Long-term molecular changes in WHO grade II astrocytomas following radiotherapy / 癌症

Monitoring the long-term radiotherapy-associated molecular changes in low-grade gliomas (LGGs) facilitates the understanding of LGG response to radiotherapy. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of Ki-67, tumor protein P53 (TP53), P21, and P27 in 8 paired WHO grade II astrocytoma samples. The interval between radiotherapy (RT) and the second surgery was more than 3 months in all cases. The average Ki-67 labeling index (LI) was 5.3% in pre-RT samples and 11.54% in post-RT samples. Ki-67 LI was higher in the primary tumors that underwent malignant transformation observed at the second surgery after radiation. Post-RT Ki-67 LI decreased in 2 cases with an interval of less than 12 months between RT and the second surgery. TP53 expression was found in 3 out of 4 pre-RT samples with malignant transformation and in 1 out of 4 pre-RT samples without malignant transformation. Post-RT TP53 increased in 2 cases in which increased expression of P21 or P27 was also observed. Our study suggests that radiotherapy can inhibit WHO grade II astrocytoma proliferation as reflected by Ki-67 LI, but the effect attenuates with time. In addition, there is a tendency of malignant transformation for WHO grade II astrocytomas with a high Ki-67 level or TP53 expression in initial samples.

Clinical significance of angiopoietin-2 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and its clinical significance in oral squamous cell carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of Ang-2 mRNA was measured by real-time RT-PCR, and the expression of Ang-2 protein in tissue samples was detected by immunohistochemical staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean dCt value of Ang-2 mRNA expression in the cancer tissue was 6.86 +/- 1.37, significantly lower than that in the paired adjacent non-cancerous tissue (7.95 +/- 2.08, P < 0.05), indicating a significantly higher expression of Ang-2 mRNA in the cancerous tissue than that in the adjacent non-cancerous tissue. The distribution of Ang-2 protein was found not only in the vascular endothelial cells but also in tumor cells. Semi-quantitative analysis revealed that the expression of Ang-2 protein in tumor specimens (53.6%) was significantly higher than that (24.0%) in the paired adjacent non-cancerous tissue (P < 0.05), the result was well consistent with that measured by RT-PCR. The dCt value of Ang-2 mRNA expression was 6.48 +/- 1.16 in the patients with metastasis in lymph nodes versus 7.16 +/- 1.49 in those without, with a non-significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). As regards the clinical stages, no significant difference was found between the expressions of Ang-2 mRNA in stage I + II (7.11 +/- 1.63) and stage III + IV cases (6.49 +/- 1.10, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Angiopoietin-2 protein is expressed not only in vascular endothelial cells, but also in tumor cells, suggesting that angiopoietin-2 may take part in angiogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, our results that high expression of angiopoietin-2 mRNA is not correlated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stages, needs to be further verified in a large scale study.</p>

Identification of differentially expressed genes in primary cultured nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by cDNA microarray / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the global gene expression profile of primary cultured nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells using cDNA microarray techniques to screen new candidate genes related to the occurrence and progression of NPC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A NPC cell line C666 and primary cultured NPC cells from biopsy specimens in 5 cases were analyzed with microarray techniques in comparison with 3 normal nasopharyngeal epithelial (NPE) biopsy specimens. Several differentially expressed genes identified from the microarray results were verified by fluorescence real-time PCR (FQ-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Primary cultured cells of both NPC and NPE were verified by cytokeratin IHC, EBER1 in situ hybridization and EBV-DNA real-time PCR. Compared with NPE cells, a total of 493 genes in at least 4/6 of the samples were identified to be differentially expressed in the primary cultured NPC cells, including 264 up-regulated and 229 down-regulated ones. Several differentially expressed genes according to the microarray results were confirmed by real-time PCR and IHC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>cDNA microarray technique provides an effective and accurate means for global gene expression profiling of primary cultured NPC cells to screen the differentially expressed genes, which may serve as an important basis for studying the mechanism, classification and diagnosis of NPC at the molecular level.</p>

Differential diagnosis between nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma and T-cell/histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the differential diagnosis between nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) and T-cell/histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma (TCRBCL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>15 cases of NLPHL and 16 cases of TCRBCL were studied on both morphology and immunophenotype according to the WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms. SP-immunohistochemical staining were performed on paraffin sections. In situ hybridization for EBER1/2 and gene rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) were carried out in 3 cases of NLPHL and 4 cases of TCRBCL, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Histologically, a few atypical large cells scattered in a background of small lymphocytes with or without histiocytes were a common finding in both NLPHL and TCRBCL. Of NLPHL, nodular pathern predominated in 11 cases, diffuse patterns without nodules in 3 cases and one case showed nodular and diffuse pattern intermixed with a increased number of large cells. 14 cases of TCRBCL showed diffuse pattern. One case with micronodular pattern involving the splenic white pulp. One case showed a combination of nodules of NLPHL, diffuse areas of TCRBCL and a sheet of large cells of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) within the same lymph node biopsy specimen. Immunophenotypically, the large cells showed and CD20, CD79a, bcl-6 and EMA positive, and CD15, CD30, CD3, CD45RO and LMP-1 negative. In NLPHL, small B cells and CD57 positive cells were common, whereas in TCRBCL, TIA-1 positive cytotoxic cells and histiocytes dominated, small B cells were scarce or absent. EBER1/2 were negative and gene rearrangement of IgH was found in all tested 3 cases of NLPHL and 4 cases of TCRBCL, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are some morphologic and immunophenotypic resemblance between NLPHL and TCRBCL. A combination of the morphological characteristics and the reactivity of the background cells for CD57 and TIA-1 seem to reliably discriminate between the entities and should therefore help to increase the interobserver reproducibility of diagnosis in the gray zone around Hodgkin lymphomas.</p>

High expression of nucleophosmin/B23 in hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of nucleophosmin/B23 (B23) in tumor cells of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its clinicopathologic significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mouse monoclonal antibodies against B23 were raised by recombinant protein and hybridoma technology. Immunohistochemical study for B23 was performed on 103 cases of HCC, 12 cases of focal nodular hyperplasia and 17 cases of native liver tissue adjacent to hepatic hemangioma. Fresh specimens from 10 cases of HCC and the adjacent liver tissue were also collected for reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. The expression of B23 was analyzed and compared with that of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in these specimens.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that B23 expression in HCC was higher than that in adjacent liver tissue. Statistically significant difference in expressions of B23 and PCNA were also noted in the four groups studied (P < 0.01). B23 and PCNA expressions in HCC were higher than those in the other three groups (P < 0.01). There was also a statistically significant correlation between B23 and PCNA expressions amongst the four groups (r = 0.4769, P < 0.01). Besides, B23 expression in HCC correlated with pathologic tumor grading, serum alpha-fetal protein levels and cirrhotic status (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>B23 expression in HCC was significantly higher than that in liver tissues with non-malignant diseases. B23 may be used as a marker for neoplastic changes in liver cells and thus has potential clinicopathologic application.</p>

Treatment outcome and prognosis of 112 patients with nasal and nasopharyngeal peripheral T cell lymphomas / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To retrospectively analyze the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of nasal and nasopharyngeal peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCL) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twelve patients with pathologically confirmed nasal and nasopharyngeal PTCL were included, among which 39 were CD56(+) NK/T cell lymphomas. The median pre-treatment disease course was 4 months. 84 were males and 28 females median age was 46 years. The tumors mainly involved nasal cavity (88 cases) and/or nasopharynx (50 cases) and adjacent structures, and 83 cases with extra-cavity diseases. 91.1% of the patients had Ann Arbor I(E)/II(E) diseases. The International Prognostic Indices (IPI) were less than 2 scores in 78.8% of the patients. Seventy two patients received combined chemo-radiotherapy, 32 chemotherapy only, 3 radiotherapy only and 5 no any treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Median follow-up duration was 42 months. Chemotherapy achieved a complete remission (CR) rate of 34.4% for initial treatment, and of 65.1% after primary treatment. The local tumor controlled rate was 50.5%, and the median time to tumor progression (TTP) was 11 months. There were evidences of systemic relapse in more than 30% of the patients. The extra-cavity tumors usually had a shorter TTP (r(s) = -0.191, P = 0.024). The progress-free survival and overall survival rates were 38.8% and 52.4% at 3 years, and 34.9% and 44.8% at 5 years respectively. Univariate analysis showed that favorable prognostic factors for survival were pre-treatment course > 3 months, earlier clinical stage, non NK/T lymphoma, no skin involvement, lower IPI, CR after initial chemotherapy, radiotherapy, CR after primary treatment and local tumor controlled. Multivariate analysis showed that, pre-treatment course > 3 months (P = 0.011), non NK/T lymphoma (P = 0.007), CR after initial chemotherapy (P = 0.008) and radiotherapy (P = 0.000) were favorable prognostic factors for survival.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Although most nasal and nasopharyngeal peripheral T-cell lymphomas were diagnosed at early stage diseases, some of them were highly aggressive with poor prognosis, particularly CD56(+) NK/T cell lymphomas. Combination chemo/radiotherapy, though remained principal treatments, more effective therapeutic modalities are expected.</p>

Effects of arsenic trioxideon the cell apoptosis and hTERT mRNA of human tongue cancer cells / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects and its mechanisms of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on cell growth and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) of human tongue cancer cells (Tca8113 cell line).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The growth inhibition rates of Tca8113 by various concentrations of As2O3 were detected by MTF method. Cell apoptosis was detected by FCM labeled with Annexin V-FITC. hTERT gene expression was detected by RT-PCR method. hTERT protein of Tca8113 cells was determined by Western blot assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results showed that As2O3 could inhibit the growth of Tca8113 effectively and apoptotic rate of Tca8113 cells was obviously increased in a dose and time-dependent manner. (83.40 +/- 7.31)% cells treated with 5 micromol/L As2O3 were inhibited on 72 hour point, the early apoptosis rate reached on 26.40% +/- 3.42% at that time. Moreover hTERT mRNA and protein were decreased depended on the dose and time of As2OC3, mRNA expressions of hTERT in test groups were greatly lower than that of control group on 72 hour point.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It was suggested that As2O3 could significantly inhibit the growth of Tca8113 cells by inducing causing cell apoptosis and down-regulating the expression of hTERT mRNA gene and protein which might be one of its action mechanisms.</p>

Clinical and pathological reassessment of 493 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas according to current WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical and pathological features of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and to evaluate the applicability of the new WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the new WHO classification, a total of 500 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma diagnosed during the period 1992 - 2003 were reviewed and reappraised with their morphological, immunological and clinical characteristics. Clinical survival analysis was performed in 156 cases that accompanied with follow-up data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 500 cases previously diagnosed as lymphomas, 493 cases (98.6%) were confirmed to be NHL, of which B-cell neoplasms was 69.0% and T/NK-cell neoplasms 29.8%. Overall, 6 subtypes including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), unspecified peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PT-un), precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL), extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type (MALT) and B-small lymphocytic lymphoma (B-SLL) were among the most common subtypes. In pediatric and young patient populations, the most common subtypes were LBL, DLBCL and Burkitt's lymphoma. The frequency of LBL in all patients, especially in the juniors, was much higher than those reported outside Mainland China, and the frequency of FL was much higher than the reported in Mainland China. The frequency of FL was much higher than the reported in Mainland China. Clinical survivals among different histological subtypes of NHL varied considerably with statistic significance (P < 0.001). Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma and SLL demonstrated the best prognosis, LBL and PT-un both the worst, whereas DLBCL and FL had an intermediate prognosis, however, subgrouping of FL according to WHO classification did not reveal a significant survival difference (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Basing upon the results of a comprehensive survey on the morphologic features, immunophenotyping and clinical data of the above cases, the new WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms is practical and easily applicable for routine pathological evaluation of lymphoproliferaive disorders and in guiding the clinical management. It appears that the diagnostic and grading criteria for FL in Mainland China need to be re-evaluated.</p>

T-cell/histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma: histology, immunophenotype and differential diagnosis / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the histology, immunophenotype and differential diagnosis of T-cell/histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma (TCRBCL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A review of 245 cases of so-called Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed during the period from 1980 to 2000 in 3 hospitals in Guangzhou, 8 cases were reclassified as TCRBCL, according to the 2001 World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. An additional 8 cases of TCRBCL were retrieved from consultation files, as well as routine biopsy cases encountered between 2000 and 2004. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on paraffin-embedded tissue by SP technique in order to study the immunophenotype of the large neoplastic cells (CD20, CD79a, CD3, CD45RO, CD15, CD30, CD10, bcl-6 and EMA) and background non-neoplastic cells (CD3, CD8, CD20, CD45RO, CD79a, CD57, CD68, CD21, CD35, cyclin D1, TIA-1). In-situ hybridization for EBER 1/2 and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement study were also performed in 4 and 4 cases respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the TCRBCL cases studied, there were 8 males and 8 females. The age of patients ranged from 10 to 68 years old (mean = 40.3 years old). All had lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. On presentation, 3 cases belonged to stage II, 10 cases stage III and 3 cases stage IV. Histologically, scattered atypical large neoplastic cells were seen in a background of small lymphocytes and sometimes histiocytes. The large cells exhibited CD20+, CD79a+, EMA+, CD15- and CD30- phenotype. On the other hand, the background small lymphocytes were CD3 and CD45RO-positive. Most of these background T cells expressed CD8 and TIA-1, while they were mostly CD57-negative. The histiocytic cells were CD68-positive; and CD21 and CD35-positive follicular dendritic cell meshworks were absent. In-situ hybridization for EBER 1/2 showed negative nuclear signals. Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement study revealed clonal pattern in all the 4 cases tested.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>TCRBCL is a rare subtype of lymphoma, with distinctive histology and immunophenotype. The above features are helpful in delineating this entity from Hodgkin lymphoma, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphomatoid granulomatosis.</p>

Clinicopathological features and prognosis of postirradiation osteosarcoma in nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Post irradiation osteosarcoma (PIOS) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare and a potential late complication of radiation. We investigate its clinicopathological features and prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>426 cases of bone sarcomas in Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University, China between 1964 and 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. Fifteen patients were determined to have PIOS after radiation of NPC. Its prevalence rate, onset time, site, image features, and treatment were described. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine the relative prognostic factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 12 patients undertaken radical surgery, one patient had residual tumor and six patients presented tumor recurrence five to 19 months (mean of nine months) after surgery. All patients survived seven to 41 months with a mean of 18 months. The one-year and two-year survival rates were 60% and 24% respectively. Female patients with large area of tumor bone formation in images had better survival than male patients without or few tumor bone formation. Age, radiation dosage, onset time of PIOS, tumor size, and treatment were probably not significant factors to prognosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PIOS in patients with NPC is a high malignant disease and often has poor prognosis. Surgery with pre-and post-operative chemotherapy might be a way to improve its survival.</p>

Effects of tea polyphenols on cell proliferation and hTERT of human Tca8113 cell lines / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of tea polyphenols (TP) on cell proliferation and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The experiment was divided into tea polyphenols 0.100 g/L, tea polyphenols 0.050 g/L and blank control groups. The inhibitory ratio of cell proliferation was assayed with MTT, and hTERT mRNA was detected by RT-PCR, and hTERT protein analyzed by Western-blotting. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls of SPSS 11.0 for windows.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Cell proliferations were significantly inhibited after exposure to TP. The proliferation inhibiting rate of TP 0.025, 0.050, 0.100, 0.200 g/L on Tca8113 cell at 72 h was 69.75% +/- 3.24%, 63.17% +/- 3.19%, 50.35% +/- 4.21% and 34.75% +/- 3.71%, respectively (F = 270.19, P < 0.05). At the end of 72 h, the hTERT mRNA expression in TP 0.100 g/L, 0.050 g/L and control group were 0.32 +/- 0.05, 0.41 +/- 0.04, 0.72 +/- 0.05, respectively (P < 0.05). The Western-blotting assay showed that hTERT protein was also decreased by tea polyphenols compared to control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Tea polyphenols could inhibit the proliferation of Tca8113 cells and expression of the hTERT mRNA and protein in Tca8113 cell lines. This effect might be one of the mechanisms for anticancer function of tea polyphenols.</p>

Tissue engineered bone reconstruction with modified PLGA/Type-I collagen compound scaffold / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To fabricate bone grafts by bone marrow stromal cell combined with modified PLGA/Type-I collagen compound scaffold using tissue engineering method.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The modified PLGA/Type-I collagen compound scaffold was fabricated. The rabbit primary cultured osteoblasts were identified and seeded onto the modified compound scaffold for one week in vitro. The adhesion and growth of cells were observed with scanning electron microscope. The complex of cells and scaffold was implanted into the subcutaneous region of rabbits and new bone formation was evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rabbit bone marrow stromal cells were induced and differentiated into osteoblasts. The adhesion and growth of osteoblasts in cluster were observed on the surface of scaffolds. New bone formation was observed at one month postoperatively and active osteoblasts were found on the surface of the newly formed bone in vivo.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The complex of PLGA and type-I collagen is an appropriate biodegradable scaffold and can be applied in bone tissue engineering.</p>

The relationship between lymphangiogenesis and cervical lymph node micrometastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To probe the relationship between lymphangiogenesis and cervical lymph node micrometastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The microlymphatic vessel density was detected with enzyme histo-chemical method in 47 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 10 cases of normal oral mucosa; 355 lymphnodes were detected with immunohistochemically using monoantibody AE3.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean MLVD was 14.04 +/- 6.92 in tumor group, or 5.48 +/- 2.62 in normal group. The difference was (P < 0.001). The percentage of tumor with expression CK was 48.9%. The mean MLVD was 16.94 +/- 5.43 in CK positive group, or 11.26 +/- 5.00 in CK negative group, There was difference significant (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Lymphangiogenesis plays a key role in cervical lymph node micrometastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.</p>

Expression related to vascular endothelial growth factor C and induced nitride oxide synthesizase in lymph node micrometastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and induced nitride oxide synthesizase (iNOS) expression in lymph node micrometastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Samples were obtained from 47 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 15 cases with normal oral mucosa, VEGF-C and iNOS mRNA expression were detected by RT-PCR method. Lymph node micrometastasis of 10 normal lymph nodes and 355 lymph nodes from 47 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma was detected with immunohistochemical reaction in cytokeratin antibody.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The percentages in tumors with higher expression were 57.4% for VEGF-C, 68.1% for iNOS (P < 0.05). They were significantly higher than that of normal groups. Significant positive relationship was found between VEGF-C and iNOS (P < 0.01). The positive rate of cytokeratin (CK) was 48.9%. Significant positive relationship was found between VEGF-C and CK, iNOS and CK (P < 0.01). The expression rates of CK in positive group of VEGF-C and iNOS were 63.0%, 65.6% respectively, and were significant higher than negative groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Expression of VEGF-C and iNOS in lymph node micrometastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma is significant related.</p>

Giant pathologic section in the study of optimal length of surgical resection for esophageal carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the optimal surgical resection length for esophageal carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Specimens of seventy patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma resected and collected in our hospital were made into pathologic giant sections. Direct intramural infiltration, multicentric carcinogenic lesion and leaping metastasis were observed in the large slice by microscope. The actual length during the operation was calculated by the ratio of shrinkage.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Direct intramural infiltration was found in 51 (72.9%) patients, 39 proximal and 36 distal to the tumor. The mean length of direct intramural infiltration was 0.9 +/- 0.8 cm (4.0 cm maximum) proximally and 0.5 +/- 0.3 cm (2.0 cm maximum) distally. Multicentric carcinogenic lesion was found in 11 (15.7%) patients, 5 proximally, 8 distally and 2 on both sides. Proximal to the tumor, the mean distance between the multicentric carcinogenic lesion and the main lesion plus the length of the multiple carcinogenic lesion was 3.2 +/- 1.5 cm (4.7 cm maximum). Distal to the tumor, it was 3.6 +/- 2.4 cm (9.1 cm maximum). Leaping metastasis was found in 9 (12.9%) patients, 7 proximally and 4 distally. The mean distance between the leaping metastasis and the main lesion plus the length of the leaping metastatic lesion was 1.9 +/- 0.6 cm (2.9 cm maximum) proximally and 1.4 +/- 1.0 cm (2.7 cm in maximum) distally.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The optimal surgical resection length for esophageal carcinoma should be at least 5 cm proximal to the tumor and total length on the distal side.</p>

Antiangiogenesis effect of linomide in treatment of transplanted human oral carcinoma in nude mice and its relations to regulation on cytokine secretion of macrophage / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antiangiogenesis effect of linomide in treatment of transplanted human squamous cell carcinoma of tongue in BALB/C nude mice and to study its relations to regulation on cytokine secretion of macrophages. METHODS: An animal model was established by inoculating the human squamous cell carcinoma cell line Tca8113 into the BALB/c nu/nu nude mice. The mice were randomly divided into three groups and received linomide therapy. The microvessel density (MVD) in the tumor tissue was investigated by immunohistochemistry The productions of TNFalphaand GM-CSF of peritoneal macrophages derived from the tumor -bearing nude mice and cultured murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 after linomide treatment were detected by ELISA assay. RESULTS: It showed that the tumor weight of mice injected intraperitoneally with 100 mg/kg d-(1), 50 mg/kg d-(1) linomide and mice of control group were 0.47+/-0.25g, 0.92+/-0.30g and 1.75+/-0.38g, respectively. The microvessel density (MVD) in tumor tissue from mice treated with linomide 100 mg/kg d-(1), 50 mg/kg d-(1) decreased 38.2%, 57.8% respectively when compared with that in mice of control group. After linomide treatment, the function of TNFalpha secretion of peritoneal macrophages from tumor-bearing nude mice was significantly inhibi ted when compared with macrophages from untreated mice. And linomide inhibited the release of TNFalpha of RAW264.7 cells in a dose dependent manner. CONCLUSION: It indicats that linomide can effectively inhibit the growth of human squamous carcinoma of tongue in nude mice and decrease the microvessel density in the tumor tissue. The affection of release of antiangiogenic factor TNFalpha of macrophage may be an important mechanism of antitumor activity of linomide.

Automated recognition and identification of soft tissue landmarks in cephalematric analysis / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE: To establish the automatic x-ray cephalometric analysis system to provide the convenient and reliable method for clinical cephalometric analysis. METHODS The graphics, image processing techniques and artificial intelligence was usedand the computer digital image processing and pattern recognition such as median filtering, histogram equalization, Laplacian and Canny edge detection were introduced. To provide the templates of the variable anatomical structures, which could automatically outline the contour lines of the hard and soft tissues. Thirty five cases were measured and analysied with the system. RESULTS: The computer measurements had the same consistency with hand measurements. The system could calculate more precisely and save more time and energy than other systems. CONCLUSION: The system can supply a more convenient and precise measurement for cephalometry.

Experimental study on allogeneic mandible transplantation combined with basic fibroblast growth factor / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor(b-FGF) on revascularization and bone remodeling of allogeneic mandible transplantation in repair of mandible defects in rabbits. METHODS: The mandible defects of 20 adult rabbits were created in both sides. The defects on the left side were implanted with allogeneic bone and local administration of b-FGF; the defects on the right side were only repaired with allogeneic bone as control group. At 1, 3 months after operation, the revascularization and bone remodeling were observed by ink-gelation vascular perfusion-transparency and histological examination. RESULTS: The allogeneic bone and b-FGF group had more marked vascularization and more quick and complete bone formation than control group. CONCLUSION: b-FGF can improve revascularization and bone formation after allogeneic mandible transplantation; allogeneic bone combined with b-FGF is a promising bone substitute in clinical uses.