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Gelatin microspheres were discussed as a scaffold material for bone tissue engineering, with the advantages of its porosity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and biosafety highlighted. This review discusses how bone regeneration is aided by the three fundamental components of bone tissue engineering-seed cells, bioactive substances, and scaffold materials-and how gelatin microspheres can be employed for in vitro seed cell cultivation to ensure efficient expansion. This review also points out that gelatin microspheres are advantageous as drug delivery systems because of their multifunctional nature, which slows drug release and improves overall effectiveness. Although gelatin microspheres are useful for bone tissue creation, the scaffolds that take into account their porous structure and mechanical characteristics might be difficult to be created. This review then discusses typical techniques for creating gelatin microspheres, their recent application in bone tissue engineering, as well as possible future research directions.
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Tissue Engineering/methods , Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry , Gelatin/chemistry , Microspheres , Bone and Bones , PorosityABSTRACT
Flavonoids have been reported to possess significant pharmacological activities,such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. However, the low solubility and low bioavailability limits their clinical application. Nanocrystal technology can solve the delivery problems of flavonoids by reducing particle size, increasing the solubility of insoluble drugs and improving their bioavailability. This article summaries nanosuspension preparation methods and the stabilizers for flavonoid nanocrystals, and reviews the drug delivery routes including oral, Injection and transdermal of flavonoid nanocrystals, to provide information for further research on nanocrystal delivery system of flavonoids.
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Flavonoids/pharmacology , Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry , Biological Availability , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Particle SizeABSTRACT
Aim Ischemic brain injury ( IBI) is one of the main causes of death and disability worldwide.Faced with this serious disease, human beings still laek effective treatment methods.With the advancement of science and the improvement of medi¬cal standards, the basic and clinieal research of cerebrovaseular diseases continues to develop to a higher and more in-depth lev¬el.Due to the limitations of clinical researeh, animal models of eerebral ischemia have beeome an indispensable tool for studying the mechanism of cerebrovascular disease damage and prevention and treatment measures.It is necessary to construct scientific, standard and standardized experimental methods and proee- dures..Methods This artiele combines our laboratory s long-tenn praetieal experienee in preparing animal models of cerebral is¬chemia.comprehensive literature data, comparison and evalua¬tion of the characteristics of commonly used animal models.Re¬sults Standardized preparation methods and discusses the com¬mon criteria for preparing experimental animal models of cerebral Ischemia, which is the occurrence of cerebral ischemia injury.Conclusions 'Hie researeh of mechanism and the researeh and de¬velopment of prevention and treatment drugs provide reliable ex¬perimental animal models.
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Progesterone is currently the first-line drug for the treatment and prevention of threatened abortion and habitual abortion. With the gradual liberalization of China's childbirth policy, the number of elderly parturients has increased significantly. As a result, the market demand for progesterone and the individual requirements have been continuously improved. Clinical studies have found that the indications of progesterone are not limited to gynecological diseases, but can also be used for the treatment of renal colic, traumatic brain injury and other diseases. Existing progesterone preparations include oral capsules, intramuscular injections, vaginal gels, etc., but they can no longer meet the current market situation and the increase of indications. Improving existing preparations, developing new preparations, and opening up new routes of administration have become one of the directions of progesterone drug research. This article will review the research progress of new dosage forms in existing administration, new routes of administration and related preparation methods of progesterone.
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BACKGROUND: Bioscaffolds composed of acellular matrix are widely used In animal and clinical research to repair and reconstruct tissues and organs, but all decellularlzatlon methods will destroy matrix structure and function to some extent. OBJECTIVE: To review the preparation methods, advantages and disadvantages of acellular matrix and its application in the study of parotid gland and other tissue engineering. METHODS: A computer-based search of CNKI, CBM, PubMed and Elsevier databases was performed to retrieve related articles published from 2008 to 2019. The search term were “decellular matrix, preparation method, parotid gland, tissue engineering, regeneration, decellularizatlon, preparation method, parotid gland tissue engineering” In Chinese and English, respectively. Seventy-four eligible articles were Included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Acellular matrix preparation methods of most tissues and organs require chemical, biological (enzyme), physical methods and the their combination, which depend on the thickness, compositions and nature. Although not all decellularization methods can remove cellular components from tissues and organs, tissues and organs that completely remove cells have the advantage of remodeling tissue specificity, providing a favorable microenvironment for the proliferation and differentiation of inoculated cells. Due to the complex structure of the parotid gland and the challenges of tissue engineering In clinical applications, clinical transplantation In patients Is limited. In vivo studies In this field are limited to animals, and applications based on submandibular gland acellular matrix bioscaffold materials are expected to be a favorable source of organizational parotid glands.
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BACKGROUND: Calcium citrate has been used as calcium supplement, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory agent and bone repair material in biomedical fields. OBJECTIVE: To describe the basic properties of calcium citrate, summarize and discuss the preparation process of calcium citrate and its main applications in biomedical field. METHODS: The research literature related to calcium citrate was searched on the Web of science, CNKI, Medline and other databases by computer. The main key words were “calcium citrate, bone repairing material, citrate and calcium phosphate” in English and “calcium citrate, bone repair materials” in Chinese. The searching time was from February 1920 to February 2020. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the development and exploration of medical materials, it is necessary to change the original process to improve the biological activity of medical calcium citrate. It is an inevitable trend to obtain calcium citrate with various micro-morphology and high biological activity by controllable synthesis method. Calcium citrate is widely used as calcium supplement, anti-inflammatory agent, anticoagulant, bone repair material and other non-medical applications. Its advantages are being gradually explored by researchers. The preparation method plays a decisive role in the application field of calcium citrate. Different internal structure and size will bring different application fields, from the smallest chemical bond connection to the macroscopic morphology or mechanical properties. These factors may be the results of the dedicated exploration of researchers.
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BACKGROUND: Bionic porous scaffolds used in bone tissue engineering requires extracellular matrix-like nanofibrous and connected macroporous structure to effectively support cell implantation, adhesion, proliferation and other behaviors, and promote tissue regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress in nanorfibrous macroporous scaffold preparation technology for tissue engineering based on the latest relevant research trends. METHODS: The first author searched Web of Science, CNKI and Baidu academic databases to retrieve papers published from 2000 to 2019 with the search terms “bone tissue engineering, nanofibrous, macroporous, scaffolds” in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally, 58 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The scaffolds with nanofibrous structures are fabricated using three strategies, including electrospinning, thermally induced phase separation, and self-assembly process. However, bone scaffold fabricated by a single strategy failed to provide interconnected macropores to simulate the microenvironment in the body, which was necessary for cell migration, growth, differentiation, proliferation, and tissue and organ regeneration. Therefore, it is now of great practical and scientific significance to develop macroporous nanofibrous scaffold using a combination of several strategies. Three-dimensional printing technique can provide precise structure and enables the customization of the internal structure and external shape of the scaffold, which promotes the development of bone tissue engineering technique.
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Co-processed excipients are enhanced in terms of fluidity, compactness, dilution, and compressibility by restructuring the structure and function of various excipients,which has become an important basis for the high quality and high level development of high quality pharmaceutical preparations, and also an important direction for the future development of excipient industry. This paper mainly summarizes the development history, technological advantages, influencing factors, design principles, preparation methods of co-processed excipients, and summarizes the current situation of industrial development of co-processed excipients, which provides a reference for the in-depth study of composite excipients.
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Objective Amniotic fluid chromosome karyotype analysis is the golden standard for prenatal diagnosis of chromosome diseases, but its success rate is low due to many factors affecting amniotic fluid culture. The research aimed to investigate the relevant factors influencing the success rate of amniotic fluid cell in situ culture and explore the condition of karyotype preparation in order to establish a stable method to prepare amniotic fluid cell chromosome with high success rate. Methods Cell culture was done in amniotic fluid obtained from 435 pregnant women with prenatal diagnosis indications by amniocentesis. Statistical analysis was done on the relationship between the amount of amniotic fluid after centrifugal precipitation, the material of operation apparatus and the culture result, as well as the relationship between ambient temperature and humidity and karyotype dispersion degree. Results Successful culture was obtain in 406 cases out of 435 cases, with the success rate being 93.3%. According to the culture result, compared with white cell mass group, the culture success rates were significantly reduced in mass brown cell group and mass fresh red cell group (P<0.01). Compared with mass fresh red cell group, the culture success rate was significantly reduced in small fresh red cell group (P<0.01). Compared with the plastic group, the culture success rate was significantly increased in glass group (P<0.01). Compared with the plastic injector and other glass group, the culture success rate was significantly improved in glass group (P<0.05). The score of the karyotype dispersion degree showed slides made at 28℃of room temperature and 50% humidity were significantly better than those made at room temperature and humidity, 28℃ of room temperature and room humidity, room temperature and 50% humidity (P<0.01). Slides made at room temperature and 50% humidity were significantly better than those at room temperature and humidity, and 28℃ of room temperature and room humidity (P<0.01). Conclusion The methods including improving the technological level of amniocentesis, handling bloody amniotic fluid timely and correctly, and the application of glass injectors and other apparatus, can effectively improve the success rate of amniotic fluid cell culture. Controlling the environmental temperature and humidity (28℃,50%) in dispersion course contributes to qualified slides for karyotype analysis, providing safeguard for prenatal diagnosis.
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Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are gold atom aggregates less than 2 nm (excluding the ligand shell) or 150 atoms. It has been widely studied due to its small size effect, fluorescence property, and catalytic activity. In this review, research progress in the preparation of gold nanoclusters containing accurate atom numbers using biomolecules and chemically synthesized molecules as ligands have been summarized. The factors that affect the preparation of gold nanoclusters have been discussed. The applications of AuNCs having accurate atomic numbers in the fields of analyte assay, catalysis, bioimaging, and drug delivery have been introduced. This review provides references to the further researches on the preparation technology and biomedical applications of AuNCs.
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Liquid crystalline nanoparticles are composed of a certain concentration of amphiphilic lipid self-assembly in water. The attractiveness of this formulation is linked to the nanostructural versatility, compatiblity, digestiblity and bioadhesive properties of their lipid constituents, and the capability of solubilizing and sustaining the release of amphiphilic, hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. Liquid crystalline nanoparticles, as a novel drug delivery system, have great promise in drug delivery. The carrier materials, preparation methods, characterization and applications of liquid crystalline nanoparticles were reviewed based on relevant articles published in recent years to provide reference for further study of liquid crystal nanoparticles.
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Nanosuspension (also called nanocrystal suspension or nanocrystal) could significantly enhance the saturated solubility and dissolution of insoluble drugs, and improve their bioavailability by reducing particle size and increasing the specific surface, which could then solve the delivery problems of the poorly soluble active ingredients and effective parts of Chinese materia medica (CMM). Based on the brief summaries of nanosuspension preparation methods, this paper would mainly review the and behaviors of poorly soluble CMM nanosuspension, discuss and analyze its problems, so as to provide reference and thinking for the further study of nanosuspension drug delivery system of poorly soluble CMM and promote the development and perfection of nanosuspension technology in CMM.
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Biological Availability , Drug Delivery Systems , Materia Medica , Chemistry , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Nanoparticles , Particle Size , Solubility , SuspensionsABSTRACT
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in women. 75% of ovarian cancer patients were detected at an advanced stage. At present,the disease lacks effective early screening method and the clinical therapy effect is poor,which has become a serious threat to women's health. The use of animal models of ovarian cancer is an important mean to elucidate the pathogenesis of the disease,and to screen effective diagnosis and treatment. The disease models are mainly divided into four types: spontaneous, induced, transplanted and gene intervention type. Mice, rats, hens,Mirotus Fortis and Mongolian gerbil are mainly selected to prepare animal models of ovarian cancer. Based on recent literature reports,we reviewed the preparation method of animal models of ovarian cancer and introduced the evaluation standards and main characteristics of these animal models.
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Epimedii Folium, a famous traditional Chinese medicine made of dried leaves of Epimedium brevicomu, E. pubescens, E. sagittatum or E. koreanum, has been applied in China for several thousand years as a medicine. It has the function of reinforcing kidney Yang, strengthening muscles and bones and dispelling rheumatism. Modern studies have shown that baohuoside Ⅰ has a low content in Herba Epimedii, but it has a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as anti-osteoporosis, anti-tumor, improving cognitive dysfunction, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury protection, and neuroprotection. More and more attention has been paid to the preparation methods and pharmacological effects of baohuoside Ⅰ due to its many biological activities and pharmacological effects. In this present research, in order to provide references for the better mass preparation and rational exploitation of baohuoside Ⅰ, we summarized and sorted out the preparation methods and pharmacological effects of baohuoside Ⅰ which were published in recent years.
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The regulator does not encourage the use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a cell culture supplement to reduce the risk of zoonosis and heterogeneous immune responses.In addition,FBS production is subject to strict examination because of animal welfare principles.Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the platelet lysate (PL) showed a faster growth rate,while maintaining good osteogenic differentiation,PL also have the key factors of MSC attachment,biological safety and immune regulation ability after MSC amplification.PL was proposed as an altemative to MSC in vitro expansion of FBS.This paper briefly introduces the latest research on the field of PL amplification in vitro.
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Objective: To study the preparation method and process optimization of methylphenidate hydrochloride biphasic controlled-release osmotic pump tablets.Methods: Based on the preparation technology of double-layer osmotic pump slow-release tablets and combined with the principle of biphasic drug release behavior, the two-release preparation with two different release phases was prepared.Through the single-factor investigation of the drug-containing layer and the booster layer, the amount of the auxiliary materials was determined.The optimum compression method and the optimum coating parameters were obtained by studying the process parameters of tabletting and coating.Results: The prepared methylphenidate biphasic controlled-release osmotic pump tablets had two different release phases.The methylphenidate hydrochloride controlled-release osmotic pump tablets produced by the optimal formulat were good in appearance and reproducibility of drug content.In vitro release curves showed that the drug was released rapidly in the intial 0-2 hour time interval and was in line with zero-order release in 2-10 hour with good reproducibility.Conclusion: The preparation method is scientific, simple and complete, and can be used for preparation of methylphenidate hydrochloride biphasic controlled-release osmotic pump tablets.
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Nanogels combine the advantages of hydrogels and nanoparticles, such as small particle size, prolonged blood circulation time, biocompatibility, biodegradation and high drug loading. Common carrier materials is used for the preparation of nanogels include polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, pluronic, polysaccharide and their derivates. They can be cross-linked based on amine reaction, "click" chemistry, photo-induced cross-linking, physical cross-linking or heterogeneous polymerization of monomers to form nanogel carrier systems. Nanogels, as ideal and novel drug delivery systems, have great promise in the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs, proteins and genes. The carrier materials, preparation methods and applications of nanogels were reviewed based on relevant articles published in recent years.
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Objective: A method of reversed phase high performance liquid chromatogram-light scattering detector (RP-HPLC-ELSD) was developed to separate and prepare a large number of 25-OH-PPD epimeric mixture, in order to explore the best separation conditions between method of continuous sampling interval and off-line preparation method. Methods: The separation consequence of the method of continuous sampling interval and off-line preparation method were investigated respectively, under different proportion of mobile phase and concentration of sample volume, the optimum preparation method was screened by comparing the efficiency and transfer rate. Results: The suitable operation conditions of the two methods and the result of the preparation were obtained: method of continuous sampling interval as follow: the mobile phase is methanol and water (83:17), and the volume flow and injection volume are 20 mg/mL and 1 mL, respectively, while the flow rate is 20 mL/min; Under above conditions the preparation efficiency of 20(S)-25-OH-PPD and 20(R)-25-OH-PPD is 18.01 and 35.36 mg/h, respectively; Off-line preparation method, the mobile phase is methanol and water (81:19), and the volume flow and injection volume is 200 mg/mL and 2.5 mL, while the flow rate is 20 mL/min, The preparation efficiency of 20(S)-25-OH-PPD and 20(R)-25-OH-PPD is 50.55 and 51.93 mg/h, respectively. Conclusion: Preparation efficiency of off-line preparation method is higher than that of the method of continuous sampling interval; This method is convenient and reliable and has large amount of 20(S)-25-OH-PPD and 20(R)-25-OH-PPD, which can establish a good foundation for the separation and preparation of 25-OH-PPD isomer.
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Objective To make the chromosome karyotype analysis of 130 patients with leukemia by using the improved chromosome short-term culture method.Methods We optimized the main factors with a single factor gradient experiment in short-term culture of bone marrow chromosome, including colchicines concentration, duration of action of colchicines,and hypotonic time.On this basis,we conducted the three-factors and three-level orthogonal experiment to achieve improved bone marrow chromosome preparation system,which was later applied in 130 patients with leukemia in our hospital.Results The orthogonal experiment results showed that the optimum conditions were colchicines concentration of 0.07 μg/mL,colchicines action time of 80 min,and hypotonic time of 35 min during the preparation of the bone marrow chromosome.Using this method,the chromosome preparation success rate reached 97.69% and the detection rate of abnormal karyotype reached 82.3% in the chromosome karyotype analysis.Conclusion Bone marrow chromosome preparation system with colchicines concentration of 0.07 μg/mL and colchicines action time of 80 min,and hypotonic time of 35 min is worthy of clinical promotion.
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Objective To introduce a improved method for the production of hemoglobin liquid by use of the hemoglobin electro‐phoresis alkaline .Methods First ,we used the pipette to absorb the settlement of red blood cells from a batch of EDTA anticoagula‐ted whole blood specimens ,then dropped them into the 0 .9% saline washed human erythrocytes .With the help of the pipette nozzle we pipet from the liquid surface to bottom repeatedly ,made the red cells suspended in the liquid evenly .The samples should be cen‐trifuged and the red blood cells fully deposited at the bottom ,then poured the supernatant after centrifugation to remove the impuri‐ties in plasma and leave the allowance of red blood cells .We add distilled water or hemolysin to lysis RBC .Hands up test tubes rack using wrist gently back and forth several times until the hemolysis was clear and transparent .Results Compared the results of the modified method and the traditional method ,then the two results compared with the results of HPLC recommended by international association of thalassemia method .Compared the results of three screening methods with that of the thalassemia gene identification method .So we could objectively evaluate the reliability of the test .Conclusion The result of the improved method are same to the electrophoretogram by SOP operation ,it will be more efficient and reduce the cost of reagent .The whole process of preparing hemo‐globin solution doesn′t contact with any chemical reagent .So there will be no pollution to the environment ,and it also reduces the harmful of toxic reagent to the human body .