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The study was carried out to understand the changes in the ethical cognition status of laboratory animals and the effectiveness of laboratory animal ethics education among medical students in Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University (CSU), and provide new enlightenment for further strengthening the ethical education of laboratory animals. In the study, the same self-compiled questionnaire was used to investigate the ethical cognition of experimental animals among medical students in Xiangya School of Medicine of CSU in 2011 and 2021, and 359 and 363 questionnaires were collected respectively. Through comparative analysis of the questionnaire results before and after ten years, it was found that medical students’ animal experiment operation and attitudes towards laboratory animals, cognition of experimental animal ethics knowledge and their attitude to animal experiment ethics education were significantly improved. It showed that the state of experimental animal ethics cognition among medical students in Xiangya School of Medicine of CSU had improved significantly in recent 10 years, but the cognition of experimental animal ethics knowledge was higher than the actual behavior of caring for experimental animals, and there was the phenomenon of "separation of knowledge and action". The ethics education of experimental animals needs to pay more attention to the development of students’ behavior of caring for experimental animals.
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Objective:To evaluate the teaching effectiveness of independent experimental design from students' active learning behavior, and further provide the basis for advancing the reform of functional experimental teaching and teaching quality.Methods:In June 2019, 186 undergraduates (5-year-programme and 8-year-programme) of Xiangya School of Medicine were included in the teaching research. Self-administered questionnaires were applied to characterize students' active learning behavior in independent experimental design education. Spearman rank correlation analysis and Logistic regression analysis were used in the study. SPSS 23.0 was used for descriptive analysis of the data.Results:During the independent experimental design, 85.0%(158/186) of the students thought it was necessary and important to conduct independent experimental design education; 72.6%(135/186) of the students tentatively raised new scientific questions; 97.8%(182/186) of the students actively searched literature; 77.4%(144/186) of the students participated in reply positively. The value of correlation coefficient of actively learning behavior "tentatively raising new science questions" and teaching effectiveness "improving the ability of scientific thinking" was 0.81. And only 42.5%(79/186) of the students agreed that students needed to summarize after reporting.Conclusion:Independent experimental design education is welcomed and widely accepted by students, which has effectively improved the capacity for scientific research and innovation spirit of students. Whether students' active learning behavior can be fully mobilized in the education practice is closely related to the teaching effect. And the cultivation of leadership and leading consciousness still need to be improved.
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Objective:To analyze the online learning behaviors and learning results of students under different teaching modes with different learning motivations, and to provide a reference for optimizing the development of online teaching.Methods:Samples of students taking the physiology small private online course (SPOC) in 2019 and 2020, and students taking the massive open online courses (MOOC) in the same year were selected in the study to discuss the differences in learning behaviors of students under different teaching modes and learning effects on students with different learning motivations. The online learning behaviors of students were analyzed based on their learning engagement, interactive behavior and learning motivation. SPSS 25.0 was used to analyze the data with statistical methods such as function calculation, frequency statistics, regression analysis, rank sum test, correlation test and chi-square test.Results:The learning participation level ( z=14.36, P<0.001), and the human-machine and interpersonal learning interaction level ( z=-11.70, -16.18, both P<0.001) of SPOC learners in 2020 were higher than those in 2019. The overall interactive level was moderately correlated with performances of students ( r=0.42, 0.52, both P<0.001), and the correlation between interpersonal behavior and grades was much more stronger ( r=0.60, 0.55, both P<0.001). The performance composition of SPOC and MOOC learners in 2019 was completely different ( χ2=857.45, P<0.001). The learning effect of externally motivated students was significantly better than that of internally motivated students ( z=-28.42, P<0.001). Conclusion:The teaching mode adopted by the school can affect the learning effect by influencing the students' online learning engagement and interactive behavior. Besides, students' own learning motivation also plays a key role in their academic performance.
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On the basis of summarizing the connotation of ideological and political course, this paper discusses the practical experience of ideological and political teaching in physiology course, and proposes to introduce the contribution of Chinese scientists to the development of biomedicine in the world with teaching materials, the patriotic feelings of Chinese scientists with modern Chinese history, the dedication of scientists to science with the history of physiological science, and the humanistic quality of reverence for life with human and animal experiments. In addition, the ideological and political materials can be expanded with the teaching contents, the touching deeds around students can be introduced with school history and social situation, the bottom line of scientific research and clinical practice should be delimited with adverse events, and students can be inspired to realize their dreams in life with teachers' personal experience. Furthermore, this paper makes certain appropriate recommendations to improve the teachers' consciousness of carrying out ideological and political education, to construct a material library suitable for basic medicine teaching, to enhance the teachers' teaching ability of carrying out ideological and political education, to build a new mode of internet+ and ideological and political education, as well as to strengthen teachers' professional ethics cultivation.
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Problem-based learning (PBL) has been widely used all around the country.But there are still many misconceptions on the understanding of the PBL teaching in the process of teaching practice,which reduces the PBL teaching effect.For example,it is a misunderstanding to put problems to asking for answers to the questions other than solving the problems and to put case-based learning (CBL) and team-based learning (TBL) to PBL.In this paper,we combined the references with the practice experience to compare PBL with CBL,TBL and flipped instruction in both features and connotations based on the brief discussion of the problem in PBL teaching,to further strengthen the understanding of the PBL teaching.It is only the use of clinical cases to guide students to find the defects of the knowledge required for solving the problem and the process of acquiring the scientific knowledge which is implicit in the problem through the students' autonomous learning that can be called as PBL teaching.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the protective effect of a non-specific NMDA receptor antagonist memantine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice.@*METHODS@#Healthy male mice were divided into 4 groups: a normal group, a memantine group, an ALI group and a memantine+ALI group. The ALI group was induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg). Memantine (10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally before the injection of LPS to determine the effect of blockade of NMDA receptor in the memantine+ALI group. The lung wet/dry ratio was detected. HE staining was preformed to show the morphological changes in the lung tissue. Myeloperoxidase enzyme (MPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the lung tissue were detected. ELISA was used to detect the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) content and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).@*RESULTS@#Memantine pretreatment improved the LPS-induced ALI lung tissue morphological changes, reduced their lung wet/dry ratio, the levels of TNF-α and LDH activity in BALF, and also reduced the MPO and MDA content in the lung tissue.@*CONCLUSION@#Blockade of NMDA receptors can ameliorate LPS-induced mice ALI.
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Animals , Male , Mice , Acute Lung Injury , Drug Therapy , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase , Metabolism , Lipopolysaccharides , Lung , Metabolism , Malondialdehyde , Metabolism , Memantine , Pharmacology , Peroxidase , Metabolism , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , MetabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:In high-intensity exhaustive exercise process, the body must bear the exercise intensity decreasing splanchnic blood flow“ischemia”, at the same time, along with the movement of energy and material consumption, metabolite accumulation and oxidative stress in the body cause pathological damage, leading to a decline in exercise capacity. Thus, what is the impact on kidney filtration barrier? How to adapt to the change of renal tissue? Houttuynia cordata has the functions of heat clearing and detoxifying, dieresis for treating strangurtia, hemostatic, expel ing phlegm to arrest coughing and analgesia, if it has a protective effect on the renal injury caused by acute exhaustive exercise and its mechanism has not been reported in the literature. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of acute exhaustive exercise on kidney filtration barrier in rats and the intervention effect of Houttuynia cordata.METHODS:After resting and watching for 3 days, Sprague-Dawley rats received adaptive running for 15 minutes at a speed of 10 m/min on a 0° treadmil . A total of 24 rats, which can finish the running, were selected. They were divided into normal control group, exhaustive exercise group and dosed exhaustive exercise group according to the weight of layer (n=8). Rats in the exhaustive exercise group and dosed exhaustive exercise group on the 10° treadmil received once exhaustive exercise. Dosed exhaustive exercise group received intraperitoneal injection of sodium houttuyfonate 10 mL/kg at 30 minutes before exercises. The normal control group did not do any exercise. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normal control group, serum urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, urine protein content, malondialdehyde concentration, renal cellapoptosis and apoptosis index were significantly increased, but nitric oxide content and nitric oxide synthase activity in the renal tissue were significantly deceased in the exhaustive exercise group (P<0.05 or 0.01). Glomerular filtration epithelial cells, the kidney filtration barrier of basement membrane and podocyte damage were obvious, showing abundant cellapoptosis, occasional y necrosis. Compared with the exhaustive exercise group, urine protein content, serum creatinine, malondialdehyde concentration, renal cellapoptosis and apoptosis index were significantly reduced, but nitric oxide content and nitric oxide synthase activity were significantly increased in the dosed exhaustive exercise group (P<0.05). No obvious pathological changes were detected, but apoptosis was visible. These findings confirmed that houttuynine made a reduction in renal cellinjury induced by exhaustive exercise and possibly significantly reduced apoptosis, increased nitric oxide synthase content, decreased malonaldehyde, and apparently increased superoxide dismutase activity, and final y protected injured renal tissue induced by exhaustive exercise.
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Investigators selected students who had finished physiology course using the second edition of textbook for long-term medical program.A questionnaire about its content organizations as well as overall compiling condition was designed.Investigators collected the feedback information from the 94 available questionnaires.Meanwhile,some contributive suggestions were provided for the compiling of the whole series of long-term medical program textbooks.
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Eight-year-program medical students would be officially into 'postgraduate' stage when they complete the study task of 'undergraduate'.Eight-year-program medical students should do the following four aspects to promote the transition from 'undergraduate' to ' postgraduate'.First,changing the study manner from inactive to active and fostering independent learning ability; second,strengthening the communication skills with different people; third,cultivating clinical thinking and taking advantages of various basic knowledge; fourth,emphasizing the training of scientific research thinking ability.
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Objective To explore the teaching effects of physiology lectures and students' attitude to lectures,their suggestions for contents,forms and other aspects of lectures.Methods Random sampling questionnaire survey was conducted among 500 students of 2008 grade and 2009 grade in Xiangya medical school of central south university.The percentage of the option in the questionnaire was calculated and the findings were directly described.Results All students thought that physiology lectures were necessary.Teachers should arrange lectures which students were interested in,pay attention to inspire thinking and enhance teacher-student interaction.67.6％ of students thought that the knowledge learned from lectures can be used in expanding scientific thinking.Conclusions The lectures are popular among most students,playing an important role in cultivating students' ability of strict scientific thinking.
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To improve students' experimental research skills,innovative consciousness,promote the construction of functional experimental center,we established series of “comprehensive,contrivable,innovative” experiments in medical students.
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Aim To investigate the potential role of desipramine(DP) on lipoplysaccharide（LPS）-induced acute lung injury(ALI)and the mechanism of its action.Methods Kunming mice were divided into four groups randomly:NS group(NS),DP control group(DP),LPS group(LPS)and DP treatment group(DP+LPS).The model of ALI in mice was induced by lipoplysaccharidel(LPS,10 mg·kg~(-1),ip).Six hours after LPS challenged,the lung samples were taken for determination of lung wet-to-dry weight ratio(W/D),myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity,and malondialdehyde(MDA)content.The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)samples were analyzed for total protein concentrateion and white blood cell(WBC)count.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in lung were measured by ELISA.Results LPS could significantly increase the total protein concentration and WBC number in BALF.The lung W/D ration,MPO activity,MDA content and the levels of TNF-α in lungs all increased after ip injection of LPS.Pretreatment with DP decreased all the changes induced by the LPS.Conclusion Pretreatment with DP protects lung from LPS-induced lung injury in mice,which is,at least in part,through inhibiting the level of TNF-α and decreasing the sequestration of neutrophils and lipid peroxidation.
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Aim This study was to investigate the effect of isoflurane on contracted renal arterial smooth muscle and to determine whether the MAPK pathway is involved in the intracellular signaling. Methods ①Rabbit renal arterial strips were treated with sapoin to make the sarcolemma permeability. And the calcium stored in reticulum (SR) was released using caffeine.Stead state tense was obtained when the strips were soaked in submaximal calcium concentration buffer.Then the submaximal calcium concentration buffer with various concentration isoflurane was admininstered,the change of tensions was detected.②primary renal arterial smooth muscle cells were cultured and treated with different concentration of isoflurane for different duration,and the levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in different groups were detected with western blot.Result Isoflurane all caused rabbit renal artery strips further contraction after they have reached equilibrium,and the tension altitude was isoflurane concentration dependent. Isoflurane upregulates ERK1/2 (p44/42) phosphorylation in cultured renal arterial smooth muscle cells in a concentration and time depend way.Conclusion Isoflurane can upregulates the tension of contracted renal arterial smooth muscle. And it may involve the activation of p44/42 MAPK pathway.