Fatores associados ao tempo para submissão ao primeiro tratamento do câncer de mama / Factors associated with time-to-treatment initiation of breast cancer

Resumo Este estudo retrospectivo investigou fatores associados ao tempo para submissão ao primeiro tratamento do câncer de mama entre 12.100 casos assistidos em estabelecimentos de saúde habilitados para a alta complexidade em oncologia no âmbito do SUS localizados no Rio de Janeiro entre 2013 e 2019. Regressão logística multivariada estimou razões de chances e intervalos de 95% de confiança. Foram submetidos ao primeiro tratamento em tempo >60 dias 82,1% dos casos. Entre aqueles sem histórico de diagnóstico anterior, alta escolaridade e estadiamento III e IV exibiram menor probabilidade de submissão ao primeiro tratamento em tempo >60 dias, enquanto tratamento em estabelecimento de saúde não localizado na capital exibiu probabilidade maior. Entre aqueles com histórico de diagnóstico anterior, idade ≥50 anos, raça/cor da pele não branca e estadiamento I exibiram maior probabilidade de submissão ao primeiro tratamento em tempo >60 dias, enquanto alta escolaridade, tratamento em estabelecimento de saúde não localizado na capital e estadiamento IV exibiram probabilidade menor. Em suma, fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos e relacionados ao estabelecimento de saúde estão associados ao tempo para submissão ao primeiro tratamento do câncer de mama.

Abstract The present retrospective study investigated factors associated with time-to-treatment initiation of breast cancer of a cohort of 12,100 cases of health facilities qualified for high complexity in oncology within the scope of the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS) of Rio de Janeiro between 2013 and 2019. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Of all cases, 82.1% were submitted to the first treatment >60 days. Patients without previous diagnosis history, higher education and in stages III and IV were less likely to have their first treatment >60 days, while treatment at a health facility outside the capital showed a higher probability. Patients with a previous diagnosis history, aged ≥50, non-white race/skin color and in stage I were more likely to be submitted to their first treatment >60 days, while subjects with higher education, treated in a health facility outside the capital and in stage IV showed a lower probability. To summarize, sociodemographic, clinical and health facility-related factors are associated with time-to-treatment initiation of breast cancer.

Características microscópicas del cérvix uterino mediante citología líquida

Introducción: La citología líquida es un método que puede contribuir a identificar de manera precoz los cambios microscópicos del cérvix uterino que pudieran progresar a la malignidad, al disminuir el número de muestras insatisfactorias en relación a la citología convencional. Objetivo: Analizar las características microscópicas identificadas mediante la citología de base líquida del cérvix uterino en mujeres atendidas en la Unidad de Bienestar Estudiantil de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Ecuador. Métodos : Se realizó un estudio de serie de casos donde se analizaron las características sociodemográficas, microbiológicas e histológicas procedentes de las fichas médicas de 132 mujeres que participaron en la campaña de Papanicolaou realizado durante junio de 2019. Resultados: El rango de edad predominante fue el de 19 a 33 años, residían en área urbana, 64 % de las mujeres inició la vida sexual antes o durante sus 18 años. Los hallazgos microbiológicos mostraron presencia de flora cocoide en 50 % y 100 % de las muestras manifestaron la calidad adecuada. El estudio citológico presentó, según el sistema Bethesda, 75 % de muestras negativas, con 13 % de LIE de bajo grado y 11 % de ASCUS. El fondo del frotis inflamatorio leve se presentó en 52 %, mientras los antecedentes de más de tres citologías anteriores positivas resultaron en 34 % de las féminas. No se encontró relación entre la presencia de lesión intraepitelial y la edad de las pacientes (p=0,3076). Conclusiones: El total de las muestras fueron útiles lo cual puede indicar que la citología de base líquida ofrece una mayor calidad del diagnóstico histológico.

Introduction: Liquid-based cytology is a method that can contribute to the early identification of microscopic changes in the uterine cervix that can progress to malignancy, by reducing the number of unsatisfactory samples compared to conventional cytology. Objective: To analyze the microscopic characteristics identified by liquid-based cytology of the uterine cervix in women treated at the Student Welfare Unit of the Technical University of Manabí, Ecuador. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective and quantitative study was carried out where the sociodemographic, microbiological and histological characteristics collected in the medical records of 132 women who participated in the Pap smear campaign carried out during June 2019 were analyzed. Results: The age range that prevailed was 19 to 33 years who lived in urban areas, 64% of women began their sexual life before or at 18 years of age. The microbiological findings showed the presence of coccoid flora in 50% and 100% of the samples showed adequate quality. The cytological study presented, according to the Bethesda system, 75% of negative samples, with 13% low-grade IEL and 11% ASCUS. The background of the mild inflammatory smears was present in 52%, the history of previous positive cytology in 34% was more than three. All of the samples were useful. No relationship was found between the presence of intraepithelial lesion and the age of the patients (p=0.3076). Conclusions: CBL can ensure a higher quality of histological diagnosis by guaranteeing a greater number of useful samples.

Características clínicas epidemiológicas de los pacientes con cáncer de pulmón en la provincia Camagüey 2017-2021

Introducción: El cáncer de pulmón es una de las enfermedades más graves y uno de los cánceres con mayor incidencia en las personas, responsable de los mayores índices de mortalidad oncológica a escala mundial. Objetivo: Analizar las características clínicas epidemiológicas de los pacientes con cáncer de pulmón. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo, con el objetivo de analizar las características clínicas epidemiológicas de los pacientes con el diagnóstico de cáncer de pulmón atendido en el Hospital Oncológico María Curie durante el quinquenio de enero de 2017 a diciembre de 2021. El universo de estudio incluyó a los 822 pacientes que fueron atendidos en el hospital durante el período antes señalado, con cáncer de pulmón. La muestra a discreción la conformaron 276 pacientes. Resultados: Predominio del cáncer de pulmón en los pacientes de 61 a 80 años de edad, sexo masculino, fumadores pasivos. La variedad cito-histológica con mayor incidencia fue el carcinoma de células pequeñas microcítico; debut de esta enfermedad en pacientes en estadio IV y con tratamiento recibido de radioterapia y quimioterapia en el 100 % de los pacientes. Conclusiones: Es un tumor predominante entre las neoplasias malignas, donde el diagnóstico oportuno permite tratar en estadios tempranos, lo cual favorece la sobrevida en pacientes.

Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the most serious diseases and one of the cancers with the highest incidence in people, responsible for the highest oncological mortality rates worldwide. Objective: To analyze the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of patients with lung cancer. Methods: A retrospective descriptive observational study was carried out, with the objective of analyzing the epidemiological clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with lung cancer treated at the María Curie Oncological Hospital during the five-year period from January 2017 to December 2021. The universe of study included 822 patients who were treated in the hospital during the aforementioned period with lung cancer. The sample at discretion was made up of 276 patients. Results: Prevalence of lung cancer in patients between 61 and 80 years of age, male, passive smokers. The cyto-histological variety with the highest incidence was small cell microcytic carcinoma; debut of this disease in patients in stage IV and with treatment received with radiotherapy and chemotherapy in 100% of the patients. Conclusions: It is a predominant tumor among malignant neoplasms, where timely diagnosis allows treatment in early stages, which favors survival in patients.

Carcinoma de células escamosas de pene

Introducción: El cáncer de pene es una neoplasia maligna poco frecuente en todo el mundo; representa el 1 % de todos los cánceres que afectan a los hombres. Es una neoplasia caracterizada por un proceso proliferativo de células epiteliales, originándose a partir de la piel del prepucio interno o del glande, que se identifica por un crecimiento invasivo y diseminación metastásica temprana a ganglios linfáticos. Objetivo: Exponer la presentación clínica, diagnóstico y tratamiento de un hombre joven con cáncer de pene. Caso clínico: Paciente masculino de 31 años de edad, color de la piel blanca, con antecedentes de salud anterior y de procedencia urbana; que desde hace dos años presenta lesión ulcerosa, descamativa, granulosa en el pene; no dolorosa, con secreciones fétidas y que ha ido aumentando de tamaño. Con la aplicación de anestesia regional espinal se realizó penectomía parcial y se confirmó el diagnóstico de un carcinoma de células escamosas de pene. Conclusiones: El carcinoma de células escamosas de pene es infrecuente en hombres jóvenes y de buen pronóstico si es diagnosticado a tiempo y para cuyo diagnóstico se precisa ser especialmente estricto con los criterios histológicos. La penectomía parcial es el tratamiento de elección de la lesión primaria. El seguimiento de estos pacientes es fundamental para actuar de forma rápida ante la presencia de recidiva o adenopatías metastásicas.

Introduction : Cancer of the penis is a rare malignant neoplasm worldwide; it represents 1 % of all cancers that affect men. It is a neoplasm characterized by a proliferative process of epithelial cells, originating from the skin of the inner prepuce or glans penis, which is identified by invasive growth and early metastatic spread to lymph nodes. Objective : To expose the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of a young man with penile cancer. Clinical case : Male patient 31 years of age, white skin color, with a history of previous health and urban origin; that for two years has had ulcerative, decamative, granulous lesion on the penis; not painful, with fetid secretions and that has been increasing in size. With the application of regional spinal anesthesia, partial penectomy was performed and the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis was confirmed. Conclusions : Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis is uncommon in young men and has a good prognosis if it is diagnosed early and for whose diagnosis it is necessary to be especially strict with the histological criteria. Partial penectomy is the treatment of choice for the primary lesion. The follow-up of these patients is essential to act quickly in the presence of recurrence or metastatic adenopathies.

Nephrometry scoring systems: their importance for the planning of nephron-sparing surgery and the relationships among them / Escores nefrométricos: sua importância para o planejamento da nefrectomia parcial e as relações entre eles

Abstract In recent years, the development of new imaging techniques and scoring systems have improved the diagnosis and management of small renal masses. Imaging-based nephrometry scoring systems play an interesting role in the planning of nephron-sparing surgery, providing surgeons with the information necessary to determine the complexity of the renal mass, to deliver the appropriate postoperative care, and to predict adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to review nephrometry scoring systems, evaluating their characteristics and the relationships among them. The urology and radiology communities should decide which nephrometry scoring system will prevail and be used in daily practice.

Resumo O diagnóstico e o manejo das pequenas massas renais têm sido aprimorados nos últimos anos com o desenvolvimento de técnicas de imagem e escores que desempenham papel interessante no planejamento da nefrectomia parcial, fornecendo informações importantes ao cirurgião para determinar o tipo de tratamento em relação a complexidade da massa renal, cuidados pós-operatórios e previsão de complicações após as cirurgias. O objetivo deste estudo é revisar os escores de nefrometria, suas características e relações entre eles no cenário da cirurgia. Os serviços de urologia e radiologia devem decidir qual é o melhor escore de nefrometria para ser utilizado na prática diária.

Underestimation Rate in the Percutaneous Diagnosis of Radial Scar/Complex Sclerosing Lesion of the Breast: Systematic Review / Taxa de subestimação no diagnóstico percutâneo de cicatriz radiada/lesão esclerosante complexa da mama: Revisão sistemática

Abstract Objective To evaluate the underestimation rate in breast surgical biopsy after the diagnosis of radial scar/complex sclerosing lesion through percutaneous biopsy. Data Sources A systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. The PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane, and Embase databases were consulted, with searches conducted through November 2020, using specific keywords (radial scar OR complex sclerosing lesion, breast cancer, anatomopathological percutaneous biopsy AND/OR surgical biopsy). Data collection Study selection was conducted by two researchers experienced in preparing systematic reviews. The eight selected articles were fully read, and a comparative analysis was performed. Study selection A total of 584 studies was extracted, 8 of which were selected. One of them included women who had undergone a percutaneous biopsy with a histological diagnosis of radial scar/complex sclerosing lesion and subsequently underwent surgical excision; the results were used to assess the underestimation rate of atypical and malignant lesions. Data synthesis The overall underestimation rate in the 8 studies ranged from 1.3 to 40% and the invasive lesion underestimation rate varied from 0 to 10.5%. Conclusion The histopathological diagnosis of a radial scar/complex sclerosing lesion on the breast is not definitive, and it may underestimate atypical andmalignant lesions, which require a different treatment, making surgical excision an important step in diagnostic evaluation.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o grau de discordância entre biópsia percutânea e cirúrgica da mama em pacientes com diagnóstico de cicatriz radiada/lesão esclerosante complexa (CR/LEC) por meio de uma revisão sistemática. Fontes dos dados Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática segundo as recomendações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA, na sigla em inglês). As bases de dados primárias consultadas foram PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane e Embase, combuscas conduzidas até novembro de 2020, utilizando palavras chaves específicas (cicatriz radiada OU lesão esclerosante complexa, câncer de mama, anatomopatológico de biópsia percutânea E/OU biópsia cirúrgica). Seleção dos estudos A busca dos artigos resultou em um total de 584 estudos, sendo 8 selecionados, os quais incluíam mulheres submetidas a biópsia com diagnóstico histológico de CR/LEC e posteriormente submetidas a exérese cirúrgica para avaliar como desfecho o grau de subestimação de lesões atípicas e malignas. Coleta de dados A seleção dos estudos foi conduzida por dois pesquisadores, com experiência na elaboração de revisão sistemática. Os oito artigos selecionados foram lidos na íntegra e submetidos a uma análise comparativa. Síntese dos dados Cicatrizes radiadas/lesões esclerosante complexas foram associadas com lesões atípicas e malignas após a exérese cirúrgica. O grau de subestimação geral foi calculado pela porcentagem de lesões atípicas e malignas no anatomopatológico após a exérese cirúrgica dentre o total de CR/LEC diagnosticadas, enquanto o grau de subestimação de lesões invasoras foi calculado considerando-se apenas os carcinomas invasivos. O grau de subestimação geral dos estudos selecionados variou de 1,3 a 40%, e o de lesões invasoras de 0 a 10,5%. Conclusão O diagnóstico histopatológico de CR/LEC na mama não é definitivo, podendo subestimar lesões atípicas e malignas, cujo tratamento é distinto, tornando a exérese cirúrgica etapa fundamental na investigação diagnóstica.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for differentiating between benign and malignant thoracic lymph nodes: a meta-analysis / Ressonância magnética ponderada em difusão para a diferenciação entre linfonodos torácicos malignos de benignos: uma meta-análise

Abstract Objective: To establish the diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in discriminating malignant from non-malignant thoracic lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: This was a meta-analysis involving systematic searches of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases up through April 2020. Studies reporting thoracic DWI and lymph node evaluation were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated. Results: We evaluated six studies, involving a collective total of 356 mediastinal lymph nodes in 214 patients. Thoracic DWI had a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 92% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 71-98%) and 93% (95% CI: 79-98%), respectively. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 13.2 (95% CI: 4.0-43.8) and 0.09 (95% CI: 0.02-0.36), respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio was 149 (95% CI: 18-1,243), and the AUC was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.98). Conclusion: DWI is a reproducible technique and has demonstrated high accuracy for differentiating between malignant and benign states in thoracic lymph nodes.

Resumo Objetivo: Uma meta-análise foi realizada para estabelecer o desempenho diagnóstico da ressonância magnética com imagem ponderada em difusão (DWI) na discriminação de linfonodos torácicos malignos de benignos. Materiais e Métodos: MEDLINE, EMBASE e Web of Science foram sistematicamente pesquisados até abril de 2020. Foram incluídos estudos que relatavam o uso de DWI na avaliação de linfonodos torácicos. Sensibilidade, especificidade, razão de chances de diagnóstico, valores preditivos positivos e negativos e área sob a curva (AUC) foram calculados. Resultados: Foram encontrados 356 linfonodos mediastinais de 214 pacientes nos seis estudos incluídos. DWI produziu sensibilidade e especificidade combinadas de 92% (intervalo de confiança 95% [IC 95%]: 71-98%) e 93% (IC 95%: 79-98%), respectivamente. A razão de verossimilhança positiva foi de 13,2 (IC 95%: 4,0-43,8), a razão de verossimilhança negativa foi de 0,09 (IC 95%: 0,02-0,36); A razão de chances de diagnóstico foi de 149 (IC 95%: 18-1.243). A DWI teve uma AUC de 0,97 (IC 95%: 0,95-0,98). Conclusão: DWI é uma técnica reprodutível que demonstrou alta acurácia na diferenciação de estados malignos e benignos nos linfonodos torácicos.

Tumor de células granulares: a propósito de un caso / Granulle cell tumor: a case report

RESUMEN Fundamento: el mioblastoma de células granulares también conocido como tumor de Abrikossoff es una neoplasia benigna de rara frecuencia formada por células de aspecto granular. Objetivo: exponer aspectos clínicos del mioblastoma de células granulares. Presentación del caso: se reportó el caso de un paciente masculino de raza negra, 50 años de edad, que fue remitido de la Atención Primaria con impresión clínica de fibroma lingual, al examen bucal se observó lesión ovoide de 3 cm de diámetro en el dorso de la lengua, asintomática, firme, hipocoloreada, consistencia dura y bordes precisos. Se realizó exéresis mediante biopsia escisional. El diagnóstico histopatológico determinó mioblastoma de células granulares. Conclusiones: tanto las características clínicas como histológicas del tumor de células granulares son muy semejantes a otras neoplasias malignas que se asientan en la lengua como el carcinoma epidermoide por tanto su diagnóstico constituye un reto para el estomatólogo.

ABSTRACT Background: granular cell tumor known as Abrikossoff´s tumor is a benign neoplasm of rare incidence formed by cell of granular aspects. Objective: to expose clinical aspects of granular cell tumor. Case report: a clinical case is reported of a 50 years-old black male patient. He was remitted of Primary Health Service with diagnostic impression of tongue's fibroma, in the oral exam was detected an oval lesion of 3cm of diameter on dorsum of the tongue, asymptomatic, firm consistency, and well defined. The lesion was removed by excision biopsy. The histological-pathological study determined a granular cell tumor. Conclusions: both the clinical and histological characteristics of the granular cell tumor are very similar to other malignant neoplasm that settle on the tongue such as epidermoid cell carcinoma therefore its diagnosis constitutes a challenge for the dentistry.

Resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de pacientes con cáncer pulmonar / Results of surgical treatment of patients with lung cancer

RESUMEN Fundamento: la incidencia de cáncer de pulmón en la provincia Sancti Spíritus es alta y su diagnóstico por lo general, se realiza en etapas avanzadas por lo cual el tratamiento quirúrgico no siempre es posible. Objetivo: analizar las principales características y resultados de los pacientes operados por cáncer de pulmón. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal en el servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Universitario General Camilo Cienfuegos en la provincia Sancti Spiritus en el período comprendido entre enero de 1996 y diciembre de 2019. El universo consistió en 83 pacientes operados con cáncer de pulmón que se sometieron a resección acompañados de muestreo de ganglios linfáticos mediastinales. Resultados: el sexo masculino predominó en el grupo estudiado. Los grupos de edades más frecuentes para ambos sexos fueron los de 51 a 60 años y los mayores de 60 años. El hábito de fumar estuvo presente en la mayoría de los pacientes. La localización tumoral más predominó fue en los lóbulos superiores y la lobectomía fue la técnica más realizada. Las etapas patológicas que predominaron fueron la lB y llB, seguidas de la lllA. El carcinoma de células escamosas fue el tipo histológico más frecuente. Las atelectasias y las infecciones respiratorias fueron las complicaciones más frecuentes. Los fallecidos fueron pocos. Conclusiones: las características demográficas de los pacientes estudiados se corresponden a otras series de pacientes con cáncer del pulmón. La localización tumoral en los lóbulos superiores, el carcinoma epidermoide, así como las etapas tempranas, predominaron en la serie estudiada. La lobectomía fue la técnica quirúrgica que se utilizó con mayor frecuencia y dentro de las complicaciones, las respiratorias fueron las más frecuentes.

ABSTRACT Background: the incidence of lung cancer in the province of Sancti Spíritus is high and its diagnosis is usually made in advanced stages, for which surgical treatment is not always possible. Objective: to analyze the main characteristics and results of patients operated on for lung cancer. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out in the General Surgery service of the Camilo Cienfuegos General University Hospital in the Sancti Spiritus province in the period between January 1996 and December 2019. The universe consisted of 83 patients operated with lung cancer who underwent resection accompanied by mediastinal lymph node sampling. Results: the male sex predominated in the studied group. The most frequent age groups for both sexes were those from 51 to 60 years old and those over 60 years old. Smoking was present in most of the patients. The most frequent tumor location was in the upper lobes and lobectomy was the most performed technique. The pathological stages that predominated were lB and llB, followed by lllA. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent histological type. Atelectasis and respiratory infections were the most frequent complications. The deceased were few. Conclusions: the demographic characteristics of the patients studied correspond to other series of patients with lung cancer. Tumor location in the upper lobes, squamous cell carcinoma, as well as early stages, predominated in the series studied. Lobectomy was the most frequently used surgical technique and among complications, respiratory ones were the most frequent.

Sobrevida en adultos mayores con cáncer colorrectal: una revisión bibliográfica / Survival in older adults with colorectal cancer: a literature review

RESUMEN Fundamento: el cáncer colorrectal es la neoplasia maligna más frecuente que se puede presentar en el sistema digestivo. Se ha observado un incremento gradual en América Latina, Cuba presenta indicadores de salud similares a las naciones desarrolladas, el cáncer colorrectal constituye la tercera causa de muerte entre las enfermedades malignas. Objetivo: proporcionar una recopilación teórica y actualizada de investigaciones relacionadas con la sobrevida en adultos mayores con cáncer colorrectal. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con el método de análisis bibliográfico sin restricciones de idioma, se consultaron las bases de datos Lilacs, Medline, PubMed y SciELO. Se utilizaron como palabras claves: sobrevida, cáncer colorrectal, adulto mayor. Resultados: el cáncer colorrectal puede cursar asintomático, la sintomatología y los signos también dependerán de la localización del tumor. En su mayoría, se detecta en la etapa sintomática, un 50 % de estos pacientes de diagnóstico tardío se encuentran en un estadio avanzado del tumor. La sobrevida de los adultos mayores con cáncer colorrectal depende también de su forma de presentación y calidad de vida. Conclusiones: la sobrevida en adultos mayores con cáncer colorrectal está influenciada por la edad del paciente, estadio en el momento del diagnóstico, forma de presentación de la enfermedad nosológica, abordaje quirúrgico, estilo y calidad de vida antes y después de ser diagnosticado.

ABSTRACT Background: colorectal cancer is the most common malignant neoplasia that can occur in the digestive system. There has been a gradual increase in Latin America, Cuba presents health indicators similar to developed nations, and colorectal cancer is the third cause of death. Objective: to provide a theoretical and updated collection of research related to survival in older adults with colorectal cancer. Methods: a bibliographic review was carried out with the bibliographic analysis method without language restrictions, the Lilacs, Medline, PubMed and SciELO databases were consulted. They were used as keywords: survival, colorectal cancer, elderly. Results: colorectal cancer can be asymptomatic, the symptoms and signs will also depend on the location of the tumor. Colorectal cancer, for the most part, is detected in the symptomatic stage, 50% of these late diagnosis patients are in an advanced stage of the tumor. The survival of older adults with colorectal cancer also depends on their presentation and quality of life. Conclusions: survival in older adults with colorectal cancer is influenced by the patient's age, stage at the time of diagnosis, presentation of the nosological entity, surgical approach, style and quality of life before and after being diagnosed.

Breast imaging hindered during covid-19 pandemic, in Brazil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To report the decrease in breast imaging after covid-19 pandemic, obtaining the number of mammograms performed in 2019 and 2020. Additionally, to investigate if there was an increase in the proportion of women undergoing mammography for diagnostic purposes, with palpable lesions. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study, based on the number of mammograms performed by the Brazilian public health services, provided by DATASUS, an open access database. Mammograms from private institutions were not included. This study compares the number of mammograms performed in 2019 and 2020, in women aged 50-69 years, stratified by month, in each federal state, and the presence of palpable lumps (physician-reported). RESULTS: In total, 1,948,471 mammograms were performed in 2019 and 1,126,688 in 2020, for the population studied. These values represent a 42% decline. Monthly, a significant decreased is observed after April 2020. The results varied slightly according to federal state; yet the entire country was affected. Rondônia was the most affected state, with 67% decline. The proportion of women presenting palpable lumps increased from 7.06% on average in 2019 to 7.94% in 2020 (OR = 1.135, 95%CI 1.125-1.145, p = 0,001). DISCUSSION: The number of mammograms performed in 2020 declined considerably. Out of the women who presented for mammogram, the proportion of palpable lumps was significantly higher in 2020. Considering the detection rate of digital mammography, the loss of 800,000 exams means 4,000 undiagnosed breast cancer cases, by the end of 2020.

Factors associated with diagnosis of stages I and II lung cancer: a multivariate analysis

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To present the overall survival rate for lung cancer and identify the factors associated with early diagnosis of stage I and II lung cancer. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study including individuals diagnosed with lung cancer, from January 2009 to December 2017, according to the cancer registry at UMass Memorial Medical Center. Five-year overall survival and its associated factors were identified by Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox's proportional hazards model. Factors associated with diagnosing clinical stage I and II lung cancer were identified by bivariate and multivariate backward stepwise logistic regression (Log-likelihood ratio (LR)) at 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS The study was conducted with data on 2730 individuals aged 67.9 years on average, 51.5% of whom female, 92.3% white, and 6.6% never smoked. Five-year overall survival was 21%. Individuals diagnosed with early-stage disease had a 43% five-year survival rate compared to 8% for those diagnosed at late stages. Stage at diagnosis was the main factor associated with overall survival [HR = 4.08 (95%CI: 3.62-4.59)]. Factors associated with early diagnosis included patients older than 68 years [OR = 1.23 (95%CI: 1.04-1.45)], of the female gender [OR = 1.47 (95%CI: 1.24-1.73)], white [OR = 1.63 (95%CI: 1.16-2.30)], and never-smokers [OR = 1.37 (95%CI: 1.01-1.86)]; as well as tumors affecting the upper lobe [OR = 1.46 (95%CI: 1.24-1.73)]; adenocarcinoma [OR = 1.43 (95%CI: 1.21-1.69)]; and diagnosis after 2014 [OR = 1.61 (95%CI: 1.37-1.90)]. CONCLUSIONS Stage at diagnosis was the most decisive predictor for survival. Non-white and male individuals were more likely to be diagnosed at a late stage. Thus, promoting lung cancer early diagnosis by improving access to health care is vital to enhance overall survival for individuals with lung cancer.

Indicadores morfométricos del melanoma maligno de piel / Morfometric indicators in malignant skin melanoma

RESUMEN Fundamento: el melanoma maligno es un tumor con una gran capacidad de invasión y de difícil tratamiento por su elevada agresividad y mortalidad, en este, los estudios morfométricos se hacen necesarios por el valor que aportan en el diagnóstico histológico para mejorar el pronóstico de la enfermedad. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de indicadores morfométricos como el área nuclear, volumen nuclear y factor de forma nuclear. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de serie de casos de 12 pacientes con el diagnóstico de melanoma maligno de piel en el período septiembre 2015 a septiembre 2017 en la provincia Holguín. Se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos, estos últimos basados en técnicas morfométricas, luego se realizó análisis estadístico de los datos obtenidos y se reflejaron en tablas. Resultados: el área y el volumen nuclear muestran valores pequeños. El factor de forma como indicador de pleomorfismo nuclear presentó valores superiores en los casos del estudio que en los descritos en la literatura. Conclusiones: el volumen nuclear muestra valores pequeños, lo que habla a favor de un comportamiento característico de tejido hiperplásico, al igual que el comportamiento del área nuclear, los valores del factor de forma nuclear indican menor pleomorfismo que el descrito en la literatura.

ABSTRACT Background: malignant melanoma is an invasive tumour and difficult to treat due to its high level of mortality and aggressiveness, a morphometry study was required to provide a proper diagnosis of the disease. Objective: to describe the behavior of morphometric indicators as nuclear area, nuclear volume and nuclear shape factor. Methods: a case series study in 12 patients having malignant skin melanoma was carried out, in the period from September 2015 to September 2017 in Holguin Province. Theoretical and empirical methods were used; these last two methods were based on Morphometric techniques. Then a statistical analysis of the information obtained was performed and they were added on a chart. Results: the area and nuclear volume showed low rate. The shape factor showed less levels of pleomorfism than the ones described in specialized literature. Conclusions: when low values of nuclear volume and nuclear area in malignant melanoma are found we are dealing with hyperplastic tissue. The same happens with the incidence of the nuclear area; the values of the nuclear shape factor evidenced less pleomorfi levels than the ones described in specialized literature.

Acurácia diagnóstica de teste quantitativo imunoquímico fecal com uma amostra ou com duas amostras para detectar neoplasia intestinal / Diagnostic accuracy of one sample or two samples quantitative fecal immunochemical tests for intestinal neoplasia detection

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Rectal bleeding is the most important symptom of intestinal neoplasia; thus, tests of occult blood detection in stools are widely used for pre neoplastic lesions and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the accuracy of OC-Sensor quantitative test (Eiken Chemical, Tokyo, Japan) at cut-off 10 µg Hb/g feces (50 ng/mL) in a cohort of subjects that had to undergo diagnostic colonoscopy, and if more than one sample collected in consecutive days would improve the diagnostic accuracy of the test. METHODS: Patients (mean age 56.3±9.7 years) that underwent colonoscopy prospectively randomly received one (1-sample FIT, FIT 1) or two (2-sample FIT, FIT 2) collection tubes. They collected the stool sample before starting colonoscopy preparation. Samples were analyzed by the OC-Auto Micro 80 (Eiken Chemical, Tokyo, Japan). The performance of FIT 1 and FIT 2 were compared to the colonoscopy findings. RESULTS: Among 289 patients, CRC was diagnosed in 14 (4.8%), advanced adenoma in 37 (12.8%), early adenoma in 71 (24.6%) and no abnormalities in 141 (48.8%). For FIT 1, the sensitivity for CRC was 83.3% (95%CI 36.5-99.1%), for advanced adenoma was 24% (95%CI 10.1-45.5%), with specificity of 86.9% (95%CI 77.3-92.9%). For FIT 2, the sensitivity for CRC was 75% (95%CI 35.6-95.5%), for advanced adenoma was 50% (95%CI 22.3-77.7%), with specificity of 92.9% (95%CI 82.2-97.7%). The positive likelihood ratios were 1.8 (95%CI 0.7-4.4 for FIT 1) and 7.1 (95%CI 2.4-21.4 for FIT 2) for advanced adenoma, and 6.4 (95%CI 3.3-12.3, for FIT 1) and 10.7 (95%CI 3.8-29.8, for FIT 2) for CRC. The negative likelihood ratio were 0.9 (95%CI 0.7-1, for FIT 1) and 0.5 (95%CI 0.3-0.9, for FIT 2) for advanced adenoma, and 0.2 (0.03-1.1, for FIT 1) and 0.3 (0.08-0.9, for FIT 2) for CRC. The differences between FIT 1 and FIT 2 performances were not significant. However, the comparison of the levels of hemoglobin in feces of patients of FIT 1 and FIT 2 showed that the differences between no polyp group and advanced adenoma and CRC were significant. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of OCR Sensor with 10 µg Hb/g feces cut-off was comparable to other reports and two-sample collection improved the detection rate of advanced adenoma, a pre neoplastic condition to prevent CRC incidence.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: Sangramento retal é o sintoma mais importante de neoplasia intestinal; portanto, testes para detecção de sangue oculto nas fezes são amplamente usados para rastreamento de lesões pré-neoplásicas e de câncer colorretal (CCR). OBJETIVO: Avaliar a acurácia do teste quantitativo OC-Sensor (Eiken Chemical, Tokyo, Japan) com o valor de corte de 10 µg Hb/g fezes (50 ng/mL) numa coorte de indivíduos que se submeteram à colonoscopia diagnóstica, e se mais de uma amostra coletada em dias consecutivos melhoraria a acurácia diagnóstica do teste. MÉTODOS: Pacientes (idade média 56,3±9,7 anos) que se submeteram à colonoscopia prospectivamente, randomicamente, receberam tubos de coleta: um (1-amostra FIT, FIT 1), ou dois (2-amostra FIT, FIT 2). Eles coletaram as amostras de fezes antes de iniciar o preparo da colonoscopia. As amostras foram analisadas pelo OC-Auto Micro 80 (Eiken Chemical, Tokyo, Japan). As performances do FIT 1 e do FIT 2 foram comparadas com os achados da colonoscopia. RESULTADOS: Entre 289 pacientes, CCR foi diagnosticado em 14 (4,8%), adenoma avançado em 37 (12,8%), adenoma precoce em 71 (24,6%) e sem anormalidades em 141 (48,8%). Para FIT 1, a sensibilidade para CCR foi 83,3% (95%IC 36,5-99,1%), para adenoma avançado foi 24% (95%IC 10,1-45,5%), com especificidade de 86,9% (95%IC 77,3-92,9%). Para FIT 2, a sensibilidade para CCR foi 75% (95%IC 35,6-95,5%), para adenoma avançado foi 50% (95%IC 22,3-77,7%), com especificidade de 92,9% (95%IC 82,2-97,7%). A razão de verossimilhança positiva foi 1,8 (95%IC 0,7-4,4 para FIT 1) e 7,1 (95%IC 2,4-21,4 para FIT 2) para adenoma avançado, e 6,4 (95%IC 3,3-12,3, para FIT 1) e 10,7 (95%IC 3,8-29,8, para FIT 2) para CCR. A razão de verossimilhança negativa foi 0,9 (95%IC 0,7-1, para FIT 1) e 0,5 (95%IC 0,3-0,9, para FIT 2) para adenoma avançado, e 0,2 (0,03-1,1, para FIT 1) e 0,3 (0,08-0,9, para FIT 2) para CCR. As diferenças de performance entre FIT 1 e FIT 2 não foram significantes. Entretanto, a comparação dos níveis de hemoglobina nas fezes dos pacientes de FIT 1 e FIT 2 mostraram que as diferenças entre sem pólipo e adenoma avançado e CCR foram significantes. CONCLUSÃO: A acurácia do OCR Sensor com valor de corte de 10 µg Hb/g de fezes foi comparável a outras publicações e a coleta de duas amostras melhorou a taxa de detecção de adenoma avançado, lesão pré-neoplásica, para prevenir CCR.

Dysregulation of serum miR-1204 and its potential as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE A previous study has reported that miR-1204 exerted oncogenic effects in breast cancer (BC). The purpose of our paper was to evaluate the expressions of tissue and serum miR-1204 in patients with BC and further investigate its biomarker potential. METHODS The expressions of tissue and serum miR-1204 were investigated by qRT-PCR in 144 BC patients and 38 healthy controls. Chi-square tests were conducted to examine the associations between miR-1204 expressions and clinicopathological factors. Then, the associations of miR-1204s level with the survival of BC patients were determined by performing the Kaplan-Meier and multivariate analysis. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and area under the OC curve (AUC) were obtained to validate the diagnostic values of miR-1204. RESULTS We found that the expressions of miR-1204 were increased in both tissue and serum samples from BC patients. Multivariate assays identified tissue and serum miR-1204 overexpression as an independent poor prognostic factor. In addition, ROC curve assays indicated that tissue and serum miR-1204 are potential diagnostic markers of BC. CONCLUSIONS Detection of tissue and serum miR-1204 levels could have clinical potential as a novel prognostic/diagnostic biomarker for BC patients.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Um estudo anterior indicou que o miR-1204 exerce efeitos oncogênicos no Câncer de Mama (CM). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as expressões de miR-1204 sérico e em tecidos em pacientes com CM e investigar o seu potencial biomarcador. METODOLOGIA As expressões de miR-1204 sérico e em tecidos foram investigadas por qRT-PCR em 144 pacientes com CM e 38 controles saudáveis. Testes qui-quadrados foram realizados para examinar as associações entre as expressões de miR-1204 e os fatores clinicopatológicos. Em seguida, as associações entre nível de miR-1204s e sobrevida de pacientes de CM foram determinadas através de análises de Kaplan-Meier e multivariadas. A Curva Característica de Operação do Receptor (ROC) e área sob a curva (AUC) foram obtidas para validar o valor diagnóstico do MIR-1204. RESULTADOS Descobrimos que as expressões do MIR-1204 estavam aumentadas em amostras de tecido e séricas de pacientes com CM. Análises multivariadas identificaram a superexpressão de miR-1204 sérico e em tecidos como um fator independente de prognóstico ruim. Além disso, as curvas ROC indicaram que o miR-1204 sérico e em tecidos é um possível marcador de diagnóstico de CM. CONCLUSÃO A detecção dos níveis MIR-1204 em tecidos e séricos pode ter potencial clínico como um novo biomarcador de prognóstico/diagnóstico para pacientes de CM.

Carcinoma urotelial: presentación de un caso / Urothelial carcinoma: a case report

RESUMEN Fundamento: los tumores del urotelio se originan a partir del epitelio de revestimiento mucoso de tipo transicional y constituyen la casi totalidad de los tumores de las vías excretoras, altos. El adenocarcinoma primario de las vías urinarias, son extremadamente infrecuentes y suelen tener un comportamiento agresivo, con un pronóstico sombrío. Objetivo: exponer la forma de presentación de un paciente con carcinoma urotelial mostrando algunas características de los mismos. Presentación de caso: paciente masculino de 70 años de edad, jubilado, fumador inveterado y con antecedentes de ingerir café en grandes cantidades, acudió a consulta por hematuria macroscópica, dolor lumbar, a veces fijo, otras veces en forma de cólicos ureterales y fiebre de 39 grados. El estudio analítico solo mostró velocidad de deshidrogenasa láctica alterada. El estudio imagenológico con ecografía mostró hidronefrosis e ilio derecho agrandado con imagen heterogénea de 2 cm en el riñón, a nivel de la unión uretero pélvica, lo cual fue corroborado por la tomografía axial computarizada. El resto de los exámenes como endoscopia, colonoscopía, cistoscopia y de diferentes regiones fueron todos negativos. Se practicó nefroureterectomía derecha, encontrándose el paciente asintomático. Conclusiones: los tumores del urotelio superior son neoplasias infrecuentes, en las vías urinarias se debe descartar un origen extraurológicos. El diagnóstico diferencial debe de realizarse con el tumor de células renales o el de vejiga.

ABSTRACT Background: the urothelial carcinomas originate from the epithelium of mucous revetment of transitional type and constitute almost totality of the tumors of the excretory, high routes. The primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary tract, are extremely infrequent and they usually have an aggressive behavior, with a shaded prognosis. Objective: to express the way of presenting a patient with urothelial carcinoma showing some aspects from the sicknesses. Case report: a 70-years-old male patient, retired, inveterate smoker and with a history of ingesting coffee in large quantities, attended consultation for gross hematuria, lumbar pain, sometimes fixed, other times in the form of ureteral colic and fever of 39 degrees. The analytical study only showed altered lactic dehydrogenase rate. The imaging study with ultrasound showed hydronephrosis and enlarged right ilium with heterogeneous image of 2 cm in the kidney, at the level of the pelvic ureter junction, which was corroborated by computerized axial tomography. The rest of the examinations such as endoscopy, colonoscopy, and cystoscopy of different regions were all negative. Right nephroureterectomy was performed, and the patient is still asymptomatic. Conclusions: the tumors of the upper urothelium are infrequent neoplasias, in the urinary tract an extraurological origin must be ruled out. The differential diagnosis must be made with the renal cell tumor or the bladder tumor.

Focal hyperechoic liver lesions in children: far beyond hemangiomas - pictorial essay / Lesões hepáticas hiperecogênicas focais em crianças: muito além dos hemangiomas - ensaio iconográfico

Abstract The aim of this report was to present a selection of focal hyperechoic liver lesions of different etiologies, illustrating the wide spectrum of diagnostic possibilities for such lesions in the pediatric population.

Resumo Apresentamos uma seleção de lesões focais hiperecogênicas hepáticas de diversas etiologias, que ilustram o grande espectro de diferentes possibilidades diagnósticas dessas lesões na faixa pediátrica, muito além dos hemangiomas.

Cuerno cutáneo peneano y carcinoma escamoso / Cutaneous horn of the penis and squamous cell carcinoma

RESUMEN Fundamento: el carcinoma escamoso del pene es uno de los tumores menos frecuentes del aparato urogenital, que por su localización trae como consecuencias serias afectaciones de la calidad de vida de los pacientes, ocasiona daños tanto físicos, psíquicos como sexuales, por lo que su prevención resulta muy importante. Objetivo: exponer un caso de cuerno cutáneo peneano por lo poco frecuente de su aparición y de su potencial relacionado con la enfermedad neoplásica, en especial el carcinoma escamoso. Presentación del caso: se presenta el caso de un paciente de 74 años de edad, blanco, jubilado con antecedentes de ser fumador de dos cajetillas de cigarros desde la juventud diariamente, además de presentar hipertensión arterial controlada con tratamiento, que desde hace un año presenta lesión en el glande, indurada no dolorosa que ha ido en aumento, además de secreción con mal olor, la lesión hace relieve, paciente no circuncidado. Conclusiones: la presentación clínica de este tipo de tumores ha variado de manera sustancial al asemejarse en ocasiones lesiones benignas, por ello el diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta enfermedad suelen retrasarse implicando un menor tiempo en la supervivencia de los pacientes.

ABSTRACT Background: scamous cell carcinoma of the Penis is one of the less frequent tumors of the urogenital apparatus, which due to its location has serious consequences for the quality of life of patients, causing physical, psychological and sexual damage, so that its prevention is very important. Objective: to present a case of cutaneous penis horn due to infrequency of its appearance and its potential related to neoplastic disease, especially squamous carcinoma. Case report: 74-year-old patient, retiree with antecedents of being an inveterate smoker of two daily packets since youth, and hypertension controlled with treatment, who presented 1 year ago a glans lesion, indurated painless that has been increasing, as well as discharge with a bad odor, the lesion is protruded, not circumcised patient. Conclusions: the clinical presentation of this type of tumors has varied substantially resembling sometimes benign lesions, so the diagnosis and treatment of this disease are usually delayed implying a shorter time in the survival of patients.

Multiple cavitary lung lesions on CT: imaging findings to differentiate between malignant and benign etiologies / Lesões escavadas pulmonares múltiplas em TC: achados de imagem para diferenciação entre etiologia maligna e benigna

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the CT findings of multiple cavitary lung lesions that allow the differentiation between benign and malignant etiologies. Methods: We reviewed CT scans, including patients with two or more cavitary lung lesions. We evaluated the number of cavitary lesions, their location, cavity wall thickness, and additional findings, correlating the variables with the diagnosis of a benign or malignant lesion. Results: We reviewed the chest CT scans of 102 patients, 58 (56.9%) of whom were male. The average age was 50.5 ± 18.0 years. Benign and malignant lesions were diagnosed in 74 (72.6%) and 28 (27.4%) of the patients, respectively. On the CT scans, the mean number of cavities was 3, the mean wall thickness of the largest lesions was 6.0 mm, and the mean diameter of the largest lesions was 27.0 mm. The lesions were predominantly in the upper lobes, especially on the right (in 43.1%). In our comparison of the variables studied, a diagnosis of malignancy was not found to correlate significantly with the wall thickness of the largest cavity, lymph node enlargement, emphysema, consolidation, bronchiectasis, or bronchial obstruction. The presence of centrilobular nodules correlated significantly with the absence of malignant disease (p < 0.05). In contrast, a greater number of cavities correlated significantly with malignancy (p < 0.026). Conclusions: A larger number of cavitary lung lesions and the absence of centrilobular nodules may be characteristic of a malignant etiology. However, on the basis of our evaluation of the lesions in our sample, we cannot state that wall thickness is a good indicator of a benign or malignant etiology.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar os achados tomográficos de lesões escavadas pulmonares múltiplas que contribuem para a diferenciação entre etiologia benigna e maligna. Métodos: Foram revisados exames de TC, sendo incluídos pacientes com duas ou mais lesões pulmonares escavadas. Avaliaram-se a quantidade de lesões escavadas, sua localização, espessura parietal das lesões e achados adicionais, correlacionando as variáveis com a presença de diagnóstico de benignidade ou de malignidade. Resultados: Foram revisadas TCs de tórax de 102 pacientes, sendo 58 (56,9%) desses do sexo masculino. A média de idade foi de 50,5 ± 18,0 anos. Lesões benignas e malignas foram diagnosticadas em 74 pacientes (72,6%) e em 28 (27,4%), respectivamente. Quanto aos achados tomográficos, a média do número de cavidades foi 3, a da espessura média da parede da maior lesão foi de 6,0 mm, e a do diâmetro da maior lesão foi de 27,0 mm. Houve predomínio das lesões em lobos superiores, especialmente no direito (43,1%). Após a comparação das variáveis estudadas, a espessura parietal da maior escavação, assim como a presença de linfonodomegalia, enfisema, consolidação, bronquiectasias e obstrução brônquica, não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para o diagnóstico de malignidade. A presença de nódulos centrolobulares correlacionou-se significativamente com a ausência de doença maligna (p < 0,05). Observou-se também que um número maior de cavidades se correlacionou significativamente com malignidade (p < 0,026). Conclusões: Um maior número de lesões pulmonares escavadas e a ausência de nódulos centrolobulares podem ser características relacionadas à etiologia maligna. Por outro lado, a espessura parietal não permitiu a diferenciação entre etiologia benigna e maligna das lesões em nossa amostra.

EBUS-TBNA versus surgical mediastinoscopy for mediastinal lymph node staging in potentially operable non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis / EBUS-TBNA versus mediastinoscopia cirúrgica no estadiamento linfonodal mediastinal do câncer de pulmão de células não pequenas potencialmente operável: revisão sistemática e meta-análise

ABSTRACT Objective: Lung cancer (LC) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Accurate mediastinal staging is mandatory in order to assess prognosis and to select patients for surgical treatment. EBUS-TBNA is a minimally invasive procedure that allows sampling of mediastinal lymph nodes (LNs). Some studies have suggested that EBUS-TBNA is preferable to surgical mediastinoscopy for mediastinal staging of LC. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare EBUS-TBNA and mediastinoscopy in terms of their effectiveness for mediastinal LN staging in potentially operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis, in which we searched various databases. We included studies comparing the accuracy of EBUS-TBNA with that of mediastinoscopy for mediastinal LN staging in patients with NSCLC. In the meta-analysis, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios, and negative likelihood ratios. We also analyzed the risk difference for the reported complications associated with each procedure. Results: The search identified 4,201 articles, 5 of which (with a combined total of 532 patients) were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. There were no statistically significant differences between EBUS-TBNA and mediastinoscopy in terms of the sensitivity (81% vs. 75%), specificity (100% for both), positive likelihood ratio (101.03 vs. 95.70), or negative likelihood ratio (0.21 vs. 0.23). The area under the summary ROC curve was 0.9881 and 0.9895 for EBUS-TBNA and mediastinoscopy, respectively. Although the number of complications was higher for mediastinoscopy, the difference was not significant (risk difference: −0.03; 95% CI: −0.07 to 0.01; I2 = 76%). Conclusions: EBUS-TBNA and mediastinoscopy produced similar results for mediastinal staging of NSCLC. EBUS-TBNA can be the procedure of first choice for LN staging in patients with NSCLC.

RESUMO Objetivo: O câncer de pulmão (CP) é uma das principais causas de morte no mundo. Um estadiamento mediastinal preciso é obrigatório para avaliação do prognóstico e seleção de pacientes para tratamento cirúrgico. EBUS-TBNA é um procedimento minimamente invasivo que permite a amostragem de linfonodos mediastinais. Alguns estudos sugerem que a EBUS-TBNA é preferível que a mediastinoscopia cirúrgica no estadiamento mediastinal do CP. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática e meta-análise foi comparar a eficácia da EBUS-TBNA e da mediastinoscopia no estadiamento linfonodal mediastinal do câncer de pulmão de células não pequenas (CPCNP) potencialmente operável. Métodos: Foram pesquisados diversos bancos de dados. Estudos comparando a precisão da EBUS-TBNA e da mediastinoscopia no estadiamento linfonodal mediastinal em pacientes com CPCNP foram incluídos. Na meta-análise, foram calculadas sensibilidade e especificidade, bem como razões de verossimilhança positiva e negativa. A diferença de risco de complicações relatadas para cada procedimento também foi analisada. Resultados: A pesquisa identificou 4.201 artigos, dos quais 5 foram selecionados para a meta-análise (total combinado de 532 pacientes). Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre EBUS-TBNA e mediastinoscopia: sensibilidade (81% vs. 75%), especificidade (100% para ambas), razão de verossimilhança positiva (101,03 vs. 95,70) e razão de verossimilhança negativa (0,21 vs. 0,23). A área sob a curva summary ROC para EBUS-TBNA e para mediastinoscopia foi de 0,9881 e 0,9895, respectivamente. Embora o número de complicações tenha sido maior para mediastinoscopia, não foi encontrada diferença significativa (diferença de risco: −0,03; IC95%: −0,07 to 0,01; I2 = 76%). Conclusões: EBUS-TBNA e mediastinoscopia apresentaram resultados semelhantes no estadiamento mediastinal do CPCNP. EBUS-TBNA pode ser o procedimento de primeira escolha no estadiamento linfonodal em pacientes com CPCNP.