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Objective To investigate the protective effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction ( BYHWD) on PC12 cell apoptosis induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation ( OGD) and to screen out the main ingredients of BYHWD on protecting PC12 cell from injury induced by OGD. Methods Seven herbs of BYHWD were selected as the influencing factors, and they were Radix Astragali, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, the carda part of Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Pheretima Asiatica, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Semen Persicae, and Flos carthami. Two levels were designed for each factor, and the experiment was arranged according to L8 ( 27) orthogonal test table. Apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by OGD was detected by serum pharmacology method and flow cytometry techniques. With apoptotic rate as the evaluation index, visual analysis and variance analysis were used for the comparison of apoptosis of PC12 cells in the blank control group ( oxygen + sugary medium + blank serum) , model group (oxygen-glucose-free medium + blank serum) and drug groups (oxygen-glucose-free medium +serum containing BYHWD or the separate recipe of BYHWD ) . Results Compared with the blank control group, apoptotic rate was increased in PC12 cells of the model group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01) . Compared with the model group, the apoptotic rate was decreased in BYHWD group, and the differences was statistically significant (P<0.01) . The results of orthogonal analysis showed that Semen Persicae, Flos carthami and Radix Paeoniae Rubra were the main active ingredients of BYHWD on depressing apoptosis of PC12 cell induced by OGD ( P<0.01). The apoptotic rate of serum containing the prescription with Radix Paeoniae Rubra was lower than that of the prescription without Radix Paeoniae Rubra. Conclusion BYHWD could inhibit OGD-induced PC12 cell apoptosis, and Radix Paeoniae Rubra is the main active herb on depressing apoptosis in BYHWD.
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Objective To observe the protective effect of Huoxue Jiannao Capsule(HJC) on neuronal cells in rats after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods SD rats were randomized into nimodine group,mode1 group,pseudo-operation group(at the dose of 10.8mg?kg-1?d-1) and HJC group(at the dose of 1.8g?kg-1?d-1).The rats in the latter 3 groups received 2-hour ischemia,and 6,12 and 24 hours of reperfusion respectively.Focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was induced by intra-luminal thread occlusion.Cytochrome C(Cyt C)of neuronal cells was measured by immunohistochemistry.In-situ hybridization(ISH) was used to determine the expression of Caspase-3 mRNA and Caspase-9 mRNA.Results Weak positive expression of Cyt C was presented in HJC group after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion for 6 hours,and the difference was significant as compared with the model group(P0.05).After ischemia-reperfusion for 24 hours,the expression of Caspase-3 mRNA and Caspase-9 mRNA in hippocampus arrived to the peak in the model group,while was decreased in HJC group,and the difference between the model group and HJC group was significant(P
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【Objective】To observe the effect of ligustrazine(Lig) on cell apoptosis and expression of bcl-2 and p53 in rats hippocampal neurons after anoxia,and to explore its protective mechanism.【Methods】Primary culture technique of rat hippocampal neurons was used to establish the model of anoxia.At the 14th day of the culturing,the cultured cells were divided into model group,and high-,middle-and low-dosage ligustrazine (800,200 and 50 ?g/mL respectively) groups,which were exposed to anoxia environment for continuous 1.5 hours.Flow cytometer was used for the quantitative analysis of apoptosis rate of neurons,and in-situ hybridization was used to detect the bcl-2 and p53 mRNA expression of hippocampal neurons.【Results】In middle-dosage ligustrazine group after exposure to anoxia environment for 1.5 hours,the apoptosis rate and the bcl-2 and p53 mRNA expression of hippocampal neurons differed from those in other groups(P
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【Objective】To observe the effect of Moschus combined with Borneol on brain water content and blood-brain barrier(BBB)permeability in rat model of cerebral focal ischemia with reperfusion.【Methods】Thirty SD rats were randomized into 6 groups: sham-operation group,model group,Moschus(1 mg?kg-1?d-1)group,Borneol(3 mg?kg-1?d-1)group,Moschus with Borneol group,nimodipine(12 mg?kg-1?d-1)group.The rat model of cerebral focal ischemia with reperfusion was established with method of putting nylon monofilament in the internal carotid artery.The brain water content was evaluated by detecting the wet weight and dry weight of brain.The detection of cerebral extra-vascular Evans blue(EB)content was used to observe the changes of BBB permeability.【Results】After cerebral ischemia for 2 hours and reperfusion for 24 hours,water content and EB content in the model group increased significantly compared with the pseudo-operation group(P
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【Objective】To observe the effects of bamboo leaf extract(BLE)on cerebral ischemia.【Methods】 Effect of BLE(at the concentrations of 10,20 and 40 mg/kg respectively,iv)on rabbit carotid thrombus induced by cotton thread was observed.Meanwhile,the effects of BLE(at the concentrations of 15,30 and 60 mg/kg respectively,iv)on neurological deficit and cerebral infarct size in rats with middle cerebral arterial obstruction(MCAO),as well as the effects of BLE(at the concentrations of 22.5,45,and 90?mg/kg respectively,iv)on mice stroke index,grasping time of decapitated mice and survival time of mice subjecting to bilateral carotid ligation were also observed.【Results】BLE inhibited rabbit carotid thrombosis,improved neurological deficit and reduced cerebral infarct size in MCAO rats(P
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[Objective] To observe the effect of Naolisu Granules (NG) for experimental cerebral ischemia in rats. [Methods] Rat models with cerebral ischemia was set up by embolization of middle artery. To observe the effects of NG on cerebrovascular permeability, cerebral water content was examined and cerebral Evans blue (EB) content was detected with chromatometry. Meanwhile, the effect of HG on cerebral histological structure was observed with hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining method. [Results] NG decreased cerebral capillary permeability and cerebral edema ( P
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【Objective】 The effect of pretreatment with Buyang Huanwu Decoction(BHD) on L-type calcium channels of cortical neurons in rats with global cerebral ischemia was observed,thus to explore the molecular therapeutic mechanism of BHD for cerebral ischemia as well as the pathogenic mechanism of Ca2+ message in ischemic injury of neurons.【Methods】SD rats were randomized into pseudo-operation group,model groups and BHD groups.And the model groups and BHD groups were divided into six groups according to the time points after reperfusion(2nd,12th,24th,48th and 72nd hour after reperfusion respectively).BHD groups received 0.64g/kg BHD by gastric infusion,bid,for 5 continuous days.Except the rats in pseudo-operation groups,the rats in other groups were induced global cerebral ischemia by modified Pulsinelli's four-vessel occlusion.Cerebral cortical neurons in rats were isolated promptly in 2nd,12th,24th,48th and 72nd hour after reperfusion.The recorded single-channel current was amplified by the EPC-9 patch-clamping amplifier,and then input into the computer by Pulse+Pulsefit.The analytical software TAC was used to detect the opening time and opening probability of the L-type Ca2+ channels in rats at different time points after reperfusion.【Results】In the model groups,the opening time of the L-type Ca2+ channels was prolonged after reperfusion as compared with that in the pseudo-operation group,and the opening probability of the L-type Ca2+ channels arrived at the peaks in 2nd and 24th hour after reperfusion.In BHD groups,the opening time in 72nd hour after reperfusion was decreased(P
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[Objective] To explore the counteractive mechanism of Tongmai Injection (IT) for excitotoxicity in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion by observing the glutamic acid (Glu) content and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity in rats cortex. [ Methods ] Rat models with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion were established by four-vessel occlusion. Glu content and NMDA receptor activity were examined by radioimmunoassay and the effects of TI on Glu and NMDA receptor were also observed. [ Results ] Glu content and NMDA receptor activity were both increased in the model group and TI could counteract the above changes. [Conclusion] Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion can induce excitotoxicity and TI can protect the cerebral cortex.
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0.05) . NNS could decrease blood viscosity and hematocrit, inhibit the aggregation of erythrocytes and platelet and increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH -Px). [Conclusion] NNS has an effect on AIS, which is similar to nimodipine. Its therapeutic mechanism may be related to the relief of cerebral ischemia by improving blood rheology and cerebral blood flow and protecting brain cells from injury by eliminating free radicals.
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Objective: To explore the effect of Plastrum Testudinis on the three subtypes of NOS (nNOS,iNOS,eNOS) expression in rats with focal cerebral ischemia. Methods:Rat model of focal cerebral ischemia was set up by inserting nylon thread into the internal carotid artery . The expressions of nNOS, iNOS and eNOS was detected by immunohistochemical method to observe the effects of Plastrum Testudinis. Results: Expressions of nNOS and iNOS in cerebral cortex and caudate-putamen of Plastrum Testudinis treatment group were significantly lower than those of model control group (P
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Objective: To study the protective effect of Complex EGb(C-EGb) on cerebral ischemic damage. Methods: SD rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) was established according to the method described by Zea Longa,et al. The neurological symptoms and brain infarction range in rat models were evaluated. Mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was set up by ligating bilateral common carotid arteries and loosening them in 30 minutes. Effects of C-Egb on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) level, catalase activity and plasma malonyl dialdehyde (MDA) content were observed. Results: C-EGb markedly improved the neurological symptoms and reduced the range of cerebral infarction in MCAO rats. It also decreased the inhibition of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activity and reduced the production of MDA in ischemia-reperfusion mice. Conclusion: C-EGb has protective effect on brain tissue from cerebral ischemic damage and its effect is better than that of EGb and that of the mixture of EGb.
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Objective To investigate the effect of Plastrum Testudinis on neural stem cell after focal cerebral ischemia.Methods Rat models of focal cerebral ischemia were established by inserting nylon thread into the anterior cerebral artery.Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of the neuroepithelial stem cell protein(Nestin),neurologic deficit and histological features were also observed.Results Plastrum Testudinis can decrease the neurologic dificit score and promote the expression of Nestin.Conclusion Plastrum Testudinis can alleviate the neurological symptoms and promote the proliferation of neural stem cell after focal cerebral ischemia.
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Objective To explore the mechanism of Borneolum combined with Rhizoma Chuanxiong in counteracting cerebral ischemia with reperfusion injury.Methods Rat Model of cerebral ischemia with reperfusion injury was set up by occlusion of bilateral carotid arteries.The effect of Borneolum combined with Rhizoma Chuanxiong on the content of nitric oxide(NO)and free radicals of model rat brain tissue was observed.Results Borneolum combined with Rhizoma Chuanxiong decreased the lipid peroxide(LPO)content and increased the activity of superoxidase(SOD)in model rat brain tissue(P
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To study the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) on neural cell apoptosis after cerebral ischemia in gerbils and its mechanism, gerbil model with cerebral ischemia was established by clamping of bilateral carotid arteries and then reperfusion. Neural cell apoptosis of hippocampal gyrus slides was observed under electron microscope 120 hours after reperfusion. The activities of Na + -K + ATPase , Ca 2+ ATPase , Mg 2+ ATPase and NOS, and the contents of lactic acid, NO and amino acid in cerebral tissues were detected 120 hours after reperfusion. The results showed that BHD can reduce the incidence of neural cell apoptosis of hippocampal gyrus, prevent the decrease of Na + -K + ATPase and Ca 2+ ATPase activities, increase NO content and NOS activity, and reduce cerebral glucose content. It is indicated that BHD can counteract neural cell apoptosis after cerebral ischemia in gerbils and its mechanism may be related to the improvement of cerebral energy metabolism, regulation of NO synthesis and antagonism of toxic effect of excitatory amino acid.
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[Objective] To study the effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction and Radix Astragali on astrocytes in gerbils with cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. [Methods] Gerbils model of cerebral ischemia was set up by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries. The dynamic expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were determined by immunohistochemical method in reperfusion for 24 and 48 hours after 15 minutes of cerebral ischemia. [Results] Positive expression of GFAP reached a peak in reperfusion for 24 hours and was decreased by Buyang Huanwu Decoction and Radix Astragali. Positive GFAP expression was attenuated in reperfusion for 48 hours and enhanced by Buyang Huanwu Decoction and Radix Astragali increased the expression. [ Conclusion ] The regulatory effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction and Radix Astragali on astrocytes may be one of its mechanisms in repairing nervous function after cerebral ischemia.
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Yiqi Huoxue Oral Liquid(YHOL) was a formula with Qi Reinforcing and bind-circulationactivating actions consisting of Radix Astragali seu Hedysari,Heada,Radix Ilicis Pubesceatis,etc,To study its Pharmacological mechanism, the effects of YHOL on cerebral edema and ultra- struture of cereblal ischemic rat model after reperfusion were observed. The results showed that YHOLdecreased the water content of ischemic barn to some extent, alleviated the neurological symptoms andreduced the damage of brain ultrastructure in the early stage of reperfusion. It is indicated that YHOLcan reduce cereblal edema by protecting the fumction of vascular endothelial cell and the integrity of basicmembranes and improving microcirculation, and exerts a protective effect on the delayed death of neuron.This will Provide an experimental evidence for the clinical application of YHOL.
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[Objective] To investigate the effect of aromatic herbs for resuscitation such as Moschus and Borneol on nitric oxide (NO) content and expression of endothelial NO synthetase (eNOS) and inducible NO synthetase (iNOS) in brain tissue of rats with cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. [Methods] Forty rats were allocated to 4 groups: mimic operation group (Group A), model group (Group B), herbs treatment group (Group C) and nimodipine treatment group (Group D). Rat model of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury was established by Pulsinelli 4VO method. NO content in brain tissue was determined by nitrate reductase method. Expression of eNOS and iNOS in micrangium and iNOS in neurons was measured by semi-quantitative analysis. [Results] NO content was decreased and approached normal level in Group C and Group D (P 0.05 as compared with Group A). Aromatic herbs with action of inducing resuscitation increased the expression of eNOS in micrangium and decreased the expression of iNOS in micrangium and neurons, the differences being significant as compared with those in Group B ( P
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Objective To study the effects of Naoxing Nasal Spray(NNS)on ultrastructure of brain tissues i n rats with focal cerebral ischemia -reperfusion inj ury(CIRI ).Methods Thirty Wistar rats were randomly all ocated to 6groups:Group A(treated with high dose of NNS ),Group B(treated with moderate dose of NNS),Group C(treated with low dose of NNS ),Group D(positive control group),Group E (treated with normal saline)and Group F (normal group).After medication for 3days,rat models of CIRI were established by the occlusion of left mid dle cerebral artery.Ultrastructur e of left fore-head cortical tissue was observed un der electron microscope after one -h our ischemia and 24-hour reperfusio n.Results The injury of neurons,gliocytes and capillaries in Group A and Group B was obviously milder than that in Group E and that in Group A was the mildest,the differences being not significant as compared with that in Group D.Conclusion NNS can reduce the ischemic damage of cerebr al cortex and obviously protect cere bral tissues in rats with CIRI.
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Objective To observe the effect of compound Epi medium injection(CEI )on focal cerebral ischemia in rats.Methods Sixty Sprague -Dawsley rats were ran domly allocated to six groups:mimic operation group(n=10),model group(n=10),tetramethylpyrazine injection gro up(n=10),CEI groups(treated with large -,moderate -and small -dose of CEI respectively).Focal cerebral ischemia in rats was induced by occlusion of right middle cerebral artery and the effects of CEI on plasm a levels of TXA 2 and PGI 2 ,platelet aggregation ,SOD and MDA a ctivities and infarct size of brain were observed.Results CEI could increase PGI 2 level in plasma,lower platelet aggregation rate,increase SOD activity,decrease TXA 2 level and MDA content and lessen the i nfarct size of brain.Conclusion CEI can keep the balance of TXA 2 -PGI 2 ,inhibit platelet aggregation and i ncrease the volume of cerebral blood flow.Meanwhile,it can also elimi-nate oxygen free radicals,improve cerebral function and relie ve ischemic damage induced by acute c erebral infarction.