Fitorremediación con Brassicaceae y Apiaceae en suelos contaminados con metales pesados

Introducción: La cuenca media del río Bogotá viene sufriendo contaminación por metales pesados debido a los vertidos industriales. Esta fuente de agua ha sido utilizada para el riego de cultivos de ciclo corto, lo que ha provocado la contaminación por metales pesados de los suelos productivos. Objetivo: Evaluar un proceso de fitorremediación con las especies de Brócoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) y Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L.) en suelos contaminados con metales pesados en Mosquera, Colombia. Métodos: El muestreo se realizó con un diseño factorial al azar: a) proporciones de cilantro/brócoli (30 cilantro/70 brócoli, 50/50, 70 cilantro/30 brócoli y dos controles de tipo monocultivo de cada especie) y b) tiempo de fitorremediación (3, 6 y 9 meses), cada tratamiento con cuatro parcelas experimentales. El suelo y el tejido vegetal se analizó mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica para determinar la concentración de los metales pesados. Resultados: Las concentraciones de metales pesados en las muestras de tejido vegetal para brócoli y cilantro mostraron valores de Cd, Pb y Cr más altos que Hg y As, respecto al control. Las concentraciones de Cd, Pb y Cr presentaron valores significativamente más altos (P < 0.05) en suelos con cilantro y brócoli mezclados, respecto al sitio de control donde la concentración de Cd registró niveles significativamente más bajos que en los otros suelos. Las concentraciones de Cd, Pb y Cr fueron más altas en tejidos de cilantro y en suelos con cilantro en comparación con el control. Conclusiones: La fitorremediación por medio de las especies Brassica oleracea var. itálica Plenck y Coriandrum sativum L. en proporciones 70/30 o 30/70 a suelos con pH entre 5.5 y 6.0 permiten una buena recuperación de suelos con contenidos de metales pesados en términos de concentraciones altas a cortos plazos, iniciando la biorremediación a los tres meses y finalizando cargas de disponibilidad variable a los nueve meses.

Introduction: The middle basin of the Bogotá River has been suffering from heavy metal contamination due to industrial discharges. This water source has been used to irrigate short-cycle crops, which has resulted in heavy metal contamination of productive soils. Objective: To evaluate a phytoremediation process with the plant species Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica plenck) and Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L.) in soils contaminated with heavy metals in Mosquera, Colombia. Methods: Sampling was performed with a randomized factorial design: a) cilantro/broccoli proportions (30 cilantro/70 broccoli, 50/50, 70 cilantro/30 broccoli and two monoculture type controls of each species) and b) phytoremediation time (3, 6 and 9 months), each treatment with four experimental plots. Soil and plant tissue were analyzed in the laboratory by atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine the concentration of heavy metals. Results: The concentrations of heavy metals in plant tissue samples for broccoli and cilantro showed higher values of Cd, Pb and Cr than Hg and As, with respect to the control. The concentrations of Cd, Pb and Cr presented significantly higher values (P < 0.05) in soil where there was a mixed presence of cilantro and broccoli, with respect to the control site where the concentration of Cd registered significantly lower levels than in the other soils. Finally, Cd, Pb and Cr concentrations were higher in cilantro tissues and in soils with cilantro compared to the control. Conclusions: Phytoremediation by means of Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck and Coriandrum sativum L. in 70/30 or 30/70 proportions in soils with pH between 5.5 and 6.0 allows a good recovery of soils with heavy metal contents in terms of high concentrations in short terms, starting bioremediation after three months and ending loads of variable availability after nine months.

Green synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles using Coriandrum sativum L. leaf extract

Green nanoparticle synthesis is a promising, eco-friendly and safe approach. In the current study, Iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) were synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Coriandrum sativum L. Further, the characterization of synthesized FeONPs was performed using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and differential scanning colorimetry (DSC). The surface plasmon resonance effect confirmed the synthesis of FeONPs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed mean particle size of FeONPs around 163.5 and polydispersity index 0.091 with a zeta potential of ?13.8 mV. Differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) exhibited an endothermic peak at 176.91°C. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis showed superparamagnetic properties of iron nanoparticles with a magnetization value of 3.483 emu/g and the results indicated superparamagnetic behavior of prepared iron nanoparticles at room temperature, thus highlighting their potential as magnetically targeted drug delivery system. This biosynthetic method has been proven to be cost-effective, environment friendly and promising for use in biomedical sciences.

Economic study of the cultivation of kale, coriander, lettuce, and chives in intercropping / Estudo econômico do cultivo da couve, coentro, alface e cebolinha em consórcio

Intercropping of vegetables in a poorly planned manner may not achieve the expected economic results, as it is an activity that requires a great technical and administrative capacity of the producer. This study aimed to analyze the economic feasibility of intercropping kale with coriander, lettuce, and chives in relation to monocultures. The experiment was conducted in the Center for Agri-food Science and Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, in the municipality of Pombal, PB in the period from June 2014 to July 2015. Eleven treatments were tested: four polycultures, three bicultives, and four monocultures, in randomized blocks, with four replications. The productivity, total operating costs (TOC), gross and net revenue, rate of return, profitability index, and efficient land use were evaluated. The TOC values of intercropping were calculated with the prices of July 2015. In all the systems studied, the largest participation was referring to the cost hand of labor. The highest gross and net revenues were observed in the kale with lettuce in bicultive, the rate of return and profitability index was higher on lettuce in monoculture. Despite the increase in the TOCs of the intercropping in relation to the monocultures, the intercropping proved to be economically viable in terms of efficient land use, reaching values indicating a land-use efficiency of up to 50% more in polycultures and bicultives.

O cultivo de hortaliças de maneira mal planejada pode não alcançar os resultados econômicos esperados, pois é uma atividade que exige grande capacidade técnica e administrativa do produtor. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade econômica de cultivar couve, alface e cebolinha em consórcio. O experimento foi conduzido no Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, no município de Pombal, PB, no período de junho de 2014 a julho de 2015. Foram testados onze tratamentos: quatro policultivos, três bicultivos e quatro monocultivos, em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados: produtividade; custos operacionais totais (COT); receita bruta e líquida; taxa de retorno; índice de lucratividade e uso eficiente da terra (UET). Os valores de COT do consórcio foram calculados com os preços de julho de 2015. Em todos os sistemas estudados, a maior participação foi referente ao custo mão de obra. As maiores receita bruta e líquida foram observadas na couve com alface em bicultivo, a taxa de retorno e rentabilidade índice foram maiores na alface em monocultura. Apesar do aumento nos COT'S dos consórcios em relação às monoculturas, a consorciação mostrou-se economicamente viável em termos de uso eficiente da terra, alcançando valores que indicam uma eficiência no uso da terra de até 50% a mais em policultivos e bicultivos.

Hypolipidemic activity of Coriandrum sativum in diabetic dyslipidemic rats

Background: Metabolic syndrome is described as the clustering of obesity, aberrant glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia and hypertension. A characteristic pattern, termed diabetic dyslipidemia, consists of low HDL, increased triglycerides and postprandial lipemia. This pattern is most frequently seen in type 2 diabetes and may be a treatable risk factor for subsequent cardiovascular disease. This study was designed to compare the hypolipidemic activity of Coriandrum sativum L. with the standard antidiabetic drug, metformin in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce diabetes in the rats. The hypolipidemic activity of Coriandrum sativum seed extract was compared to the standard drug metformin. 4 groups (n=8) (normal control, diabetic control, streptozotocin+Coriandrum sativum and streptozotocin+metformin). The drugs were administered once daily for 28 days following which lipid profile was estimated on 28th day by using blood sample collected from the retro-orbital space.Results: STZ induced diabetes and also lead to dyslipidemia. Oral administration of CS seed extracts significantly lowered total cholesterol (TC), LDL:HDL ratio, TC:HDL ratio, thus, reducing the cardiovascular risk. HDL levels were slightly increased with CS seed extract compared to diabetic control group but not statistically significant. There was also statistically insignificant reduction in the atherogenic index with CS seed extract compared to diabetic control.Conclusions: CS seed extract (40 mg/kg) orally may have considerable therapeutic benefit as a hypolipidemic agent and can be suggested as a potential dietary add on.

Antidiabetic activity of Coriandrum sativum in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) can be defined as chronic hyperglycemia due to lack in insulin secretion and/or action. This study was designed to compare the antidiabetic activity of Coriandrum sativum L. with the standard antidiabetic drug, Metformin in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce diabetes in the rats. Standard drug was metformin and test drug were Coriandrum sativum seed extract. 4 groups of 8 rats each were taken (normal control, diabetic control, streptozotocin + Coriandrum sativum and streptozotocin + metformin). Blood Sugar Levels (BSL) and HbA1C levels were estimated on day 0, 14 and 28 and day 28 respectively.Results: Streptozotocin administration resulted in significant rise in BSL. This rise was reduced with the administration of CS seed extract, but the reduction was more with chronic administration. It also reduced the HbA1C levels but couldn’t attain total normoglycemia. However, the reduction of BSL was superior with Metformin compared to the test drug.Conclusions: Oral administration of Coriandrum sativum seed extract at a dose of 40 mg/kg has shown antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Thus, Coriandrum sativum may have considerable therapeutic benefit as an antidiabetic agent and can be suggested as a potential dietary add on.

Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of fruit of Coriandrum sativum. Linn methanolic extract in Streptozocin induced diabetic wistar Albino rats

Background: Diabetes prevalence is estimated to increase annually. Numerous people use traditional medicine, such as India also considered as the diabetic capital in the world. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by disturbances in lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism. The present study to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of coriandrum sativum. linn fruits methanolic extract in streptozocin induced diabetic wistar albino rats model.Methods: Diabetes induction in wistar albino rats by administration of streptozocin (50mg/kg, i.p.) in citrate buffer. 30 wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups (A, B, C, D, E). Group A: served as normal control, whereas Group B: diabetic control, Group C, D methanolic coriandrum sativum Linn. fruits extract (CSFME) at a dose of 100, 200mg/kg orally, Group E was given standard drug Glibenclamide (0.5mg/kg) orally. All groups are administered for the period of 14 consecutive days and blood sugar levels was measured at regular intervals up to end of the study.Results: This present research study confirms that the test drug compound CSFME has sustained oral hypoglycaemic activity and statistically significant (p ?0.05) and which is comparable with standard drug Glibenclamide.Conclusions: This research study confirms that the CSFME has antidiabetic activity against streptozocin induced wistar diabetic albino rats. It could be a novel antidiabetic agent and also a dietary adjunct in the type 2 diabetes management and its complication. Further studies are necessary required to confirm the antidiabetic activity of individual phytochemical compounds of Coriandrum sativum.

Green manuring with Calotropis procera for the production of coriander in two growing seasons / Adubação verde com Calotropis procera na produção de coentro em duas épocas de cultivo

ABSTRACT The use of spontaneous species of the Caatinga biome can contribute significantly to the nutritional demand of vegetable crops, thereby providing an agroecological and sustainable form of production. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of different biomasses of Calotropis procera (rooster tree) and times of incorporation into the soil of green manure during two growing seasons on the agronomic performance of coriander cv. Verdão produced in Serra Talhada, a semi-arid region of Pernambuco, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications. The treatments were arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with the first factor consisting of biomass amounts of C. procera (5.4, 8.8, 12.2 and 15.6 t ha-1 on a dry basis) and the second by the incorporation times into the soil (0, 10, 20 and 30 days before coriander planting). The evaluated characteristics were plant height, number of stems per plant, yield of green mass and dry mass of shoot. The best productive performance of coriander was observed in amounts of 12.2 (spring) and 8.8 (autumn-winter) t ha-1 C. procera added to the soil, with an ideal incorporation time of 13 (spring) and 23 (autumn-winter) days before sowing of the crop and with larger accumulations of green and dry mass of the shoot being obtained in autumn-winter.

RESUMO O uso de espécies espontâneas do bioma Caatinga pode contribuir de forma significativa no suprimento nutricional demandado pelas hortaliças, sendo uma forma agroecológica e sustentável de produção. O objetivo da pesquisa foi determinar os efeitos de quantidades de biomassa de Calotropis procera (flor-de-seda), de tempos de incorporação ao solo do adubo verde e de duas épocas de cultivo sobre o desempenho agronômico do coentro cv. Verdão produzido em Serra Talhada, semiárido de Pernambuco, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com o primeiro fator constituído por quantidades de biomassa de C. procera (5,4; 8,8; 12,2 e 15,6 t ha-1 em base seca), e o segundo pelos tempos de incorporação ao solo (0, 10, 20 e 30 dias antes do plantio do coentro). As características avaliadas foram altura de plantas, número de hastes por planta, rendimento de massa verde e massa seca da parte aérea. O melhor desempenho produtivo do coentro foi observado nas quantidades 12,2 (primavera) e 8,8 (outono-inverno) t ha-1 de C. procera adicionada ao solo, com um tempo ideal de incorporação de 13 (primavera) e 23 (outono-inverno) dias antes da semeadura da cultura e com maiores acúmulos de massas verde e seca da parte aérea sendo obtidos no outono-inverno.

In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Basil ( Ocimum baslicum L. ) and Coriander ( Coriandrum satirum L. ) oil extracts on Streptococus mutans

Plant extracts and essential oils show efficiency on growth control in a wide variation of microorganisms, including filamentous fungi, yeasts and bacteria. To evaluate antimicrobial activity of plant extracts, determine the lower quantity of substance to inhibit the microorganism test growth is necessary. This value is known as Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). This study had as aim to verify the antimicrobial action and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) oil extract before S. mutans (ATCC 25175) strains. Antimicrobial activity determination was carried out by microdilution method and performed according to recommendations of CLSI (previously known as NCCLS), standard M7-A6 (NCCLS, 2003) for bacteria, and standard M27-A2 (NCCLS, 2002). All the experiments were carried out in triplicate. Results showed the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determination by microdilution method in broth showed Ocimum basilicum L. and Coriandrum sativum L. extract oils presented inhibitory activity before S. mutans strain. Basil in 1:4 concentration is bacteriostatic and in 1:3 concentration is bactericide. Coriander in 1:2 concentration is bacteriostatic and in 1:1 concentration is bactericide. We concluded that basil presented higher inhibitory activity regarding to the coriander. We also observed as bigger the extract dilution, lower their effectivity.o assess the attitude and practice of dental professionals towards using of advance Radiographic technique.

In situ evaluation of basil oil essential oil cytotoxicity ( Ocimum basilicum L. )

Essential oils derived from plants used as condiments represent a large group of natural antimicrobials. Extracts and essential oils from plants have been shown to be efficient in controlling the growth of a wide variety of microorganisms, including filamentous fungi, yeasts and bacteria. Practical uses of these activities are suggested in humans and animals, as well as in the food industry. This study aimed to evaluate the basal basil essential oil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cytotoxicity in NCTC Clone 929 cell line, mouse connective tissue cells (CCIAL 020), which were seeded in Petri dishes and incubated for 48 hours To to form the cell monolayer. For the this test accomplishment of this test, we counted with the collaboration of the Nucleus of Cell Cultures - NCC of the Adolfo Lutz Institute, of the city of São Paulo-SP. The culture medium used is the solid coating medium, and fragments of the samples fragments are were placed on this coating medium and the plates were again incubated for 24 hours. The Biological Reactivity Degree (GR) index, which is the area not stained by the vital dye, is were observed macro and microscopically. Samples were tested in quadruplicates on separate plates. ThusThereunto, the test result showed that the essential oil was cytotoxic in the cell line studied, and that the future work in pharmacology and toxicology needs to be performed to better standardize the therapeutic dose, which is not cytotoxic as the pure oil behaved.o assess the attitude and practice of dental professionals towards using of advance Radiographic technique.

Morphological alterations and time-kill studies of the essential oil from the leaves of Coriandrum sativum L. on Candida albicans / Alteraciones morfológicas y estudios de letalidad del aceite esencial de las hojas de Coriandrum sativum L. en Candida albicans

The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological alterations and time-kill of the essential oil of the leaves of C. sativum L. on strains of C. albicans. The essential oil was submitted to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The predominant component identified was linalool (39.78 percent). Minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal fungicidal concentration of the essential oil were respectively 512 and 1024 ug.mL-1 for 90 percent of the strains tested. In the time-kill curves, the essential oil showed a concentration-dependent fungicidal effect. In the micromorphology assay it caused a significant reduction in pseudohyphae, an important pathogenic factor of C. albicans.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las alteraciones morfológicas y de letalidad del aceite esencial de las hojas de C. sativum L. en cepas de C. albicans. El aceite esencial se presentó a gas análisis de espectrometría de cromatografía-masa. El componente predominante identificado fue linalol (39,78 por ciento). Concentración inhibitoria mínima y concentración mínima fungicida del aceite esencial fueron, respectivamente, 512 y 1.024 ìg.mL-1 para 90 por ciento de las cepas probadas. En las curvas el tiempo-matar, el aceite esencial mostró un efecto fungicida dependiente de la concentración. En el ensayo de micromorfología causó una reducción significativa en pseudohifas, un importante factor patógeno de C. albicans.

Behavior of half-sib progenies of coriander / Comportamento de progênies meios-irmãos de coentro

This work evaluated the behavior of coriander half-sib progenies (Coriandrum sativum L.) regarding their agronomic traits. The study was developed in a greenhouse in the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, PE, Brazil. The experiment was designed as augmented block design with 26 coriander genotypes, of which 24 were coriander half-sib treatments, and two control treatments, 'Verdão' and 'Tabocas'. These progenies were selected from four cycles of phenotypic recurrent selection from the 'Verdão' population, which were selected for later bolting. Plant height and canopy diameter were evaluated in the field, and shoot fresh mass. There were significant differences between the treatment means for all variables analyzed. Regarding analysis of variance and SNK test, there is available variability to select half-sib progenies. Genotypes C4-014, C4-015, C4-016, and C4-018 had promising productivity compared to the commercial control varieties. The broad-sense heritability values were 77.3, 81.5 and 95.8% for canopy diameter, shoot fresh mass, and plant height, respectively. This result showed that the majority of phenotypic variance is genetic. Therefore, these genotypes may be used in coriander breeding programs of recurrent selection to obtain cultivars adapted to tropical conditions.

Esse trabalho objetivou avaliar o comportamento de progênies de meios-irmãos de coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.) para caracteres agronômicos. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, sendo utilizado delineamento em blocos aumentados com 26 genótipos de coentro sendo avaliados 24 tratamentos regulares, representados pelas progênies de meios-irmãos de coentro e dois tratamentos comuns, 'Verdão' e 'Tabocas'. Essas progênies foram provenientes de 4 ciclos de seleção recorrente fenotípica, a partir da população Verdão, sendo selecionados para pendoamento tardio. Foram avaliados em campo os caracteres, altura da planta e diâmetro da copa e em virtude da colheita, a massa fresca da parte aérea. Houve diferença significativa entre as médias dos tratamentos para todas as variáveis analisadas. Segundo análise de variância e teste de media, há variabilidade passível de seleção nas progênies de meios-irmãos. Os genótipos C4-014, C4-015, C4-016 e C4-018 mostraram-se promissores quanto aos caracteres avaliados, quando comparados com as testemunhas comerciais. Os valores da herdabilidade no sentido amplo foram: 77,3, 815 e 95,8%, para diâmetro da copa, massa fresca da parte aérea e altura da planta, respectivamente. Revelando que a maior parte da variância fenotípica se deve a variância genética. Portanto esses genótipos podem ser utilizados em programas de melhoramento de seleção recorrente para obtenção de cultivares de coentro adaptados a condição tropical.

Alternativas metodológicas do teste de envelhecimento acelerado em sementes de coentro / Methodological alternatives for the accelerated aging test in coriander seeds

RESUMO: No presente trabalho, o objetivo foi adequar a metodologia do teste de envelhecimento acelerado para avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de Coriandrum sativum L. Seis lotes de sementes foram utilizados, sendo submetidos aos testes de germinação, índice de velocidade de emergência, emergência de plântulas e envelhecimento acelerado, empregando-se os períodos de envelhecimento de 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas, na metodologia tradicional com água e com o uso de solução saturada e não saturada de cloreto de sódio (NaCl). O teste de envelhecimento acelerado, utilizando solução salina saturada na combinação 24 horas a 41ºC é adequado para avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de coentro. O período de 48 horas para o método de envelhecimento acelerado, utilizando solução salina saturada ou não, também é eficaz na avaliação do vigor em sementes de coentro.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to adapt the methodology of the accelerated aging test to assess the physiological seed of Coriandrum sativum L. Six batches of seeds were tested for germination, emergence rate index, seedling emergence and accelerated aging employing the aging periods of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, the traditional methodology with water and the use of unsaturated and saturated sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. Accelerated aging test using saturated saline 24 hours in a combination with 41ºC, is adequate to evaluate the physiological potential of coriander seeds. The period of 48 hour for accelerated aging method using saturated saline or not, is also effective in the evaluation vigor test of coriander seeds.

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) essential oil: Chemistry and biological activity

Coriandrum sativum L. (C. sativum) is one of the most useful essential oil bearing spices as well as medicinal plants, belonging to the family Umbelliferae/Apiaceae. The leaves and seeds of the plant are widely used in folk medicine in addition to its use as a seasoning in food preparation. The C. sativum essential oil and extracts possess promising antibacterial, antifungal and anti-oxidative activities as various chemical components in different parts of the plant, which thus play a great role in maintaining the shelf-life of foods by preventing their spoilage. This edible plant is non-toxic to humans, and the C. sativum essential oil is thus used in different ways, viz., in foods (like flavouring and preservatives) and in pharmaceutical products (therapeutic action) as well as in perfumes (fragancias and lotions). The current updates on the usefulness of the plant C. sativum are due to scientific research published in different web-based journals.

The possible protective effect of Coriandrum sativum seeds methanolic extract on hepato-renal toxicity induced by sodium arsenite in albino rats.

This work has been carried out in order to investigate the possible ameliorative effect of Coriander seeds methanolic extract (CSE) on sodium arsenite (As) – induced toxicity in albino rats. 2,3 Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) was used as a standerd chelating agent. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks and blood samples were withdrawn 4 and 8 weeks after As and other treatments administrations. As was used to induce hepatotoxicity in rats in a dose equivalent to 100 p.p.m . In-vivo studies using the different biochemical techniques employed in hepato-renal functions as well as liver apoptotic DNA and total RNA alterations proved that As caused a significant increase in parameters concerned to hepato-renal toxicity while treatment of CSE or DMSA caused an ameliorative effect on this toxicity. Administration of CSE and DMSA together along with arsenite proves the synergistic effects of these chelating agents on arsenite toxicity.

Carotene content of coriander leaves (Coriandrum sativum), Amaranth, Red (Amaranthus Sp, Green garlic (Allium sativum) and Mogri (Raphanus caudatus) and its products.

Food based approach is a more practical and sustainable approach to combat micronutrient deficiencies including vitamin A deficiency in India. However several gaps of knowledge with respect to the stability of β- carotene from foods and therefore its bioavailability exist. The present study aimed to assess the total and beta- carotene content of 4 vegetables (Coriandum sativum), Amaranth, Red (Amaranthus sp); Green garlic (Allium Sativum) and Mogri (Raphanus caudatus); and study the stability of beta carotene using minimal processing and addition of weak acids from foods, and product development using of coriander leaves. Results indicate that among the four vegetables, beta-carotene content of coriander was highest (2921.79 μg / 100 g) and lowest for mogri (425.15μg/100g). When coriander leaves were macerated alone in an electric mixer grinder and with green chilies, lemon or both, retention of beta carotene was 72.3%, 149.81%, 98.2%, and 182% resp. indicating the enhancing effects of green chillies and lemon juice of β- carotene retention. The fresh coriander leaves when incorporated into a recipe retained 75.47% of total carotene and 74.185 of β- carotene and was found to be highly acceptable using the composite score and hedonic test. The study indicates that minimal processing and usage of green chillies and lime in carotene rich foods enhance its retention. Efforts should be directed towards development of acceptable recipes incorporating green leafy vegetables and thereby resulting in an increased intake of β-carotene rich indigenous foods.

Studies on genetic divergence among Indian varieties of a spice herb, Coriandrum sativum.

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual spice herb that belongs to umbel family Apiaceae with diversified uses. We investigated the extent of variability among 22 Indian varieties of coriander using phenotypic and genetic markers. Multilocus genotyping by nine RAPD primers detected an average of intraspecific variations amounting to 66.18 % polymorphism in banding patterns. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that a greater proportion of total genetic variation exists within population (98%) rather than among populations (2%). Higher values of Nei’s gene diversity (h) and Shannon Information Index (i) and genetic distance analysis validate wider genetic diversity among Indian coriander varieties. Besides total internal transcribed spacer (ITS) length variations and single nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions/deletions (INDELS) were detected at seven sites in ITS-1 region. Multiple sequence alignment of 12 sequenced varieties revealed cent per cent identities of 5.8S gene region (162 bp) that validates its conserved nature. Multiple sequence alignment of ITS-1 region may be of phylogenetic significance in distinguishing and cataloguing of coriander germplasm. The representative sequences of each subgroup and all distinct varieties of RAPD clusters have been submitted to NCBI database and assigned Gen Accession numbers HQ 377194-377205. The measures of relative genetic distances among the varieties of coriander did not completely correlate the geographical places of their development. Eventually, the knowledge of their genetic relationships and DNA bar coding will be of significance.

Produção hidropônica de coentro e salsa crespa sob concentrações de solução nutritiva e posições das plantas nos perfis hidropônicos / Hydroponic production of coriander and curly parsley under concentrations of nutrient solution and plant positions in hydroponic profiles

O crescimento das plantas e a qualidade do produto final estão diretamente relacionados à solução nutritiva. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho do coentro e da salsa, sob concentrações de solução nutritiva e posições das plantas nos canais de cultivo, em sistema de cultivo hidropônico NFT. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo dispostas nas parcelas as concentrações da solução nutritiva (50; 75; 100 e 125%) e nas subparcelas as posições das plantas nos perfis hidropônicos (Inicial, Intermediária e Final), totalizando 12 tratamentos e três repetições. Plantas de salsa crespa e coentro apresentaram melhores rendimentos (produção de massa fresca, número de folhas e altura) sob cultivo com 100% da concentração da solução utilizada. Em análise, as posições inicial e intermediária dos perfis hidropônicos refletiram maiores rendimentos nas duas espécies estudadas. Em ambas culturas, o aumento da concentração para 125% é mais prejudicial ao desenvolvimento que a redução para 75%.

Plant growth and final fruit quality, in hydroponics, are directly related to the nutrient solution. This study evaluated the performance of cilantro and parsley, under different nutrient solution concentrations and plant position in the growth profiles, in NFT hydroponics growth system. The experimental design was completely randomized, in split plots, with plots in the nutrient solution concentration (50, 75, 100 or 125%) and the sub plots the plant position in the hydroponics profiles (Initial, Intermediate or Final), in a total of 12treatments and three repetitions. Curly parsley and cilantro presented best yields (production of fresh matter, number of leaves and height) under growth in 100% concentration of the utilized solution. The analysis showed that the initial and intermediate positions in the hydroponics profiles resulted in greater yield for both species studied. Increasing nutrient concentration to 125%, for both cultures, was more harmful for plant development than reducing it to 75%.

Quantidades e tempos de decomposição da jitirana no desempenho agronômico do coentro / Amounts and times of decomposition of scarlet starglory on agronomic performance of cilandro

A prática da adubação verde promove benefícios aos sistemas de produção de hortaliças. Este trabalho foi conduzido na fazenda experimental Rafael Fernandes do Departamento de Ciências Vegetais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró-RN, no período de junho a outubro de 2009, com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho agronômico do coentro da cultivar 'Verdão' sob diferentes quantidades e tempos de incorporação da jitirana ao solo. O delineamento experimental usado foi de blocos completos casualizados com os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 4x4, com três repetições, com 144 plantas por parcela, sendo o primeiro fator constituído pelas quantidades de jitirana (5,4; 8,8; 12,2 e 15,6Mg ha-1 em base seca), o segundo pelos tempos de sua incorporação ao solo (0, 10, 20 e 30 dias antes a semeadura - DAS). A cultivar de coentro plantado foi a 'Verdão'. As características avaliadas foram: altura e número de hastes por planta, matéria fresca e massa da matéria seca da parte aérea. Foi observada interação significativa para número de hastes por planta. O melhor desempenho agronômico do coentro foi obtido na quantidade de 15,6Mg ha-1 de jitirana incorporada ao solo, no tempo de 30 dias.

The practice of green manuring promotes benefits to production systems of hortals. One experiment was carried out at experimental farm of Departament of plant Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA), Mossoró-RN, in the period from June to October 2009, with the aim of evaluating the agronomic performance of coriander under different amounts and decomposition times of and scarlet starglory incorporated into the soil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with treatments arranged in a 4x4, with three replications, and 144 plants per plot, where the first factor consisted of the amounts of scarlet starglory (5.4, 8.8, 12.2 and 15.6Mg ha-1 dry matter), the second one by the times of soil incorporation (0, 10, 20, and 30 days before sowing - DAS). The cultivar planted of cilandro was Verdão. The characteristics evaluated in the cilandro were: plant height and number of stalks per plant, fresh mass and dry matter mass of shoots. Was significant interaction between for number stalks per plant. The best agronomic performance for cilantro was obtained in the dose of 15.6Mg ha-1 of scarlet starglory incorporated into the soil at time 30 days.

Evaluation of disease modifying activity of Coriandrum sativum in experimental models.

Background & objectives: Coriandrum sativum (CS), has been widely used in traditional systems of medicine for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the mechanism of action for its antiarthritic effects is not clearly known. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate the antiarthritic activity of CS in rats in two experimental models. Methods: The antiarthritic activity of CS seed hydroalcoholic extract (CSHE) was evaluated in adult Wistar rats by using two experimental models, viz. formaldehyde and Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (predominantly contributed by macrophages) was also evaluated. TNF-α level was estimated in serum by ELISA method. TNF-R1, IL-1 β and IL-6 expression in the synovium was analysed by immunohistochemistry. Results: CSHE produced a dose dependent inhibition of joint swelling as compared to control animals in both, formaldehyde and CFA induced arthritis. Although there was a dose dependent increase in serum TNF-α levels in the CSHE treated groups as compared to control, the synovial expression of macrophage derived pro-inflammatory cytokines/cytokine receptor was found to be lower in the CSHE treated groups as compared to control. Interpretation & conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the antiarthritic activity of CSHE may be attributed to the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the synovium. In further studies CSHE could be explored to be developed as a disease modifying agent in the treatment of RA.

Rendimento de coentro (Coriandrum sativum L. ) em sistema de adubação verde com a planta jitirana (Merremia aegyptia L. ) / Yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L. ) in a system of green manure with the plant scarlet starglory (Merremia aegyptia L.)

O coentro é a hortaliça mais utilizada como condimento na região de Mossoró-RN. Um experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, no período de maio a junho de 2010, com o objetivo de avaliar o rendimento de coentro sob diferentes quantidades da planta trepadeira jitirana, incorporada ao solo como adubo verde. O delineamento experimental usado foi o de blocos completos casualizados com sete tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram da incorporação de sete quantidades de jitirana (3,0; 6,0; 9,0; 12,0; 15,0; 18,0 e 21,0 t ha-1 de matéria seca de jitirana). A cultivar de coentro plantado foi a Verdão. As características avaliadas foram: altura e número de hastes por planta, rendimento e massa seca da parte aérea. O melhor desempenho agronômico do coentro foi observado na quantidade de 21,0 t ha-1 de jitirana. Para cada tonelada de jitirana incorporada ao solo observa-se um rendimento de coentro de 395 kg ha-1.

The ciliandro is the vegetable more used as seasoning in the area at Mossoró-RN. An experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm Rafael Fernandes of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA in the period from may to june 2010, with the objective of evaluating the coriander yield in under different amounts of plant clambering scarlet starglory, incorporated into the soil. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with eight treatments and three replicates. The treatments were combinations of eight amounts of scarlet starglory (3.0; 6.0; 9.0; 12.0; 15.0; 18.0 and 21.0 t ha-1 dry matter). The coriander cultivar planted was Verdão. The characteristics evaluated in the coriander were: plant height and number of stalks per plant, yield and dry matter mass of shoots. The best agroconomic performance lettuce was observed in the amount of 21,0 t ha-1 scarlet starglory. For each fresh or dry scarlet starglory ton incorporated into the soil, it was observed a mean yield of coriander mass of 395 kg ha-1.