Automated extraction of information from free text of Spanish oncology pathology reports

Background: Pathology reports are stored as unstructured, ungrammatical, fragmented, and abbreviated free text with linguistic variability among pathologists. For this reason, tumor information extraction requires a significant human effort. Recording data in an efficient and high-quality format is essential in implementing and establishing a hospital-based-cancer registry Objective: This study aimed to describe implementing a natural language processing algorithm for oncology pathology reports. Methods: An algorithm was developed to process oncology pathology reports in Spanish to extract 20 medical descriptors. The approach is based on the successive coincidence of regular expressions. Results: The validation was performed with 140 pathological reports. The topography identification was performed manually by humans and the algorithm in all reports. The human identified morphology in 138 reports and by the algorithm in 137. The average fuzzy matching score was 68.3 for Topography and 89.5 for Morphology. Conclusions: A preliminary algorithm validation against human extraction was performed over a small set of reports with satisfactory results. This shows that a regular-expression approach can accurately and precisely extract multiple specimen attributes from free-text Spanish pathology reports. Additionally, we developed a website to facilitate collaborative validation at a larger scale which may be helpful for future research on the subject.

Introducción: Los reportes de patología están almacenados como texto libre sin estructura, gramática, fragmentados o abreviados, con variabilidad lingüística entre patólogos. Por esta razón, la extracción de información de tumores requiere un esfuerzo humano significativo. Almacenar información en un formato eficiente y de alta calidad es esencial para implementar y establecer un registro hospitalario de cáncer. Objetivo: Este estudio busca describir la implementación de un algoritmo de Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural para reportes de patología oncológica. Métodos: Desarrollamos un algoritmo para procesar reportes de patología oncológica en Español, con el objetivo de extraer 20 descriptores médicos. El abordaje se basa en la coincidencia sucesiva de expresiones regulares. Resultados: La validación se hizo con 140 reportes de patología. La identificación topográfica se realizó por humanos y por el algoritmo en todos los reportes. La morfología fue identificada por humanos en 138 reportes y por el algoritmo en 137. El valor de coincidencias parciales (fuzzy matches) promedio fue de 68.3 para Topografía y 89.5 para Morfología. Conclusiones: Se hizo una validación preliminar del algoritmo contra extracción humana sobre un pequeño grupo de reportes, con resultados satisfactorios. Esto muestra que múltiples atributos del espécimen pueden ser extraídos de manera precisa de texto libre de reportes de patología en Español, usando un abordaje de expresiones regulares. Adicionalmente, desarrollamos una página web para facilitar la validación colaborativa a gran escala, lo que puede ser beneficioso para futuras investigaciones en el tema.

Trocas afetivas mãe-bebê e metas de socialização emocional / Affective exchanges and maternal goals of socialization of emotions

Trocas afetivas favorecem o desenvolvimento inicial e podem ser impactas por metas maternas. Esse estudo investigou trocas e tentativas de trocas afetivas, metas maternas de socialização emocional e associações entre esses domínios. Foram filmadas observações de 20 mães primíparas e bebês (dois/três meses) do Rio de Janeiro e as mães foram entrevistadas. Realizou-se análise de vídeo, de conteúdo, e os resultados indicaram, em média, 5,5 trocas e 13,8 tentativas por díade, e 2,38 turnos por troca. A mãe promoveu maior frequência de trocas afetivas (90%) e tentativas de trocas afetivas (99%), pela fala. Nas trocas, o sorriso do bebê foi a expressão emocional predominante, e dos comportamentos afetivos maternos, a fala. Análise das entrevistas indicou valorização de metas de autonomia, prezando relações de proximidade, sem serem encontradas associações entre metas maternas e características das trocas analisadas. Porém, o estudo mostrou haver certa complexidade nas trocas afetivas mãe-bebê no momento do desenvolvimento e contexto estudados, com participação ativa do bebê. Propõe-se manter a hipótese de que as metas maternas impactam a expressividade dos bebês nas trocas, suscitando novos estudos. Investigações longitudinais e transversais com mais de uma visita e maior amostra são sugeridas, explorando variáveis sociodemográficas diversas.

Affective exchanges favor early development and can be impacted by maternal goals. This study has investigated exchanges and attempts at affective exchanges, maternal emotional socialization goals, and associations among these domains. Observations of 20 mothers and babies (2/3-months-old) in Rio de Janeiro have been filmed and the mothers have been interviewed. Video and content analyses have been performed and results indicated, on average, 5.5 changes and 13.8 attempts per dyad, and 2.38 shifts per change. Mother has been the one who has most frequently promoted affective exchanges (90%) and attempts at exchanges (99%), by means of speech. In the exchanges, the baby's smile has been the predominant emotional expression, and among the maternal affective behaviors, speech. Analysis of interviews has indicated valuing autonomy goals, valuing close relationships, without associations between maternal goals and characteristics of the analyzed exchanges. However, the study showed that there is a certain complexity in mother-baby affective exchanges at the time of development and context studied, with active baby participation. It's proposed to maintain the hypothesis that maternal goals impact babies' expressiveness in exchanges, prompting further studies. Longitudinal and cross-sectional investigations with more than one visit and a larger sample are suggested, exploring different sociodemographic variables.

Será possível ensinar crianças para reconhecer melhor expressões faciais emocionais? A experiência da intervenção caçadores de emoções / Can we teach children to recognize emotional facial expressions? The experience of the emotion hunters intervention / ¿Será posible capacitar a los niños para que reconozcan mejor las expresiones faciales emocionales? La experiencia de la intervención buscadores de emociones

Treinar o reconhecimento de expressões faciais emocionais (REFE) pode auxiliar no incremento de outras habilidades socioemocionais, como teoria da mente (ToM). O objetivo foi desenvolver um treinamento de REFE para crianças e avaliar seus efeitos na acurácia desta habilidade e ToM. Participaram 61 crianças de 8 a 12 anos, alocadas aleatoriamente entre grupo intervenção (n = 32) e controle (n = 29), realizando tarefas pré e pós-intervenção de REFE e ToM (RMET-I). O grupo intervenção realizou o treinamento de REFE denominado Caçadores de Emoção. Todos os participantes aumentaram acurácia do reconhecimento de medo e nojo e reduziram da tristeza. Houve melhora em ambos os grupos na avaliação da ToM. Especificidades das tarefas utilizadas e do treinamento são apresentadas na discussão.

Training emotional facial expression recognition (EFER) can enhance other socio-emotional skills, such as the theory of mind (ToM). This study aimed develop an intervention for EFER for children and assess its effects on the accuracy of EFER and ToM. 61children aged eight to 12 years, randomly allocated between intervention (n = 32) and control group (n = 29), performed pre- and post-intervention tasks of EFER and ToM (RMET-I). The intervention group performed the REFE training named Hunters of Emotion. All participants increased the accuracy of recognizing the faces of fear and disgust and reduced of sadness. Finally, there was an improvement in both groups in the ToM assessment. Specificities of the tasks used and the training are presented in the discussion.

Entrenar el reconocimiento de expresiones faciales emocionales (REFE) puede ayudar a aumentar otras habilidades socioemocionales, como la teoría de la mente (ToM). El objetivo era desarrollar un entrenamiento REFE para niños y evaluar sus efectos sobre la precisión de REFE y ToM. Participaron 61 niños de 8 a 12 años, asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo de intervención (n = 32) y de control (n = 29), realizaron tareas de REFE y ToM (RMET-I) pré y posterior a la intervención. El grupo de intervención realizó el entrenamiento REFE denominado Buscadores de Emociones. Todos los participantes aumentaron la precisión para reconocer el miedo y el disgusto y redujeron la tristeza. Hubo una mejora en ambos grupos en la evaluación de ToM. Los detalles de las tareas utilizadas y el entrenamiento se presentan en la discusión.

Progress and future challenges in gene vectors, gene therapy systems and gene expressions

Genetic engineering has made sizeable contributions to technical innovation, agriculture, and the development of pharmaceuticals. Various approaches were evolved to control the genetic cloth of cells using both viral and nonviral vector architectures. Gene therapy aims to reverse pathological traits with the aid of the use of viral and nonviral gene shipping mechanisms. Gene transfer motors have made massive strides in becoming more environmentally pleasant, much less risky, and nonimmunogenic, as well as making an allowance for lengthy-time period transgene expression. One of the most tough components of correctly enforcing gene healing treatments in the clinical putting is adjusting gene expression extremely tightly and constantly as and while it's required. This research work will cognizance on using viral vectors for gene concentrated on biological applications with various gene expressions. Due to improvements in viral vector engineering and superior gene regulatory systems to permit and adjust tightly therapeutic gene expression, the technology for using genes to offer a preferred treatment has confirmed to be an effective approach

Satellite cell activation and signaling pathway response in joint exercise athletes / Ativação de células satélites e resposta na via de sinalização nos exercícios articulares dos atletas / Activación de las células satélite y respuesta de la vía de señalización en los ejercicios articulares de los atletas

ABSTRACT Introduction: Skeletal muscle satellite cells are considered the unique source of stem cells for myogenic differentiation of adult skeletal muscle cells. Upon stimulation, the skeletal muscle satellite cell can be activated through specific signaling pathways, proliferate and differentiate into a muscle cell. An analysis of the effects of key signaling pathways could provide the basis for an in-depth study of skeletal muscle formation in athletes and muscle development. Objective: This paper analyzes the effects of key signaling pathways on skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. Methods: We divided 32 athletes into four groups: control, stretching, experimental, and mixed groups. The control group received no training at all, the stretching group and the experimental group received stretching training on the right gastrocnemius. The mixed group also got weight climbing training in the stretching training, initial load 30% of the athlete's weight, increasing 25% each week until 100% of body weight, at the frequency of 3 times a week. After training, gene expression of live satellite cells was measured by intramuscular signaling. Results: The FGM level of the antagonistic group (3.56±0.21) was higher than in the control group (3.25±0.18). The gene expression of HGF mRNA was higher in the mixed group (2.16±0.24) followed by the antagonistic group (2.02±0.15), the stretching group (1.81±0.25), and the control group (1.03±0.06). Conclusion: Both stretching and antagonistic training can increase gene expression in signaling pathways. Antagonistic training significantly increased the expression of HGF, MGF, and mRNA. This activity can promote muscle bulking and skeletal muscle enlargements. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.

RESUMO Introdução: As células satélites musculares esqueléticas são consideradas a única fonte de células-tronco para a diferenciação miogênica das células musculares esqueléticas adultas. Após a estimulação, a célula satélite muscular esquelética pode ser ativada através de vias de sinalização específicas, proliferar e diferenciar-se em célula muscular. Uma análise sobre os efeitos das principais vias de sinalização poderia estabelecer as bases para um estudo aprofundado da formação muscular esquelética nos atletas e do desenvolvimento muscular. Objetivo: Este artigo analisa os efeitos das principais vias de sinal na proliferação e diferenciação das células satélites musculares esqueléticas. Métodos: Dividimos 32 atletas em quatro grupos. Grupos controle, alongamento, experimental e grupo misto. O grupo controle não recebeu treinamento algum, o grupo de alongamento e o grupo experimental receberam treinamento de alongamento no gastrocnêmio direito. O grupo misto também obteve treinamento de escalada com peso no treino de alongamento, carga inicial de 30% do peso do atleta, aumentando 25% em cada semana até 100% do peso corporal. Na frequência de 3 vezes por semana. Após os treinos, a expressão genética das células satélites vivas foi medida por intermédio da sinalização proveniente de coleta intramuscular. Resultados: O nível de MGF do grupo antagônico (3.56±0.21) foi maior que no grupo controle (3.25±0.18). A expressão gênica do mRNA HGF foi maior no grupo misto (2.16±0.24) seguido pelo antagônico (2.02±0.15), o grupo de alongamento (1.81±0.25) e o grupo controle (1.03±0.06) Conclusão: Tanto o treinamento de alongamento quanto o treinamento antagônico podem aumentar a expressão genética nas vias de sinalização. O treinamento antagônico aumentou significativamente a expressão de HGF, MGF e mRNA. Essa atividade pode promover volume e hipertrofia muscular. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las células satélite del músculo esquelético se consideran la única fuente de células madre para la diferenciación miogénica de las células musculares esqueléticas adultas. Tras la estimulación, la célula satélite del músculo esquelético puede activarse a través de vías de señalización específicas, proliferar y diferenciarse en una célula muscular. Un análisis sobre los efectos de las vías de señalización clave podría sentar las bases para un estudio en profundidad de la formación del músculo esquelético en los atletas y del desarrollo muscular. Objetivo: Este trabajo examina los efectos de las vías de señalización clave en la proliferación y diferenciación de las células satélite del músculo esquelético. Métodos: Dividimos a 32 atletas en cuatro grupos. Grupos de control, de estiramiento, experimentales y mixtos. El grupo de control no recibió ningún entrenamiento, el grupo de estiramiento y el grupo experimental recibieron un entrenamiento de estiramiento en el gastrocnemio derecho. El grupo mixto también recibió entrenamiento de escalada con pesas en el entrenamiento de estiramiento, con una carga inicial del 30% del peso del atleta, aumentando un 25% cada semana hasta el 100% del peso corporal. Con una frecuencia de 3 veces por semana. Tras el entrenamiento, se midió la expresión génica de las células satélite vivas mediante la señalización de la recogida intramuscular. Resultados: El nivel de FGM del grupo antagonista (3,56±0,21) fue mayor que en el grupo de control (3,25±0,18). La expresión génica del ARNm del HGF fue mayor en el grupo mixto (2,16±0,24), seguido del grupo antagonista (2,02±0,15), el grupo de estiramiento (1,81±0,25) y el grupo de control (1,03±0,06) Conclusión: Tanto el entrenamiento de estiramiento como el antagonista pueden aumentar la expresión génica en las vías de señalización. El entrenamiento antagónico aumentó significativamente la expresión de HGF, MGF y mRNA. Esta actividad puede promover el aumento de volumen muscular y la hipertrofia. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Expresiones del engagement en el programa peruano de vacunación contra SARS-CoV-2 / Expressions of engagement in the Peruvian vaccination program against SARS-CoV-2

La investigación estuvo enfocada en el estudio de las expresiones emergentes del engagement en el programa peruano de vacunación COVID-19. Es de tipo descriptiva, transversal y con combinación de aspectos cuantitativos y cualitativos, en sus dimensiones vigor, dedicación y absorción, medidos a través de una adaptación del cuestionario Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, validado por expertos y con una muy alta confiabilidad (0,903), realizada entre los meses de febrero a mayo de 2021, en las localidades de Huancayo y Lima. Las expresiones emergentes nacen del conocimiento adquirido de las acciones realizadas y los factores motivacionales que condujeron al desarrollo de un accionar que va más allá de lo que el ministerio pudo haber solicitado de sus trabajadores, quienes a pesar de poner en riesgo constante su salud y su vida, por ser la primera línea de contención en defensa de la enfermedad, contribuyen enormemente con la población del Perú, logrando en la actualidad un 87,3% de total aplicación de los esquemas de vacunación indicados por las autoridades sanitarias en sus pobladores, aunque ello conlleva a largas jornadas de trabajo, sin límites de horas, pero imprimiéndole altos niveles de energía, así como deseo de invertir esfuerzos en el desarrollo de la labor con una amplia resistencia mental, gran implicación al compromiso laboral y sentido de significación ante la acción realizada, lo que finalmente genera en el individuo un estado positivo en los aspectos emocional, cognitivo, afectivo, social e integral del trabajador del sistema peruano de salud(AU)

The research was focused on the study of the emerging expressions of engagement in the Peruvian COVID-19 vaccination program. It is descriptive, cross-sectional and with a combination of quantitative and qualitative aspects, in its vigor, dedication and absorption dimensions, measured through an adaptation of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale questionnaire, validated by experts and with a very high reliability (0.903), carried out between the months of February to May 2021, in Huancayo and Lima towns. The emerging expressions are born from the knowledge acquired from the actions carried out and the motivational factors that led to the development of actions that go beyond what the ministry could have requested of its workers, who despite constantly putting their health and safety at risk life, for being the first line of containment in defense of the disease, contribute enormously to the population of Peru, currently achieving 87.3% of total application of the vaccination schemes indicated by the health authorities in its inhabitants, although this leads to long working hours, with no limits on hours, but imprinting high levels of energy, as well as the desire to invest efforts in the development of the work with a broad mental resistance, great involvement in work commitment and a sense of significance in the face of action carried out, which finally generates in the individual a positive state in the emotional, cognitive, affective, social and integral of the worker of the peruvian health system(AU)

Falar sorrindo: Um Estudo Comparativo da Frequência de Exibição do Sorriso em Homens e Mulheres / Talking Smiling: A Comparative Study of Smile Display in Men and Women / Hablar Sonriendo: Un Estudio Comparativo de la Frecuencia de Exhibición de la Sonrisa entre Hombres y Mujeres

Considerado uma das expressões faciais mais complexas, o sorriso é produto da manifestação de diversos estados emocionais e apresenta diferenças sexuais significativas. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a frequência do sorriso entre homens e mulheres durante a fala, com base na observação dinâmica da exibição da arcada dentária superior. A amostra foi composta por 88 participantes (41 homens e 47 mulheres), que foram convidados a descrever imagens previamente selecionadas, sendo filmados durante esse procedimento. A partir das gravações obtidas, foi realizada a aferição da frequência de exibição das arcadas dentárias superiores em recurso de câmera lenta (4.0x slow) e a comparação por meio do Test t de Student. Os resultados apontam frequência média maior entre as mulheres (M=23; DP=8,22), em comparação aos homens (M=12; DP=6,76), com diferença estatisticamente significativa (t = 6,44; p<0,0001). Não foi possível definir os determinantes que promoveram tais resultados. No entanto, são explanados fatores evolutivos, cognitivos e socioculturais que contribuem para uma compreensão mais abrangente dessa expressão facial. (AU)

Regarded as one of the most complex facial expressions, the smile is the product of several emotional manifestations and presents relevant sexual differences. This study aimed to compare the frequency of smile between men and women during speech, based on the dynamic observation of the display of the upper dental arch. The sample consisted of 88 participants (41 men and 47 women), who were invited to describe selected images, being filmed during the procedure. From the recordings, the frequency of display of the upper dental arches was measured using a slow motion (4.0x slow) feature and compared using Student's t-test. The results show a higher frequency among women (M = 23; SD = 8.22), compared to men (M = 12; SD = 6.76), with a statistically significant difference (t = 6.44; p <0 , 0001). It was not possible to define the determinants that promoted these results. However, evolutionary, cognitive and sociocultural factors that contribute to a more important understanding of this facial expression are explained. (AU)

Considerada una de las expresiones faciales más complejas, la sonrisa es producto de la manifestación de varios estados emocionales y presenta diferencias sexuales. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la frecuencia de la sonrisa entre hombres y mujeres durante el habla, en base a la observación de la visualización del arco dental superior. La muestra consistió en 88 participantes (41 hombres y 47 mujeres), que fueron invitados a describir imágenes seleccionadas, filmadas durante este procedimiento. A partir de las grabaciones realizadas, la frecuencia de visualización de los arcos dentales superiores se midió usando la función de cámara lenta (4.0x slow) y una comparación entre géneros usando la Prueba de Estudiante. Los resultados muestran la frecuencia promedio más alta entre las mujeres (M = 23; SD = 8.22), en comparación con los hombres (M = 12; SD = 6.76), con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (t = 6.44; p <0,0001). No fue posible definir los determinantes que promovieron tales resultados. Sin embargo, se explican los factores evolutivos, cognitivos y socioculturales que contribuyen a una comprensión más integral de esta expresión facial. (AU)

Working memory capacity for faces with different levels of emotional valence / Capacidade da memória de trabalho para faces de diferentes valências emocionais / Capacidad de la memoria de trabajo para rostros con diferentes niveles de valencia emocional

The capacity of visual working memory (VWM) depends on the complexity of the stimuli being processed. Emotional characteristics increase stimulus complexity and can interfere with the competition for cognitive resources. Studies involving emotional information processing are scarce and still produce contradicting results. In the present study, we investigated the capacity of VWM for faces with positive, negative, and neutral expressions. A modified change-detection task was used in two experiments, in which the number of faces and the emotional valence were manipulated. The results showed that VWM has a storage capacity of approximately two faces, which is fewer than the storage capacity identified for simpler stimuli. Our results reinforce the evidence that working memory can dynamically distribute its storage resources depending on both the amount and the emotional nature of the stimuli. (AU)

A capacidade da Memória Visual de Trabalho (MTV) depende da complexidade dos estímulos que estão sendo processados. As características emocionais aumentam a complexidade do estímulo e podem interferir na competição por recursos cognitivos. Estudos envolvendo processamento de informações emocionais são escassos e ainda produzem resultados contraditórios. No presente estudo, investiga-se a capacidade da MTV para faces com expressões positivas, negativas e neutras. Uma tarefa modificada de detecção de mudança foi usada em dois experimentos, nos quais o número de faces e a valência emocional foram manipulados. Os resultados mostraram que a MTV tem uma capacidade de armazenamento de aproximadamente duas faces, menor que a capacidade de armazenamento identificada para estímulos mais simples. Os resultados reforçam as evidências de que a memória de trabalho consegue distribuir dinamicamente seus recursos de armazenamento em função tanto da quantidade como da natureza emocional dos estímulos. (AU

La capacidad de la memoria de trabajo visual (MTV) puede variar dependiendo de la complejidad de los estímulos procesados. Las características emocionales aumentan la complejidad del estímulo y pueden interferir con la competencia por los recursos cognitivos. Los estudios que relacionan el procesamiento de informaciones emocionales son todavía escasos y aún producen resultados contradictorios. En el presente estudio, investigamos la capacidad de la MTV de rostros con valencia emocional positiva, negativa y neutra. Se utilizó una tarea de detección de cambios modificada en dos experimentos, en los que se manipuló la cantidad de rostros y niveles de valencia emocional. Nuestros resultados refuerzan la evidencia de que la memoria de trabajo es capaz de distribuir dinámicamente sus recursos de almacenamiento dependiendo tanto de la cantidad, como de la naturaleza emocional de los estímulos. (AU)

Criação e autoria nas culturas tradicionais desde a Teoria Histórico-Cultural / Creation and authorship in the traditional cultures from Historical-Cultural Theory

As expressões culturais tradicionais sofrem constante subalternização a partir da organização eurocêntrica e colonial, que as deslegitima em seus saberes, cosmologias e modos de ser e viver. O não enquadramento na noção hegemônica de autoria individual nas normas de propriedade intelectual e direitos autorais é uma das formas com que esta subalternização acontece. O entendimento hegemônico de criação é pautado pela ideia moderna de indivíduo. Entretanto, os processos de criação nas expressões culturais tradicionais são coletivos e coincidem com seus processos educativos. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor, a partir da teoria histórico-cultural de Vigotski, um outro olhar para os processos de criação, sob a perspectiva de que pessoa e meio social formam uma unidade indivisível. O texto apresentado é parte de tese de doutorado em educação, de caráter teórico, e concentra suas discussões nas assimetrias entre a autoria individual e o caráter coletivo do ato criador. Conclui-se que não basta a revisão dos mecanismos legais de proteção autoral, mas é necessária uma inversão na lógica hegemônica que embasa tais instrumentos. Propõe-se como caminho um outro entendimento de criação e educação, que reconheça a expressão autêntica das pessoas detentoras de expressões culturais tradicionais.(AU)

The traditional cultural expressions are constantly subalternized by the colonialism and eurocentrism, that delegitimizes their knowledges, cosmologies and ways of being and living. One of this subalternizing practices is the impossibility of claiming intellectual property rights and copyrights, once these laws are based on the hegemonic idea of individual authorship. The hegemonic understanding of creation comes from the modern idea of individual. The objective of this paper is to propose, through the cultural-historical theory of Vigotski, a different approach of the creation process, outlining the perspective that a person and the social medium are an indivisible unity. The paper is a fragment of a theoretical doctoral thesis in Education, and focuses the discussion on the asymmetries between the individual authorship and the collective aspect of the creation act. It concludes that the review of laws is not enough, but there's the necessity of inverting the logic of the hegemonic paradigm. The text proposes another way to understand creation and education, one that recognizes the authentic expression of the traditional cultural expression's holders.(AU)

A Preliminary Investigation Of Htr1a Gene Expression Levels In Autism Spectrum Disorders

Objective: This study was conducted to explore the expression levels of HTR1A gene in a sample of Egyptian autistic children. Methods: Thirty autistic patients (18 boys, 12 girls) and 20 controls were enrolled in the study. From each child, we isolated RNA samples from whole blood. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the gene expressions of HTR1A and normalized to the house keeping gene, beta-actin. Results: The HTR1A gene expression of healthy controls and ASD subjects were varied significantly (p =0.0062). As compared to control healthy subjects, the HTR1A expressions were greatly reduced in samples of ASD. Conclusion: HTR1A gene expression level is a candidate gene for further studies to explore its potential roles in ASD related pathways.

Comparative analysis of biochemical parameters and gene expressions of novel markers in type II Diabetes mellitus

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Early detection of the disease and treatment of this chronic complication which would reduce the medical and economic burden. Early detection of kidney injury by evaluating gene expressions of Il-6, Il-10, LDLr, and CD36 in T2DM with pre-ESRD microalbuminuria minimizes the risk of DN. Methods: Present research work conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Navi Mumbai. This study includes 241 subjects (118 male, 123 women, and age ranges 30-70 years) were included after screening for T2DM by measurement of blood glucose in fasting, post-prandial, glycosylated haemoglobin. Microalbumin in urine and e-GFR is measured to eliminate patients of ESRD. Subjects were recruited after written consent and enrolled as per inclusion/exclusion criteria. Categorization of subjects in three study groups; group I (30-45 years), group II (46-70 years) were done on the basis of T2DM duration 3-6 years, glycosylated haemoglobin level (HbA1c) ≥ 7.0% with fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dl) and microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/dl) in study group, equal numbers of healthy volunteers enrolled in control group. Blood samples were processed for other renal parameters and RT-PCR to check expressions of novel genes Results: In study groups all renal, lipids parameters are within normal range except albumin/creatinine ratio (p <0.012), e-GFR (p <0.00) and cholesterol (p <.00). Descriptive analysis showed high significance (p <.00) of delta CT gene expressions, parameters in pre-ESRD microalbuminuria subjects. Conclusion: Screening biochemical renal parameters are not enough to prevent DN even in microalbuminuria. Early detection of gene expressions of novel biomarkers predicts risk of kidney injury. Early intervention may prevent morbidity and mortality of kidney due to diabetic nephropathy.

Prognostic value of the Epstein–Barr virus and tumor suppressor gene p53 gene in nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Aims and Methods: Retrospectively, this paper compared the differences of the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small RNAs (EBERs), protein expression and gene mutations of tumor suppressor gene p53 (TP53) in keratinized nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (KNSCC) and nonKNSCC, and the relationships between pathological features and the prognosis of patients were analyzed. Results: The positive rate of EBERs hybridization and TP53 expressions was 76.3% and 52.2%, respectively, while the mutation rate of TP53 gene was 39.6%. Logistic regression analysis showed direct relationships between the subtypes of nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (NPSCC) and EBERs-positive, or frequent consumption of pickled food. Overall survival rates of patients with positive TP53 expression, the TP53 gene mutations, vascular invasions, organ metastases, lymph node metastasis, and clinical recurrence were significantly lower than those of patients without those symptoms. The poorer prognosis was related to regularly drinking and the advanced age. According to the Cox regression analysis, we found that the main prognostic factors of NPSCC patients were the aging, recurrence, TP53 gene mutations, especially exon 7 or 8 mutations. Conclusions: We concluded that there were the correlations between NPSCC subtypes with EBV infection and frequent intaking of pickled food, while aging, clinical recurrence, and TP53 gene mutations were independent predictors for the poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

The Role of Nursi’s Risale-i Nur in Psychological Wellbeing

@#Introduction: This study analyses the role of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi’s (1877-1960) collection of works called Risale-i Nur from the linguistic and psychological perspectives. Nursi is an influential Muslim scholar and thinker of the late Ottoman and Modern Turkey who has influenced his audience to implement positive actions. Nursi influences his audience through his persuasive discourse which is rich in metaphorical language that gives a positive impact on them. Methods: This metaphorical approach is known in Islamic social science methodology as “tamthil.” However, studies on Nursi’s thoughts and writings that arouse millions of people within and outside Turkey for psychological wellbeing are scarce. Therefore, this study aims to explain how Nursi persuades his audience in the positive direction that leads to psychological wellbeing through spiritual effects. This interdisciplinary study uses a qualitative research method based on an explanatory case study to analyse how Nursi’s audience emerged and developed rapidly through his Risale-i Nur. It is narrowed down to analyse Nursi’s metaphorical linguistic expressions from his conceptualisation of life based on Lakoff and Johnson’s Conceptual Metaphor theory. Nursi’s expressions that induce positive emotions are analysed based on the method of Risale-i Nur from the Quran by inserting Seligman’s positive psychological wellbeing theory. Results: The findings reveal the role of Risale-i Nur in influencing audience spiritually for a psychological wellbeing. Conclusion: This study contributes to the importance of language and persuasion for positive changes and it is expected to benefit speakers, writers and researchers who are analysing similar discourse.

Facial expressions and eye tracking in individuals with social anxiety disorder: a systematic review

Abstract Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by the fear of being judged negatively in social situations. Eye-tracking techniques have been prominent among the methods used in recent decades to investigate emotional processing in SAD. This study offers a systematic review of studies on eye-tracking patterns in individuals with SAD and controls in facial emotion recognition tasks. Thirteen articles were selected from the consulted databases. It was observed that the subjects with SAD exhibited hypervigilance-avoidance in response to emotions, primarily in the case of negative expressions. There was avoidance of conspicuous areas of the face, particularly the eyes, during observations of negative expressions. However, this hypervigilance did not occur if the stimulus was presented in virtual reality. An important limitation of these studies is that they use only static expressions, which can reduce the ecological validity of the results.

Serviço Social no sociojurídico: requisições conservadoras e resistências na defesa de direitos / The Social Service in the social-juridical: conservative requisitions and resistances in the defense of rights

Resumo: Este texto apresenta reflexões sobre requisições conservadoras para os profissionais do Serviço Social no sociojurídico, particularmente no Judiciário, e sinaliza para possibilidades de resistências. Destaca que essas requisições são múltiplas, complexas e desafiadoras e revelam o avanço da judicialização de expressões da questão social; discorre sobre disposições legislativas recentes que fazem avançar o controle do Estado burguês sobre a população trabalhadora, podendo, dentre suas variadas estratégias, fazer uso do trabalho cotidiano do assistente social.

Abstract: This text presents reflections about conservative requisitions for the professionals of the Social Service in the socio-juridical, particularly in the Judiciary, and points to possibilities of resistances. Highlighting that these requisitions are multiple, complex and challengers, and reveal the progress of the judicialization of expressions of the social issue, it deals with recent legislative provisions which advance the control of the bourgeois State over the working population, and are able, among its various strategies, to make use of the daily work of the social assistant.

Expression and significance of L-FABP in hilar cholangiocarcinoma / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To explore the expression of liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) in tissues of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and the relationship between expression of L-FABP and clinicopathological factors and prognosis of the patients.Methods The retrospective case-control study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 132 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who were admitted to the Navy General Hospital between January 2003 and January 2013 were collected.The expression of L-FABP in tumor tissues and adjacent tissues of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and normal bile duct tissues were respectively detected by immunohistochemistry.Observation indicators:(1) expression of L-FABP by immunohistochemistry;(2) relationship between clinicopathological factors of patients and expression of L-FABP in tumor tissues;(3) follow-up and survival situations;(4) prognostic analysis of patients after radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect postoperative overall survival time up to June 2017.Count data were described as percentage and compared using the chi-square test.The survival time was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).The univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were respectively done using the nonparametric test and COX regression model.Results (1) Expression of L-FABP by immunohistochemistry:the positive expressions of L-FABP were located in the cytoplasm.The low,moderate and high expression rates of L-FABP in tumor tissues were respectively 11.36％ (15/132),71.97％ (95/132) and 16.67％ (22/132),and positive-staining cells showed platy and / or diffuse distribution;the low,moderate and high expression rates of L-FABP in adjacent tissues of hilar cholangiocarcinoma were respectively 77.27％ (102/132),7.58％ (10/132) and 15.15％ (20/132),and positive-staining cells showed scattered or platy distribution,with a weaker staining intensity compared with tumor tissues;there was no positive expression in normal bile duct tissues.There was a statistically significant difference in expressions of L-FABP among tumor tissues and adjacent tissues of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and normal bile duct tissues (x2=5.423,P ＜ 0.05).(2) Relationship between clinicopathological factors of patients and expression of L-FABP in tumor tissues:cases with low,moderate and high expressions of L-FABP in tumor tissues were respectively 10,30,5 in 45 patients with tumor diameter ＜ 3 cm and 4,29,9 in 42 patients with 3 cm ≤ tumor diameter ≤ 5 cm and 1,36,8 in 45 patients with tumor diameter ＞ 5 cm,with a statistically significant difference (x2 =10.171,P＜ 0.05).(3) Follow-up and survival situations:132 patients were followed up for 5-90 months,with a median time of 33 months.During the followup,postoperative overall median survival time of 132 patients was 31 months.(4) Prognostic analysis of patients after radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma:results of univariate analysis showed that tumor differentiation,lymph node metastasis and expressions of L-FABP in tumor tissues were related factors affecting prognosis of patients after radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Z =1.845,3.156,1.243,P＜0.05).Results of multivariate analysis showed that tumor differentiation,lymph node metastasis and expressions of L-FABP in tumor tissues were independent factors affecting prognosis of patients after radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (odds ratio =0.431,1.806,3.692,95％ confidence interval:0.292-0.693,0.974-2.973,1.875-11.364,P＜0.05).Conclusions The high expression of L-FABP in tumor tissues is significantly correlated with the tumor diameter.Tumor differentiation,lymph node metastasis and expressions of L-FABP in tumor tissues are independent factors affecting prognosis of patients after radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Auto recognizing critical values from medical image examination reports by using regular expressions / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To introduce a method of automatically identifying critical values from medical image examination reports and prompt the physician to report it,to prevent the omission of the critical value reporting and improve the medical quality.Methods According to the requirement of critical value reporting system,regular expressions were made for each emergency situation of medical image examination,in order to form a critical value feature library.And an algorithm was designed to find critical value and prompt doctors automatically.Results According to this method,the critical value auto recognize software was developed and had been tested in Nanfang Hospital for 6 months.The software ran well.Conclusion Using regular expressions to define a criteria value feature library and design an algorithm of identifying criteria values,can recognize critical values and prompt physician automatically.

Characteristics of facial expression recognition ability in patients with Lewy body disease

BACKGROUND@#The facial expression of medical staff has been known to greatly affect the psychological state of patients, making them feel uneasy or conversely, cheering them up. By clarifying the characteristics of facial expression recognition ability in patients with Lewy body disease, the aim of this study is to examine points to facilitate smooth communication between caregivers and patients with the disease whose cognitive function has deteriorated.@*METHODS@#During the period from March 2016 to July 2017, we examined the characteristics of recognition of the six facial expressions of "happiness," "sadness," "fear," "anger," "surprise," and "disgust" for 107 people aged 60 years or more, both outpatient and inpatient, who hospital specialists had diagnosed with Lewy body diseases of Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease with dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Based on facial expression recognition test results, we classified them by cluster analysis and clarified features of each type.@*RESULTS@#In patients with Lewy body disease, happiness was kept unaffected by aging, age of onset, duration of the disease, cognitive function, and apathy; however, recognizing the facial expression of fear was difficult. In addition, due to aging, cognitive decline, and apathy, the facial expression recognition ability for sadness and anger decreased. In particular, cognitive decline reduced recognition of all of the facial expressions except for happiness. The test accuracy rates were classified into three types using the cluster analysis: "stable type," "mixed type," and "reduced type". In the "reduced type", the overall facial recognition ability declined except happiness, and in the mixed type, recognition ability of anger particularly declined.@*CONCLUSION@#There were several facial expressions that the Lewy body disease patients were unable to accurately identify. Caregivers are recommended to make an effort to compensate for such situations with language or body contact, etc., as a way to convey correct feeling to the patients of each type.

Establishment of a biodosimeter model based on multiple gene expressions in human peripheral blood cells after 60Co γ-rays irradiation / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To investigate a potential radiation biodosimetry based on multiple gene expressions.Methods Human peripheral blood were exposed to 60Co γ-rays at doses from 0 to 8 Gy.The mRNA expression levels of 10 selected genes were detected 6 and 12 h after irradiation by RT-PCR.Individual variation was also examined.An optimal mathematical model of the dose response of these gene expression levels at each time point was obtained by the stepwise regression method.A blind test was conducted to validate the statistical accuracy of dose estimation.Results The 10 selected genes expression levels at each time point were significantly increased along with dose from 0.5 to 8 Gy (R2 =0.61-0.97,P ＜ 0.05).Individual variations were evident in the gene expressions of TNFSF4,PHPT1 and FDXR.The gene expression levels of PCNA,CCNG1,TNFSF4,PHPT1,GADD45A and FDXR were incorporated into the model at 6 h after exposure (R2 =0.88,F =54.8,P ＜ 0.001);the gene expression levels of PCNA,CCNG1,TNFSF4,MDM2,GDF15 and TNFRSF10B were included in the model at 12 h after irradiation (R2 =0.82,F =42.767,P ＜ 0.001).These two statistical models can be utilized for the dose estimation accurately.Conclusions The multiple gene expressions have a potential as a radiation biodosimetry.

Validity of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test in a Brazilian Sample / Validez de la Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test en una Muestra Brasileña / Validade do Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test em uma Amostra Brasileira

Abstract: The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) is internationally used to assess emotional perception, but there are few validity studies with Brazilian samples. The test was answered by 1440 participants, along with the Computerized Test of Primary Emotions Perception (PEP), and abstract (AR) and verbal reasoning (VR) tasks. RMET items were studied with Rasch model. Results indicate that its items are concentrated at a lower level of difficulty, lacking difficult items to assess higher levels of emotional perception. Both RMET and PEP showed significant correlations with AR and VR, corroborating other studies showing emotional perception is related to other types of intelligence. However the correlation between RMET and PEP was lower than expected (r = .43), suggesting perception of emotions in the eyes is only partially related to perception in the whole face.

Resumo: O Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) é utilizado internacionalmente para avaliação da percepção emocional, mas são poucos os estudosde validade com amostras brasileiras. O teste foi respondido por 1440 participantes, juntamente com o Teste Informatizado de Percepção de Emoções Primárias (PEP) e provas de raciocínio abstrato (RA) e verbal (RV). Os itens do RMET foram estudados com modelo de Rasch. Os resultados indicaram que os itens estão concentrados em um nível menor de dificuldade, com falta de itens difíceis para avaliar níveis mais altos de percepção emocional. Tanto o RMET quanto o PEP mostraram correlações significativas com RA e RV, corroborando estudos que mostram que percepção emocional está relacionada a outros tipos de inteligência. Contudo a correlação entre RMET e PEP foi menor do que esperada (r=0,43), sugerindo que percepção de emoção nos olhos está apenas parcialmente relacionada a percepção na face inteira.

Resumen: La Reading the Mind in theEyes Test (RMET) se utiliza internacionalmente para evaluar la percepción emocional, pero son pocos los estudios de validez con muestras brasileñas. La prueba fue respondida por 1440 participantes, junto con la Prueba Computarizada de Percepción de Emociones Primarias (PEP), y tareas de razonamiento abstracto (RA) y verbal (RV). Los ítems de la RMET fueron estudiados con el modelo de Rasch. Los resultados indicaron que sus elementos se concentran en un nivel inferior de dificultad, corto de ítems difíciles de evaluar niveles superiores de percepción emocional. Tanto RMET como PEP mostraron correlaciones significativas con RA y RV, corroborando otros estudios que muestran que la percepción emocional está relacionada con otros tipos de inteligencia. Sin embargo, la correlación entre RMET y PEP fue menor que lo esperado (r = 0,43), lo que sugiere que percepción de emociones en los ojos está sólo parcialmente relacionada con percepción en toda la cara.