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AIM: To study the inhibitory and scavenging effects of ambroxol combined with levofloxacin on the bacterial biofilm of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and to provide a new strategy to treat and antagonize the formation of the biofilm. METHODS: We collected Klebsiella pneumoniae of different resistance and divided them into sensitive group (wild bacteria group), ESBLs group and CRKP group with 15 strains in each group and performed biological semi-quantitative detection of its biofilm by crystalline violet staining method. After selecting 3 strains with similar membrane yields from each group, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ambroxol and levofloxacin against Klebsiella pneumoniae by micro broth dilution method.In addition, we determined the effects of ambroxol in different concentrations on the MIC of levfloxacin by the micrdilution checkerboard techniques and calculated the partial inhibitory concentration index (FIC) to determine the joint effect and select the best synergistic concentration. Finally, the effects of ambroxol and levofloxacin in different concentrations on the inhibition formation test and removal test of Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm were observed by crystal violet method combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS: We found that all three groups of bacterial biofilms became mature on the 5th day, and the sensitive group was easier to form and produce biofilm more than the ESBLs and CRKP groups (F=3.725, P=0.032). It was showed that the geometric average of levofloxacin MIC value in the three groups decreased significantly. And the selected strains all showed a synergistic effect on the two-drug combination.In the biofilm test, as the concentration of ambroxol increased, its inhibition rate reached more than 75%, but its biofilm removal rate did not reach 70%. CONCLUSION: Our study support that ambroxol combined with levofloxacin can inhibit the bacterial biofilm of Klebsiella pneumoniae early, and its optimal synergistic concentration is 0.49 mg/mL (ambroxol) + 4 μg/mL (levofloxacin).
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Objective@#To observe the efficacy of ambroxol hydrochloride in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).@*Methods@#From January 2015 to December 2017, 84 patients with COPD exacerbation in Zhuji Central Hospital were selected and randomly divided into two groups according to the digital table, with 42 cases in each group.The control group was treated with routine therapy, the observation group was treated with ambroxol hydrochloride on the basis of routine treatment.The course of treatment in both two groups was 14 days.The clinical efficacy, clinical symptom disappearance time, pulmonary function index, inflammation index and adverse reaction were compared between the two groups.@*Results@#The total effective rate in the observation group was 95.24%(40/42), which was higher than that in the control group(78.57%, 33/42), and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=5.126, P<0.05). The disappearance time of cough, wheezing, sputum and dampness in the observation group was (4.01±0.68)d, (3.22±0.60)d, (3.62±1.25)d, (4.16±0.72)d, respectively, which were shorter than those in the control group [(5.32±1.17)d, (4.66±1.12)d, (4.50±1.83)d, (5.10±1.06)d](t=6.274, 7.345, 2.573, 4.754, all P<0.05). After treatment, the forced expiratory volume, oxygen partial pressure, carbon dioxide partial pressure, C-reactive protein, neutrophil count and total white blood cell count in the observation group were (0.99±0.32)L, (71.36±7.61)mmHg, (42.28±4.39)mmHg, (8.71±2.46)mg/L, (6.40±3.19)×109/L, (6.11±3.28)×109/L, respectively, which in the control group were (0.80±0.20)L, (65.28±7.29)mmHg, (48.40±6.00)mmHg, (13.60±4.50)mg/L, (11.45±5.27)×109/L, (7.81±3.82)×109/L, respectively, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(t=3.263, 3.739, 5.335, 6.179, 5.313, 2.188, all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Ambroxol hydrochloride can shorten the time of disappearance of clinical symptoms, improve the clinical efficacy and improve the pulmonary function and inflammation related indicators in the exacerbation period of COPD.
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Objective To investigate the effect of Xingnaojing injection combined with ambroxol hydrochloride on precalcitonin (PCT),C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count (WBC) in the elderly patients with severe pneumonia,and to observe the clinical effect.Methods From December 2013 to March 2015,94 cases of severe pneumonia in Zhejiang Quhua Hospital were selected and divided into treatment group and control group according to the random digital table method,with 47 cases in each group.The control group was treated with ambroxol hydrochloride,while the treatment group was treated with Xingnaojing injection on the basis of the control group.The main symptom scores,blood gas analysis indicators,PCT,CRP and WBC changes and therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results After treatment,the fever score and cough score in the treatment group [(1.03 ± 0.25) points,(1.12 ± 0.29) points] were significanly lower than those in the control group [(2.17 ± 0.42) points,(2.34 ± 0.71) points] (t =15.989,10.905,all P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the PaO2 of the treatment group [(89.47 ± 8.41) mmHg] was higher than that of the control group [(76.39 ± 5.63) mmHg],while PaCO2 [(48.37 ± 7.19) mmHg] was lower than that in the control group [(63.27 ± 3.48) mmHg],the differences were statistically significant (t =8.860,12.780,all P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the serum levels of PCT,CRP and WBC in the treatment group were (5.41 ± 0.97) ng/L,(48.98 ± 8.97) mg/L,(7.82 ± 1.23) × 109/L,respectively,which were significanly lower than those in the control group [(7.98 ± 1.47) ng/L,(76.45 ± 12.54) mg/L and (12.56 ± 1.89) × 109/L] (t =10.004,12.214,14.410,all P ＜ 0.05).The total effective rate in the treatment group(91.49％) was higher than that in the control group (72.34％),and there was statistically significant difference (x2 =5.817,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Xingnaojing injection combined with ambroxol can reduce the changes of serum PCT,CRP and WBC in the elderly patients with severe pneumonia,and the curative effect is significant.It is worthy of clinical study.
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Objective To observe the efficacy of ambroxol hydrochloride in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods From January 2015 to December 2017,84 patients with COPD exacerbation in Zhuji Central Hospital were selected and randomly divided into two groups according to the digital table,with 42 cases in each group.The control group was treated with routine therapy,the observation group was treated with ambroxol hydrochloride on the basis of routine treatment.The course of treatment in both two groups was 14 days.The clinical efficacy,clinical symptom disappearance time,pulmonary function index,inflammation index and adverse reaction were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate in the observation group was 95.24％ (40/42),which was higher than that in the control group (78.57％,33/42),and the difference was statistically significant(x2 =5.126,P ＜ 0.05).The disappearance time of cough,wheezing,sputum and dampness in the observation group was (4.01 ± 0.68) d,(3.22 ± 0.60) d,(3.62 ± 1.25) d,(4.16 ± 0.72) d,respectively,which were shorter than those in the control group [(5.32 ± 1.17)d,(4.66 ± 1.12)d,(4.50 ± 1.83)d,(5.10 ± 1.06)d] (t =6.274,7.345,2.573,4.754,all P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the forced expiratory volume,oxygen partial pressure,carbon dioxide partial pressure,C-reactive protein,neutrophil count and total white blood cell count in the observation group were (0.99 ± 0.32) L,(71.36 ± 7.61) mmHg,(42.28 ± 4.39) mmHg,(8.71 ± 2.46) mg/L,(6.40 ± 3.19) × 109/L,(6.11 ± 3.28) × 109/L,respectively,which in the control group were (0.80 ± 0.20) L,(65.28 ±7.29)mmHg,(48.40 ±6.00)mmHg,(13.60 ±4.50)mg/L,(11.45 ±5.27) × 109/L,(7.81 ±3.82) × 109/L,respectively,and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (t =3.263,3.739,5.335,6.179,5.313,2.188,all P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Ambroxol hydrochloride can shorten the time of disappearance of clinical symptoms,improve the clinical efficacy and improve the pulmonary function and inflammation related indicators in the exacerbation period of COPD.
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Objective: To investigate the value of ultrasound guided intra-amniotic instillation of pulmonary surfactant (PS) combined with prenatal ambroxol hydrochloride (AH) for prevention of lung injury in preterm rabbits. Methods Totally 20 pregnant New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups (each n=5), i.e. ultrasound guided intra-amniotic instillation of PS before cesarean section (PS group), prenatal AH (AH group), ultrasound guided intra-amniotic instillation of PS combined with prenatal AH (PS+AH group) and control group. On the 27th day of pregnancy, rabbit fetuses were removed through cesarean section 1 hour after injection. The survival time of the preterm rabbits, the concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the expression level of pulmonary surfactant-associated proteins-A (SP-A) in lung tissue were detected. And the lung tissue sections were taken to observe the degree of lung injury. Results: Compared with control group, the survival time of the preterm rabbits of PS group, AH group and PS+AH group prolonged, the concentration of IL-6 decreased, the concentration of DPPC and SP-A increased, and the pathological score of lung injury decreased (all P<0.05). There were significant differences between PS+AH group and PS, AH group in those indexes except for survival time (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Ultrasound guided intra-amniotic instillation of PS combined with prenatal AH plays a role in the prevention of lung injury in preterm rabbits.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of ambroxol on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in mice with sepsis-induced lung injury.Methods Sixty male C57BL/6 mice were equally and randomly divided into 3 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),sepsis-induced lung injury group (group CLP),and sepsis-induced lung injury + ambroxol group (group AMB).Sespsis was produced by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP).Ambroxol 50 mg/kg preconditioning was injected intraperitoneally for 3 days in group AMB,while the equal volume of normal saline instead was given in S and VILI groups.The arterial blood gas was detected 24 h after CLP.Then the mice were sacrificed and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determination of the concentrations of total protein,interleukin-1β (IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),IL-6 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1).The lung tissues were taken for determination of wet to dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio),expression of p-p38 MAPK,IL-1β mRNA,TNF-α mRNA,IL-6 mRNA and ICAM-1 mRNA,and for examination of the pathological changes which were scored.Results Compared with group S,partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood(PaO2) was decreased (P＜0.05),and W/D ratio,lung injury score,concentrations of total protein,IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-6 and ICAM-1 in BALF,and expression of p-p38 MAPK,IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-6 and ICAM-1 mRNA were significantly increased in CLP group (P＜0.05).Compared with group CLP,PaO2 was increased (P＜0.05),W/D ratio,lung injury score,concentrations of total protein,IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-6 and ICAM-1 in BALF,and expression of p-p38 MAPK,IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-6 and ICAM-1 mRNA were decreased in group AMB (P＜0.05).Conclusion Ambroxol can attenuate sepsis-induced lung injury probably through inhibiting p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in mice.
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This article reviewed the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of ambroxol and the interactions be-tween ambroxol and antibacterial agents. The use order of ambroxol and antiseptic drugs was analyzed and discussed. Ambroxol was a-ble to increase antibiotics concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples. Besides, ambroxol could destroy the struc-ture of bacterial biofilm(BF) in a dose-dependent manner,and high dose of ambroxol hydrochloride showed good safety. When ambr-oxol and antibacterial agents were in combination use,ambroxol should be administrated before antibacterial agents in order to enhance antibacterial efficacy,since ambroxol could increase the concentration of antibacterial agents in lung and help the antibacterial agents enter the bacterial BF. It was suggested that the label of ambroxol be further improved and revised as follows:①the administration se-quence of ambroxol and antibacterial agents should be stated;②the recommended doses of ambroxol for different indications should al-so be listed in the label;③ the clinical safety and efficacy of high dose of ambroxol should be stated.
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Objective To observe clinical effect of the hydrochloric acid ammonium bromide auxiliary treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.Methods From February 2014 to January 2016,60 patients with chronic bronchitis in the Second People's Hospital of Yuyao were selected as observation objects.They were randomly divided into control group(30 cases)and observation group(30 cases)by using digital table method.The control group was treated with amoxicillin on the basis of conventional treatment, the observation group was treated with hydrochloric acid ammonia bromine based on the control group.The symptoms integral, clinical curative effect,blood gas analysis and lung function index were observed between the two groups.Results After treatment, cough,sputum, asthma of the observation group were(0.87 ± 0.32)points,(0.85 ± 0.34)points,(0.86 ± 0.34)points,respectively ,which were lower than those of the control group[(1.78 ± 0.48)points,(1.80 ± 0.47)points,(1.82 ± 0.46)points], the differences between the two groups had statisticallly significant(t =8.40,8.97,9.19, all P ＜0.05);The forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1), forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1/FVC)and forced vital capacity ratio in the observation group were(2 344.51 ± 373.44)mL,(69.34 ± 7.56)％,respectively,which in the control group were(2 001.63 ± 368.61)mL,(53.98 ± 6.78)％, respectively, the differences were statistically significant between the two groups(t =3.58,8.28, all P ＜ 0.05);The arterial oxygen partial pressure(PaO2)and artery CO2 partial pressure(PaCO2)in the observation group were(73.58 ± 6.33)mmHg,(43.51 ± 6.24)mmHg, respectively, which in the control group were(66.87 ± 7.25)mmHg,(51.05 ±6.36)mmHg, respectively, differences betwee.n the two groups were statistically significant(t =3.82,4.64, all P ＜0.05);The total effective rate in the observation group was 96.67％ ,which was higher than 66.67％ of the control group(x2 =10.42, P ＜ 0.01).Condusion Hydrochloric acid ammonia bromine adjuvant therapy for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis can improve arterial blood gas analysis and pulmonary function indexes,alleviate clinical symptoms and improve clinical efficacy.
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Objective To investigate the effect of inhalation of budesonide combined with ambroxol hydrochloride in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) in acute exacerbation stage . Methods 60 patients with acute exacerbation of COPD treated in the Department of respiratory medicine of Zhenhai People's Hospital from January 2013 to December 2015 were selected as the research subjects in Ningbo , and they were randomly divided into control group and observation group according to the digital table ,with 30 cases in each group.The control group received routine treatment, the observation group was given budesonide and ambroxol hydrochloride inhalation on the basis of conventional therapy .After 1 week of treatment ,the clinical efficacy indicators of pulmonary function,arterial blood gas analysis index,time of symptoms were compared between the two groups . Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 100.0％,which was higher than 83.3％of the control group (χ2 =5.455,P<0.05).After treatment,the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1),the ratio of FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FVC) (FEV1/FVC),arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2),arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) in the observation group were (2.09 ±0.69)L,(58.94 ±15.67)％,(35.08 ±3.79)mmHg, (85.92 ±4.97)mmHg,respectively,which in the control group were (1.43 ±0.57)L,(43.12 ±11.03)％,(48.47 ± 4.24)mmHg,(79.54 ±4.56)mmHg,respectively,the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (t=4.039,4.522,12.896,5.181,all P<0.05).The remission time of shortness of breath ,cough,expectoration in the observation group were (2.04 ±0.86)d,(4.49 ±1.25)d,(4.56 ±1.34)d,respectively,which were shorter than those in the control group [(3.36 ±1.08)d,(6.53 ±1.82)d,(6.78 ±1.91)d],the differences between the twogroups were statistically significant (t=5.237,5.061,5.212,all P<0.05).Conclusion Inhalation of budesonide combined with ambroxol hydrochloride in the treatment of acute exacerbation of COPD can effectively improve the treatment effect , and the pulmonary ventilation function and arterial blood gas status , and shorten the time of remission,and is benefit to disease control .
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Objective To investigate the effects of ambroxol hydrochloride injection combined with pulmonary surfactant(PS) on the improvement of arterial blood gas index and the time of mechanical ventilation in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS).Methods 82 children with NRDS were selected,and they were randomly divided into two groups according to the digital table ,41 cases in each group.The control group received 100mg/kg PS inhalation,and the study group received intravenous injection of 7.5mg/kg ambroxol hydrochloride +100mg/kg PS inhalation.The changes of arterial blood gas index [PaO2 ,arterial carbon dioxide pressure ( PaCO2 ),pH value], mechanical ventilation time,oxygen supply time and hospitalization time were statistically compared between the two groups.Results The PaO2 [(89.38 ±4.72)mmHg]and pH value (7.40 ±0.02) of the study group were higher than those of the control group [(66.42 ±5.58) mmHg,(7.32 ±0.04)] at 12h after treatment,while PaCO2 [(29.04 ±4.63)mmHg]was lower than that in the control group [(35.38 ±5.67)mmHg],and the differences were statistically significant(t =20.115,11.454,5.545,all P =0.000).The hospitalization time,oxygen supply time and mechanical ventilation time of the study group were lower than those of the control group [(11.10 ±3.47) d vs. (18.61 ±8.72)d,(7.49 ±5.31) d vs.(14.32 ±11.61) d,(56.21 ±11.78)h vs.(78.22 ±18.31)h],and the differences were statistically significant (t =5.123,3.425,6.473,all P =0.000).Conclusion Ambroxol hydrochlo-ride injection combined with PS can improve the arterial blood gas index in children with NRDS and shorten the time of mechanical ventilation,hospitalization and oxygen supply .
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Objective To establish a method for the dissolution determination of ambroxol hydrochloride orally disinegreting tablets. Methods The UV spectrophotometry was used. The detecting wavelength was at 244 nm. The liquid of dissolution was hydrochloride(0.1 mol·L -1). Rotational speed was 50 r·min-1. Results The linearity range was 3.16-28.44 μg·mL-1.The regression equation was Y＝0.024 2X+0.018 3(r＝0.999 3).The RSD of repeatable test was 0.28%.The average recovery of methodology was 100.4% and RSD was 0.77%. Conclusion The method is simple and reliable, and can be used for the dissolution determination of ambroxol hydrochloride orally disinegreting tablets.
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Objective To compare and analysis of the clinical effect of Sanziyangqin decoction and ambroxol hydrochloride in the treatment of bronchiolitis.Methods 125 cases of bronchiolitis patients with complete data collected were retrospectively analyzed, randomly divided into control group ( 62 cases ) and observation group ( 63 cases ) , were treated with conventional ambroxol hydrochloride and Sanziyangqin decoction. The improvement of clinical symptoms, hospitalization time and treatment effect of the two groups were observed.Results The observation group of cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, throat phlegm and rales disappeared time and hospitalization time were significantly shorter than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).After treatment, the observation group of the total effective rate was 95.24%, significantly higher than the control group 72.58%, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).After Three months of treatment, the quality of life (GQOLI-74) was used to evaluate the scores of the patients in the two groups.The scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Before and after treatment in the two groups respectively were detected in blood and liver and kidney function, urine routine and other indicators, the detection and comparison were not abnormal, and the two groups before and after treatment were not found any adverse reaction.Conclusion The treatment of bronchiolitis in patients with Sanziyangqin decoction has the exact effect, compared with conventional ambroxol hydrochloride treatment can better improve the patient's clinical symptoms and signs, shorten the hospitalization time, improve the treatment efficiency and quality of life of patients, and there is no adverse reactions, is a safe and effective treatment method.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the optimal administration route of ambroxol in the treatment of pediatric respiratory disease. METHODS:Totally 120 children with respiratory disease in pediatric department of our hospital during Jun. 2014-Jun. 2016 were divided into intravenous dripping group and atomization inhalation group according to even and odd-numbered admission order,with 60 cases in each group. Intravenous drip group was given Ambroxol hydrochloride injection 7.5 mg dissolved in 5%glucose solution 50 mL,ivgtt,bid;aerosol inhalation group was given aerosol inhalation of Ambroxol hydrochloride injection 7.5 mg,for 15 min each time,bid. The two groups were treated with 7 d. Clinical efficacies,p(O2)and p(CO2)level,the times of sputum absorption,clinical indexes and the occurrence of ADR were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:Total response rate of atomization inhalation group(96.67%)was significantly higher than intravenous dripping group(78.33%);p(O2)level was sig-nificantly higher than intravenous dripping group,while the times of sputum absorption,fever disappearance time,asthma disap-pearance time,oxygen therapy time,pulmonary rales disappearance time,cough disappearance time and average hospitalization time were significantly less or shorter intravenous dripping group,with statistical significance (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Ambroxol is effective in the treatment of pediatric respiratory disease,and clinical efficacy of atomization inhalation is better than intravenous drop.
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Objective To observe the effect of ambroxol hydrochloride combined with intervention in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and evaluate its clinical effect. Methods A total of 88 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who were treated in Changxing Hospital of Zhejiang Province from March 2014 to April 2017 were randomly divided into study group and control group. The control group was treated with ambroxol, and the study group was given comprehensive nursing intervention on the basis of control group. The clinical treatment of the two groups was observed.Results After treatment, the total effective rate of the treatment group was 95.45％ (42/44), the control group was 77.27％(34/44), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); there were no significant differences in blood gas analysis (PaO2, PEF) and lung function (MVV, Fres, Zrs, R5-R20, Cdyn) before treatment, after treatment, the improvement of the indicators in the study group was significantly better than the reference group (P<0.05). Conclusion Ambroxol combined with comprehensive nursing intervention for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, can effectively improve the clinical treatment effect, help to improve lung function, promote the recovery of the disease, with clinical application value.
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Objective To investigate the effect of combined inhalation of ambroxol hydrochloride, intermittent tapping and sputum drainage and psychological intervention on postoperative lung cancer. Methods 68 cases of lung cancer patients treated in our hospital from January 2015 to March 2017 were selected, the control group received oxygen aerosol inhalation of ambroxol hydrochloride and intermittent beating back sputum at the early stage of the operation. The study group was treated with psychological intervention on the basis of the treatment of the control group. The postoperative pulmonary complications in two groups of patients with lung cancer were recorded. The data were input into SPSS statistical software and analyzed. Results The incidence rate of atelectasis and pulmonary infection in the study group (5.88％, 8.82％) were higher than those in the control group (The incidence of atelectasis was 32.35％, and the incidence of pulmonary infection was 38.24％) was significantly reduced, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion On the basis of providing oxygen aerosol inhalation of ambroxol hydrochloride and intermittent beating back sputum for early postoperative lung cancer patients, the clinical prognosis can be significantly improved if psychological intervention is used.
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Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of ambroxol hydrochloride on severe pneumonia, and the influence on the inflammatory cytokines of TNF-alpha and hs-CRP etc.MethodsThe clinical data of severe pneumonia patients treated in ningbo city medical treatment center Lihuili hospital from December 2014 to August 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the treatment methods are divided into control group and observation group, the control group was given routine treatment, the observation group in the conventional treatment based on the given of ambroxol hydrochloride.To observe the therapeutic effect of two groups, the differences of serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, pulmonary function, cough and expectoration symptom scores of the two groups were compared before and after treatment.ResultsThe effective rate of the observation group was 97.50%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group;Two groups of patients before treatment serum inflammatory cytokines level no difference, after treatment, the observation group IL-6, IL-8, hs-CRP and TNF-alpha water average lower than the control group;Two groups of patients before treatment pulmonary function index no difference, after treatment, the observation group FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC levels were higher than the control group;Two groups of patients with symptoms of no difference before treatment after treatment, observation group cough, sputum volume, cough ease and wheezing scores were lower than the control group.ConclusionAmbroxol hydrochloride has a good therapeutic effect on severe pneumonia can be significantly reduced in patients with TNF-hs-CRP alpha, inflammatory cytokine levels, improve the symptoms and signs, has good application value.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of budesonide combined with ambroxol in the treatment of neonatal aspiration pneumonia.MethodsFrom January 2015 to January 2016 in our hospital 64 cases with neonatal aspiration pneumonia were randomly divided into two groups.The control group was treated with routine treatment, the study group used budesonide treatment, the treatment results were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe disappearance time of dyspnea, cyanosis, pulmonary rales and other symptoms and hospitalization time in study group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P<0.01);the levels of interleukin(IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)in the study group after intervention were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05) before treatment, PCT levels in two groups before treatment had no significant difference, three days, seven days and 14 days after the treatment PCT of the study group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionInhalation of budesonide and ambroxol in the treatment of neonatal pneumonia, can significantly improve the therapeutic effect, reduce the levels of inflammatory factors in children,can help the recovery of children.
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Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of ambroxol hydrochloride on severe pneumonia, and the influence on the inflammatory cytokines of TNF-alpha and hs-CRP etc.MethodsThe clinical data of 70 patients with severe pneumonia patients treated in our hospital from December 2014 to August 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into control group(n=30) and observation group(n=40) according to the treatment methods, the control group was given routine treatment, the observation group was given ambroxol hydrochloride on the basis of conventional treatment.The therapeutic effect of the two groups was observed, the differences of serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, pulmonary function, cough and expectoration symptom scores of the two groups were compared before and after treatment.ResultsThe effective rate of the observation group was 97.50%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group(80.00%);There was no significant difference in serum inflammatory cytokine levels between the two groups before treatment, after treatment,the levels of IL-6, IL-8, hs-CRP and TNF-alpha the observation group were lower than those in the control group;There was no significant difference in the indexes of lung function between the two groups before treatment.After treatment, the levels of FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in the observation group were higher than those in the control group;There was no significant difference in symptom score between the two groups before treatment.After treatment, cough, sputum volume, cough ease and wheezing scores in the observation group were lower than in the control group.ConclusionAmbroxol hydrochloride has a good therapeutic effect on severe pneumonia,which can significantly reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and hs-CRP, and improve the related symptoms, and has good application value.
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Objective To explore and analyze the effect of ambroxol hydrochloride combined with budesonide inhalation in the treatment of neonatal pneumonia and intervention treatment. Methods May 2014 to March 2017, Taizhou Hospital for treatment of pneumonia in infants, a total of 100 cases of the research object, according to the different treatment methods of the infant patients into the control group and the study group, 50 cases in each group. The study group were treated with ambroxol combined with budesonide inhalation treatment methods, patients in control group were treated with budesonide inhalation treatment methods, two patients were given nursing intervention on in the process of treatment, observation and comparison of two groups of children were observed two different quality methods the therapeutic effect. Results The children of patients with treatment effect was stronger than the control group, the difference is statistically significant(P<0.05). The study of the recovery time and hospitalization time were significantly less than the control group, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The degree of satisfaction with nursing is significantly better than the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion The treatment method of neonatal pneumonia ambroxol combined with budesonide inhalation, and implement the corresponding nursing intervention, can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients, improve lung function in patients, improve the therapeutic effect, shorten the patient's symptoms disappeared time and hospitalization time, children can not only improve the standard of living of the patients, but also enhance the degree of recognition of the hospital and nursing care of patients thus, play a role in the promotion.
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Objective To research the application of oral ambroxol in improving positive rate of sputum smear laboratory testing of Tuberculosis.Methods After immediate microscopic phlegm examination on 1 536 tuberculosis outpatients,them were divided into two groups alternatively and randomly.The referential group took oral placebo while the test group took oral ambroxol.Recheck would be conducted onmorning phlegm after three days,then comprated the positive rate of each group.Results The positive rates of immediate microscopic phlegm examination of the referential and test groups were 4.82％ and 4.56％ (x2 =0.058,P＞0.05) respectively.For the referential group,the positive rates before and after taking medicine were 4.82％ and 5.60％ respectively (x2 =0.475,P＞0.05).The differences had no statistic meaning.The positive rates of morning microscopic phlegm examination after taking medicine of the referential and test groups were 5.60％ and 8.59 ％ ()x2 =5.224,P＜0.05) respectively.The positive rates of the test group before and after taking medicine were 4.56 ％ and 8.59％ respectively (x2 =10.18,P＜0.05).It could be deemed that the difference had statistic meaning.Conclusion O-ral ambroxol can help raise the positive rate of microscopic phlegm examination of the patient with suspected tuberculosis.