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1.
Rev. medica electron ; 40(1): 144-158, ene.-feb. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-902276

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Se revisó la literatura existente sobre la Malformación de Chiari Tipo I en el adulto, haciendo énfasis en su diagnóstico imagenológico y tratamiento médico-quirúrgico. La malformación de Chiari es una enfermedad poco frecuente. Representa entre el 1 y el 4 % de todas las patologías neuroquirúrgicas. El diagnóstico se realiza meses y hasta años después de comenzada la sintomatología y se confirma en el 100 % de los casos con resonancia magnética de cráneo. El tratamiento es quirúrgico en los pacientes sintomáticos, siendo controversial en aquellos oligosintomáticos o con diagnóstico casual. La cirugía siempre debe realizarse con el apoyo de monitoreo neurofisiológico, que puede ser determinante en la técnica quirúrgica a emplear. La mortalidad asociada a la cirugía es muy baja, oscilando entre el 0 y 0,5 % según la mayoría de las series. Lo más importante es la selección de los pacientes para el tratamiento quirúrgico. No debe asumirse una actitud expectante en espera de un deterioro neurológico que justifique la cirugía, cuando ésta se hace a tiempo los resultados son mejores y con un mínimo de complicaciones (AU).


ABSTRACT The existent literature on Type I Chiari Malformation in adults was reviewed, making emphasis in its imaging diagnosis and medico-surgical treatment. Chiari malformation is a few frequent disease. It represents between 1 % and 4 % of all the neurosurgery pathologies. The diagnosis is made up months and even years after the beginning of the symptoms and it is confirmed by cranial magnetic resonance in the 100 % of the cases. The treatment is surgical in symptomatic patients, and it is controversial in the oligosymptomatic ones and in those with casual diagnosis. The surgery should be performed with the support of neurophysiological monitoring that might be determinant in the surgical technique to use. The mortality associated to the surgery is low, ranging from 0 and 0.5 % in most of the series. The most important thing is the choice of the patients for the surgical treatment. The neurological deterioration should not be expected to justify the surgery; when the surgery is carried out on time the results are better and with the minimum of complications (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/surgery , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/diagnosis , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/etiology , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/physiopathology , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/diagnostic imaging , Syringomyelia , Cranial Fossa, Posterior/abnormalities , Decompressive Craniectomy , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Intracranial Hypertension , Hydrocephalus
2.
Rev. medica electron ; 39(5): 1107-1116, set.-oct. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-902233

ABSTRACT

Se revisó la literatura existente sobre la Malformación de Chiari Tipo I en el adulto, haciendo énfasis en su diagnóstico imagenológico y tratamiento médico-quirúrgico. La malformación de Chiari es una enfermedad poco frecuente. Representa entre el 1 y el 4% de todas las patologías neuroquirúrgicas. El diagnóstico se realiza meses y hasta años después de comenzada la sintomatología y se confirma en el 100% de los casos con Resonancia magnética de cráneo. El tratamiento es quirúrgico en los pacientes sintomáticos, siendo controversial en aquellos oligosintomáticos o con diagnóstico casual. La cirugía siempre debe realizarse con el apoyo de monitoreo neurofisiológico, que puede ser determinante en la técnica quirúrgica a emplear. La mortalidad asociada a la cirugía es muy baja, oscilando entre el 0 y 0,5% según la mayoría de las series. Lo más importante es la selec­ción de los pacientes para el tratamiento quirúrgico. No debe asumirse una actitud expectante en espera de un deterioro neurológico que justifique la cirugía, cuando ésta se hace a tiempo los resultados son mejores y con un mínimo de complicaciones (AU).


The aim of this article is reviewing the existent literature on Type I Chiari malformation in adults and making emphasis in its imaging diagnosis and medico-surgical treatment. Chiari malformation is a few frequent diseases. It represents 1-4 % of all the neurosurgical diseases. The diagnosis is made months and even years after the beginning of the symptoms and it is confirmed by cranial magnetic resonance in the 100 % of the cases. The treatment is surgical in symptomatic patients, and it is controversial in the oligosymptomatic ones and in those with casual diagnosis. The surgery should be performed with the support of neurophysiological monitoring that might be determinant in the surgical technique to use. The mortality associated to the surgery is low, ranging from 0 and 0.5 % according to most of the series. The most important thing is the choice of the patients for the surgical treatment. The neurological deterioration should not be expected to justify the surgery; when the surgery is carried out on time the results are better and with the minimum of complications (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Nervous System Malformations/surgery , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/surgery , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/complications , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/diagnosis , Syringomyelia/complications , Syringomyelia/diagnosis , Review Literature as Topic , Nervous System Malformations/complications , Nervous System Malformations/pathology , Nervous System Malformations/epidemiology , Nervous System Malformations/diagnostic imaging
3.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 41(2): 120-123, nov. 2015. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869732

ABSTRACT

Describimos el caso de una paciente femenina de 5 años de edad, con antecedente de fractura craneal asociado a trauma directo en su segundo día de vida, posteriormente se diagnostica quistes porencefálico y aracnoideo frontoparietal izquierdo a los 3 meses de edad. Fue tratada en un primer momento con la colocación de sistema derivativo cistoperitoneal, y se le realizaron estudios de imágenes de seguimiento. A los 5 años de edad es traída a consulta de nuestro servicio de neurocirugía, por presentar deformidad calvarial en la superficie frontoparietal izquierda. El seguimiento con tomografía de cráneo demostró un cese relativo en la progresión en las dimensiones del quiste porencefálico y aumento del espacio entre los bordes óseos de la fractura. La paciente fue llevada a mesa operatoria, en la cual se realizó un abordaje hemicoronal izquierdo con resección de tejido gliótico, duroplastia con pericráneo y colocación de craneoplastía con tejido óseo craneal autólogo. El seguimiento al mes de la intervención correctiva mostró evolución satisfactoria y sin complicaciones. La cirugía correctiva de la fractura evolutiva, debe realizarse en el momento del diagnóstico para evitar su expansión. En concordancia con la teoría de Moss, se observa aumento del espacio entre los bordes de la fractura, aún con la disminución de la presión intracraneal al derivar el líquido cefalorraquídeo. En este caso, la intervención correctiva de la fractura, determinó una evolución satisfactoria, en ausencia de hidrocefalia o crisis convulsiva, posiblemente debida a la presión disminuida del quiste porencefálico sobre el parénquima subyacente.


We describe the case of a female patient of five years old, with a history of a skull fracture associated with direct trauma on his second day of life, then porencephalic left frontoparietal arachnoid cysts was diagnosed at 3 months of age. She was iniatially treated by plaing cystoeritoneal derivative system and follow-up imaging studies was performed. At 5 years of age is brought to clinic in our departmen of neurosurgery, for presenting calvarial deformity in the left frontoparietal area. The follow-p scan of the head showed a cease progression relative dimensions porencephalic cyst an increased space between the bone edges of the fracture. The patient was transferred to operating table, on which a hemicoronal left gliotico approach with resection of tissue was performed with dural graft placement craneoplasty bone tissue. Monitoring the month showed satisfactory corrective intervention and hassle evolution was performed with dural graft placement craneoplasty scalp and skull with autologous bone tissue. Corrective surgery of evolutionary fracture should be performed at the time of diagnosis to prevent its expansion. In agreement with the Moss theory, increasing the space between the edges of the fracture even with decreasing intracranial pressure deriving the cerebrospinal fluid was observed. In this case corrective intervention of the fracture produced a satisfactory outcome in the absence of hydrocephalus or seizure, possibly due to decreased pressure of porencephalic cyst on the underlying parenchyma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Arachnoid Cysts , Craniotomy/methods , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/methods , Dura Mater/surgery , Dura Mater/injuries , Skull Fractures/surgery , Skull Fractures/complications , Arachnoid Cysts/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
4.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 27(4): 136-139, dic. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-982817

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la osteopetrosis es una rara enfermedad de origen genético, causada por una disminución en la resorción del tejido óseo, pudiendo ser autosómica dominante (benigna) o autosómica recesiva (maligna). Por su afectación craneal puede causar un severo compromiso neurológico (ceguera, parálisis facial, hipoacusia, hipertensión intracraneal, entre otros). El tratamiento incluye el uso de Interferon gamma, el transplante de médula ósea y la cirugía.Descripción del caso: presentamos una paciente de 32 años con osteopetrosis de tipo autonómico dominante asociada a malformación de Chiari I. La misma presentaba cefalea, síndrome cerebeloso, cuadriparesia, disartria, hipoacusia e hipertensión arterial, con edema de papila bilateral. Se realizó una cirugía de descompresión suboccipital, con laminectomía de C1 y duroplastia. Resultados: la paciente tuvo una franca mejoría, la cual mantiene tras 5 años de seguimiento. Continúa tatamiento con Interferon Gamma, Calcitriol y Carbamacepina.


Introduction: osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disease, caused by a decrease in bone resorption. It may be autosomal dominant (benign) or autosomal recessive (malignant). Due to cranial involvement it can cause severe neurological deterioration (blindness, facial paralysis, hearing loss, intracranial hypertension). Treatment includes the use of gamma interferon, bone marrow transplantation and surgery. Case Presentation: we present a 32 year old patient with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis type associated with Chiari I Malformation. She had headaches, cerebellar syndrome, quadriparesis, dysarthria, hearing loss and arterial hypertension, with bilateral papilledema. We conducted a suboccipital decompression surgery with C1 laminectomy and duroplasty. Results: the patient had a marked improvement, which remains after 5 years of follow up. She continues treatment with Interferon Gamma, Calcitriol and Carbamazepine.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Arnold-Chiari Malformation , Osteopetrosis
5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 69(2a): 217-220, Apr. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-583776

ABSTRACT

Dural substitutes are used to achieve watertight closure of the dura mater when adequate closure is not possible. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new collagen matrix dural substitute (Duradry, Technodry, Belo Horizonte MG) in the repair or expansion of cranial and spinal dura mater. METHOD: Thirty patients, operated on between March and September, 2008, were studied. Surgical records were reviewed for sex, age, location of graft, technique, and presence of fistula or infection. The patients were followed up for at least 3 months, and presence of complications, such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage, infection, asseptic meningitis hydrocephalus, pseudomeningocele, was analyzed. RESULTS: Only one patient presented cerebrospinal fluid fistula. No patients presented wound infections, hydrocephalus, pseudomenigocele, meningites, brain abscesses or signs of toxicity related to the dural substitute. CONCLUSION: The new dural substitute used in this study is effective and safe, and the initial results are similar to those of other dural substitutes reported in the literature.


Substitutos de dura máter são utilizados quando não conseguimos um fechamento dural hermético. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia e segurança de um novo substituto dural derivado de matriz colágena bovina (Duradry, Tecnodry, Belo Horizonte MG) no reparo ou expansão da dura máter craniana ou espinhal. MÉTODO: Trinta pacientes operados entre março e setembro de 2008 foram estudados. Foram analisados sexo, idade, localização do enxerto, técnica e presença de fístula ou infecção. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por, pelo menos, 3 meses e a presença de complicações como fístula liquórica, infecção, meningite asséptica, hidrocefalia, pseudomeningocele foram analisadas. RESULTADOS: Apenas um paciente apresentou fístula liquórica. Nenhuma infecção de ferida cirúrgica foi observada. Também não ocorreram casos de hidrocefalia, pseudomeningocele, meningite, abscesso ou sinais de toxicidade relacionada ao implante. CONCLUSÃO: O novo substituto dural utilizado neste estudo é seguro e efetivo e os resultados iniciais são semelhantes aos de outros substitutos durais descritos na literatura.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Cattle , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Biocompatible Materials/therapeutic use , Collagen/therapeutic use , Dura Mater/surgery , Craniotomy/methods , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment Outcome
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 68(4): 623-626, Aug. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-555246

ABSTRACT

The best surgical treatment for Chiari malformation is unclear, especially in patients with syringomyelia. We reviewed the records of 16 patients who underwent suboccipital craniectomy at our institution between 2005 and 2008. Of the six patients who did not undergo duraplasty, four showed improvement postoperatively. Two patients without syringomyelia showed improvement postoperatively. Of the four patients with syringomyelia, three showed improvement, including two with a decrease in the cavity size. One patient showed improvement in symptoms but the syringomyelia was unchanged. The cavity size increased in the one patient who did not show improvement. Among the 10 patients who underwent duraplasty, improvements were noted in four of the five patients without syringomyelia and in all of the five with syringomyelia. There is a suggestion that patients with syringomyelia may have a higher likelihood of improvement after undergoing duraplasty.


A melhor opção de tratamento cirúrgico na malformação de Chiari é desconhecido, especialmente em paciente com siringomielia. Nós revisamos casos de 16 pacientes submetidos à craniectomia suboccipital em nossa instituição de 2005 à 2008. Dos 6 pacientes que não foram submetidos à duroplastia, quatro tiveram melhora pós operatória. Dois pacientes sem siringomielia tiveram melhora pós operatória. Dos quatro pacientes com siringomielia, três tiveram melhora, incluindo dois com diminuição do tamanho da cavidade. Um paciente teve melhora da sintomatologia mas a siringomielia não se modificou. Dez pacientes foram submetidos à duroplastia. Melhora foi observada em 4 de 5 pacientes sem siringomielia e 5 de 5 casos com siringomielia. Há uma sugestão de que pacientes com siringomielia possam ter uma maior taxa de melhora após serem submetidos à duroplastia.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/surgery , Craniotomy/methods , Dura Mater/surgery , Syringomyelia/surgery , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/complications , Retrospective Studies , Syringomyelia/complications , Treatment Outcome
7.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 23(3): 109-115, jul.-sept. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-560011

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Describir y analizar una serie de pacientes operados en nuestro servicio por diferentes patologías, en los cuales se utilizó pericardio de donante no vivo para la realización de la duroplastía, obtenido del Banco de Tejidos de nuestro Hospital. Material y método. Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de las historias clínicas de 33 pacientes en los cuales se utilizó pericardio humano, operados entre los años 2006 y 2008. Resultados. La edad de los pacientes fue entre 1 mes y 19 años (promedio: 6,6 años). 17 masculinos, 16 femeninos. Las cirugías en las cuales se utilizó, por diferentes motivos, pericardio humano para el cierre de la duramadre fueron: 7 cirugías por tumores de fosa posterior, 6 por tumores supratentoriales, 5 por traumatismos encefalocraneanos, 3 por malformación de Arnold-Chiari, 3 por hematomas espontáneos, 2 por malformaciones arteriovenosas, 2 por lipomas lumbosacros, 2 por encefaloceles, 1 por cirugía de la epilepsia, 1 por tumor espinal, y 1 por tumor de tronco. Las complicaciones encontradas fueron: 2 pseudomeningoceles y 1 fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo, las que se resolvieron sin necesidad de nueva intervención quirúrgica. No se presentaron infecciones de la herida quirúrgica ni rechazo del injerto. Follow up: 18,6 meses. Conclusión. Consideramos que este material se comporta en forma excelente como sustituto de la duramadre, presentando ventajas tales como: ser impermeable, fácil de suturar y manejar, proporcionando un sellado hermético, baja antigenicidad y no inducir reacciones a cuerpo extraño.


Objective. To describe and to analyze a series of patients operated in our service by different pathologies, in which we used pericardium of alive donor for dural closure, stored at 80°Cbelow cero in our hospital. Method. A retrospective analysis was designed to evaluate the medical records of 33 patients in which human pericardiumwere used, in a period of time between 2006 and 2008. Results. The age of the patients ranged from 1 month to 19years old (average age: 6.6). 17 were male and 16 female. The surgeries in which we used, by different reasons, human pericardium for dural closure were: 7 posterior fossa tumors, 6supratentorial tumors, 5 traumatic brain injury (intracranial hypertension), 3 Arnold-Chiari malformations, 3 spontaneous haematomas, 2 arterio-venous malformations, 2 lumbo-sacrallipomas, 2 encephaloceles, 1 surgery for epilepsy, 1 spinal cord tumor, and 1 brainstem tumor. The complications found were: 2 pseudomeningoceles and 1 CSF fistula. There were no systemicallergic reactions or local skin changes or infections. Follow up: 18.6 months.Conclusion. We considered that human pericardium is an excellent, effective and safe cranial and spinal dural substitute, presenting advantages such as: to be impermeable, easy tosuture and to handle, providing hermetic sealing, low antigenicidadand not to induce reactions to strange body.


Subject(s)
Neurosurgery , Pericardium , Tissue Banks
8.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 30: 46-49, jan. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-585713

ABSTRACT

La craniectomía decompresiva es una terapéutica quirúrgica utilizada en los pacientes que presenta hipertensión endocraneana refractaria al tratamiento médico. Pueden hacerse decompresivas uni o bihemisféricas, de acuerdo al patrón lesional del paciente en cuestión. La forma de realizar la duroplastia, debe ser sencilla y reglada, de forma que permita ahorrar tiempo y optimizar el uso del material biológico utilizado par la misma. En la literatura sobre craniectomías decompresivas, en general no se hace referencia a la forma de cierre dural. En la siguiente nota técnica, se describe una forma sencilla de realizar la duroplastia con periostio en la decompresiva bifrontal. Primero: luego del abordaje bicoronal en piel se corta el periostio en la línea media realizando dos colgajos simétricos con base en región temporal y reborde orbitario (RO). Segundo: craniectomía amplia con decompresión temporal. Tercero: se abre la duramadre desde temporal a la línea media (LM) y a 2 cms de llegar a ella, la incisión se hace paralela a la LM hasta alcanzar el RO. Se hacen dos incisiones de descarga, una a nivel del RO y otra donde se unen el trazo vertical y horizontal de la incisión. Cuarto: se labran dos colgajos de periostio a cada lado de la línea media, uno se sutura hacia la LM y otro hacia el sector posterior de la apertura dural. Con esta técnica sencilla se logra una buena relajación dural y excelente aprovechamiento del periostio.


Decompresive craniectomy is an accepted surgical technique for refractory intracranial hypertension. According to the lesional pattern of the patient, bifrontal or unihemispheric decompression can be made. Dural augmentation is a very important step of the surgery, so it must be done in a standard fashion in order to minimize surgical time and economize the perisoteum. In this technical note, the author describe a simple technique of dural augmentation in bifrontal craniectomy. First: after skin is reflected frontaly, two simetrical flaps of periosteum are made by cutting it at midline and reflecting it to the frontal region. Second: two bone flap are removed with decompression of the temporal region and orbital rim. Third: duramater is opened by two incisions, one parallel to midline and other following the posterior border of craniectomy. Two small incisions are made: one in the point were the two major incision founds, and the second parallel to the orbital rim. Fourth: two longitudinal periosteal flaps are made. The first is sutured parallel to midline, the second is located in the postero-inferior part of the dural opening. With this simple technique, a dural augmentation is obtained with the available periosteum.


Subject(s)
Humans , Craniotomy , Decompression, Surgical , Dura Mater/surgery , Intracranial Hypertension
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