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OBJECTIVE：To stud y the effects of different processed products of Whitmania pigra on hemorheology and coagulation indexes in acute blood stasis model rats. METHODS ：SD rats were randomly divided into blank group ，model group ， aspirin group ，W. pigra hang-dried product low- ，medium- and high-dose groups ，W. pigra talcum powder-ironed product low- ， medium- and high-dose groups ，W. pigra wine bran-processed product low- ，medium- and high-dose groups ，with 6 rats in each group. Except for blank group ，other groups received subcutaneous injection of epinephrine hydrochloride and ice water bath for 15 d to induce acute blood stasis model. From the 8th day of modeling ，rats in aspirin group were given aspirin 0.2 g/kg intragastrically. Rats in each dose group of W. pigra processed products were given relevant medicine 0.35，1.4，3.5 g/kg intragastrically（calculated by crude drug ）. Rats in blank group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically， once a day ， for consecutive 8 days. Hemorheology indexes as whole blood viscosity （high， medium and low shearrate ），plasma viscosity ，erythrocyte com deformation index ，erythrocyte aggregation index ，hematocrit， and blood coagulation indexes as prothrombin time （PT）， mail：wcl19960125@163.com activated partial prothrombin time （APTT），thrombin time （TT）were determined. RESU LTS：Compared with blank group ，whole blood viscosity under different shear rates ，plasma viscosity ， erythrocyte aggregation index and hematocrit of model group were increased significantly ，while erythrocyte deformation index was significantly decreased ，PT，TT and APTT were significantly shortened （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group ，whole blood viscosity under different shear rates ，plasma viscosity ，erythrocyte aggregation index and hematocrit of aspirin group and W. pigra hang-dried product ，talcum powder-ironed product ，wine bran-processed product high-dose groups were decreased significantly ， while erythrocyte deformation index were significantly increased ，and PT （only W. pigra talcum powder-ironed products high-dose group），APTT（except for W. pigra hang-dried products high-dose group ）and TT were prolonged significantly. The whole blood viscosity of W. pigra hang-dried product medium-dose group under low shear rate ，and those of W. pigra talcum powder-ironed product low-dose ，wine bran-processed product medium-dose groups under low and medium shear rates were decreased significantly. Erythrocyte deformation index of W. pigra talcum powder-ironed product medium-dose group was increased significantly ，while erythrocyte aggregation index was decreased significantly ，and PT ，TT were prolonged significantly. APTT of W. pigra hang-dried product medium-dose group was prolonged significantly. Hematocrit of W. pigra wine bran-processed product low-dose group was decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ： W. pigra hang-dried， talcum powder-ironed and wine bran-processed product can effectively improve hemorheology indexes and prolong blood coagulation time.
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Objective: To elucidate the rationality of integrated processing technology of Leonuri Herba based on comparison of chemical constituents and pharmacological effect of Leonuri Herba between traditional and integrated processing technology. Method:The contents of stachydrine hydrochloride,leonurine hydrochloride,rutin,hyperoside and isoquercetin were used as indexes to compare the differences in the contents of chemical constituents between traditional and integration processing technology of Leonuri Herba.Effect of Leonuri Herba with different processing technology on auricular swelling induced by dimethylbenzene in mice were observed to compared the differences of their anti-inflammatory effect.And rat acute blood stasis model was used to compare the differences of Leonuri Herba with different processing technology on hemorheology and blood coagulation indexes. Result:Contents of stachydrine hydrochloride,leonurine hydrochloride,rutin,hyperoside and isoquercetin in products of integrated processing were 1.558%,0.168%,0.137%,0.113% and 0.078%,they were 1.482%,0.134%,0.125%,0.082% and 0.071% in products of traditional processing,respectively.Both of the processing methods could reduce the degree of swelling and the contents of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6 in mouse serum.And both of the processing methods could reduce the whole blood viscosity,prolong the thrombin time(TT),prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) and reduce the concentration of plasma fibrinogen(FIB) in acute blood stasis model rats. Conclusion:Compared with the traditional processing technology,the integrated processing technology is better in guaranteeing the quality of Leonuri Herba decoction pieces and reducing the production cost,which indicates that the integrated processing of Leonuri Herba is reasonable.
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OBJECTIVE： To study the improvement effects of fibrinolytic enzyme from Sipunculus nudus （SNFE） on hemorheology disorder and vascular endothelium injury in naked acute blood stasis model rats. METHODS： SD rats were randomly divided into control group， model group， aspirin group （100 mg/kg） and SNFE high-dose and low-dose groups （2 500， 5 000 U/kg）， with 10 rats in each group. They were given relevant medicine intragastrically once a day， for consecutive 7 d. One hour after the 6th day of administration， except for control group， other groups were given adrenaline hydrochloride 0.8 mg/kg subcutaneously， and then the acute blood stasis model was induced by ice-water bath. Blood was collected from abdominal aorta 2 h after the next day. Blood rheological parameters such as whole blood viscosity （high， medium and low shear rate）， plasma viscosity， hematocrit， erythrocyte aggregation index and erythrocyte deformability index were measured by automatic rheometer. The contents of NO and ET-1 in plasma and their ratio were determined by ELISA， and the damaged degree of vascular endothelium were observed by HE staining. RESULTS： Compared with control group， whole blood viscosity of high， medium and low-shear rate， plasma viscosity， erythrocyte aggregation index and ET-1 content were increased significantly in model group， while erythrocyte deformability index， NO content and NO/ET-1 ratio were decreased significantly， with statistical significance （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， whole blood viscosity of high， medium and low-shear rate， plasma viscosity， hematocrit， erythrocyte aggregation index and ET-1 content were decreased significantly in SNFE high-dose groups. Erythrocyte deformability index， NO content and NO/ET-1 ratio were increased significantly， with statistical significance （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. In SNFE low-dose group， erythrocyte deformability index and NO/ET-1 ratio were increased significantly， while ET-1 content was decreased significantly， with statistical significance （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Vascular endothelial staining showed that compared with control group， the structure of aorta layers in model group was loose and disordered， the endothelial defect was incomplete， the vacuoles increased， and the endothelial damage was obvious. The endothelium of rats in each administration group was damaged to varying degrees， but the degree of injury was lighter than in model group. CONCLUSIONS： SNFE can improve hemorheological abnormalities and vascular endothelial injury in rats with acute blood stasis.
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To evaluate the promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis effects of Danshen-Honghua(DH) herb pair with different preparations (alcohol, 50% alcohol and water) on blood rheology and coagulation functions in acute blood stasis rats, and optimize the best preparation method of DH based on principal component analysis(PCA), hierarchical cluster heatmap analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods. Ice water bath and subcutaneous injection of adrenaline were both used to establish the acute blood stasis rat model. Then the blood stasis rats were administrated intragastrically with DH (alcohol, 50% alcohol and water) extracts. The whole blood viscosity(WBV), plasma viscosity(PV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) and haematocrit(HCT) were tested to observe the effects of DH herb pair with different preparations and doses on hemorheology of blood stasis rats; the activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), thrombin time(TT), prothrombin time(PT), and plasma fibrinogen(FIB) were tested to observe the effects of DH herb pair with different preparations on blood coagulation function and platelet aggregation of blood stasis rats. Then PCA, hierarchical cluster heatmap analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods were all used to comprehensively evaluate the total promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis effects of DH herb pair with different preparations. The hemorheological indexes and coagulation parameters of model group had significant differences with normal blank group. As compared with the model group, the DH herb pair with different preparations at low, middle and high doses could improve the blood hemorheology indexes and coagulation parameters in acute blood stasis rats with dose-effect relation. Based on the PCA, hierarchical cluster heatmap analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods, the high dose group of 50% alcohol extract had the best effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Under the same dose but different preparations, 50% alcohol DH could obviously improve the hemorheology and blood coagulation function in acute blood stasis rats. These results suggested that DH herb pair with different preparations could obviously ameliorate the abnormality of hemorheology and blood coagulation function in acute blood stasis rats, and the optimized preparation of DH herb pair on promoting blood effects was 50% alcohol extract, providing scientific basis for more effective application of the DH herb pair in modern clinic medicine.
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Objective: To observe the effect of different extracts from carbonized Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma (RRR) on acute blood stasis model of rats, in order to screen the optimal extraction method for its hemostatic effect by removing blood stasis. Methods: The acute blood stasis models of rats were established with sc injection of high-dose adrenaline hydrochloride after continuous administration for 8 d and being socked in ice-water, using Yunnan Baiyao as positive drug. The effect of the alcohol extract, compound (alcohol + aqueous) extract, aqueous extract, and aqueous extract after alcohol extracting on hemorheology, in vitro thrombus, blood plotelets system, and fibrinolytic system in acute blood stasis model of rats were observed. Results: Compared with the control group, the whole blood viscosity in each shear rate (P < 0.01) and the wet and dry weight of in vitro thrombus could be increased (P < 0.05), the coagulation time was prolonged (P < 0.05, 0.01), the FIB content and platelet aggregation rate induced by ADP increased (P < 0.01), the PAI-1 and TXB2 contents increased, and the 6-keto-PGF1α content decreased in the rats of model group (P < 0.05, 0.01). Compared with the model group, both the alcohol extract and compound extract could significantly improve the whole blood viscosity, decrease the wet and dry weight of external thrombus, shorten the coagulation time, increase the contents of PAI-1 and 6-keto-PGF1α, and decrease the TXB2 content (P < 0.05, 0.01). Both of them could make platelet aggregation rate increased, but have no significant influence on the content of FIB. The alcohol extract significantly decreased the content of t-PA (P < 0.05), while the compound extract significantly increased t-PA content (P < 0.01). The compound extract has influenced the hemorheology and the wet and dry weight of in vitro thrombus greater than the alcohol extract. While on the coagulation time, the effect of alcohol extract is greater. Conclusion: The hemostatic effects by removing blood stasis of alcohol extract and compound extract are stronger than those of others, especially the compound extract. In other words, the optimal extraction method of its hemostatic effect by removing blood stasis is the compound extract.
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Objective: To investigate the effects of Moutan Cortex, Paeoniae Rubra Radix, and Paeoniae Alba Radix on the acute blood stasis model rats, and reveal their mechanism and differences in efficacy. Methods: The actue blood stasis model of rats was induced by sc injecting adrenaline hydrochloride and soaking in ice water. Salvia Injection was used as the positive control drug. The changes of viscosity of whole blood and plasma, thrombin activity, blood platelet system, and the contents of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1α were detected in the acute blood stasis model rats. Results: Compared with the model group, Moutan Cortex obviously extended PT, and TT (P < 0.05), inhibited platelet adhesion rate (P < 0.01), reduced TXB2 (P < 0.01), increased 6-keto-PGF1α in serum (P < 0.01), and regulated eNOS and p-eNOS expression (P < 0.01, 0.001). Paeoniae Rubra Radix significantly improved whole blood viscosity at different shear rates, extended APTT, TT, and PT (P < 0.05, 0.01), reduced platelet adhesion rate (P < 0.05), decreased TXB2, increased 6-keto-PGF1α in serum (P < 0.01), and increased eNOS and p-eNOS expression (P < 0.05). Paeoniae Alba Radix had no significant effect on hemorheology, but could significantly prolong APTT and TT (P < 0.05), reduce platelet adhesion rate (P < 0.05), increase the content of 6-keto-PGF1α in serum (P < 0.05) and increase the eNOS and p-eNOS expression in platelet. Conclusion: All Moutan Cortex, Paeoniae Rubra Radix, and Paeoniae Alba Radix have varying degrees on hemorheology, coagulation system, platelet system, but Moutan Cortex and Paeoniae Rubra Radix have the better role in promoting blood circulation compared with Paeoniae Alba Radix.
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Objective: To evaluate the activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis effects of the compatibility between two effective parts (DT, DF, DST, and DF + DST) of Salvia miltiorrhiza. with different doses on rats with acute blood stasis. Methods: Acute blood stasis rat model was induced by sc injection of adrenaline and ice water bath. The blood stasis mice were ig administered with different effective parts of S. miltiorrhiza. The whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma viscosity (PV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and haematocrit (HCT) were determined to observe the effects of two effective parts of Danshen on hemorheology of blood stasis rats. And the thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and plasma fibrinogen (FIB) were tested to observe the effects of different effective parts of S. miltiorrhiza on blood coagulation function of blood stasis rats. In addition, the maximum aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was tested to observe the effect of different active parts of S. miltiorrhiza on platelet aggregation index of blood stasis rats. Then principal component analysis (PCA) and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods were both used to comprehensively evaluate the total activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis effects of different effective parts of S. miltiorrhiza. Results: The hemorheological indexes and coagulation parameters of model group had the significant differences with normal group. Compared with model group, the effective parts of S. miltiorrhiza with different doses could improve the blood hemorheological indexes and coagulation parameters in acute blood stasis rats with dose-effect relation. Based on the PCA and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods, the group of high-dose DF + DST had the best effect of activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis effect in all medication administration teams. Under the condition of same dose of the effective parts of S. miltiorrhiza, the DF + DST could obviously improve the hemorheology and blood coagulation function in acute blood stasis rats. Conclusion: The combination of DF and DST has the better effects of activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis in comparison with those of single part. It could provide the scientific basis for more effective application of the compatibility between salvianolic acids and tanshinones in modern clinic medicine.
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Objective: To compare the effects of Jiaoai Decoction and Siwu Decoction on hemorheology, blood coagulation function, and platelet aggregation in acute blood stasis rats, and reveal that Jiaoai Decoction evolved into Siwu Decoction could increase the efficacy of activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis. Methods: Ice water bath and sc injection of adrenaline were both used to establish the acute blood stasis rat model. The whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma viscosity (PV), haematocrit (HCT), thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), plasma fibrinogen (FIB), and platelet aggregation (PAG) were detected to observe the effects of Jiaoai Decoction and Siwu Decoction on the acute blood stasis rat model. Results: Compared with the normal control group, the model group could significantly increase hemorheological indices (P < 0.01), shorten TT, PT, and APTT (P < 0.01), and increase the FIB content (P < 0.01) and platelet aggregation (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, Siwu Decoction could significantly decrease WBV, PV, and HCT (P < 0.05, 0.01), prolong TT, APTT, and PT (P < 0.05), and reduce the content of FIB (P < 0.01) and platelet aggregation (P < 0.01). The mid-dose Jiaoai Decoction could significantly decrease WBV in 1 s-1 and HCT (P < 0.05, 0.01), prolong APTT (P < 0.05) and shorten PT (P < 0.01), and reduce the platelet aggregation (P < 0.01). Compared with mid-dose Jiaoai Decoction, Siwu Decoction could significantly prolong the TT (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Jiaoai Decoction evolved into Siwu Decoction could increase the efficacy of activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis. Meanwhile, the study reveals the scientific evidence for Jiaoai Decoction and Siwu Decoction in clinical application.
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OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Shuxuening injection (traditional Chinese medicines) on the auricle microcirculation in mice. METHODS: The auricle microcirculation was closely observed to examine the effects of Shuxuening injection on the auricle arteriole and venule diameters, number of open capillary cross-network and blood flow in the normal mice and acute blood stasis mice. RESULTS: Shuxuening injection significantly increased the diameters of arterioles and venule in normal and acute blood stasis model mice, increased the number of open capillaries and improved the flow of blood stasis mice. CONCLUSION: Shuxuening injection can significantly improve the auricles microcirculation in mice.
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AIM: To observe the ameliorative effect of Puerarin Injection on blood hyperviscosity in acute blood-stasis model rats. METHODS: The acute blood-stasis model rats were made by injected adrenaline repeatedly and soaked in ice water. The markers of whole blood viscosity and plasm viscosity in the rats were measured with Auto-Viscometer. RESULTS: The whole blood viscosity and plasm viscosity was significantly raised in the acute blood-stasis model rats and Puerarin Injection had ameliorative effects on them. CONCLUSION: Puerarin Injection can ameliorate the blood-high-viscosity in rats of blood-stasis model.
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OBJECTIVE:To observe the decreasing effects of Polydatin on blood viscosity and microcirculation in the rat model of acute blood stasis.METHODS:The rat model of acute blood stasis was established with high dose of adrenaline sub?cutaneous injection in combination with ice-water socking.The parameters such as whole blood viscosity?bat low and high shear rates,hemotocrit,platelet adhesiveness testPAdT,fibrinogenFIB,plasma viscosity?petc.were used.RESULTS:The results showed that Polydatin reduced FIB,PAdT in rat model remarkably.It obviously caused a reduction of?p,which induced decrease of?b.The effect was more significant than any other factors in reducing blood viscosity and improving mi?crocirculation.CONCLUSION:Polydatin is helpful to reduce blood viscosity and improve microcirculation.The data provided would be useful for rational use of drug.