Factors affecting concurrent sarcopenia among patients with cardiovascular diseases / 预防医学

Objective @#To investigate the factors affecting concurrent sarcopenia among patients with cardiovascular diseases, so as to provide insights into early identification and prevention of cardiovascular diseases complicated with sarcopenia. @*Methods@#A total of 250 inpatients with cardiovascular diseases in the Sixth Division Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps were recruited and divided into the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups according to the diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia. Subjects' basic characteristics, body mass index, blood biochemical indicators and human body composition parameters were collected using questionnaire surveys, and factors affecting concurrent sarcopenia among patients with cardiovascular diseases using a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@#Among the 250 patients with cardiovascular diseases, there were 149 males (59.60%) and 101 females (40.40%). The overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 8.40% among the study subjects. The mean age and body mass index were (75.19±9.74) and (20.77±2.19) kg/m2 in the sarcopenia group and (65.24±11.50) years and (25.85±2.87) kg/m2 in the non-sarcopenia group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age (OR=1.115, 95%CI: 1.030-1.207) and body mass index (OR=0.582, 95%CI: 0.445-0.761) were as factors affecting concurrent sarcopenia among patients with cardiovascular diseases. @*Conclusion@#Advanced age and low body mass index may increase the risk of concurrent sarcopenia among patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Clinical Characteristics and Survival Analysis of Patients with Plasma Cell Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical characteristics, therapeutic response and prognosis of patients with plasma cell leukemia (PCL) and improve the understanding of this disease.@*METHODS@#The clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and treatment response of 27 patients with plasma cell leukemia treated in The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from December 2010 to August 2019 were analyzed retrospectively, and their clinical characteristics were summarized. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis.@*RESULTS@#There were 18 cases of primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) and 9 cases of secondary plasma cell leukemia (sPCL). The male to female ratio was 1.7∶1. The median age was 62 years old. The first manifestations were bone pain, fatigue, fever, splenomegaly and bleeding, and a large number of plasma cell infiltration was observed in the morphological examination of peripheral blood and bone marrow cells. 13 cases were detected by immunotyping and all of them expressed CD38/CD138. 8 cases underwent karyotype analysis, and 3 cases were normal, clonal abnormalities occurred in 5 cases. FISH detection was performed in 12 cases, of which 8 cases were abnormal. In 17 cases of bortezomib based chemotherapy, the ovevall response rate was 52.9%, which was higher than that in the non-bortezomib group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P =0.242). The overall median survival time of 27 patients was 6.4 months, the median progression-free survival time was 3.5 months, and the median survival time of patients with pPCL and sPCL was 8.2 months and 2.4 months, respectively, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P =0.031).@*CONCLUSION@#PCL is highly invasive and has diverse clinical manifestations, and is not sensitive to traditional chemotherapy. The median survival time of patients with pPCL is relatively longer than that of patients with sPCL. The chemotherapy regimen based on bortezomib improves the treatment effectiveness and prolongs the survival time of PCL patients.

Clinical Characteristics and Survival Analysis of Patients with Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors and efficacy of hypomethylating agent (HMA) in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 37 newly diagnosed patients with CMML was analyzed retrospectively, and their clinical characteristics and the efficacy of HMA were summarized. Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank test were used for univariate survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for multivariate analysis.@*RESULTS@#The median age at diagnosis was 67 years old. Their common manifestations included fatigue, bleeding, abnormal blood routine and fever. Most patients had splenomegaly. According to FAB classification, there were 6 cases of myelodysplastic CMML and 31 cases of myeloproliferative CMML, while according to WHO classification, 8 patients belonged to CMML-0, 9 patients to CMML-1 and 20 patients to CMML-2. At the time of diagnosis, the median white blood cell count was 32.84×109/L, median hemoglobin (Hb) was 101 g/L, median platelet count was 65×109/L, median absolute monocyte count was 9.53×109//L, median absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was 11.29×109//L and median lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was 374 U/L. Cytogenetic abnormalities were found in 4 cases among the 31 patients who underwent karyotype analysis or fluorescence in situ hybridization detection. There were 12 patients who had analyzable results and gene mutations were identified in 11 cases, including ASXL1, NRAS, TET2, SRSF2 and RUNX1. Among the 6 patients who were treated with HMA and could be evaluated for efficacy, 2 patients achieved complete remission, 1 patient achieved partial remission and 2 patients achieved clinical benefit. Compared with the non-HMA treatment group, overall survival (OS) time was not significantly prolonged in the HMA treatment group. Univariate analysis showed that Hb<100 g/L, ANC≥12×109/L, LDH≥250 U/L and peripheral blood (PB) blasts ≥5% were significantly associated with poor OS, while WHO classification CMML-2, Hb<100 g/L, ANC≥12×109/L, LDH≥250 U/L and PB blasts≥5% were significantly associated with poor leukemia-free survival (LFS) (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that ANC≥12×109/L and PB blasts≥5% were significantly associated with poor OS and LFS (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#CMML has high heterogeneity in clinical characteristics, genetic changes, prognosis and treatment response. HMA can not significantly improve the survival of CMML patients. ANC≥12×109/L and PB blasts≥5% are independent prognostic factors of OS and LFS in patients with CMML.

Effect of targeting vascular endothelial growth factor by microRNA-126 on neuronal damage in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the effect of targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by microRNA-126 (miR-126) on neuronal damage in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methods Newborn 7 days old SD male rats were randomly divided into four group, sham operation group (group A), HIE group (group B), HIE+negative control group (group C), and HIE+miR-126 overexpression group (group D), eighteen in each group. After modeling, neurological deficit score and brain water content were measured. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of CAI area in hippocampus of brain in each group. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-126 and VEGF. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of VEGF in CAI area in hippocampus of brain. Double luciferase target experiment was used to verify the targeting relationship between miR-126 and VEGF gene. Flow cytometry was used to detect neuron apoptosis in hippocampus. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of cleaved-Caspase-3 protein in brain tissue of rats in each group. Results There was no neurobehavioral damage in group A, the neurobehavioral score was 0, and the brain tissue was not damaged; the neurobehavioral scores in group B and group C were (2. 50±0. 55) and (2. 33±0. 82) respectively, and the brain tissue damage was obvious; the neurobehavioral score in group D was ( 1. 50 ±0. 55), and the damage of brain tissue was improved. Compared with the group A, the neurobehavioral score (P<0. 05) and brain water content of group B and group C increased significantly (P<0. 05); Compared with the group B, the neurobehavioral score (P<0. 05) and brain water content of group D (P<0. 05) decreased. Compared with the group A, the expression level of miR-126, VEGF mRNA and protein, neuron apoptosis rate and cleaved-Caspase-3 in brain tissue of group B and group C were all significantly lower (P<0. 05). Compared with the group B, the expression level of miR-126, VEGF mRNA and protein, neuron apoptosis rate and cleaved-Caspase-3 in hippocampus of group D were all significantly higher (P<0. 05). The result of luciferase reporter gene experiment showed that miR-126 and VEGF could be targetly binded. Conclusion Overexpression of miR-126 can reduce neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus of brain and improve the development of HIE. The mechanism may be related to the targeted inhibition of VEGF gene expression by miR-126.

Protective effect of recombinant adult serine protease inhibitor from Trichinella spiralis on sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in mice / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effect of recombinant adult serine protease inhibitor from Trichinella spiralis (TsadSPI) on sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in mice. Methods A total of 18 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the sham-operation group, the model group, and the TsadSPI treatment group, of 6 mice in each group. Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury was modeled in the model group and TsadSPI treatment group by cecal ligation puncture (CLP), while mice in the sham-operation group were only given exploratory laparotomy without ligation or perforation of the cecum. After 30 min of CLP, mice in the sham-operation group and the model group were intraperitoneally injected with PBS (100 μL), and mice in the TsadSPI treatment group were intraperitoneally injected with PBS (100 μL) containing TsadSPI (2 μg). At 12 h following modeling, the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured to assess the liver and kidney functions, and the changes of the mouse kidney structure were observed using HE staining. In addition, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65 expression was determined in kidney tissues using immunohistochemical staining. Results At 12 h following CLP, there were significant differences in the serum levels of ALT (F = 41.031, P < 0.001), AST (F = 54.757, P < 0.001), Cr (F = 24.142, P < 0.001) and BUN (F = 214.849, P < 0.001) among the three groups, and higher levels of ALT, AST, Cr and BUN were measured in model group than in the sham-operation group (P < 0.001), while lower ALT, AST, Cr and BUN levels were found in the TsadSPI treatment group than in the model group (P < 0.001). HE staining showed severe mouse kidney injuries following CLP, and TsadSPI treatment resulted in remarkable alleviation of the injury. ELISA measured significant differences in the TNF-α (F = 47.502, P < 0.001) and IL-6 levels (F = 222.061, P < 0.001) among the three groups, and showed a remarkable reduction in the TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the TsadSPI treatment group as compared to those in the model group (P < 0.001). In addition, there were significant differences in serum IL-10 (F = 16.227, P < 0.001) and TGF-β levels (F = 52.092, P < 0.001) among the three groups, and higher IL-10 and TGF-β levels were seen in the TsadSPI treatment group than in the model group (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical staining showed greater MyD88 expression and a higher nuclear positive rate of NF-κB p65 in kidney tissues in the model group than in the TsadSPI treatment group. Conclusions TsadSPI may reduce the MyD88 expression and nuclear positive rate of NF-κB p65 in mouse kidney tissues to up-regulate the expression of immunomodulatory factors and down-regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby protecting sepsis-associated acute kidney injury.

Comparative study on differences of resin-containing drugs in Dracaena from different appearance based on HS-GC-MS and chemometrics / 中国中药杂志

Resin-containing drugs in Dracaena from four different appearances were analyzed by headspace sampling-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-GC-MS) metabolomics technique and hierarchical clustering analysis(HCA) chemometrics method. This study was to analyze differential volatile components in resin-containing drugs in Dracaena from different appearance and metabolic pathways. The results of partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) and HCA analysis indicated that there was little difference in volatile components between fiber-rich sample and hollow cork cambium sample, however, the volatile components in the two samples compared with whole body resin-containing sample and resin-secreting aggregated sample had a large metabolic difference. Twenty differential metabolites were screened by VIP and P values of PLS-DA. The content of these differential metabolites was significantly higher in whole body resin-containing sample and resin-secreting aggregated sample than in fiber-rich sample and hollow cork cambium sample. Sixteen significant metabolic pathways were obtained through enrichment analysis(P<0.05), mainly involved in terpenoids biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid metabolism. This result provided a reference for further study of resin formation mechanism of resin-containing drugs in Dracaena from different appearances. At the same time, it also provided a reference for establishing a multi-index quality evaluation system.

Research progress of hepatocellular carcioma patient-derived human tumor xenograft models / 中国药理学通报

Patient-derived human tumor xenograft (PDX) models can maintain the histopathological, growth and metastasis characteristics of primary tumors well, and can still retain these characteristics of primary tumors in large degreeafter multiple passages. It is closely related to the tumors of primary patients with great importance in scientific research. The hepatocellular carcinoma PDX models has been used in patients'individualized drug screening, evaluation of drug efficacy, exploration of treatment direction, occurrence and development mechanism of hepatocellular carcinoma, etc. It shows excellent application prospects. This article reviews the methods, applications and tumorigenie factors of hepatocellular carcinoma PDX model.

Advances in studies on steroidal alkaloids and their pharmacological activities in genus Veratrum / 中国中药杂志

Genus Veratrum plants contain a diversity of steroidal alkaloids, so far at least 184 steroidal alkaloids attributed to cevanine type(A-1～A-69), veratramine type(B-1～B-21), jervanine type(C-1～C-31), solanidine type(D-1～D-10) and verazine type(E-1～E-53), respectively, have been isolated and identified in the genus Veratrum. Their pharmacological activities mainly focused on decreasing blood pressure, anti-platelet aggregation and anti-thrombosis, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, and antitumor effect. This paper classified and summarized the 184 kind of steroidal alkaloids from the Veratrum plants and their major pharmalogical activities in order to provide the scientific basis for the further development and utilization of active alkaloids.

Identification of A Case of DEL Blood Group with DAT Positive Phenotype and Pedigree Analysis / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To identify the blood group of a patient with DEL phenotype combined with positive direct anti-human globulin test and to analyze the pedigree.@*METHODS@#Routine serological reagents were used for serological analysis of RhD blood group in the pedigree members. Exons and flanking sequences of RHD gene were amplified, sequenced and analyzed for heterozygosity. The familial genetic state of DEL phenotype was further analyze in the family members.@*RESULTS@#The DAT was strongly positive in the proband. The 1227G>A allele (RHD*DEL1) was present in the exon 9 of RHD gene, and the mother was the carrier of RHD*DEL1. The proband was identified as RHD+/RHD-, suggesting the CDe/Cde haplotype.@*CONCLUSION@#The proband is DEL phenotype (RHD*DEL1).

Diterpenoids as PPARγ agonists from Siegesbeckia pubescens and their anti-inflammatory effects in vitro / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to investigate the PPARγ agonists isolated from the aqueous extract of Siegesbeckia pubescens( SPA) and their anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. The 293 T cells transfected transiently with PPARγ recombinant plasmid were used as a screening model to guide the isolation of PPARγ activitating components,and then PPARγ activities were measured by double luciferase reporter gene assay. The chemical structures were identified by chromatography or spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore,a UC inflammatory model in vitro was established on HT-29 cells by stimulating with TNF-α． The mRNA levels and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines on HT-29 cells,such as IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-8,were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA. The results showed that five diterpenoids were obtained from the fraction D_(50) with the strongest PPARγ activity among others in SPA,and determined as kirenol( 1),darutigenol( 2),enantiomeric-2-ketone-15,16,19-three hydroxypinomane-8( 14)-ene-19-O-β-D-glucoside( 3),darutoside( 4),enantiomeric-2-β,15,16,19-four hydroxypinomane-8( 14)-ene-19-O-β-D-glucoside( 5),respectively. All the compounds exhibited active effects on PPARγ in a concentration-dependent manner( P<0. 01). In addition,compound 1 significantly inhibited the expression of IL-1β mRNA and secretion of IL-8 on HT-29 cells inflammation model( P<0. 001); both compounds 2 and 3 effectively inhibited the expression of IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-8 mRNA and secretion of IL-8( P<0. 01 or P<0. 001),although at different extent; compound 4 significantly inhibited the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA( P<0. 01 or P<0. 001),while compound 5 inhibited the expression of IL-1β mRNA obviously( P<0. 001). In conclusion,the diterpenoids 1-5 isolated from S. pubescens have the PPARγ activation activities and potential effects of anti-UC in vitro.

Efficacy and Safety of Teriflunomide in Chinese Patients with Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis: A Subgroup Analysis of the Phase 3 TOWER Study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Disease-modifying therapy is the standard treatment for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in remission. The primary objective of the current analysis was to assess the efficacy and safety of two teriflunomide doses (7 mg and 14 mg) in the subgroup of Chinese patients with relapsing MS included in the TOWER study.@*Methods@#TOWER was a multicenter, multinational, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group (three groups), placebo-controlled study. This subgroup analysis includes 148 Chinese patients randomized to receive either teriflunomide 7 mg (n = 51), teriflunomide 14 mg (n = 43), or placebo (n = 54).@*Results@#Of the 148 patients in the intent-to-treat population, adjusted annualized relapse rates were 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44, 0.92) in the placebo group, 0.48 (95% CI: 0.33, 0.70) in the teriflunomide 7 mg group, and 0.18 (95% CI: 0.09, 0.36) in the teriflunomide 14 mg group; this corresponded to a significant relative risk reduction in the teriflunomide 14 mg group versus placebo (-71.2%, P = 0.0012). Teriflunomide 14 mg also tended to reduce 12-week confirmed disability worsening by 68.1% compared with placebo (hazard ratio: 0.319, P = 0.1194). There were no differences across all treatment groups in the proportion of patients with treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs; 72.2% in the placebo group, 74.5% in the teriflunomide 7 mg group, and 69.8% in the teriflunomide 14 mg group); corresponding proportions for serious adverse events were 11.1%, 3.9%, and 11.6%, respectively. The most frequently reported TEAEs with teriflunomide versus placebo were neutropenia, increased alanine aminotransferase, and hair thinning.@*Conclusions@#Teriflunomide was as effective and safe in the Chinese subpopulation as it was in the overall population of patients in the TOWER trial. Teriflunomide has the potential to meet unmet medical needs for MS patients in China.@*Trial Registration@#ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00751881; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00751881?term=NCT00751881&rank=1.

Identification of Phenotype and Genotype in One Case with Weak D blood group / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the phenotype and genotype of the weak D blood group in one case of Chinese Han people.@*METHODS@#Phenotype of blood sample was identified with serologic tests; PCR-SBT was applied for the analysis of genotype and RhD zygosity.@*RESULTS@#Both saline and gel card tests demonstrated this case to be dCcee, which was contrary to glass bead card result. Some of the RBC D epitopes were negative.c.1022T>A allele was identified with PCR-SBT and the zygosity analysis showed this case to be D/d.@*CONCLUSION@#RHD*1022 A is more suitable to be categorized as weak partial D other than weak D in a Chinese Han people.

Problems and countermeasures of physician multi-sited license based on the Grounded Theory:A perspective of the doctors / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:Based on Grounded Theory,the objective of this study is to explore the problems of Phy-sician multi-sited license in Zunyi, Guizhou Province from the perspective of doctors and putting forward the corre-sponding countermeasures. Methods:From January to July,2017,based on purposive sampling and Grounded Theo-ry,43 doctors from nine medical institutions in Zunyi of Guizhou Province were interviewed using semi-structural in-terview syllabus. With the help of open coding, axial coding, selective coding, multi-sited licensed Physician were integrated to explore existing problems, and putting forward corresponding countermeasures. Results:After three-grade coding,105 concepts,17 categories,7 main categories and 5 core categories of multi-sited licensed Physicians were concluded. Then, 5 lines of Physician multi-sited license were formed, including development prospect and doctors aspiration, the factors that could stimulate development, development difficulties, relative supporting poli-cies,service needs and practice condition. Conclusion:The majority of doctors are willing to carry out multi-sited prac-tice,the relevant laws and regulations,the specific implementation details,salary distribution system and the improve-ment of treatment scheme of medical negligence,the support of medical institutions,the transformation of medical insti-tutions management,the necessary medical conditions that the second place of practice should provide,the distance of second place of practice which should be fully considered,the convenience of traffic conditions and corresponding team-work support are necessary requirements to be taken into consideration to carry out physician multi-sited license.

Analgesic effect of femoral nerve block versus adductor canal block after total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: In recent years, extensive studies on the pain management after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have identified different ways of analgesia. Among which, femoral nerve block (FNB) is the standard antalgic method post-TKA for its effective analgesia, but it may reduce the muscle strength of the quadriceps after TKA and cause serious consequences. Adductor canal block (ACB) is a novel antalgic method that provides fast functional recovery and good ability of pain control after TKA. OBJECTIVE: To compare the functional recovery and ability of pain control of ACB and FNB after TKA through a meta-analysis. METHODS: Databases of WanFang, CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for the literature concerning the analgesia and functional recovery after TKA published before March 2017. The articles were evaluated according to the Cochrane system and a meta-analysis was conducted on Revman 5.1. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Twelve articles were included involving 802 patients with 872 knees. (2) Meta-analysis results showed that compared with FNB, ACB significantly reduced the Visual Analogue Scale scores at rest at 8 hours postoperatively (P < 0.001) and significantly improved the muscle strength of quadriceps femoris (P < 0.001) and motor capacity (Timed Up and Go test) (P < 0.05); but the scores at rest at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively, and the scores in activity at postoperative different time points, usage of opioids, and hospitalization time did not differ significantly between two groups. (3) ACB can achieve better analgesia at the early period (8 hours) after TKA, better motor capacity and stronger muscle strength of the quadriceps femoris; thereafter, it is a substitute for FNB after TKA.

Experimental Research of Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000254 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To clone the circular RNA hsa_circ_0000254 and construct its lentiviral over-expression vector.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The sequence of hsa_circ_0000254 (a total of 524 bp long) was synthesized and cloned by using pGH vector. The vector was cut by EcoR I and BamH I, and artificial hsa_circ_0000254 was obtained, then inserted in pLCDH-ciR to construct the recombinant expression vector pLCDH-circ254(C254), which was confirmed by DNA sequencing. The lentiviral expression vectors pLCDH-circ254(C254) and NC(pLCDH-ciR) were cotransfected into 293T cells by lipofectamine 2000(lipo2000). After transfection for 40 hours, the cells were collected and verified by PCR and sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Restriction analysis and DNA sequencing demonstrated that the lentiviral vector pLCDH-circ254(C254) was constructed successfully, the expression efficiency increased 10000 times after transfection of cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The successful construction of the lentiviral expression vector pLCDH-circ254(C254) results in the production of high-titer lentivirus, so as to facilitate further study of the molecular functions of hsa_circ_0000254.</p>

Intervention with Schistosoma japonicum cysteine protease inhibitor for treatment of lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis in mice / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Schistosoma japonicum cysteine protease inhibitor (rSjCystatin) for treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After a week of adaptive feeding, 54 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal control group (group A), sepsis group (group B), and rSjCystatin intervention group (group C). The mice in group A received an intraperitoneal injection of PBS (100 µL), and those in groups B and C were injected with PBS (100 µL) containing LPS (10 mg/kg); the mice in group C were also intraperitoneally injected with 25 µg sjCystatin in 100 µL PBS 30 min after LPS injection. From each group, 10 mice were randomly selected 24 h after PBS or LPS injection for detecting serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 using ELISA and the levels of ALT, AST, BUN, and Cr using automatic biochemical analyzer; the pathological changes in the liver, lung and kidney were observed with HE staining. The remaining 8 mice in each group were used for observing the changes in the general condition and the 72-h survival.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 72-h survival rates of the mice was 100% in group A, 0 in group B, and 36% in group C, showing a significant difference among the 3 groups (P<0.05). Compared with those in group A, the mice in group B exhibited obvious liver, lung, and renal pathologies with increased levels of ALT, AST, BUN, Cr, IL-6, and TNF-α (P<0.05). Treatment with sjCystatin significantly lessened LPS-induced organ pathologies, lowered the levels of liver and renal functional indexes and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased the serum level of IL-10 in the mice (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SjCystatin can produce a significant therapeutic effect on sepsis induced by LPS in mice.</p>

Curcumin inhibits advanced glycation end products-induced cell apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction via elevating PPARγ in chondrocyte / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the mechanism of the protective effect of curcumin on advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction whether by elevating peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) or not.Methods The ratio of apoptotic cells was assayed by TUNEL;the mitochondrial membrane potential(△Ψm) was evaluated by Rhodamine-123 fluorescence.The ATP content was assayed by related kits.The activity of caspase-3 was detected by spectrophotometry.The expression of cytochrome C,Bax,and Bcl-2 was detected by Western blot.The PPARγ expression was determined by Western blot and real-time PCR;in addition,its activity was assayed by DNA-binding method.Results AGEs could induce chondrocyte apoptosis and up-regulate the levels of cytochrome C and caspase-3.Simultaneously,AGEs decreased the levels of △ Ψm and ATP production.Mitochondrial permeability conversion pore inhibitor cyclosporine A could significantly protect the cells from apoptosis.In addition,both PPARγ specific agonist pioglitazone and curcumin significantly inhibited AGEs-induced chondrocytes apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction.However,pretreatment with PPARγ specific inhibitor GW9662 (10 μ mol · L-1) could significantly antagonize the protective effect of curcumin on mitochondrial damage induced by AGEs.Curcumin could also significantly increase PPARγtranscriptional activity induced by AGEs,together with a significant induction of PPARγprotein and mRNA expression.Conclusion Curcumin could effectively protect AGEs-induced chondrocyte mitochondrial dysfunction by upregulating PPARγ,thus protecting chondrocytes from apoptosis.

Clinical observation on the effect of joint mobilization in treating elderly patients after distal radius fractures operation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of joint mobilization on postoperative wrist joint function, pain and grip strength for elderly patients with distal radius fracture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2015 to June 2016, a total of 67 elderly patients with distal radius fracture were randomly divided into routine exercise group and joint mobilization group. Among them, 37 patients in the routine exercise group underwent conventional distal radius fracture postoperative joint function exercise regimen, including 16 males and 21 females with a mean age of (67.8±3.2) years old ranging from 60 to 72 years old;the injured side was dominant in 23 cases and non-dominant in 14 cases;injury mechanism was fall in 26 cases, traffic accident in 11 cases; for AO type, 6 cases were type B3, 18 cases were type C1, 7 cases were type C2, 6 cases was type C3. Other 30 patients in the joint mobilization group underwent joint mobilization on the basis of the routine exercise group including 14 males and 16 females with a mean age of (67.1±4.0) years old ranging from 61 to 74 years old; the injured side was dominant in 21 cases and non-dominant in 9 cases;injury mechanism was fall in 25 cases, traffic accident in 5 cases;for AO type, 8 cases were type B3, 13 cases were type C1, 6 cases were type C2, 9 cases were type C3. The wrist joint activity, Gartland-Werley wrist joint function score, VAS pain score and grip strength were observed at 3 months afrer treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 3 months' treatment, the VAS in the routine exercise group was higher than that of the joint mobilization group (<0.05). The grip strength of affected side in both groups were lower than that of contralateral side, but the average grip strength of affected side in joint mobilization group was higher than that in routine exercise group(<0.05). In routine exercise group, the average angle of flexion, extension, radial deviation were significantly higher than those of joint mobilization group(<0.05). But ulnar deviation angle in routine exercise group compared with joint mobilization group had no significant difference (>0.05). In the comparison of each item of Gartland-Werley, there was no significant difference between two groups in residual deformity and complication(>0.05); the average score of subjective score, objective score and total score in routine exercise group were significantly higher than those of the joint mobilization group (<0.05). The wrist function Gartland-Werley score in routine exercise group after treatment was excellent in 21 cases, good in 10, 6 in fair, while in joint mobilization group, excellent in 23, good in 6, fair in 1(<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The application of joint mobilization in the treatment of elderly patients with distal radius fracture can improve the joint activity and obtain better wrist function after surgery.</p>

Nutritional risks in hospitalized patients with liver diseases and the countermeasures / 现代临床护理

Objective To investigate the nutritional risks in hospitalized patients with liver diseases and work out nursing countermeasures.Methods Forty patients with liver cirrhosis, 40 patients with primary liver cancer and another 40 revisiting after liver transplantation involved in the investigation with a self-designed general information questionnaire and the nutritional risk screening 2002. The three groups were compared in terms of nutritional risks.Results Among the total 120 patients,38.3%(46/120)of them took the nutritional risk and even 12.5%(15/120)had the risk of undernourishment.The risk in the patients with liver cirrhosis was higher than that in the other two groups(χ2=9.899 and 11.4299 and P=0.002 and 0.001,respectively).Conclusions The nursing staffs should pay attention to the nutritional status of patients with liver diseases, especially the patients with liver cirrhosis.It is necessary to take effective measures in order to improve the nutritional status of the patients to reduce the nutritional risks.

Cultivation and identification of human colon cancer stem cell-like cells and antiproliferative effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids / 中国病理生理杂志

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To cultivate stem-like spheres from SW620 cell line in the specific serum-free medium and evaluate the features of the cancer stem cells, and to investigate the effects of docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA) and eicosapen-taenoic acid ( EPA) on the growth of SW620 stem cell-like cells.METHODS: Human colon cancer stem cell-like cells ( CSCLC) were obtained from SW620 spheres cultured in serum-free medium.These cells were tested for the expression of SSEA-1 and TRA-1-81 by immunofluorescence staining.The mRNA expression of Sox-2 and Oct-4 was detected by real-time PCR.The efficiency of colony formation on a soft agar gel and tumor formation in the nude mice was compared between SW620 adherent cells and CSCLC.The inhibitory effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin C on both types of cells were measured by MTS assay.MTS assay, Annexin V/PI staining and trypan blue staining were used to determine the effects of DHA and EPA on both types of cells.MTS assay was also used to analyze the combined effect of DHA or EPA with chemotherapeutic drugs on SW620 CSCLC.RESULTS:SW620 cells formed spheres in serum-free culture.The cells from spheres highly expressed SSEA-1 and TRA-1-81, transiently expressed Sox-2 and Oct-4 genes and were more resistant to 5-FU and mitomycin C treatments.These cells exhibited a greater ability in clone formation and tumorigenicity, indica-ting that these cells carried stem cell-like features, hence were considered SW620-derived CSCLC.DHA and/or EPA sup-pressed SW620 CSCLC by inhibiting cell growth, inducing cell apoptosis and sensitizing them to chemotherapeutic drugs. CONCLUSION:The cells with stem cell-like features, such as high efficiency in clonogenicity, tumorigenicity and resist-ance to chemotherapeutic drugs, can be obtained from SW620 spheres cultured in serum-free condition.DHA and EPA in-duce apoptosis in SW620-derived CSCLC and sensitize them to chemotherapeutic drugs.