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Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children.Studies have shown that dietary nutrition is the basis of children′s growth and development.Nutrients affect children′s behavior, cognition and learning by participating in the processes of brain neural development, neurotransmitter function and inflammation in vivo.Clinical investigations have shown that unbalanced diet or nutrient deficiency is related to ADHD, and supplementation of nutrients or balanced diet can improve the symptoms of ADHD children.In this paper, the effects of dietary nutrients on children with ADHD and their related mechanisms are reviewed to provide theoretical support for the nutritional management of children with ADHD.
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El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno neurobiológico frecuente en la infancia. Sus síntomas cardinales involucran a la atención y/o la impulsividad y/o la hiperactividad. Hay diferentes subtipos de TDAH según la expresividad clínica de esos tres síntomas. Hay distintas estrategias terapéuticas de alta efectividad. El metilfenidato, un estimulante que actúa en las vías dopaminérgicas y adrenérgicas, se utiliza con frecuencia en su tratamiento. El Cuestionario de Cualidades y Dificultades (SDQ) es un cuestionario de despistaje breve utilizado para la detección de problemas de salud mental en niños y adolescentes. Consta de 25 preguntas que se distribuyen en 5 escalas: sintomatología emocional, problemas de conducta, hiperactividad/inatención, problemas con los compañeros y conducta prosocial. Se recogió la puntuación del SDQ en una muestra de pacientes con TDAH con una edad situada entre los 7 y 12 años. Se comparó la puntuación obtenida antes de comenzar el tratamiento con metilfenidato y después de comenzar tratamiento, cada 3-6 meses y hasta un periodo de 2 años. Se realizó el procesamiento estadístico mediante R, que es un programa gratuito para análisis estadísticos y gráficos, y permite análisis temporales. Los resultados indican que la hiperactividad mejora a lo largo del primer año de tratamiento, la sintomatología emocional y los problemas de comportamiento mejoran durante los primeros 6 meses de tratamiento, la sintomatología prosocial mejora lentamente a lo largo de los 2 años y los problemas con compañeros no mejoran en el tiempo analizado.
Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological disorder frequent in childhood. The main symptoms are attention disorder and/or impulsivity and/or hyperactivity. There are different subtypes of ADHD according to the degree of presence of these three symptoms. There are different therapeutic approaches with high proved effectiveness. Methylphenidate, a stimulant that acts through the dopaminergic and adrenergic pathways, is commonly used for the treatment of ADHD. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a brief behavioural screening instrument internationally used for the screening of mental health problems in children and adolescents. It consists in a 25 items questionnaire with 5 different scales: emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity / inattention, peer relationship problems and prosocial behaviours. The SDQ score was collected in a sample of ADHD patients with an age between 7 and 12 years. The score obtained before starting treatment with methylphenidate was compared before and after starting treatment, every 3-6 months and up to a period of 2 years. Statistical processing was performed using R, which is a free program for statistical and graphical analysis, that allows temporary analysis. The results indicate that hyperactivity improves throughout the first year of treatment, emotional symptoms and behavioral problems improve during the first 6 months of treatment, pro-social symptoms slowly improve over 2 years. Problems with partners do not improve in the analyzed time.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy , Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Methylphenidate/therapeutic use , Office Visits , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology , Time Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Regression Analysis , Treatment Outcome , Disease Progression , Neuropsychological TestsABSTRACT
El Trastorno por Déficit Atencional con Hiperactividad (TDAH) es una patología prevalente durante la infancia. En los escolares, los factores familiares continúan siendo predictores significativos de su persistencia. Por ende, comprender el rol de los factores y las dinámicas familiares de los niños con TDAH es primordial. Objetivo: Revisar la influencia de las dinámicas familiares y los estilos de crianza en la evolución del cuadro, a partir de la presentación de 3 casos clínicos. Discusión: Los casos clínicos presentados permiten reconocer diferencias en la evolución del cuadro, las cuales se presentaron en el contexto de diferentes intervenciones en el estilo de crianza las cuales pudieron ser implementadas en mayor o menor medida de acuerdo a la predisposición familiar. Se revisan los aspectos relacionales de las familias con niños con TDAH y la influencia de las dinámicas familiares y estilos de crianza en la evolución de estos niños. Palabras clave: Trastorno de déficit atencional con hiperactividad, familia, relaciones familiares, crianza, terapia familiar.
Summary. Introduction: Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent pathology during childhood. In schoolchildren, family factors are significant predictors of its persistence. Therefore, understanding the role of these factors and the family dynamics of children with ADHD is paramount. Objective: To review the influence of family dynamics and parenting styles on the evolution of the condition, based on the presentation of 3 clinical cases. Discussion: The clinical cases presented allow us to recognize differences in the progression of this disorder, considering the context of different interventions in parenting styles which could be implemented in a greater or lesser extent according to family predisposition. The relational aspects of families with children with ADHD and the influence of family dynamics and parenting styles on the evolution of these children are reviewed. Key words: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, family, family relations, parenting, family therapy.
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Objective To understand the prevalence of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children in China and provide scientific basis for early prevention and treatment of ADHD in children.Methods A systematic literature retrieval was conducted by using CNKI,Wanfang data,CBM and VIP databases for the information about the prevalence of ADHD in children in China published from 1979 to 2017.Pubmed database was used to retrieve the literatures about ADHD prevalence in children in China published from 1946 to 2017.The quality of literature was evaluated based on the cross-sectional study criteria according to STROBE statement.Stata 12.0 was used for combined prevalence and subgroup analyses,including gender,regions,publication year,diagnostic criteria,sampling methods,and so on.Egger testing and the evaluation of funnel graph were used to evaluate the publication bias of these literatures,and sensitivity analysis was done by using different models and eliminating the influence of any one of these articles on combined effect value.Results Twenty articles were included.The total sample size was 88 755,including 46 216 boys and 42 539 girls.The prevalence of ADHD in children in China was 5.6％ (95％CI:5.0％-6.3％).The prevalence was 7.7％ (95％CI:6.7％-8.8％) in boys and 3.4％ (95％CI:3.0％-3.8％) in girls,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).No statistically significance difference in the ADHD prevalence was observed between different regions publication years,diagnostic criteria and sampling methods.Conclusions The prevalence of ADHD in children in China was high,and boys tended to have a higher prevalence compared with girls.Appropriate screening methods for early detection and intervention conduction of ADHD should be taken among children in China.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the prevalence of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children in China and provide scientific basis for early prevention and treatment of ADHD in children.Methods A systematic literature retrieval was conducted by using CNKI,Wanfang data,CBM and VIP databases for the information about the prevalence of ADHD in children in China published from 1979 to 2017.Pubmed database was used to retrieve the literatures about ADHD prevalence in children in China published from 1946 to 2017.The quality of literature was evaluated based on the cross-sectional study criteria according to STROBE statement.Stata 12.0 was used for combined prevalence and subgroup analyses,including gender,regions,publication year,diagnostic criteria,sampling methods,and so on.Egger testing and the evaluation of funnel graph were used to evaluate the publication bias of these literatures,and sensitivity analysis was done by using different models and eliminating the influence of any one of these articles on combined effect value.Results Twenty articles were included.The total sample size was 88 755,including 46 216 boys and 42 539 girls.The prevalence of ADHD in children in China was 5.6％ (95％CI:5.0％-6.3％).The prevalence was 7.7％ (95％CI:6.7％-8.8％) in boys and 3.4％ (95％CI:3.0％-3.8％) in girls,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).No statistically significance difference in the ADHD prevalence was observed between different regions publication years,diagnostic criteria and sampling methods.Conclusions The prevalence of ADHD in children in China was high,and boys tended to have a higher prevalence compared with girls.Appropriate screening methods for early detection and intervention conduction of ADHD should be taken among children in China.
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O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos da psicomotricidade sobre o desempenho motor de escolares com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade. O mesmo foi realizado nas escolas da rede municipal de ensino de Maringá com 24 crianças de sete a dez anos diagnosticadas com o respectivo transtorno. Foram realizadas avaliações do desempenho motor utilizando o instrumento Movement Battery Assessment for Children (MABC-2). As crianças, cujo desempenho motor foi classificado como de risco e com significante dificuldade, foram convidadas a participar de um programa de intervenção psicomotora, constando de dez sessões, duas vezes semanais com duração de 60 minutos. Ao término das sessões as mesmas foram reavaliadas pelo mesmo instrumento, sendo constatado que houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nas habilidades de destreza manual (p=0.0026), habilidade com bola (p=0.0186) e equilíbrio (p=<0001). Conclui-se que o programa de intervenção psicomotora foi efetivo para a melhora do desempenho motor das crianças com transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade, influenciando positivamente a motricidade fina, global e equilíbrio.
The effects of psychomotoricity on the motor performance of school children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder are investigated. Research was undertaken in municipal schools of Maringá, Brazil, featuring 24 children, aged between 7 and 10 years, diagnosed with the disorder. Motor performance assessments were undertaken with the Movement Battery Assessment for Children (MABC-2). Children with risk classification and great difficulty were invited to participate in a program of psychomotor intervention, with ten 60-minute sessions, twice a week. At the end of the sessions, the children were re-evaluated with the same tool. There was a significantly statistic difference in manual dexterity (p=0.0026), capacity with a ball (p=0.0186) and equilibrium (p=<0001). Results show that the program of psychomotor intervention was effective for an improvement in the motor performance of children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, positively affecting fine and global motoricity and equilibrium.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Physical Therapy Modalities , Health Promotion , Neurodevelopmental DisordersABSTRACT
O objetivo do estudo foi traduzir, adaptar e investigar propriedades psicométricas da Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI) em uma amostra de crianças brasileiras. Após tradução, adaptação transcultural, retrotradução e equivalência semântica, realizada por juízes da área, a versão brasileira da CHEXI foi respondida por pais e professores de 408 crianças, idades entre 4 e 7 anos, também avaliadas com a Escala de Maturidade Mental Colúmbia e SNAP-IV. Elevados índices de consistência interna foram encontrados. A análise fatorial exploratória gerou dois fatores para a versão brasileira: um fator mais geral de funções executivas e um específico de inibição. As pontuações nas subescalas de planejamento, regulação e, marginalmente, memória de trabalho da CHEXI explicaram de modo significativo o indicador de desatenção da SNAP-IV, enquanto a pontuação na subescala de inibição explicou o indicador de hiperatividade/impulsividade. Os resultados fornecem bons parâmetros psicométricos para a CHEXI, além de contribuir para a realização de estudos com funções executivas e indicadores de TDAH no país.
The aim of the study was to translate, adapt and investigate psychometric properties of Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI) for a sample of Brazilian children. After translation, cultural adaptation, back-translation and semantic equivalence performed by area judges, the Brazilian version of CHEXI was answered by parents and teachers of 408 children aged between 4 and 7 years, also evaluated with the Columbia Mental Maturity Scale and SNAP-IV. High internal consistency indices were found. Exploratory factor analysis yielded two factors for the Brazilian version: a more general factor of executive functions and one specific factor of inhibition. The scores on the subscales of planning, regulation and marginally working memory in CHEXI explained significantly the inattention indicator of SNAP-IV, while the score on the inhibition subscale explained the indicator of hyperactivity/impulsivity. The results provide good psychometric parameters for CHEXI, besides contributing to the studies with Executive functions and ADHD signs in Brazil.
El objetivo del estudio fue traducir, adaptar e investigar las propiedades psicométricas del Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI) en una muestra de niños brasileños. Después de la traducción, adaptación transcultural, retro-traducción y equivalencia semántica realizada por jueces del área, la versión brasileña de la CHEXI fue respondida por padres y maestros de 408 niños de edad comprendida entre 4 y 7 años, también evaluados con la Escala de Madurez Mental Columbia y SNAP-IV. Se encontraron altos índices de consistencia interna. El análisis factorial exploratorio generó dos factores para la versión brasileña: un factor más general de las funciones ejecutivas y un factor específico de inhibición. Las puntuaciones en las subescalas de planificación, regulación y marginalmente memoria de trabajo de la CHEXI explicaron significativamente el indicador de falta de atención de la SNAP-IV, mientras que la puntuación en la sub-escala de inhibición explicó el indicador de hiperactividad / impulsividad. Los resultados proporcionaron buenos parámetros psicométricos para la CHEXI, además de contribuir para la realización de estudios con funciones ejecutivas e indicadores de TDAH en el país.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Executive Function , Translations , Reproducibility of Results , Factor Analysis, Statistical , NeuropsychologyABSTRACT
Introducción: El trastorno del desarrollo de la coordinación (TDC) en la infancia es un problema importante para la salud pública, ya que tiene repercusiones importantes en las diferentes esferas del desarrollo: motor, cognitivo, psicosocial y emocional; por ello es frecuente la comorbilidad con otros trastornos del desarrollo infantil. Se presenta un estudio que determina la asociación de características de TDC con síntomas del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH). Objetivo: Determinar la asociación de características de TDC con síntomas de TDAH en niños y niñas de la ciudad de Manizales, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y de asociación con una muestra de 140 niñas de 6-12 años de edad, aleatorizados en instituciones educativas públicas y privadas. Se realizó entrevista estructurada y aplicación de los instrumentos MINIKID y Cuestionario para Trastorno del Desarrollo de la Coordinación (CTDC). Se realizaron análisis descriptivo univariable para la caracterización sociodemográfica y pruebas de asociación a través del test de la χ² y grado de dependencia con coeficiente φ. Resultados: Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre características de TDC y síntomas de TDAH (φ = 0,452; p = 0,001). Conclusiones: En la población estudiada se encontró asociación entre características de TDC y síntomas de TDAH, lo que indica que niños con dificultades en el desempeño motor también pueden sufrir dificultades de atención e hiperactividad.
Introduction: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in childhood is an important public health problem, which has important implications for different spheres of development: motor, cognitive, psychosocial and emotional. Therefore, the presence of comorbidity is common, along with other disorders in child development. this article presents a study that determines the association between DCD characteristics with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Objective: To determine the association between DCD characteristics and ADHD symptoms in the city of Manizales, Colombia. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive and associative study, in a sample of 140 children aged 6-12, randomised in public and private institutions. A structured interview was conducted, along with the questionnaires MINIKID and Cuestionario para Trastorno del Desarrollo de la Coordinación (CTDC). A descriptive univariate analysis was performed on the the sociodemographic characteristics, as well as association tests with 2 test, and dependence level with φ coefficient. Results: A statistically significant association was found between the CTDC characteristics with ADHD symptoms (φ=.452; P=.001). Conclusions: An association was found in the studied population between the CTDC characteristics and ADHD symptoms, indicating that children with difficulties in motor performance may also have attention difficulties and hyperactivity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Association , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Motor Skills Disorders , Attention , Signs and Symptoms , Comorbidity , Child Development , Developmental Disabilities , Organizations , MethodsABSTRACT
To assess the frequency of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their parents, in comparison with children and adolescents without developmental disorders. Methods: Anthropometric measures were obtained in 69 outpatients with ASD (8.4±4.2 years old), 23 with ADHD (8.5±2.4) and 19 controls without developmental disorders (8.6±2.9) between August and November 2014. Parents of patients with ASD and ADHD also had their anthropometric parameters taken. Overweight was defined as a percentile ≥85; obesity as a percentile ≥95; and underweight as a percentile ≤5. For adults, overweight was defined as a BMI between 25 and 30kg/m2 and obesity as a BMI higher than 30kg/m2. Results: Children and adolescents with ASD and ADHD had higher BMI percentile (p<0.01) and z-score (p<0.01) than controls, and increased frequency of overweight and obesity (p=0.04). Patients with ASD and ADHD did not differ between them in these variables, nor regarding abdominal circumference. Parents of children with ASD and ADHD did not differ between themselves. Conclusions: Children and adolescents with ASD and ADHD are at a higher risk of overweight and obesity than children without developmental problems in the community.
Avaliar a frequência de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças e adolescentes com transtorno do espectro do autismo (TEA) e transtorno do déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (TDAH) e em seus pais, em comparação com crianças e adolescentes da comunidade sem transtornos do desenvolvimento. Métodos Medidas antropométricas foram coletadas de 69 pacientes com TEA (8,4±4,2 anos), 23 com TDAH (8,5±2,4) e 19 controles sem transtornos desenvolvimentais (8,6±2,9) entre agosto e novembro de 2014. Os pais dos pacientes com TEA e TDAH também foram avaliados em relação aos parâmetros antropométricos. Sobrepeso foi definido como percentil ≥85; obesidade como percentil ≥95; e baixo peso como percentil ≤5. Para os adultos, sobrepeso foi definido como IMC entre 25 e 30kg/m2 e obesidade, IMC acima de 30kg/m2. Resultados Crianças e adolescentes com TEA e TDAH exibiram maior percentil (p<0,01) e escore-z (p<0,01) do IMC em relação aos controles, bem como frequência mais elevada de sobrepeso e obesidade (p=0,04). Os pacientes com TEA e TDHA não diferiram entre si quanto a essas variáveis ou quanto à circunferência abdominal. Os pais das crianças com TEA e TDAH também não diferiram entre si. Conclusões Crianças e adolescentes com TEA e TDAH estão em maior risco de ter sobrepeso e obesidade em relação a crianças da comunidade sem problemas do desenvolvimento.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Pediatric Obesity/complications , Overweight/complications , Autistic Disorder/complications , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complicationsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood illness, which frequently presents with various comorbid emotional, social, and behavioral problems. Yet, children with epilepsy also experience significant behavioral problems. In this study, we compared behavioral problems of 124 children and adolescents with newly diagnosed ADHD and 40 youths with epilepsy, aged 6~17 years. METHODS: Among 1,576 urban community children and adolescents, the ADHD rating scale, the Comprehensive Attention Test, and a psychiatric interview were used to diagnose ADHD. In addition, we used the mother's rating on the Korean Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) to assess the presence of behavioral problems. RESULTS: Compared to the epilepsy group, the ADHD group had lower IQ scores (100.29±13.47 vs. 108.61±15.04, p=0.007). In addition, the ADHD group had higher total K-CBCL scores (66.44±10.32 vs. 50.68±8.97, p<0.001) as well as higher scores on all eight subscales of the K-CBCL than the epilepsy group. Sixty-five participants (52.4%) in the ADHD group showed significant behavioral problems (t score ≥64) compared to 7.5% of epilepsy group. After controlling for IQ, using an analysis of covariance, the ADHD group showed significantly higher total scores on the K-CBCL and all its subscales (p<0.001) than the epilepsy group, except on the somatic complaints subscale (p=0.275). CONCLUSION: Children with newly diagnosed ADHD suffer from various behavioral problems; therefore, the early assessment of and interventions for comorbid behavioral problems should be conducted for optimal management of childhood ADHD.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Humans , Checklist , Child Behavior , Epilepsy , Problem BehaviorABSTRACT
Las funciones ejecutivas engloban distintas habilidades mentales que permiten el funcionamiento metacognitivo y la regulación comportamental consciente. Cuando estos componentes se encuentran afectados, se presentan dificultades en el desempeno social, escolar, personal y familiar. Uno de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo que tiene mayor relación a afectación ejecutiva es el Tdah. En el presente artículo se realiza una revisión sobre la relación existente entre el modelo híbrido de las funciones ejecutivas y el tdah, para lo cual se partirá de la conceptualización de las funciones ejecutivas, la descripción de los principales modelos teóricos de esta función cognitiva y la exposición de las principales alteraciones de las funciones ejecutivas reportadas en ninos con tdah. Se concluye que el tdah es un cuadro complejo en el cual el estudio de las funciones ejecutivas, como el control inhibitorio, permiten avanzar en la comprensión de la causalidad de este trastorno del neurodesarrollo.
The executive functions encompasses some mental skills that permit the metacognitive and behavioral regulation. When these cognitive components are affected. they produce some difficulties in social, academic, personal and family parameters. One of the neurodevelopmental disorders with major relation with executive function damages is the attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this paper there is a conceptual review of executive function, theoretical models, its disorders, clinical perspective of ADHD and analysis of hybrid model of executive function in the ADHD. In this paper a review of the relationship between the hybrid model of executive functions and ADHD is presented, for which it will be based on the conceptualization of executive functions, a description of the main theoretical models of this cognitive function and exposure of main alterations of executive functions in children with ADHD reported. In conclusion ADHD is a complex disorder in which the study of executive function Inhibitory Control lets understand the causality of this neurodevelopmental disorder.
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OBJECTIVES: This paper will describe the sociodemogra-phic characteristics of parents, measure the degree of contentment with their relationship regarding their child who has been diagnosed with ADHD as well as determine if there is an association between the socio- demographic profile of the parent and his/ her level of satisfaction.METHODOLOGY: This is a cross sectional study of parents of ADHD children aged 3- 17 years old who consulted at UP - PGH from Jan- Nov 2007. After conducting a neurological and mental status exam of the patients who consulted at the OPD Child and Adolescent Section, their parents were asked to answer the 25 item Index of Parental Attitude Scale, which was translated to Filipino.RESULTS: There were 25 respondents. Majority of those who cared for the children with ADHD were females (84%), below 40 years old (56%), married (76%), Roman Catholic (84%), had a college degree (64%), with a family monthly income of 5- 10 thousand ( 48%) and unemployed (68%). Seventy two percent (18/25) scored above 30 indicating clinically significant problems. Only 7 (28%) admitted to a satisfactory relationship with their child.CONCLUSION: The sociodemographic factors had no statistically significant effect on the parents' degree of satisfaction towards their children.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Child , Adolescent , ParentsABSTRACT
Este estudo descreve o processo de tradução, adaptação e análise de aplicabilidade clínica do Programa Pay Attention! ao português do Brasil. O processo seguiu as etapas recomendadas internacionalmente para adequação de instrumentos a outros idiomas: tradução/adaptação baseado em normas que preservassem características originais bem como as da cultura; análise por juízes especialistas; estudos-piloto; análise de aplicabilidade clínica em um grupo de 10 crianças com TDAH. Os resultados dos estudos-piloto foram analisados qualitativamente na fase de tradução/adaptação. No grupo clínico, o programa foi aplicado em 20 sessões individuais analisando-se a evolução individual, conforme estabelecido no manual. Os resultados demonstraram que a versão em português do Pay Attention! está adequada, tornando-se um importante instrumento de intervenção nos Transtornos de Déficit de Atenção em crianças. (AU)
This research report describes the translation, adaptation and analysis of clinical applicability process related to the Pay Attention! Program to Brazilian Portuguese. The process followed all the steps internationally recommended to adequate instruments to other languages: translation/adaptation based on rules that preserve original features and cultural characteristics; analysis by expert judges; pilot studies, and analysis of clinical applicability in a group of 10 children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Results of pilot studies were qualitatively analyzed in the phase of translation/adaptation. In the clinical group, the program was implemented in 20 individual sessions analyzing the individual evolution, as stated in the manual. Results showed that the Portuguese version of the Pay Attention! Program is appropriate, becoming an important tool for the interventions in attention deficits in children. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Psychometrics/methods , Attention , Translating , Surveys and Questionnaires , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/rehabilitation , BrazilABSTRACT
Introducción: El TDAH es uno de los diagnósticos más frecuentes en psiquiatría infantil, su diagnóstico temprano reviste una gran importancia para su intervención familiar, escolar y social. Basándose en la clasificación internacional del funcionamiento, la discapacidad y la salud CIF, se diseñó un cuestionario para la evaluación de limitaciones en la actividad y restricciones en la participación en niños con TDAH, el cuestionario CLARP-TDAH versión padres y profesores. Objetivo: Determinar el grado de consistencia interna de los CLARP-TDAH y su validez concurrente con el cuestionario de capacidades y dificultades SDQ versión padres y maestros. Materiales y métodos: Muestra de 203 niños de 6 a 12 años con TDAH, escolarizados, en cinco ciudades de Colombia. Se aplicaron estos cuestionarios a padres y profesores. El análisis de consistencia interna se realizó por coeficiente de Cronbach, y la validez concurrente mediante coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y con predictores múltiples y únicos a través de modelos de regresión lineal múltiple y simple. Resultados: La consistencia interna fue elevada para los cuestionarios globales y para cada uno de sus dominios. El CLARP-TDAH padres obtuvo consistencia interna de 0,83 y el CLARP-TDAH profesores de 0,93. Se halló validez concurrente entre los CLARPTDAH y el SDQ padres y maestros, existe concurrencia entre el CLARP-TDAH profesores y SDQ maestros, y entre el CLARP-TDAH padres y profesores, esto dado por valores p < 0,001.
Introduction: ADHD is one of the most common diagnoses in child psychiatry, its early diagnosis is of great importance for intervention at family, school and social environment. Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), a questionnaire was designed to assess activity limitations and participation restrictions in children with ADHD. The questionnaire was called "CLARP-ADHD Parent and Teacher Version". Objective: To determine the degree of internal consistency of the CLARP-ADHD questionnaire, and its concurrent validity with the "Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire SDQ parent and teacher version". Material and Methods: A sample of 203 children aged 6 to 12 with ADHD, currently attending school in five Colombian cities. The questionnaires were applied to parents and teachers. The internal consistency analysis was performed through Cronbach coefficient and concurrent validity using the Spearman correlation coefficient utilizing multiple and unique predictors through multiple linear regression as well as simple regression models. Results: A high internal consistency was found for global questionnaires for each of its domains. The CLARP-ADHD for parents gave as result an internal consistency of 0.83, and the CLARP-ADHD for teachers one of 0.93. Concurrent validity was found between the CLARP-ADHD and the SDQ Parent and Teacher version; also, concurrence between the CLARPADHD for Teachers and the SDQTeachers was found, as well as between CLARPADHD for Parents and CLARP ADHD Teachers, given by p values of p < 0.001.
Introdução: O TDAH é um dos diagnósticos mais frequentes em psiquiatria infantil, seu diagnóstico precoce reviste uma grande importância para sua intervenção no nível familiar, escola e social. Baseando-se na classificação internacional do funcionamento, a deficiência e a saúde CIF, criou-se um questionário para a avaliação de limitações na atividade e restrições na participação em crianças com TDAH, o questionário CLARP-TDAH Versão Pais e Professores. Objetivo: Determinar o grau de consistência interna dos CLARP TDAH e sua validez concorrente com o questionário de capacidades e dificuldades SDQ versão pais e professores. Materiais e Métodos: Amostra de 203 crianças de 6 e 12 anos com TDAH, escolarizados, em cinco cidades da Colômbia. Aplicaram-se estes questionários a pais e professores. A análise de consistência interna realizou-se por coeficiente de Cronbach, e a validez concorrente mediante coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e com preditores múltiplos e únicos através de modelos de regressão lineal múltipla e simples. Resultados: A consistência interna foi elevada para os questionários globais e para cada um de seus domínios. O questionário CLARP-TDAH dos pais obteve consistência interna de 0,83, e o CLARP-TDAH dos professores de 0,93. Achou-se validez concorrente entre os CLARP TDAH e o SDQ Pais e Professores, existe concorrência entre o CLARP TDAH Professores e SDQ Professores, e entre o CLARP TDAH Pais e CLARP TDAH Professores, isto dado por valores p < 0,001.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity , Child , International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Colombia , Data AnalysisABSTRACT
Las enfermedades alérgicas y el trastorno por déficit de atención son entidades frecuentes enla niñez. Alguno autores han sugerido una asociación entre estas.Objetivos: Establecer la prevalencia de alergias en niños con déficit de atención y sus características clínicasy socio-demográficas en la consulta de neurología hecha por los autores.Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte transversal, con muestreo no aleatorio yselección de los casos de forma consecutiva. Se entrevistaron 113 niños que cumplían los criterios de inclusión,entre junio y diciembre de 2012. La información fue consignada en un formulario que contenía variables sociodemográficasy clínicas relacionadas con el déficit de atención y con los diferentes tipos de alergias.Resultados: Entre los pacientes entrevistados, la enfermedad alérgica mas frecuente fue la rinitis alérgica conel 37.2%, seguida por el asma, con 31.9%. Sin embargo, solo el asma presentó mayor prevalencia en pacientescon trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad que en la población general. La dermatitis atópica se presentóen 8.8% y alergia alimentaria en 2.7%. En el análisis exploratorio, los niños con dermatitis atópica fueronlos únicos que presentaron una asociación significativa con insomnio (OR 4.23; IC 95%, 1.06-16; p=0.02).Conclusiones: La prevalencia de asma fue mayor en los pacientes estudiados con trastorno de déficit deatención e hiperactividad que la reportada en estudios poblacionales. Para los otros tipos de alergias la prevalencia fue similar...
Allergic diseases and attention deficit disorder are both common in pediatric population.Several authors had suggested an association between this two disorders.Objectives: To establish the prevalence of allergies in children with Attention Deficit and HyperactivityDisorder and their clinical and socio-demographic characteristics. Children included in the study were patientsin the neurologic practice of the authorscriteria were interviewed using a questionnaire that included clinical and socio-demographic variables relatedto Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and allergies.Results: Among the 113 patients interviewed, the most common allergic disease was Allergic Rhinitis, whichaccounted for 37.2% of the cases, followed by asthma, which accounted for 31.9%. Asthma presents a higherprevalence in patients with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder. Atopic Dermatitis was present in8.8% of the cases and Food Allergy in 2.7%. In an exploratory study, children with Atopic Dermatitis werethe only ones who presented a significant association with Insomnia (OR 4.23; CI 95%, 1.06-16; p=0.02).Conclusions: The prevalence of asthma was greater in those patients with Attention Deficit and HyperactivityDisorder than in those reported in population studies. For other types of allergies, this prevalence was similar....
Subject(s)
Humans , Asthma , Dermatitis, Atopic , Food Hypersensitivity , Rhinitis, Allergic, PerennialABSTRACT
The study aimed to compare the performance of children with ADHD and children without learning and/or attention difficulties in tasks of visual attention, executive functions, self-esteem and self-concept. Participants were34 children, 17 with ADHD and 17in the control group, with a mean age of 9.92 years. For the evaluation, the following tests were used: Cancellation Test, Trail Making Test, Stroop Color Word Test, Tower of London, Children's Depression Inventory, Self-Esteem Multidimensional Scale, and Children's Self-Concept Scale. The results indicated that children with ADHD showed worse out comes in attention and executive functions evaluations, in the belief of doing things the wrong way, in feelings of guilt and in low self-esteem, both in the general result as well as in self-perception.
O estudo objetivou comparar o desempenho de crianças com TDAH e crianças sem queixas de aprendizagem e/ou atenção em tarefas de atenção visual, funções executivas, autoestima e autoconceito. Fizeram parte do estudo 34 crianças, sendo 17 com TDAH e 17 do grupo controle, com idade média de 9,92 anos. Para a avaliação, foram utilizados: Teste de Cancelamento; Trail Making Test; Stroop Color Word Test; Torre de Londres; Children's Depression Inventory; Escala Multidimensional de Auto-Estima, Escala de Autoconceito Infanto-Juvenil. Os resultados indicaram que crianças com TDAH apresentaram piores resultados nas avaliações atencionais, de funções executivas, na crença em fazer as coisas do jeito errado e sentimentos de culpa, e na autoestima, tanto no resultado geral como na Percepção de Si. .
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Attention , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Self Concept , Executive FunctionABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Recent pediatric studies have suggested a correlation between decreased amygdala volume and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, including the emotional dysregulation. To investigate the hypothesis that medication treatment of ADHD specifically improves amygdala function, we used 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to study the effect of 12 weeks of treatment with daily 20 mg long-acting methylphenidate on the Glu/Cr, NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, and mI/Cr ratios in the amygdala of medication-naive children with ADHD. METHODS: This was a prospective study, using a pre- and post-test design, on a single group of 21 children (average age 8.52 years, 17 males and 4 females) diagnosed with ADHD. Low Time Echo MRS scans sampled voxels of interest (1.5x1.5x2.0) from both the right and left amygdala. RESULTS: There was significant clinical improvement after 12 weeks of treatment with 20 mg long-acting methylphenidate. On 1H MRS, there were no statistical significant differences of NAA/Cr ratio, Cho/Cr ratio, mI/Cr ratio before and after 12 weeks administration of 20 mg long-acting methylphenidate both in the right and left amygdala. In addition, Glu/Cr ratio decreased 14.1% in the right amygdala (p=0.029) and 11.4% in the left amygdala (p=0.008). Standardized mean effect sizes ranged from 0.14-0.32. CONCLUSION: The findings are consistent with the possibility that hyperglutamatergic processes in the amygdale are related to the hyperactive-impulsive symptoms of ADHD.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Amygdala , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Methylphenidate , Pilot Projects , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
A literatura tem descrito comorbidades entre os sintomas das crianças com Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade (TDAH) e as alterações de processamento auditivo e tais sintomas têm sido negligenciados na avaliação e, consequentemente, na reabilitação desses indivíduos. OBJETIVO: Comparar os achados do potencial evocado auditivo de longa latência em crianças com e sem TDAH. MÉTODO: Este estudo é de coorte histórica com corte transversal do tipo caso-controle, no qual participaram 30 crianças, com e sem TDAH na faixa etária de 8 a 12 anos. Foi realizado o potencial evocado auditivo de longa latência em duas varreduras, por meio de tarefas passivas diferindo quanto frequência e duração (MMNf e MMNd) e ativas (P300f e P300d). RESULTADOS: Na comparação entre o desempenho das crianças com e sem TDAH no teste de avaliação eletrofisiológica da audição foram observadas diferenças ao nível de significância para a amplitude de P2 da OE, que foi maior para o grupo com TDAH, e para a amplitude e latência de N2, que se mostraram alteradas no grupo com TDAH. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo possibilitou maior conhecimento da via auditiva central das crianças com e sem TDAH quando avaliadas a partir de testes eletrofisiológicos. .
The literature has described comorbidities among the symptoms of children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the auditory processing changes, and these symptoms have been overlooked in the assessment, and consequently, on the rehabilitation of these individuals. OBJECTIVE: To compare the findings of the long latency auditory evoked potentials in children with and without ADHD. METHOD: This is a historical cohort cross-sectional case-control study, in which we enrolled 30 children with and without ADHD, aged 8-12 years. We performed the long-latency auditory evoked potential test in two scanning procedures through passive and active tasks differing in frequency and duration (MMNf and MMNd) (P300f and P300D). RESULTS: When comparing the performance of children with and without ADHD in the electrophysiological test assessment of hearing, we found significant differences concerning the P2 amplitude in the LE - which was higher for the ADHD group; and concerning the N2 amplitude and latency - which were abnormal in the ADHD group. CONCLUSION: This study provided a greater understanding of the central auditory pathways of children with and without ADHD when evaluated from electrophysiological tests. .
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology , /physiology , Evoked Potentials, Auditory/physiology , Audiometry, Pure-Tone , Case-Control Studies , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Reaction TimeABSTRACT
Introducción: En el Trastorno por Déficit Atencional e Hiperactividad (TDAH) se han observado diferencias en los reportes de cuestionarios entre padres y profesores. Objetivos: Observar la concordancia entre padres y profesores en el test de Conners abreviado (TCA) en el TDAH. Métodos: Se evaluó con TCA para profesores y para padres a niños atendidos por becados de primer año, con diagnóstico clínico de TDAH. Resultados: De 57 pacientes, 21por ciento mujeres y 78,9 por ciento hombres, el promedio de los TCA de profesores fue de 16,85 puntos y el de padres de 16,98, existiendo mayor diferencia al separarlos por género. El coeficiente de correlación fue de 0,41. Las únicas variables significativamente asociadas al puntaje fueron edad y comorbilidad con Trastorno Oposicionista Desafiante (TOD). Conclusión: No existe correlación entre Conners de padres y profesores, lo que recalca la importancia de objetivar los síntomas en más de un ambiente, para llegar a un diagnóstico certero.
Introduction: There has been observed in the Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) differences in the reports between parental and teachers questionnaires. Objectives: Observe concordance between parents and teachers in the abbreviated Conners Test (TCA) in ADHD. Methods: Children with clinical diagnosis of ADHD were evaluated by first year residents with parental and teachers TCA. Results: From a total of 57 patients, 21percent were women and 78, 9 percent men, the average of the TCA from teachers was 16, 85 points and from parents 16, 98, there was more difference if separated by sex. The correlation coefficient was 0, 41. And the only significant association between variables was TCA scores with childs age and comorbidity with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Conclusions: There is no correlation between parental and teachers TCA scores, which enhances the importance of objetivation of symptoms in more than one setting to get an accurate diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Child , Personality Assessment , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Faculty , Parents , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Child Behavior Disorders/diagnosisABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o desempenho cognitivo-linguístico e em leitura de escolares com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade com escolares sem queixa de transtornos comportamentais e/ou de aprendizagem. MÉTODO: participaram deste estudo 20 escolares de 5° a 8° ano do ensino fundamental. Os escolares foram divididos em dois: Grupo I (GI): composto por 10 escolares com diagnóstico interdisciplinar de Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade, e Grupo II (GII): composto por 10 escolares sem queixa de transtornos comportamentais e/ou de aprendizagem. Como procedimento foi realizado o Teste de habilidades metalinguísticas e leitura (PROHMELE), composto de testes de identificação de sílabas e fonemas, manipulação de sílabas e fonemas, repetição de pseudopalavras e leitura. RESULTADOS: os resultados apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante entre GI e GII, demonstrando que os escolares do grupo GI apresentaram desempenho superior quando comparados com os escolares do grupo GII. CONCLUSÃO: de acordo com os resultados deste estudo podemos concluir que as dificuldades apresentadas por escolares com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade podem ser atribuídas à desatenção, hiperatividade e desorganização, característica do próprio diagnóstico, e não a uma desordem de linguagem de base fonológica.