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1.
Rev. ANACEM (Impresa) ; 16(2): 84-87, 2022. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1525872

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es la principal causa de demencia, caracterizada por pérdida progresiva de memoria. Principal fuente de morbimortalidad en mayores de 65 años. En los últimos 20 años las muertes por EA han aumentado un 145% en el mundo. En Chile no hay estudios actuales que describan mortalidad por EA. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar y comparar las tasas de mortalidad (TM) por EA según sexo y grupo etario en Chile entre 2017-2021. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, ecológico, sobre defunciones por EA entre 2017-2021 en Chile según sexo y grupo etario (n=10.223). Información obtenida de la base de datos del Departamento de Estadísticas e Información de Salud. Se realizó estadística descriptiva y cálculo de TM. No se requiere comité de ética. Resultados: La máxima TM del periodo fue 11,74 por cada 100.000 habitantes en 2021. El sexo femenino logró la mayor TM en este periodo. El grupo etario con mayor cantidad de defunciones fue el de 81 o más años con 76.6% (7.829) de las defunciones totales. Discusión: Se evidenció mantención y luego ascenso de TM por EA, podría deberse al aumento en la esperanza de vida. La mayor frecuencia de defunciones según sexo y edad, podría explicarse por mayor vulnerabilidad femenina a desarrollar EA y a cambios fisiológicos del envejecimiento. En conclusión, la TM por EA en Chile ha aumentado, probablemente secundario al aumento en la esperanza de vida. Se hace un llamado a continuar el estudio de la patología.


Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, characterized by progressive memory loss. It is the main source of morbidity and mortality in individuals over 65 years of age, with age being its primary non-modifiable risk factor. In the last 20 years, deaths from AD have increased by 145% worldwide. However, there are no current studies in Chile that describe mortality from AD. The objective of this study is to analyze and compare mortality rates due to AD according to sex and age group in the Chilean population during the years 2017-2021. Material and Methods: Descriptive, ecological study on deaths from AD between 2017-2021 in Chile, categorized by sex and age group (n=10,223). The database was obtained from the Department of Health Statistics and Information. Descriptive statistics and mortality rate calculations were performed. No ethics committee approval was required. Results: The maximum mortality rate (MR) was observed in 2021 with a value of 11.74 per 100,000 inhabitants. Women had the highest MR in this period. The age group with the highest number of deaths was 81 years or older, accounting for 76.6% (7,829) of the total deaths. Discussion: A plateau and subsequent increase in MR due to AD were observed, possibly explained by the increase in life expectancy. The higher frequency of deaths in women and specific age groups may be attributed to the higher vulnerability of women to developing AD and physiological changes related to aging. In conclusion, the MR from AD has increased in Chile, likely due to the rise in life expectancy, emphasizing the importance of continued research on this pathology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Alzheimer Disease/mortality , Alzheimer Disease/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Age and Sex Distribution
4.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 34(3): 160-164, set. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-978038

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La prueba de caminata de carga progresiva (PCCP) es una prueba incremental que permite la evaluación funcional de las enfermedades respiratorias. Esta prueba muestra una mayor correlación entre la distancia recorrida y el consumo máximo de O2 comparada con la prueba de marcha de seis minutos. En la actualidad, no contamos con valores de referencia en la población pediátrica nacional. Objetivo: Conocer la distancia recorrida en niños en la prueba. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo correlacional. La muestra final fue de 60 sujetos (35 niños y 25 niñas) elegidos al azar en un rango de edad de 10 a 14 años. Durante la prueba se registró la distancia recorrida (DR) en metros, frecuencia cardíaca basal y final (FC), disnea, sensación subjetiva de fatiga (SSF), género, peso (kg), talla (m) y respuesta cardíaca al ejercicio (RCE). Se realizó estadística descriptiva en ambos grupos seguida de una prueba "t" para analizar las diferencias entre género. Se aplicó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para verificar la correlación entre las variables. Los resultados fueron expresados en medias ± desviación estándar (DE). Resultados: El promedio de la DR del conjunto de los 60 menores fue 596,2 ± 178,7 m; para la DR en las niñas el promedio fue de 531,6 ± 136,4 m y la DR promedio en los niños de 642,3 ± 192,4 m (p = 0,017). El promedio de la talla para los niños fue de 1,50 ± 0,08 m y para las niñas de 1,53 ± 0,08 m. El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson fue de 0,570 (p < 0,001) entre el promedio de DR para ambos géneros y la RCE. Conclusiones: Los niños alcanzan una mayor DR que las niñas en la PCCP. No se encontró influencia de la edad, peso, estatura o IMC en la distancia recorrida para la PCCP. En el conjunto de los 60 niños se observó una correlación positiva entre la DR y la RCE.


Background: The "incremental shuttle walking test" (ISWT) is an incremental test that allows the functional evaluation of respiratory diseases. It shows a greater correlation between distance walked and the maximum O2 uptake compared to the six-minute walking test. Presently we do not have reference values in Chilean pediatric population. Objective: To know the distance walked by children in the test. Material and Method: This was a correlational descriptive study. The final sample consisted of 60 subjects (35 boys and 25 girls) randomly selected from an age range from 10 to 14 years-old. During the test, walked distance (WD) in meters, basal and final heart rate (HR), dyspnea, subjective sensation of fatigue (SSF), gender, weight (kg), height (m) and cardiac response to exercise (CRE) were recorded. Descriptive statistics were performed in both series followed by a t-test to look for differences among genders. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to verify the correlation between variables. Results were expressed as mean ± SD. Results: Mean of WD in all the 60 children together was 596.2 ± 178.7 m; in average WD in girls series was 531.6 ± 136.5 m and in boys series was 642.3 ± 192.4 m (p = 0.017). The average height for boys was 1.50 ± 0.08 m and for girls was 1.53 ± 0.08 m (p = 0.245). The average BMI for boys was 18.3 ± 1.6 kg/m2 and for girls was 19.3 ± 2.2 kg/m2 (p = 0.041). Pearson's correlation coefficient between the average of meters walked for all the 60 children together and CRE was 0.570 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Boys showed a greater WD than girls in ISWT. There was no influence of age, weight, height or BMI on distance walked on the ISWT A positive correlation is shown between the WD and the CRE.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Walking/physiology , Walk Test/methods , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Body Mass Index , Sex Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Heart Rate/physiology
5.
Rev. chil. anest ; 47(2): 89-93, jun. 11 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-915689

ABSTRACT

Aim: To describe the knowledge of the country's anesthesiologists about perioperative safety protocols in order to contribute information to the discussion of a general system for the registration and analysis of incidents as part of the implementation of the Helsinki Declaration on Patient Safety in Chile. Materials and Methods: The information was obtained through 100 surveys sent anonymously to members of the Chilean Society of Anesthesiology, which were answered voluntarily. Results: 89 anesthesiologists responded to the survey. 30% are familiar with the Helsinki Declaration. The most established protocols in their clinical centers were infection control (78%), malignant hyperthermia (72%) and drug monitoring (70%). By contrast, the protocols for massive hemorrhage, local anesthetic toxicity and anaphylaxis are observed to a lesser degree. The inclusion of an annual report on mortality and morbidity was recorded in 35% and an annual report on measures taken and outcomes obtained in the improvement of patient safety was only 23%. Conclusions: A low level of knowledge of the Helsinki Declaration is found among the anesthesiologists of the SACH. Not all its protocols are widely implemented, which makes it necessary to develop a policy to assess the development and impact of this Declaration in Chile. It is urgent to strengthen a national registration system to correct behaviors and thus strengthen perioperative safety to the benefit of our patients.


Objetivo: Describir el conocimiento de los anestesiólogos del país acerca de los protocolos de seguridad perioperatorios, para aportar información en la discusión de un sistema general de registro y análisis de incidentes, en el marco de la implementación de la declaración de Helsinki sobre la seguridad del paciente en nuestro país. Material y Método: La información se obtuvo a través de 100 encuestas enviadas de anónimamente a miembros de la sociedad chilena de anestesiología, la que fue respondida de forma voluntaria. Resultados: Contestaron la encuesta 89 anestesiólogos. Un 30% conoce la Declaración de Helsinki. Los protocolos más establecidos en sus centros clínicos fueron el control de infecciones (78%) Hipertermia maligna (72%) y control de fármacos (70%). Al contrario, los protocolos de hemorragia masiva, intoxicación por anestésicos locales y anafilaxia se observan en menor porcentaje. La realización de un informe anual de mortalidad y morbilidad se consignó en un 35% y un reporte anual de medidas tomadas y de resultados obtenidos en la mejora de la seguridad del paciente fue de sólo un 23%. Conclusiones: Se observa un bajo nivel de conocimiento de la declaración de Helsinki entre los anestesiólogos de la SACH. No todos sus protocolos están ampliamente implementados, lo que se hace necesario desarrollar una política de evaluación del desarrollo e impacto de esta declaración en nuestro país. Es imperioso fortalecer un sistema nacional de registro para corregir conductas, y de esta forma fortalecer la seguridad en el perioperatorio en beneficio de nuestros pacientes.

6.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 28(4): 310-315, ago. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-603059

ABSTRACT

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum. The diagnosis is based mainly in clinical presentation and non-specific assays. PCR-based diagnosis has been suggested as an attractive alternative method. The aim of this study was the validation of a PCR-based test for the diagnosis of early syphilis (ES) and neurosyphilis (NS). Clinical samples of mucocutaneous lesions and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from patients previously diagnosed for ES and NS respectively using an enlarged gold standard, were tested by PCR. The reaction was done using primers targeting the tpN47gene. Twenty out of 21 mucocutaneous samples from patients diagnosed with ES were positive by PCR, with a clinical sensitivity of 95 percent. Four out of 8 CSF samples from patients previously diagnosed with NS were positive by PCR, with a clinical sensitivity of 50 percent. The clinical specificity for both ES and NS was 100 percent. The PCR sensitivity and specificity for mucocutaneous samples allowed us to implement this assay in our laboratory for routine diagnosis. Although the sensitivity of the PCR in CSF was low, it may be useful to support clinical diagnosis.


La sífilis es una enfermedad de transmisión sexual producida por Treponema pallidum, cuyo diagnóstico se realiza presuntivamente basándose en aspectos clínicos y análisis de especificidad limitada. La reacción de la polimerasa en cadena (RPC) ha sido planteada como una alternativa diagnóstica de mayor sensibilidad y especificidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue validar una RPC para el diagnóstico de sífilis temprana (ST) y neurosífilis (NS). Se utilizaron muestras de lesiones muco-cutáneas y de LCR de pacientes con sospecha de cursar ST y NS respectivamente, previamente diagnosticados, utilizando un estándar de oro ampliado. La RPC fue realizada con partidores dirigidos al gen tpN47. De las 21 muestras de pacientes con ST, la RPC resultó positiva en 20, lo que resulta en una sensibilidad clínica de 95 por ciento. De las 8 muestras de pacientes con NS, la RPC resultó positiva en 4, obteniéndose una sensibilidad clínica de 50 por ciento. La especificidad clínica para ST y NS fue de 100 por ciento. La excelente sensibilidad y especificidad de la RPC para muestras muco-cutáneas permitió la exitosa implementación de este análisis en nuestro laboratorio para el diagnóstico de rutina. Si bien la sensibilidad de la RPC en LCR es baja, es muy útil para apoyar el diagnóstico clínico.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , Neurosyphilis/diagnosis , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Syphilis, Cutaneous/diagnosis , Treponema pallidum/genetics , Neurosyphilis/cerebrospinal fluid , Neurosyphilis/pathology , Prospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Syphilis, Cutaneous/cerebrospinal fluid , Syphilis, Cutaneous/pathology
7.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 82(1): 56-62, feb. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-597611

ABSTRACT

Background: Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a large vessel systemic vasculitis, affecting the aorta and its main branches, leading to stenosis, thrombosis, and aneurysm formation. Incidence of 2.6 cases per million per year has been reported. TA is rare condition in children. Steroids are the main therapy for active disease, however, additional immunosuppressive agents are required in 50 percent of the patients. Objective: To report a case of TA in a young infant, presenting with intestinal necrosis. Case Report: 12 month-old male diagnosed with TA at 6 month-old, treated with second line immunosupressors. He presented with 3 days of abdominal pain, images showed aneurysm and thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery. Small bowel ischemia was confirmed. The patient underwent multiple surgical interventions with bowel resection, leaving 30 cm of jejunum and 10 cm of terminal ileum. Anticoagulant therapy was started immediately. Intestinal continuity was restored 6 weeks later, patients was discharge home 3 months after surgery in full enteral intake, anticoagulant therapy, and maintains immunosupressor therapy. Discussion: TA in young infants is uncommon, and they can present atypical clinical manifestations. These patients are a real challenge, requiring multidisciplinary care to avoid further morbidities related to the vasculitis.


Introducción: La Arteritis de Takayasu (AT) es una vasculitis de grandes vasos, que afecta a la aorta y sus ramas principales, llevando a estenosis, trombosis, y formación de aneurismas. Se ha reportado una incidencia de 2.6 casos por millón por año, siendo de baja incidencia en niños. La terapia de elección son los corticoides, seguidos de inmunosupresores en casos resistentes. Objetivo: Reportar el caso de un lactante con AT severa, que cursó con necrosis intestinal. Caso clínico: Varón, 12 meses de edad, diagnóstico de AT a los 6 meses, en tratamiento de segunda línea con inmunosupresores. Presentó cuadro de 3 días de evolución de dolor abdominal, imágenes mostraron trombosis de arteria mesénterica superior aneurismática, desarrollando isquemia intestinal. Fue sometido a múltiples intervenciones quirúrgicas con resección intestinal, con 30 cm de yeyuno y 10 cm de ileon terminal remanente. Inició precozmente tratamiento anticoagulante. La reconstitución de tránsito intestinal fue 6 semanas más tarde, paciente fue dado de alta 3 meses después alimentándose completamente por vía enteral, con tratamiento anticoagulante e inmunosupresor ambulatorio. Conclusión: LaAT en lactantes es rara, y las manifestaciones clínicas pueden ser atípicas. Estos pacientes son un desafío para los equipos médicos, y requirien un manejo multidisciplinario para evitar complicaciones mayores.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant , Mesenteric Arteries/surgery , Takayasu Arteritis/surgery , Takayasu Arteritis/complications , Thrombosis/surgery , Thrombosis/etiology , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Takayasu Arteritis/drug therapy , Ischemia/etiology , Necrosis , Intestinal Obstruction/surgery , Intestinal Obstruction/etiology , Thrombosis/drug therapy
8.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 139(2): 158-164, feb. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-595281

ABSTRACT

Background: A polymorphism located in the promoter region (-174 G I C) of interleukin 6 (IL-6) has been linked to early onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and increased body mass index (BMI). Aim: To evaluate the possible association of this -IL-6 gene 174 GIC polymorphism with T1D, BMI and metabolic control in T1D patients in a case-control study. Patients and Methods:-174 G I C polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism in 145 women with T1D and 103 healthy controls. BMI and BMI-Z-scores were tabulated and metabolic control was recorded. Results: There was a higher frequency for the C allele in T1D patients compared with the control group (21 percent versus 14.1 percent, p = 0.047). No significant differences in genotype frequencies for the -174 GIC polymorphism of IL-6 gene between patients with T1D and controls, were observed. There were no significant associations with T1D and BMI. Conclusions: A higher frequency of C allele in women with T1D was the only finding in this series, suggesting that the polymorphic variant is not related to weight gain in these patients.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Young Adult , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Weight Gain/genetics
9.
GEN ; 65(1): 46-49, ene. 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-664231

ABSTRACT

La punción aspiración guiada por ultrasonido endoscópico (PAAF-USE) se ha convertido en una herramienta fundamental en el diagnóstico de los tumores de páncreas. Es un procedimiento con baja tasa de complicaciones que además provee información determinante que puede modificar la conducta terapéutica. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de tumor de páncreas referidos para la realización PAAF-USE en el período comprendido entre 2008-2009. Resultados: 36 pacientes fueron estudiados, 58.30% (n=21) del sexo femenino. Se evidenciaron tumores sólidos en el 80.5%. Según la histología, fueron reportados adenocarcinoma en el 47.05% (n=16), cistoadenoma mucinoso en el 8.88% (n=3), cistoadenocarcinoma en el 5.88% (n=2), linfoma no Hodgkin en el 5.88% (n=2), tumor neuroendocrino (insulinoma) en el 2.94 % (n=1), cistodenoma seroso en el 2.94% (n=1), tumor sólido pseudopapilar en el 2.94% (n=1), tumor metastásico a páncreas en el 2.94% (n=1) y el 17.64% (n=6) fueron reportados negativos para malignidad. No hubo complicaciones asociadas al procedimiento. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos obtenidos por PAAF-USE permiten establecer el diagnóstico en un alto porcentaje de las lesiones tumorales del páncreas, con una baja tasa de complicaciones, permitiendo seleccionar conductas terapéuticas adecuadas.


Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle-aspiration (EUS-FNA) has become an essential tool for the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic neoplasms. It is a procedure with low complication rates and also provides crucial information which could alter the therapeutic management. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients referred for USE-FNA with presumed pancreatic neoplasms between January 2008 and December 2009. Results: 36 patients were studied, 58.30% (n = 21) were females. Solid tumors were evident in 80.5%. According to their histology, adenocarcinoma were reported in 47.05% (n = 16), mucinous cystadenoma in 8.88% (n = 3), cystadenocarcinoma in 5.88% (n = 2), non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 5.88% (n = 2), neuroendocrine tumor (insulinoma) in 2.94% (n = 1), serous cystoadenoma in 2.94% (n = 1), solid pseudopapillary tumor in 2.94% (n = 1), metastatic tumor 2.94 % (n = 1) and 17.64% (n = 6) were reported negative for malignancy. There were no complications associated with the procedure. Conclusions: The fi ndings obtained by EUS-FNA make diagnosis possible in a high percentage of tumoral lesions of the pancreas, with no procedural complication rates overall in this study. Consequently, the accurate histological diagnosis will have the potential to affect the selection of an appropriate treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Biopsy, Needle , Endoscopy , Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Pancreatic Neoplasms , Ultrasonography , Diagnostic Imaging , Gastrointestinal Diseases
10.
GEN ; 65(1): 59-64, ene. 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-664234

ABSTRACT

Las neoplasias quísticas del páncreas representan menos del 10 % de las neoplasias pancreáticas, comprendiendo una gama de lesiones benignas, limítrofes y malignas, según la OMS. Dentro de estos tumores reviste importancia el Tumor sólido pseudopapilar, a pesar de su baja incidencia a nivel mundial, entre 1-2% de las neoplasias pancreáticas, y ser considerado como de bajo potencial maligno, es decir limítrofe. Sin embargo, son tumores invasivos, con la capacidad de diseminarse localmente o a distancia hasta en un 15 % aproximadamente. Se ha descrito la resección quirúrgica radical como tratamiento de elección para esta patología; pancreatoduodenectomía para los tumores localizados en la cabeza del páncreas, y pancreatectomía distal combinada o no con esplenectomía, para los ubicados en cuerpo y cola. A propósito de esta infrecuente neoplasia quística del páncreas, reportamos dos (2) casos evaluados y tratados por el Departamento de Vías digestivas del Servicio Oncológico Hospitalario del IVSS, durante el año en curso, con resultados satisfactorios.


Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas represent less than 10% of pancreatic tumors, comprising a range of benign, borderline and malignant, according to WHO. Within these tumors is important solid pseudopapillary tumor, despite its low incidence worldwide (1-2% of cystic neoplasms of the pancreas), and be considered of low malignant potential, considered borderline. However, despite these features, are invasive tumors, with the ability to spread locally or remotely up to 15%. It has been described radical surgical resection as treatment of choice for this disease; pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic head tumor and Distal pancreatectomy with or without splenectomy, for pancreatic body and/or tail tumor. About this rare cystic neoplasm of the pancreas, we report two (2) cases evaluated and treated by the Digestive tract disease department at the Oncology Hospital Service of IVSS, during this year, with satisfactory results.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery , Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Diagnostic Imaging , Gastrointestinal Diseases
11.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 26(6): 515-519, dic. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-536831

ABSTRACT

Chitosan is a D-glucosamine polysaccharide derived from chitin that displays an antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Objective: to evaluate the antifungal effect of high molecular weight chitosan (HMWC) in clinical strains of Candida spp. Methodology: the susceptibility of forty strains of Candida spp. to HMWC was studied (16 C albicans, 11 C glabrata, 5 C. tropicalis, 5 C krusei, 2 C parapsilosis and 2 C.famatd) by broth microdilution at pH 7.0 and pH 4.0. Results: of 40 strains, only 2 were inhibited at pH 7.0 and corresponded to ATCC control strains (C. krusei 6258 and C parapsilosis 22019). On the other hand, 37/40 strains (92.5 percent) were inhibited by concentrations lower than 1.25 mg/mL of HMWC at pH 4.0. Conclusion: these results show that HMWC, presents activity against clinical Candida spp. strains, including C glabrata, and that this activity is present at acid pH (4.0). This compound could potentially be used in vulvovaginal candidiasis since it occurs at pH 4.0-4.5.


Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Candida/drug effects , Chitosan/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Colony Count, Microbial , Candida/classification , Chitosan/chemistry , Molecular Weight , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods
12.
Trastor. ánimo ; 5(2): 100-108, jul.-dec. 2009. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-583480

ABSTRACT

With the objective of determining prognostic factors, we analyzed a database of 751 cases treated at the Affective Disorders Unit, Psychiatric Service, Hospital del Salvador, that fulfilled the following three conditions: female gender, suicidal risk (ideation or attempt), and three measurements of the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ 45-2) of Lambert et al. (M1 at intake, M2 early during treatment, and M3 at three to six months of treatment). Among the 751 cases between the years 2004 and 2008, 583 were women. Among them, 161 had three measurements of OQ 45.2, and 68 had suicidal risk. We compared this sample, that represents 9 percent of women requesting treatment at the Unit, with the women that fulfilled the criteria and were hospitalized during the same time. Using the methodology suggested by Jacobson and Truax, we compared the socio-demographic, clinical and outcome characteristics of the groups classified with a significant clinical change, improvement, no change and worsening.


Introducción: Este trabajo compara las características de pacientes tratadas ambulatoriamente o bien hospitalizadas en hospitales públicos. Método: Se analizan la base de datos de mujeres depresivas con riesgo suicida tratadas entre 2004 y 2008 en la Unidad de Trastornos Afectivos (UTA) del Servicio de Psiquiatría del Hospital del Salvador, con 3 mediciones del OQ 45-2 (M1 al ingreso, M2 al mes de tratamiento y M3 a los tres a seis meses), y se comparan con las hospitalizadas Se estudian muestras de 68 casos ambulatorios, equivalente al 9 por ciento de las mujeres hospitalizadas, de 58 mujeres hospitalizadas, que equivale al 15 por ciento de las mujeres depresivas hospitalizadas con riesgo suicida. Se analizan estos casos con la metodología de Jacobson y Truax, y comparando sus características socio-demográficas, diagnósticos clínicos y evaluación de resultados en las pacientes con cambio clínicamente significativo (CCS), mejoría, sin cambio, y empeoramiento. Resultados: Las mujeres hospitalizadas eran mas jóvenes (x = 38,1 años) que las ambulatorias (x = 42,1 años), con más cesantes y menos dueñas de casa. No hubo diferencias por tipo de ocupación, estado civil ni profesión religiosa entre ambos grupos. Ambos grupos bajaron sus puntajes en el OQ 45.2, tanto global como sub escalas. Hubo más mejoría y CCS entre las pacientes hospitalizadas (77,4 por ciento) que entre las ambulatorias (47,9 por ciento). Al analizar los tipos de trastorno afectivo, el CCS fue mayor en los pacientes bipolares, los episodios y los trastornos depresivos hospitalizados, que en los casos ambulatorios. Conclusiones: Las mujeres suicidas con riesgo afectivo mejoran en porcentaje importante, especialmente si son hospitalizadas. En estudios posteriores, es importante aumentar el tamaño de la muestra, y seguir a los casos que no vuelven a control post-alta.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Depression , Suicide , Bipolar Disorder , Mood Disorders , Ambulatory Care , Hospitalization
13.
Rev. chil. neuropsicol. (En línea) ; 3(1): 7-14, jul. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-523020

ABSTRACT

Los estudios epidemiológicos muestran una clara relación entre el nivel educativo y la presencia de deterioro cognitivo en poblaciones envejecidas. En nuestro medio no existen investigaciones que aborden esta problemática por lo que pretendemos realizar una primera aproximación a las consecuencias del envejecimiento y el bajo nivel educativo sobre los procesos cognitivos. Para esto evaluamos a 280 sujetos adultos mayores de tres distritos de la ciudad Arequipa con el Examen Mental Abreviado (Mini Mental) y un cuestionario de variables sociodemográficas. Nuestros resultados muestran una relación significativa entre la edad y el deterioro cognitivo observándose puntajes más bajos en sujetos con mayor edad; además observamos que los sujetos con mayor nivel educativo muestran puntajes más altos. Estas primeras aproximaciones al deterioro cognitivo en nuestro medio ponen de relieve la importancia de la implementación de políticas socioeducativas eficaces que permitan el acceso a la educación a la mayoría de nuestra población.


The epidemiologic studies of cognitive decline show a clear relationship between the educational level and the presence of cognitive deterioration in aged populations. In our city there are not investigations that approach this problem for what we try to carry out a first approach to the consequences of the aging and the educational low-level on the cognitive processes. For this we evaluated 280 old age fellows of three districts of the city of Arequipa with the Mini Mental State Examination and a questionnaire of sociodemographic variables. Our results show a significant relationship between the age and the cognitive deterioration being observed in lower score in subject with more age; we also observe that those subject with more educational level show higher score. These first approaches to the cognitive deterioration in our city put of relief the importance of the implementation of effective political programs that allow the access to the education to most of our population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aging , Dementia/epidemiology , Cognition Disorders/epidemiology , Educational Status , Mental Status Schedule , Peru/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires
14.
Cienc. enferm ; 13(1): 35-44, jun. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-460114

ABSTRACT

El estudio evalúa las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la Short form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), diseñada por el Medical Outcomes Study y la validada por Alonso (1999) en personas con esquizofrenia crónica. Para esto, se realizó una aplicación piloto que mostró la necesidad de realizar adaptaciones en el instrumento. Luego, el instrumento adaptado fue aplicado en la Región Metropolitana a 99 sujetos con esquizofrenia. Se utilizó el programa SPSS para el análisis estadístico, el cual mostró que el comportamiento de los ítemes permite aplicarla en una versión modificada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Quality of Life , Schizophrenia , Chile
15.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 132(12): 1457-1465, dez. 2004. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-394443

ABSTRACT

Background: The mainstay of cholesterol reduction therapy is the diet. But the lack of compliance and prescription problems limit its usefulness. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of a nutritional intervention given by a nutritionist with the usual recommendations given by a physician to reduce the LDL cholesterol levels in patients with coronary artery disease, treated at the Regional public hospital in Temuco. Material and Methods: One hundred and forty patients with coronary heart disease (last acute episode at least three months before), without nutritional interventions nor cholesterol-lowering drugs, who gave informed consent, were randomized to receive either instructions by their physician or to take part in a nutritional program. The nutritional intervention consisted in five educational sessions, adapted from the NCEP and from a program of the Nutrition Department of the Catholic University of Chile. Patients randomized to the medical intervention received the standard written recommendations about diet. Lipid profile was measured before the intervention and after a three and twelve months follow up. Results: After one year the group on the nutritional program reduced LDL cholesterol by 11.1% (p=0.03). There were no changes in the medical group. However, only 10% patients on the nutritional intervention group and 8% of those with medical recommendations achieved LDL cholesterol levels less than 100 mg/dl. There were no changes in triglycerides, weight or body mass index during the period. Conclusions: Although this nutritional intervention proved to be more effective than usual medical instructions, most patients on secondary prevention did not achieve acceptable LDL cholesterol levels (Rev Méd Chile 2004; 132: 1457-65).


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Diet, Fat-Restricted , Myocardial Infarction/diet therapy , Nutritional Status , Patient Education as Topic , Body Mass Index , Chi-Square Distribution , Chile , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Coronary Artery Disease/diet therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome
16.
Interface comun. saúde educ ; 8(15): 303-312, mar.-ago. 2004. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-389092

ABSTRACT

Investigam-se os avanços de inovações incluídas na reestruturação curricular da Faculdade de Serviço Social da Universidade de Colima, a partir da introdução de novas modalidades pedagógicas no currículo. Considera-se a importância de que, na formação de trabalhadores sociais, estes sejam vistos como atores sociais que participam da resolução de problemas da sociedade. Neste sentido, o corpo acadêmico da Faculdade analisou o processo e os resultados da implemantação de um modelo de ensino centrado no aluno no período de 2001 a 2005, para sustentar a reestruturação curricular. Resultados obtidos confirmam a pertinência dos modelos adotados e indicam algumas exigências para consolidação das inovações curriculares implementadas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Curriculum/trends , Universities , Teaching
18.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 130(12): 1335-1342, dic. 2002.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-356140

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The information available on food intake in the elderly in Chile is restricted to individuals of low socioeconomic groups, but there is no data available on food intake in elderly of higher income groups. AIM: To assess food intake in a group of elderly people from Providencia County in Santiago, a middle income community. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty one subjects (20 male), aged 60 to 73 years, were studied. Trained volunteers applied a 3 days food registry, to determine food intake. Intake was assessed using 1985 FAO/OMS/UNU recommendations for energy intake and USA Food and Nutrition Board recommendations for micronutrient intake. RESULTS: The studied subjects had an adequate macronutrient intake, when compared with current recommendations. There was a relatively low intake of calories from fat (24.6 per cent in males and 26.1 per cent in females). Also, vitamin and mineral intake was adequate with the exception of calcium (64.5 per cent and 57.9 per cent of recommendation in males and in females respectively), zinc and folic acid (74.2 per cent and 62.4 per cent in males and females respectively). The intake of legumes and cereals was relatively low. CONCLUSIONS: Food intake in this group of individuals was substantially higher than that reported previously for poor elderly Chileans and similar to that of industrialized countries. Food intake of the elderly is probably related to socioeconomic level.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Food , Feeding Behavior , Chile , Socioeconomic Factors , Eating , Energy Intake
19.
Suma psicol ; 9(2): 215-235, sept. 2002. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-468947

ABSTRACT

El propósito del siguiente artículo es presentar 10 estudios epidemiológicos sobre consumo de sustancias psicoactivas realizadas en Colombia desde 1992 hasta 2001, identificando sus aportes en el control de consumo y las dificultades que puedan llegar a alterar la validez y generalización de los resultados, para ello se tuvieron en cuenta los siguientes aspectos: objetivo del estudio, diseño metodológico y resultados. Se busca que a partir de esta reflexión se diseñen y ejecuten otros estudios con miras a brindar respuestas eficaces y concretas ante esta problemática que cobra cada vez más víctimas especialmente en la población más joven. El propósito del siguiente artículo es presentar 10 estudios epidemiológicos sobre consumo de sustancias psicoactivas realizadas en Colombia desde 1992 hasta 2001, identificando sus aportes en el control de consumo y las dificultades que puedan llegar a alterar la validez y generalización de los resultados, para ello se tuvieron en cuenta los siguientes aspectos: objetivo del estudio, diseño metodológico y resultados. Se busca que a partir de esta reflexión se diseñen y ejecuten otros estudios con miras a brindar respuestas eficaces y concretas ante esta problemática que cobra cada vez más víctimas especialmente en la población más joven.


The purpose of this paper is to discuss our review of ten (10) epidemiological studies on the consumption of Psychoctives Subtances caried out in Colombia from 1992 to 2001. We identified their contribution to the control of consumption as well some methodological problems which could have affected their validity and the generalization of their results. We focused on the following characteristics of the studies: objectives, methodological desing and results. We hope, based on our review, to desing and to excuse more powerful studies and programs aimed to help in the solution to this problem.


Subject(s)
Humans , Alcoholism , Risk Factors , Adolescent Health , Substance-Related Disorders
20.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 128(10): 1113-8, oct. 2000. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-277204

ABSTRACT

Background: The early diagnosis and therapy of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency can prevent adrenal crises and erroneous gender assignment in affected newborns. To achieve this goal neonatal mass-screening programs have been developed, measuring blood 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP). In Chile there is no experience with this type of screening. Aim: To develop a method for measuring 17OHP in filter paper blood specimens. To obtain reference ranges and determine neonatal 17OHP threshold levels according to gestational age and birth weight. To analyze factors affecting the cost-efficiency ratio and suggest recommendations for the organization of a neonatal screening program for CAH in Chile. Material and methods: Nine hundred twenty two newborns were studied. 17OHP was measured using double antibody radioimmunoassay in filter paper blood samples obtained 48 h after birth. Reference ranges were determined according to gestational age and birth weight and a cutoff point of 25 ng/ml was established. Results: Seventeen newborns had 17OHP over the cutoff value. They were assessed by a pediatric endocrinologist and in none of them, CAH was confirmed. Therefore the false positive rate of the determination was 1.8 percent. Among these newborns with elevated 17OHP, 66 percent had a birth weight below 1.5 kg and 5.8 percent, a birth weight between 1.5 and 2.5 kg. The cost per reported result was US $ l. Timing of the recall was between the 3 and 10 days of life. No newborn missed the follow-up. Discussion: To increase the cost-efficiency ratio of an eventual neonatal screening program, newborns with birth weights below 1.5 kg should be excluded and cutoff points should be defined according to birth weight


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone/blood , Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Birth Weight , Gestational Age , 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone/metabolism , Prenatal Diagnosis
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