Antifungal and Antioxidant Activities of Vernonia Chalybaea Mart. ex DC. Essential Oil and their Major Constituent β -caryophyllene

Abstract: This article describes the chemical composition of Vernonia chalybaea essential oil, and investigates its antimicrobial, antioxidant and hemolytic activities. The evaluation of the antifungal activity was performed by the broth microdilution method using strains of yeasts and dermatophytic fungi. The checkerboard technique to find antimicrobial modulatory effects was performed using ketoconazole as standard drug. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH scavenging assay and β-carotene/linoleic-acid system. The toxicity was characterized by the brine shrimp lethality test and hemolysis bioassays. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS method, showing to be rich in the sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene (39.06%) and bicyclogermacrene (19.69%), and also demonstrated a relevant antifungal activity against strains of Trichophyton rubrum. In the modulatory activity assay, the essential oil of V. chalybaea and β-caryophyllene demonstrated a synergistic interaction with ketoconazole, with increasing of its antifungal action. The antioxidant activity was evidenced mainly by β-carotene/linoleic acid system, with IC50 value of 35.87 ± 0.32 µg/mL. The results suggest that V. chalybaea essential oil and β-caryophyllene are valuable natural medicinal agents with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

Avaliação microbiológica da água consumida em bebedouros da Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Sobral – CE / Microbiological evaluation of the water consumed in drinking of the University Vale do Acaraú, Sobral - CE

A má qualidade dos sistemas de distribuição e de reservatórios proporciona a população uma água contaminada que, serve de veículo para vários agentes infecciosos que provocam danos à saúde humana. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a qualidade e potabilidade das águas dos bebedouros de uma Universidade do município de Sobral - Ce, por meio da quantificação de coliformes totais e coliformes termotolerantes. As amostras foram avaliadas, segundo os requisitos determinados pelo Ministério da Saúde, por meio da Portaria nº 2914 de 2011. Os resultados apresentados após as análises feitas não atenderam aos parâmetros, desta forma as amostras podem ser classificadas como inadequadas para consumo de acordo com parâmetros para coliformes.

The poor quality of distribution systems and tanks to the population provides a contaminated water that serves as a vehicle for various infectious agents that cause damage to human health. This study aims to analyze the quality and potability of water in the troughs of a University of Sobral - Ce municipality, through the quantification of total coliforms and fecal coliforms. The samples were evaluated, whose requirements are determined by the Ministry of Health, through Ordinance No. 2914 of 2011. The results after the analyzes did not meet the parameters, so samples can be classified as unsuitable for consumption according to parameters coliform.

Avaliação higienicossanitária do caldo de cana comercializado em lanchonetes na cidade de Sobral: CE

O caldo de cana ou garapa é muito apreciado por ser refrescante e de alto valor energético. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar, pelo método do número mais provável (NMP) e contagem padrão em placas, os coliformes totais e termotolerantes do caldo de cana comercializado em lanchonetes no município de Sobral-CE e, utilizando um roteiro de observação, avaliar as condições sanitárias dos estabelecimentos. Foram analisadas 9 amostras de caldo de cana, nos meses de julho e agosto de 2012, adquiridas em lanchonetes na cidade de Sobral-CE. Das 9 amostras estudadas, em 3 (33,33%) constatou-se a presença de coliformes termotolerantes acima do número permitido pela RDC nº 12. Verificou-se que várias recomendações da RDC (Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada) na 218 não eram obedecidas: em 100% (n=3) das lanchonetes a cana-de-açúcar era armazenada sem nenhuma proteção; 78% (n=7) dos manipuladores apresentavam vestimentas sujas e mal conservadas; 55% (n=S) dos manipuladores manuseavam concomitantemente alimento e dinheiro sem nenhuma assepsia. Observa-se que um dos principais fatores de contaminação refere-se à conduta dos manipuladores.

The juice or syrup is very refreshing and appreciated for being high energy. The aim of this study was to quantify the method most probable number (MPN) and standard plate count, total coliforms and thermotolerant sugarcane juice sold in cafeterias in Sobral-CE and using an observation guide to assess the health conditions of the establishments. We analyzed nine samples of sugarcane juice, in July and August 2012, acquired in cafeterias in the city of Sobral-CE. Of the nine samples studied, 3 (33.33%) showed the presence of fecal coliform above the number allowed by RDC No. 12. It was found that several recommendations of the DRC (Board Resolution) No. 218 were not met: 100% (n = 3) snack sugar cane was stored without protection, 78% (n = 7) of the handlers had clothes dirty and poorly maintained, 55% (n = 5) of food handlers manuseavam concurrently and money without any aseptic. It is observed that one of the main factors of contamination refers to the conduct of handlers.

Candidose na medicina veterinária: um enfoque micológico, clínico e terapêutico / Candidosis on veterinary medicine: a mycological, clinical and therapeutic approuch

O gênero Candida é composto por leveduras que vivem como comensais na microbiota de homens e animais. Em geral, não causam nenhum dano aos seus hospedeiros, entretanto, em virtude de desequilíbrios nas defesas química, física e imunológica, esses microrganismos podem se tornar patogênicos. Infecções por Candida spp. são pouco frequentes na Medicina Veterinária no entanto, nos últimos anos, tem sido observado aumento considerável de relatos de enfermidades causadas por essas leveduras, acometendo diferentes animais. Várias espécies do gênero são implicadas em quadros infecciosos, sendo a C. albicans a principal delas, seguida por C. tropicalis e C. parapsilosis. Considerando-se o potencial patogênico do gênero Candida, aliado ao surgimento de cepas resistentes a derivados azólicos, in vitro, o presente trabalho se propôs a realizar detalhada revisão de literatura, abordando os aspectos clínico-laboratoriais, etiológicos e terapêuticos da candidose na Medicina Veterinária.

The Candida genus is composed by yeasts that live as commmensal on human and animals' microbiota. In general, they do not cause any damage to their hosts. However, due instability on chemical, physical and immunological defenses, these microorganisms can become pathogens. Candida spp. infections are rare on Veterinary Medicine. However, on the last years, a considerable raise of illness caused by these yeasts has been related on varied animal species. Several species of this genus has been mentioned as responsible for infectious diseases in animals, being C. albicans the main of them, followed by C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis. Considering the pathogenic role of the genus Candida, allied to the emerging of resistant strains to the azole derivatives, in vitro, the present research proposed to perform a detailed review, approaching clinic-laboratorial, etiologic and therapeutic aspects of the candidosis on Veterinary medicine.