11,3%.

Encuesta sobre el procedimiento de extubación en las unidades de cuidados intensivos de Buenos Aires, Argentina / Survey on the extubation procedure in intensive care units in Buenos Aires, Argentina

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer la práctica habitual del manejo de la vía aérea durante el procedimiento de extubación mediante una encuesta online a profesionales de las unidades de cuidados intensivos de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y Provincia de Buenos, Argentina. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal de tipo encuesta online del 11 de febrero al 11 de marzo de 2013. Se envió por correo electrónico una invitación voluntaria y anónima para acceder a la encuesta a 500 participantes a partir de una base de datos confeccionada por los investigadores de este estudio. Resultados: De un total de 500 participantes, 217 (44%) respondieron la encuesta. El 59,4% son kinesiólogos. Ciento noventa y cinco (89,9%) profesionales se desempeñan en atención de adultos. Con respecto al procedimiento de desinflado del balón y extubación, 203 (93,5%) realizan aspiración endotraqueal y 27 (12,5%) emplean presión positiva. El 53,5% de los participantes informó haber tenido en los últimos 3 meses complicaciones inmediatas a este procedimiento. Se informaron un total de 163 complicaciones, siendo el estridor el más prevalente (52,7%). Conclusión: La mayoría de los profesionales de unidades de cuidados intensivos de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, emplea aspiración endotraqueal sin aplicar presión positiva durante el procedimiento de extubación.

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the usual practice of airway management during the extubation procedure through an online survey to professionals working in intensive care units in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study online survey was conducted from February 11 to March 11, 2013. A database was generated, and a voluntary and anonymous invitation to access the survey was sent by email to 500 participants. Results: Out of a total of 500 participants, 217 (44%) responded to the survey, of whom 59.4% were physical therapists. One hundred ninety-five (89.9%) professionals were working in adult care. Regarding the cuff deflation procedure and extubation, 203 (93.5%) performe endotracheal suctioning, and 27 (12.5%) use positive pressure. Approximately 53.5% of participants reported having experienced immediate complications with this procedure in the last three months. In all, 163 complications were reported, and stridor was the most prevalent (52.7%). Conclusion: Most professionals working in intensive care units in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, use endotracheal suctioning without applying positive pressure during extubation.