A case-crossover study on the impact of air pollution on the number of pediatric respiratory outpatient and emergency visits in a hospital in Shanghai / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the correlation between the concentration of air pollutants (PM10, SO2, NO2) and the number of outpatient and emergency visits for pediatric respiratory diseases in a general hospital in Shanghai. Methods Data including pediatric respiratory disease outpatient and emergency visits in a hospital in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from May 1, 2013 to March 20, 2022 were collected. Daily concentration of air pollutants including PM10, SO2 and NO2 and meteorological data in Pudong New Area during the same period were collected. A case-crossover study with distributed lag non-linear model was conducted to explore the correlation between air pollutants (PM10, SO2, NO2) and the number of outpatient and emergency visits for pediatric respiratory diseases. Results The concentrations of PM10, SO2 and NO2 were positively with the number of outpatient and emergency visits for pediatric respiratory diseases. The strongest cumulative effect was observed on six days lag (Lag0-5) for PM10. For a 10 μg/m3 increase of the concentrations of PM10, the corresponding increase of cumulative pediatric respiratory disease outpatients was 1.10% (95%CI:0.97%, 1.23%) in Lag0-5. The strongest cumulative effect was observed on eight days lag (Lag0-7) for SO2 and NO2. For a 10 μg /m3 increase of the concentrations of SO2 and NO2, the corresponding increase of cumulative pediatric respiratory disease outpatients was 5.64% (95%CI:5.16%, 6.13%) and 5.41% (95%CI:5.15%, 5.66%) in Lag 0-7, respectively. The association of PM10 and SO2 with the number of pediatric respiratory disease visits in males was significantly stronger than that in females. The impact of PM10 on the number of pediatric respiratory disease visits in children aged 0-6 was higher than that in children aged 7-14, while the impact of SO2 and NO2 on the number of pediatric respiratory disease visits in children aged 7-14 was higher than that in children aged 0-6. Conclusion The concentration of ambient PM10, SO2, and NO2 is positively correlated with outpatient and emergency visits for pediatric respiratory diseases, with obvious lag and cumulative effect. Boys and children aged 0-6 are more susceptible to the hazard of air pollution.

Baseline survey of psychosocial factors levels and their health effects in a cohort study of natural gas field workers / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To investigate the level of psychosocial factors in workplace and their health effects among workers in a natural gas field. Methods: A prospective and open cohort of natural gas field workers was established to study the level of workplace psychosocial factors and their health effects, with a follow-up every 5 years. In October 2018, a cluster sampling method was used to conduct a baseline survey of 1737 workers in a natural gas field, including a questionnaire survey on demographic characteristics, workplace psychosocial factors and mental health outcomes, physiological indicators such as height and weight, and biochemical indicators such as blood routine, urine routine, liver function and kidney function. The baseline data of the workers were statistically described and analyzed. The psychosocial factors and mental health outcomes were divided into high and low groups according to the mean score, and the physiological and biochemical indicators were divided into normal and abnormal groups according to the reference range of normal values. Results: The age of 1737 natural gas field workers was (41.8±8.0) years old, and the length of service was (21.0±9.7) years. There were 1470 male workers (84.6%). There were 773 (44.5%) high school (technical secondary school) and 827 (47.6%) college (junior college) graduates, 1490 (85.8%) married (including remarriage after divorce), 641 (36.9%) smokers and 835 (48.1%) drinkers. Among the psychosocial factors, the detection rates of high levels of resilience, self-efficacy, colleague support and positive emotion were all higher than 50%. Among the mental health outcomes evaluation indexes, the detection rates of high levels of sleep disorder, job satisfaction and daily stress were 41.82% (716/1712), 57.25% (960/1677) and 45.87% (794/1731), respectively. The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 22.77% (383/1682). The abnormal rates of body mass index (BMI), triglyceride and low density lipoprotein were 46.74% (810/1733), 36.50% (634/1737) and 27.98% (486/1737), respectively. The abnormal rates of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, uric acid, total cholesterol and blood glucose were 21.64% (375/1733), 21.41% (371/1733), 20.67% (359/1737), 20.55% (357/1737) and 19.17% (333/1737), respectively. The prevalence rates of hypertension and diabetes were 11.23% (195/1737) and 3.45% (60/1737), respectively. Conclusion: The detection rates of high level psychosocial factors in natural gas field workers are high, and their effects on physical and mental health remain to be verified. The establishment of a cohort study of the levels and health effects of psychosocial factors provides an important resource for confirming the causal relationship between workplace psychosocial factors and health.

Application of Linear Regression Model of Gpnmb Gene in Rat Injury Time Estimation / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the effects of injury time, postmortem interval (PMI) and postmortem storage temperature on mRNA expression of glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (Gpnmb), and to establish a linear regression model between Gpnmb mRNA expression and injury time, to provide aimed at providing potential indexes for injury time estimation.@*METHODS@#Test group SD rats were anesthetized and subjected to blunt contusion and randomly divided into 0 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 16 h, 20 h and 24 h groups after injury, with 18 rats in each group. After cervical dislocation, 6 rats in each group were collected and stored at 0 ℃, 16 ℃ and 26 ℃, respectively. The muscle tissue samples of quadriceps femoris injury were collected at 0 h, 12 h and 24 h postmortem at the same temperature. The grouping method and treatment method of the rats in the validation group were the same as above. The expression of Gpnmb mRNA in rat skeletal muscle was detected by RT-qPCR. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between Gpnmb mRNA expression and injury time, PMI, and postmortem storage temperature. SPSS 25.0 software was used to construct a linear regression model, and the validation group data was used for the back-substitution test.@*RESULTS@#The expression of Gpnmb mRNA continued to increase with the prolongation of injury time, and the expression level was highly correlated with injury time (P<0.05), but had little correlation with PMI and postmortem storage temperature (P>0.05). The linear regression equation between injury time (y) and Gpnmb mRNA relative expression (x) was y=0.611 x+4.489. The back-substitution test proved that the prediction of the model was accurate.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The expression of Gpnmb mRNA is almost not affected by the PMI and postmortem storage temperature, but is mainly related to the time of injury. Therefore, a linear regression model can be established to infer the time of injury.

Promising natural lysine specific demethylase 1 inhibitors for cancer treatment: advances and outlooks / 中国天然药物

Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), a transcriptional corepressor or coactivator that serves as a demethylase of histone 3 lysine 4 and 9, has become a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy. LSD1 mediates many cellular signaling pathways and regulates cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and differentiation. Recent research has focused on the exploration of its pharmacological inhibitors. Natural products are a major source of compounds with abundant scaffold diversity and structural complexity, which have made a major contribution to drug discovery, particularly anticancer agents. In this review, we briefly highlight recent advances in natural LSD1 inhibitors over the past decade. We present a comprehensive review on their discovery and identification process, natural plant sources, chemical structures, anticancer effects, and structure-activity relationships, and finally provide our perspective on the development of novel natural LSD1 inhibitors for cancer therapy.

Correlation between acute upper respiratory tract infection and meteorological factors in Zigong area in 2016-2021 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To explore the correlation between acute upper respiratory tract infection and meteorological factors in Zigong area from 2016 to 2021. Methods All acute upper respiratory tract infection cases from the Emergency Department of the First People's Hospital of Zigong City from 2016 to 2021 and meteorological data (including but not limited to temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, sunshine time, wind speed, etc.) during the same period were collected. Cases were screened from emergency electronic data, and medical records that met the criteria were included in this study to analyze the relationship between acute upper respiratory tract infection and meteorological factors. Results A total of 5 608 patients were enrolled in this study, including 3,893 males (69.42%) and 1,715 females (30.58%), with an average age of 50.17±9.81 years. The predisposing factors were climate change in 2331 cases (41.57%), history of chronic respiratory diseases in 1458 cases (26.00%), low immune function in the elderly or young children in 1106 cases (19.72%), vitamin deficiency in 512 cases (9.13%), and others in 201 cases (3.58%). Acute upper respiratory infections in Zigong area occurred all year round. Spring had more respiratory infections than other seasons, and the season with the fewest infections was autumn. Among them, May had the highest number of cases (650 cases), followed by January (592 cases). September had the least number of cases (475 cases), followed by August (480 cases). The daily incidence of upper respiratory tract infection in this area was negatively correlated with daily average temperature, sunshine duration and daily precipitation (rdaily average temperature=-0.635, Pdaily average temperature=0.027; rsunshine duration=-0.678, Psunshine duration=0.015; rday precipitation=-0.691, pday precipitation=0.013), and positively correlated with the daily temperature range and 24 hrs pressure change (rtemperature daily range=0.644, Ptemperature daily range=0.024; r24hrs change pressure=0.579, P24hrs change pressure=0.049). AURI-induced complications were negatively correlated with daily average temperature (rdaily average temperature=-0.718, P daily average temperature=0.009), and positively correlated with daily temperature range (rtemperature daily range=0.651, Ptemperature daily range=0.022). The analysis of multi-factor regression integration showed that the consistency of the test results exceeded 70%, and it exceeded 85% at the same level or adjacent levels. Conclusion From 2016 to 2021, acute upper respiratory tract infection occurs throughout the year in Zigong, with the most in spring and the least in autumn. May and September are the two months with the highest and lowest number of cases, respectively. The number of cases is affected by the average daily temperature, sunshine duration, daily precipitation, daily temperature range and 24hrs variable pressure. The establishment of a respiratory medical weather forecast model by season has a strong forecasting ability for the number of acute upper respiratory infections.

Clinical Efficacy of Kuijietong Against Mild to Moderate Active Ulcerative Colitis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To re-evaluate the intervention effect of Kuijietong（KJT） on ulcerative colitis（UC）. Method:Sixty patients with mild-to-moderate UC in the active stage were enrolled and randomized into a KJT group （<italic>n</italic>=30） and a sulfasalazine （SASP） group （<italic>n</italic>=30）. Patients in the KJT group were treated with KJT granules， one bag divided in two daily doses， once in the morning and once in the evening， while those in the SASP group received SASP， 1 g per time， four times per day. Then the clinical efficacy was evaluated. Result:According to the modified Mayo score，the clinical remission rates of the KJT group and SASP group were determined to be 46.7% （14/30）and 40% （12/30），exhibiting no significant difference between the two groups （<italic>P</italic>>0.05）. The clinical effective rate of the KJT group was 83.3% （25/30），which was better than 60% （18/30） of the SASP group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The mucosal healing rate in the KJT group was 36.7% （11/30）， not significantly different from 30% （9/30） in the SASP group. In the alleviation of UC symptoms，the score of large intestine dampness heat syndrome in the KJT group was remarkably better than that in the SASP group （<italic>P</italic><0.05），but there was no significant difference in inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire （IBDQ） score between the two groups. In terms of physical and chemical indexes，serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR） in the KJT group after intervention was lower than that in the SASP group （<italic>P</italic><0.05），whereas the interleukin-10 （IL-10） level was higher（<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The comparison between the two groups revealed no significant difference in C-reactive protein （CRP）， tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>）， CD4⁺ T cells and regulatory T （Treg） cells after intervention. During the intervention，no obvious adverse reactions were found in the two groups，indicating good safety. Conclusion:KJT is not inferior to SASP in relieving mild-to-moderate UC in the active stage.

Application Prospects and Prospect of Metabolomics in the Identification of Sudden Cardiac Death / 法医学杂志

In cases of sudden death, the prevention of sudden cardiac death and the analysis of the cause of death after sudden cardiac death have always been a difficult problem. Therefore, clinical research and forensic pathological identification of sudden cardiac death are of great significance. In recent years, metabolomics has gradually developed into a popular field of life science research. The detection of "metabolic fingerprints" of biological fluids can provide an important basis for early diagnosis of diseases and the discovery of potential biomarkers. This article reviews the current research status of sudden cardiac death and the research on metabolomics of cardiovascular diseases that is closely related to sudden cardiac death and analyzes the application prospects of metabolomics in the identification of the cause of sudden cardiac death.

Pig IFITMs are restriction factors for Japanese encephalitis virus

Objective:Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is responsible for one of the most serious epidemics of encephalitis in the world. JEV uses pigs as its main hosts and spreads among vertebrates and humans mediated by Culex mosquitoes. The prevention and control of JEV spread in pigs is one of the most effective measures to protect global public health. Interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) are small membrane-spanning proteins that were identified as innate antiviral factors against multiple pathogenic viruses, especially enveloped viral pathogens. This study aims to verify whether pig interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins (pIFITMs) inhibit JEV and investigate the related molecular mechanisms of anti-JEV.Methods:Transient expression and RNA interference technology were used to overexpress and silence IFITMs gene. Three different cell lines, PK15, HEK293 and Huh7, were transfected with recombinant pIFITMs-expressing plasmids. The lentiviral vectors harboring RNAi sequences targeting pIFITMs were introduced into PK15 cells. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the antiviral activities of pIFITMs through measuring and analyzing the virus copy number of JEV (SA14-14-2 strain) in the supernant of pIFITMs overexpression or silencing cells 48 hours post transfection. The expression of the related proteins was examined by western blot. The fusion vectors inserted with pig IFITM1-EGFP were constructed and introduced into three different cell lines respectively. Then Laser Co-focus light microscopy was used to observe the subcellular localization. The key active amino acids of pIFITM1 were analyzed by investigating the anti-JEV effect of the cysteine mutants produced with PCR site directed mutagenesistechnology.Results:In three different cell lines, PK15, HEK293 and Huh7, all of three pig IFITM proteins, pIFITM1, pIFITM2, and pIFITM3 could inhibit the replication of JEV whether through transient gene over-expression methods or RNA interference silencing. And that, among three pig IFITMs, pIFITM1 showed the strongest anti-JEV effect. The anti-JEV activity of pIFITM1 manifested at the early entry stage. In PK15, BHK21, and HEK293 cells, before virus infection, pIFITM1 was located in the plasma membrane area, and after infection, transferred to the membranous structures outside the nucleus. The S-palmitoylated cysteines at position 50, 51 and 84 of pIFITM1 had significant effect on virus replication.Conclusions:Pig interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins are restriction factors for JEV infection and have potentials in the prevention of virus spread. Our results provide some new sights into understanding the antiviral activity of pig IFITMs.

Effect of Kuijietong on Phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaB p65 Signaling Pathway in Rats with Ulcerative Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective On the basis of previous research, we intended to further explore whether Kuijietong chieving the inhibitory effect on inflammatory action in ulcerative colitis(UC) through inhibiting the phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaB p65(p-IκBα/NF-κB p65). Methods UC rat model was established by free drinking of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) water. SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, high-dose Kuijietong group(at intragastric dosage of 15 g·kg-1·d-1), low-dose Kuijietong group(at intragastric dosage of 5 g·kg-1·d-1), SASP group (at intragastric dosage of 0.3 g·kg-1·d-1). After treatment for 2 weeks, the expression levels of p-IκBα/IκBα and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 in colon tissues were determined by Western blotting method. Results The expression levels of p-IκBα/IκBα and p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 in high-dose Kuijietong group were decreased significantly as compared with those in the model group and western medicine group, the difference being statistically significant(P<0.001). Conclusion Kuijietong has protective effects against inflammation in UC through blocking the activation of NF-κB classic inflammatory pathway, and the effect of high dosage of Kuijietong is the strongest.

Real-time Event Recognition and Analysis System for Nanopore Study / 分析化学

To achieve fast and accurate analysis of weak current signal of nanopore-based single molecule detection, we designed a real-time adaptive threshold data processing algorithm with data buffering technique and finite impulse response filtering. The system, which is designed based on the data processing algorithm, could realize real-time recognition and analysis of nanopore events during the data recording process. In order to verify the performance of the system, the ideal signals with different noise level (20-100 pA) and recording bandwidth (3 - 100 kHz) was generated. The results showed that the system was stable to analyze the generated signals even at high noise. In addition, the system was also suitable for the data recording conditions of low bandwidth and high sampling rate (250 kHz). The proposed nanopore data processing system was further applied in the Aerolysin nanopore experiment for the detection of poly(dA) 4 molecules. The results showed that the data processing system could be applied in real nanopore recording system with high accuracy and speed.

The Effect of PCDH15 Gene Variations on the Risk of Noise-induced Hearing Loss in a Chinese Population / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a complex disease caused by interactions between environmental and genetic factors. This study investigated whether genetic variability in protocadherin related 15 (PCDH15) underlies an increased susceptibility to the development of NIHL in a Chinese population. The results showed that compared with the TT genotype of rs11004085, CT/CC genotypes were associated with an increased risk of NIHL [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.64; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14-6.11, P = 0.024]. Additionally, significant interactions between the rs11004085 and rs978842 genetic variations and noise exposure were observed in the high-level exposure groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the risk haplotype TAGCC was observed when combined with higher levels of noise exposure (P < 0.05). Thus, our study confirms that genetic variations in PCDH15 modify the susceptibility to NIHL development in humans.

Cataract surgery in patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy and high myopia / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To evaluate the effect of phacoemulsification combining with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in cataract patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and high myopia. Methods · Five patients (9 eyes) diagnosed with FECD and high myopia were collected retrospectively at Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2015 to February 2016. All the 9 eyes underwent phacoemulsification combining with IOL implantation. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, corneal endothelial cell density (CD) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were evaluated. Paired t-test was performed to evaluate the differences. Results · 88.89% (8/9) of the vision of the patients was improved, the best corrected visual acuity improved at least 2 lines. The intraocular pressure had no statistically significant difference before and after the operation (t=-1.066, P=0.318). The preoperative and postoperative CDs were (2184.25±196.44) cells/mm2 and (1910.0±83.41) cells/mm2 (t=2.876,P=0.064). The preoperative and postoperative CCTs were (546.83±33.74) μm and (566.67±24.66) μm (t=1.971, P=0.106). The loss rate for endothelial cells was (12.10±7.84)%. Only one patient was observed corneal edema and the CD could not be determined, so he underwent penetrating keratoplasty.Conclusion · Phacoemulsification combining with IOL implantation is safe and effective for patients with FECD and high myopia. Preoperative evaluation of corneal endothelium is necessary. Some measures should be taken into consideration to reduce the loss of endothelial cells during in surgery.

Cataract surgery in patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy and high myopia / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To evaluate the effect of phacoemulsification combining with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in cataract patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and high myopia. Methods · Five patients (9 eyes) diagnosed with FECD and high myopia were collected retrospectively at Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2015 to February 2016. All the 9 eyes underwent phacoemulsification combining with IOL implantation. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, corneal endothelial cell density (CD) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were evaluated. Paired t-test was performed to evaluate the differences. Results · 88.89% (8/9) of the vision of the patients was improved, the best corrected visual acuity improved at least 2 lines. The intraocular pressure had no statistically significant difference before and after the operation (t=-1.066, P=0.318). The preoperative and postoperative CDs were (2184.25±196.44) cells/mm2 and (1910.0±83.41) cells/mm2 (t=2.876,P=0.064). The preoperative and postoperative CCTs were (546.83±33.74) μm and (566.67±24.66) μm (t=1.971, P=0.106). The loss rate for endothelial cells was (12.10±7.84)%. Only one patient was observed corneal edema and the CD could not be determined, so he underwent penetrating keratoplasty.Conclusion · Phacoemulsification combining with IOL implantation is safe and effective for patients with FECD and high myopia. Preoperative evaluation of corneal endothelium is necessary. Some measures should be taken into consideration to reduce the loss of endothelial cells during in surgery.

Efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous intervertebral disc approach for treatment of sympathet-ic cervical spondylosis / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous intervertebral disc approach for treatment of sympathetic cervical spondylosis. Methods Fifty?six patients diagnosed as having sympathetic cervical spondylosis from January 2009 to August 2014, aged 22-64 yr, with the dis?ease course ranged from 6 months to 15 yr and a follow?up period of 6 months, were enrolled in the study. The related minimally invasive approach was selected according to the height of the diseased intervertebral space. When the ratio of the height of diseased intervertebral space∕normal intervertebral space≤1∕3, per?cutaneous radiofrequency ablation was used ( groupⅠ, n=19); when the ratio within the range of 1∕3-2∕3, percutaneous laser disk decompression was used ( groupⅡ, n=12); when the ratio≥2∕3, low?tem?perature plasma radiofrequency ablation was used ( group Ⅲ, n=25) . Before operation, at 2 weeks after operation, and at 1, 3 and 6 months after operation, the sympathetic symptoms were evaluated using the 20?point score. At 2 weeks and 6 months after operation, the patients′ subjective satisfaction was assessed and graded ( excellent, good, medium and poor ) . Results All the patients were followed up for 6 months. The sympathetic symptom scores were significantly lower at each time point after operation in Ⅰand Ⅲ groups and at 2 weeks and 3 and 6 months after operation in group Ⅱ than those before operation ( P<0.05) . The excellent and good rate of patients′subjective satisfaction was 67.9% at 2 weeks after op?eration, and 76.8% in the last follow?up period at 6 months after operation. Conclusion The minimally invasive percutaneous intervertebral disc approach has a marked short?term effect on sympathetic cervical spondylosis.

A Low Noise Amplifier System for Nanopore-based Single Molecule Analysis / 分析化学

A novel amplifier system was proposed for low-noise recording of pico-ampere current in nanopore experiment (<100 pA). As an example, the amplifier system was applied in α-hemolysin based nanopore detection of DNA-PEG-DNA conjugate to record the signals of translocation and bumping events in buffer solution (1 mol/L KCl, 10 mmol/L Tris--HCl, 1 mmol/L EDTA and pH=8. 0). The amplified current signal was filtered by a 3 kHz Bessel filter and sampled by a 100 kHz analog-digital convertor. As a result, the presented amplifier system could lower the noise in recording the current. The current blockages (<10 pA) of single molecules with low amplitude were recovered due to the high signal-to-noise ratio.

Co-effect of Demand-control-support model and effort-reward imbalance model on depression risk estimation in humans: findings from Henan Province of China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the co-effect of Demand-control-support (DCS) model and Effort-reward Imbalance (ERI) model on the risk estimation of depression in humans in comparison with the effects when they are used respectively.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 3 632 males and 1 706 females from 13 factories and companies in Henan province were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Perceived job stress was evaluated with the Job Content Questionnaire and Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (Chinese version). Depressive symptoms were assessed by using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DC (demands/job control ratio) and ERI were shown to be independently associated with depressive symptoms. The outcome of low social support and overcommitment were similar. High DC and low social support (SS), high ERI and high overcommitment, and high DC and high ERI posed greater risks of depressive symptoms than each of them did alone. ERI model and SS model seem to be effective in estimating the risk of depressive symptoms if they are used respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The DC had better performance when it was used in combination with low SS. The effect on physical demands was better than on psychological demands. The combination of DCS and ERI models could improve the risk estimate of depressive symptoms in humans.</p>

Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, 2008-2011 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Ningbo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A descriptive analysis was conducted through the surveillance data of HFMD in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, from 2008 to 2011. Genes on EV71 and Cox A16 were amplified with RT-PCT from the stool samples of HFMD patients. Sequences were analyzed by bioinformatics software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>37 524 cases of HFMD were reported from 2008 to 2011, including 196 severe cases and 12 deaths. The reported incidence was 145.26 per 100 000 and the case fatality was 0.03%. Cases in children aged 5 or younger accounted for 95.89%, and the scattered cases accounted for 64.10%. Xiangshan and Ninghai counties had the highest incidence rates in Ningbo. The peak of incidence was from April to July. The number of male patients was obviously higher than females. 2394 cases of HFMD were laboratory confirmed and EV71 with the predominant epidemic strain. Data from phylogenetic analysis revealed that EV71 isolated from HFMD patients in Ningbo belonged to C4a evolution branch of C4 sub-genotype, with several transmission chains. Cox A16 belonged to B1 evolution branch. 53.48% of the healthy children in Ningbo showed EV71 antibody positive. The geometric mean of the antibody titer (GMT) was 11.23 (8.33 - 14.98) in healthy children. Cox A16 antibody was detected at 63.18% of the healthy children in Ningbo. GMT in healthy children was 12.61 (6.70 - 16.52).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HFMD was highly endemic in Ningbo, with children under 5 years old were at high-risk. The major etiologic agent was EV71 which belonged to C4a in the C4 sub-genotypes. Cox A16 belonged to the B1 evolution branch, which were in line with the predominant virus circulating in the mainland of China.</p>

Effects of carbon disulfide on cardiovascular system of workers occupationally exposed to carbon disulfide / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of long-term exposure to carbon disulfide (SC(2)) on cardiovascular system of workers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The concentrations of CS(2) were detected in the representative workshops with different exposure levels. The indicators related to cardiovascular system were tested in 633 workers occupationally exposed to CS(2), which included blood pressure, electrocardiogram, blood routine (blood RT), cholesterol (TCHO), triglyceride (TG) and so on. The data were analyzed by chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The exposure concentration of CS(2) for 389 workers was less than or equal to 5 mg/m(3), which for other 244 workers was higher than 5 mg/m(3). The maximum exposure concentration of CS(2) was 15.73 mg/m(3). There were no significant effects of CS(2) on the electrocardiogram, red blood cells, white blood cells, blood platelet, TCHO and TG of workers. However, the positive effects of CS(2) on blood pressure and negative effects of CS(2) on hemoglobin were found. The rates of high TCHO, TG and hypertension in male workers were significantly higher than those in female workers (P < 0.05). The rates of high TCHO, hypertension and sinus arrhythmia in older workers (≤ 30 years old) were significantly higher than those in young workers (> 30 years old) (P < 0.05). The rate of sinus arrhythmia in workers with 1 - 10 working years was significantly higher than that in workers with more than 10 working years (P < 0.05). The rate of hypertension in workers with 1 - 10 working years was significantly lower than that in workers with more than 10 working years (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There were no significant effects of CS(2) exposure on the indexes of cardiovascular system of workers.</p>

Carbon disulfide exposure level of workers in a chemical fiber industry / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the exposure levels of carbon disulfide (CS(2)) for a chemical fiber industry.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The concentration of CS(2) was monitored in representative workshops and types of work, and the datas of that over the years were collected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The short-term exposure concentration of CS(2) about 80% of the type of work was less than or equal to 10 mg/m(3), which of more than 90% was less than or equal to 20 mg/m(3). The time weighted average concentration of CS(2) about 70% of the type of work was less than or equal to 5 mg/m(3), which of more than 90% was less than or equal to 10 mg/m(3). The short-term exposure concentration of CS(2) which was more than 15 mg/m(3) or the time weighted average concentration of CS(2) which was more than 30 mg/m(3) was only for little type of work.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The concentration of CS(2) for the most type of work was lower, but there were still a number of types of work exposuring the higher concentration, which exceed the national occupational exposure limits.</p>

The epidemiological characteristics and correlated factors of daily hassles for thermal power plant workers / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and correlated factors of daily hassles among thermal power plant workers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A mass screening of daily hassles and correlated factors was conducted on 498 workers from a thermal power plant in Zhengzhou in July, 2008. The questionnaires included Daily Hassles Questionnaires, Work Roles Questionnaires, Job Content Questionnaires (Chinese version), Effort-Reward Imbalance (Chinese version), Work Locus of Control Scale and Type A Behavior Scale, with content covering demographic characters and occupational stress correlated factors among subjects. The daily hassles was divided into lower level and higher level according to scores, and the epidemiological characteristics and correlated factors of daily hassles were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 446 qualified questionnaires were obtained, effective response rate was 89.6% (446/498). For respondents, the age was (36.96 ± 6.49) years old, working length of the current job was (12.05 ± 7.54) years, the daily hassles scores was (9.01 ± 2.50), and the prevalence rate of the higher level of daily hassles was 34.1% (152/446). The multiple non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed 5-14 years' working length of current job (OR = 0.451, 95%CI: 0.225 - 0.904), average income > 3000 yuan(OR = 0.372, 95%CI: 0.202 - 0.684), reward (OR = 0.557, 95%CI: 0.325 - 0.954) and coping strategy (OR = 0.552, 95%CI: 0.330 - 0.925) were negatively correlated with daily hassles, and shift-work (OR = 1.887, 95%CI: 1.108 - 3.215), effort (OR = 2.053, 95%CI: 1.198 - 3.519), psychological demand (OR = 1.797, 95%CI: 1.049 - 3.078), negative affectivity (OR = 3.421, 95%CI: 2.065 - 5.668) were positively correlated with daily hassles.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence rate of the higher level of daily hassles was considerable high for thermal power plant workers. Its negative correlated factors included 5 - 14 years' working length of the current job, average income > 3000 yuan, reward and coping strategy and its positive corelated factors included shift-work, effort, psychological demand and negative affectivity.</p>