Task Analysis On Maintenance Worker (Rail Grinder) Of Light Rail Transit (LRT)

@#Rail maintenance routines are necessary to enable the all rail operations to achieve its aim in maintaining a safe and efficient operation. The maintenance tasks expose the workers to vibration and noise, as they handle specialized machineries and heavy self-propelled vehicles. Exposure of noise above the permissible exposure limit and over the daily allowable duration may cause noise-induce hearing loss (NIHL). Investigation on the type of task that has high noise level exposure on the maintenance workers was conducted to justify the needs to further detailed of this study. This paper will describe the task analysis on maintenance workers and to identify possible tasks with exposure to high level of noise. It scopes down to grinding crew of the maintenance department of light rail transit. Methods used were real-time sound measurement using a sound level meter, observation and interviews. Then, data were analysed to understand the situation of exposure of noise during rail maintenance. An ergonomic risk assessment was also conducted by adoption of the latest guideline on Ergonomic Risk Assessment (ERA) at Workplace Guidelines recommended by Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), Malaysia. A hierarchical task analysis (HTA) was generated on the task of the maintenance worker, focusing on rail grinding crew. The newly generated HTA had allowed better understanding about the nature of work and the task conducted by a rail grinder during the work shifts. Tasks involving high noise level was identified. Data recorded shows that the noise level for the blowing activity was relatively high and exceeded the permissible exposure limit of 90dBA. The exposure level was currently controlled by practicing the usage of hearing protection equipment (HPE) and by controlling exposure time in accordance to recommendations of the Factory and Machinery Act (FMA). Thus, it had confirmed that maintenance workers were exposed to high noise levels when performing their daily task. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between the duration of exposure and noise-induce hearing loss (NIHL) with consideration of the lifestyles of the maintenance workers.

Characterizing the pattern of rally times and complexes in school volleyball / Caracterização do padrão dos tempos de rallies e dos complexos no voleibol escolar

ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize the pattern of rally times and complexes in school volleyball. A total of 52 matches were analyzed, all video recorded on a digital camera. Rally times were analyzed along with their intervals, and complexes as well as actions in the rallies were quantified and characterized. Results show that school volleyball has an interval time between rallies 2.5x higher than the rally time, characterizing it as an intermittent sport of short-length high intensity. Younger and female teams performed a lower number of complexes and actions, reducing the rally time, but had more interval times between rallies, promoting lower match density. The pattern of rally times, complex type frequencies and number of actions in volleyball are similar to those of high-performance game. It was also possible to observe that interval time did not change between rally times. However, they differ as to number of complexes per rally and to played time density for presenting longer rally times and shorter intervals. It is concluded that male Under-17 school volleyball has more similarities with the patterns of rallies and complexes as high-performance volleyball.

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou caracterizar o padrão dos tempos de rally e dos complexos no voleibol escolar. Analisou-se 52 jogos, que foram gravados em filmadora digital. Avaliou-se os tempos de rallies e seus intervalos, a densidade do set, além de quantificar e caracterizar os complexos e as ações nos rallies. Os resultados mostram que o voleibol escolar exibe tempo de intervalo entre rallies 2,5x maior que o tempo de rally, caracterizando-o como um esporte intermitente de alta intensidade em curta duração. Equipes escolares mais jovens e femininas realizam menores números de complexos e de ações, reduzindo o tempo de rally, porém, elevam o tempo de intervalos entre rallies promovendo menor densidade de jogo. O voleibol escolar exibe padrão dos tempos de rallies, frequências dos tipos de complexos e número de ações similares aos de alto rendimento. Também verificou-se que o tempo de intervalo não altera entre os tipos de rallies. Todavia, diferem na quantidade de complexos por rally e na densidade de tempo jogado, devido apresentar maior tempo de rally e menor de intervalos. Conclui-se que o voleibol escolar Sub17 masculino exibe maiores similaridades nos padrões de rallies e complexos ao voleibol de alto rendimento.

Intensive simplified home-based task-oriented training in stroke patients with unilateral lower limb motor dysfunction: A preliminary application analysis / 中国脑血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate the preliminary application effect in intensive simplified home-based task-oriented training in stroke patients with unilateral lower limb motor dysfunction. Methods: From May 2016 to October 2018,30 chronic stage stroke patients with unilateral lower limb motor dysfunction for outpatient rehabilitation training at the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University were enrolled retrospectively. According to the rehabilitation methods, 30 patients were divided into either a general rehabilitation training group (re = 15) or an intensive home-based task-oriented training group (re = 15). Both groups of patients underwent routine rehabilitation guidance at the rehabilitation medicine clinic (3 times a week) and intensive family rehabilitation training (2h/d) for 4 weeks. (1) The general rehabilitation training group used routine home rehabilitation training,including sloping board standing, standing up-sitting down, bending legs-stretching legs, standing forward and backward step training,and walking training under protection. The training frequency was 2 h/d,5 d/week. (2) In the family rehabilitation, the simplified task-oriented training group decomposes the " stepping" action into three exercises: ankle joint eversion, hip knee flexion with ankle dorsiflexion, hip knee extension with ankle dorsiflexion. Fugl-Meyer motor assessment-lower extremity (FMA-LE), Berg Balance Scale (BBS),Timed Up and Go (TUG) test were compared before and after treatment. Results: (1) There were significant differences in FMA-LE scores, groups and time interaction before and after treatment between the two groups (F - 483. 64, P < 0. 01). The FMA-LE scores of the general rehabilitation training group before and after treatment were 20 ± 4 and 21 ±4 respectively, while those of the simplified task-oriented training group before and after treatment were 22 ± 4 and 25 ± 6 respectively. There were no significance before treatment between the two groups (P = 0.25). After treatment, the simplified task-oriented training group was superior to the general rehabilitation training group,and the difference between both groups was statistically significant (P = 0.003). The FMA-LE scores of the two groups were better than those of the groups before treatment. The differences before and after treatment were statistically significant (all P<0.01). (2) The BBS scores before and after treatment were compared,and there was significant difference in the groups and time interaction (F = 2 375. 69, P < 0. 01). The BBS scores of the general rehabilitation training group before and after treatment were 45. 3 ± 1. 0 and 46. 4 ± 1. 3 respectively, while those of the simplified task-oriented training group before and after treatment were 46.8 ± 1.4 and 49.7 ± 1.2 respectively. There was no significant difference in BBS scores between the two groups (P =0.09). The BBS scores of the two groups were better than those of the groups before treatment, and the differences before and after treatment were statistically significant (all P<0.01). (3) There were significant differences in TUG before and after treatment in the groups and time interaction (F = 259. 56, P < 0. 01). TUG of the general rehabilitation training group before and after treatment were 20.0 ±7. 1 and 19.3 ± 7. 5 s respectively, while TUG of the simplified task-oriented training group before and after treatment were 20. 9 ± 1. 6 and 16.9 ± 1.2s respectively. There was no significant difference in TUG between the two groups (P =0.79). There was no significant difference in TUG between the general rehabilitation group before and after treatment (P = 0. 11). The TUG of the simplified task-oriented training group was shorter than that before treatment,and the difference was statistically significant before and after treatment (P<0.01). Conclusions: Intensive simplified home-based task-oriented training and intensive home-based general rehabilitation training are helpful to improve lower limb basic motor function, balance function, and motor control ability in patients with chronic lower limb motor dysfunction. Intensive simplified home-based task-oriented training is slightly superior to intensive home-based general rehabilitation training in improving basic motor function of lower limbs. The two training methods have similar effects in terms of balance function and walking speed.

Estrutura das tarefas de treinamento em modalidades esportivas coletivas: análise da produção científica / Structure of practice tasks in collective sports: analysis of scientific production / Estructura de las tareas de entrenamiento en modalidades deportivas colectivas: análisis de la producción científica

O objetivo deste estudo foi mapear as investigações que analisaram a estrutura das tarefas de treinamento em equipes de categorias de formação de modalidades esportivas coletivas, considerando as variáveis pedagógicas (tipo de conteúdos, fases de jogo e situações de jogo) e organizativas (tempo total da tarefa, tempo útil e tipo de participação). Foram empregadas três buscas de informação: bases de indexação; sites de periódicos; e referências dos artigos rastreados nas duas primeiras buscas. A abrangência temporal dos estudos correspondeu aos anos de 2000 a 2017. Os resultados elucidaram que, nas variáveis pedagógicas, as tarefas pautaram-se em treinamentos de condutas táticas (tipo de conteúdo), de ações mistas (fases de jogo) e situações de igualdade numérica (situações de jogo). Na variável organizativa, as tarefas indicaram predomínio da participação consecutiva nos treinamentos (tipo de participação)

This study maps research on the structure of practice tasks in teams from beginner categories in collective sports modalities, considering pedagogical (type of content; game stages; and game situations) and organizational (total time of the task; useful time; and type of participation) variables. Three information searches were conducted: on indexation databases; journal's websites; and references from the articles found in the first two searches. The studies' time scope was 2000-2017. The results showed that, regarding pedagogical variables, tasks were based on tactical behaviors (type of content), mixed actions (game stages), and situations of numerical equality (game situations). Regarding the organizational variable, the tasks indicated predominance of consecutive participation in the practice (type of participation)

El objetivo de este estudio fue mapear las investigaciones que analizaron la estructura de las tareas de entrenamiento en equipos de categorías de formación de modalidades deportivas colectivas, considerando las variables pedagógicas (tipo de contenidos, fases de juego y situaciones de juego) y organizativas (tiempo total de la tarea, tiempo útil y tipo de participación). Se utilizaron tres búsquedas de información: bases de indexación; sitios web de periódicos; y referencias de los artículos rastreados en las dos primeras búsquedas. El alcance temporal de los estudios correspondió a los años 2000 a 2017. Los resultados elucidaron que, en las variables pedagógicas, las tareas se pautaron en entrenamientos de conductas tácticas (tipo de contenido), de acciones mixtas (fases de juego) y situaciones de igualdad numérica (situaciones de juego). En la variable organizativa, las tareas indicaron predominio de la participación consecutiva en los entrenamientos (tipo de participación)

Relationship between tactical and technical performance in youth soccer players / Relação entre desempenhos tático e técnico em jovens jogadores de futebol

Abstract Soccer performance is multifactorial and is characterized by the interaction of technical, tactical, physical, physiological, and psychological components; however, few studies have investigated the direct relationship between these components in soccer players. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between tactical performance indices (offensive and defensive) and passing, dribbling and shooting technical skills. The FUT-SAT test was used to evaluate tactical behavior and the General Soccer Ability Skill Test Battery to assess technical performance. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Spearman's correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. A low correlation was observed between tactical indices (offensive and defensive) and technical skills (shooting, pass and dribbling). Low correlations were also found between the dribbling skill and penetration/width and length with the ball, and between the shot on goal skill and shooting on goal during the game. These results indicate a gap between the knowledge of "how to do it", i.e., technical skills, and the knowledge of "what to do", i.e., tactical knowledge. This gap highlights the need to improve the assessment of technical skills, which should also occur in the game context, such as small-sided games. We conclude that offensive and defensive tactical performance is poorly correlated with passing, dribbling and shooting technical skills in youth soccer players.

Resumo Componentes técnicas, táticas, físicas e fisiológicas participam no desempenho de jogadores de futebol, contudo, pouco investigou-se acerca das relações entre estas variáveis. Este estudo objetivou comparar o Índice de Perfomance Tática - Ofensivo e Defensivo - com o desempenho técnico em condução, passe e chute a gol. Utilizou-se o FUT-SAT para avaliar o comportamento tático, e o teste de habilidades e destrezas técnicas, para avaliar o desempenho técnico dos futebolistas. Realizou-se a análise estatística através do teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk e do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Observou-se uma correlação de baixa intensidade entre os Índices de Performance Tática ofensivo e defensivo e o desempenho nos testes de remate, passe e condução, e uma baixa correlação entre condução e Penetração/Espaço com bola e remates à baliza. Os resultados apontam para o distanciamento entre saber "como fazer", ou seja, dominar a habilidade técnica, e o saber "o que fazer", entendido como o conhecimento tático, na medida em que é necessário que a avaliação do desempenho técnico se dê também em contextos mais próximos do jogo de Futebol, a exemplo de situações de Pequenos Jogos. Conclui-se que a performance tática - ofensiva e defensiva - de jovens jogadores de futebol relaciona-se em baixa intensidade com o desempenho técnico em condução, drible e remate ao gol.

Aprendizaje de habilidades de autorregulación en niños de 5 a 7 años / Self-regulation skills learning in children aged 5 to 7

La autorregulación es un componente de la metacognición que se relaciona con el aprendizaje eficaz. Esto puede ser especialmente relevante en entornos de desventaja social. Por ello, los objetivos de este trabajo son: (a) comprobar si la enseñanza de estrategias de autorregulación a niños pequeños con desventaja social, mejora sus habilidades de resolución de tareas; (b) evaluar la eficacia de un programa de enseñanza de estrategias de autorregulación, desde la perspectiva del profesorado. Se trabajó con una muestra de 43 sujetos con edades comprendidas entre 5 y 7 años. Los resultados indican que existen mejoras significativas, antes-después de la aplicación del programa, en habilidades: atencionales, de planificación manifiesta guiada y autónoma, de planificación encubierta y de autoevaluación en la resolución de problemas cognitivos y sociales. Paralelamente, el profesorado considera que el programa ha mejorado, en sus alumn os: los niveles atencionales y la generalización de las estrategias a otras actividades curriculares. En consecuencia, se considera, al programa de enseñanza en estrategias de autorregulación, una herramienta efectiva y motivadora para la docencia en entor nos de compensación educativa (niños pequeños en desventaja social).

Self-regulation is a component of metacognition that is related to effective learning. This may be especially relevant in social disadvantaged environments. The objectives of this work are: (a) To check whether the teaching of self-regulation strategies to young children with social disadvantage, improves their problem solving skills; (b) To evaluate the effectiveness of a self-regulation strategies teaching program from the teachers' perspective. For this purpose, a sample of 43 subjects aged between 5 and 7 was used. The results indicate that there are significant differences in skills involving attention, guided and autonomous state planning, covert planning and self-evaluation in cognitive and social problem-solving. Similarly, teachers consider that the program improved attention levels and generalization of strategies towards other curricular activities in their pupils. Consequently, the self-regulation strategies teaching program is considered as an effective and motivating tool for teaching in compensatory education environments (socially disadvantaged children).

An evaluation of self -efficacy application on the rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients after ischemic stroke / 预防医学

Objective To evaluate the effect of self -efficacy training on hemiplegic patients after ischemic stroke. Methods Sixty cases were randomly divided into control group (n =30 )and self -efficacy training group (n =30).The self -efficacy group received rehabilitation training according to the self -efficacy theory (5 times /week, 40 min /per time,1 0 weeks of intervention).The movement and balance function were evaluated using Fugl -Meyer score (FMA)and the activities of daily living were evaluated by the task analysis scale and Barthel index.The self -efficacy level and quality of life were evaluated by the general self -efficacy scale (GSES)and medical outcomes study (SF -36).Results The scores of FMA,Barthel,SF -36 and GSES had no significant differences between the two groups before training (P >0.05 )and all indexes improved after training.Six scores of Barthel and all scores of FMA,SF -36 and GSES of self -efficacy group were significantly higher than those of control group after training (all P <0.05 ).Conclusion Self -efficacy application could improve the motor function on the rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients after ischemic stroke.

Diseño de un escenario educativo para museos con el uso de TRIZ y ACT / Design of a Learning Scenario for Museums Using TRIZ and ACT / Desenho de um cenário educativo para museus com o uso de TRIZ e ACT

Objetivo. Se realizó un trabajo interdisciplinario que utilizó la Teoría de solución de problemas inventivos (TRIZ) y el Análisis cognitivo de tareas (ACT) para orientar el diseño de un escenario de aprendizaje para un museo de ciencias naturales. Método. Participaron 23 personas: seis ingenieros de sistemas, un ingeniero industrial, un ingeniero eléctrico, dos psicólogas, un biólogo, una bioquímica, un físico, un técnico museológico, un historiador, un guía de museo, un diseñador gráfico y seis estudiantes de ingeniería. El proceso de análisis fue realizado en dos fases: en la primera, se analizó el componente técnico del problema utilizando TRIZ; en la segunda, se analizó el componente educativo utilizando el ACT. Resultados. La aplicación de TRIZ permitió identificar que el escenario de aprendizaje debía ser divertido, durable, de fácil uso e integración del uso de nuevas tecnologías con fines educativos, y que debía implicar poca asistencia de los guías del museo. El ACT posibilitó entender que la función principal del escenario de aprendizaje era promover la comprensión de conceptos involucrados en la relación entre personas, humedales y aves migratorias. Para ello, se diseñó la estructura de un videojuego educativo. Conclusión. El diseño de este videojuego prioriza los componentes educativos, que promueven la conservación ambiental, sin descuidar el componente de entretenimiento, equilibrio que parece difícil de lograr en diseños de aplicaciones de interacción humano - computador, en los cuales se privilegia la diversión, el uso de recursos tecnológicos sofisticados y el sentido estético.

Objetive. This interdisciplinary study used the Theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) and Cognitive task analysis (CTA) to address the problem of designing learning scenarios. Method. The study was conducted in a natural science museum in Cali, Colombia to solve the educational problem of teaching visitors about migratory birds who arrive at Colombian wetlands. The design process was conducted in two phases. The first analyzed the technical component of the problem with TRIZ, and the second analyzed the educational component with CTA. The analysis involved 23 participants: six systems engineers, a mechanical engineer, an electrical engineer, two psychologists, two biologists, a physicist, a museum technician, a historian, a museum guide, a graphic designer, and six engineering students. Results. The TRIZ application makes it possible to conclude that the learning scenario should be easy to use, durable and fun. Also, the learning scenario should exhibit minimal assistance of museum guides and the use of new technologies directed toward the educational objective. The CTA makes it possible to understand that the main function of the learning scenario was to promote the visitors understanding of the concepts involved in the relationships among man, wetlands and migratory birds. Conclusion. The design of this game gives priority to the educational factors, promoting environmental conservation, without neglecting the entertainment component. A balance between them seems difficult to achieve in human-computer interaction application designs on which the focus is generally on fun, using sophisticated technological resources and aesthetic sense.

Escopo. Foi feito um trabalho interdisciplinar que utilizou a Teoria de solução de problemas inventivos (TRIZ) e o Análise cognitivo de tarefas (ACT) para orientar o desenho de um cenário de aprendizagem para um museu de ciências naturais. Metodologia. Participaram 23 pessoas: seis engenheiros de sistemas, um engenheiro industrial, um engenheiro eléctrico, psicólogas, um biólogo, uma bioquímica, um físico, um técnico museológico, um historiador, um guia de museu, um desenhador gráfico e seis estudantes de engenheira. O processo de análise foi feito em duas fases. Na primeira, foi analisado o componente técnico do problema usando TRIZ, na segunda, foi analisado o componente educativo utilizando o ACT. Resultados. A aplicação de TRIZ permitiu identificar que o cenário de aprendizagem devia ser divertido, durável, de fácil uso e integração do uso de novas tecnologias com fins educativos, e que devia implicar pouca assistência dos guias do museu. O ACT possibilitou entender que a função principal do cenário de aprendizagem era promover a compreensão de conceitos involucrados na relação entre pessoas, pantanais e aves migratórias. Para isto, foi desenhada a estrutura de um videojogo educativo. Conclusão. O desenho de este videojogo prioriza os componentes educativos, que promovem a conservação ambiental, sem descuidar o componente de entretenimento, equilíbrio que parece difícil de lograr em desenhos de aplicações de interação humano-computador, nos quais privilegia-se a diversão, o uso de recursos tecnológicos sofisticados e o sentido estético.

Orientaciones de meta en Educación Física y nivel de actividad físico-deportiva en estudiantes mexicanos / Goal Orientation in Physical Education and Physical Activity Level on Mexican Students

Se evalúan las orientaciones de meta en Educación Física de estudiantes mexicanos, así como las diferencias según sexo, edad, implicación en actividad físico-deportiva y nivel de práctica habitual. Se administró un cuestionario por autorreporte a 1.083 estudiantes mexicanos regiomontanos de secundaria (12-16 años; error ± 3 %, IC = 95.5 %), por muestreo polietápico estratificado por afijación proporcional y conglomerados. El análisis factorial confirmatorio apoyó el modelo teórico hipotetizado de dos factores para TEOSQ-12EF, mostrando excelente bondad de ajuste del modelo original. Tanto chicos como chicas tienen, principalmente, una orientación a la tarea, estando los chicos más orientados al ego que las chicas. Según aumenta el nivel de actividad física, incrementa la orientación al ego y a la tarea.

Are assessed goal orientations in physical education of Mexican students and differences by sex, age, involvement in regular exercise and practice level? Self- administered questionnaire about habitual physical activity was administered in 1083 high school Mexican students (12/16 years; error ± 3%, CI = 95.5%) using a multistage sampling stratification by proportional affix and by conglomerates. Factor analysis confirmatory supported the hypothesized theoretical model of two factors for TEOSQ-12EF showing excellent goodness of fit of the original model. Both boys and girls have primarily a task orientation, with boys more ego-oriented than girls. With increasing levels of physical activity, increases task and ego orientations.

Comparison of Job Tasks and Task Elements of Korean Nurse Anesthetists by Type of Medical Institution: Hospital, General Hospital and Higher General Hospital / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify job tasks and task elements of Korean nurse anesthetists according to type of medical institution. METHODS: A job task scale which consisted of 9 job tasks and 40 task elements was developed. Data were collected from December, 2009 to February, 2010 from 182 nurse anesthetists who were working in medical institutions (response rate: 75.8%). RESULTS: Forty-eight percent of nurse anesthetists were independent from anesthesiologists in anesthetic practice. Preanesthetic nursing assessment was much more frequent in small hospitals than in general hospitals (p<.05), and anesthetic nursing intervention, administering the anesthetics, monitoring the patient's status during anesthesia, and provision of safety and compliance with anesthetic ethics were much more frequent in general hospitals than medical centers (p<.001). There were no differences among the medical institutions for job tasks in post-anesthetic nursing interventions (p=.229), administering anesthetics (p=.354) and monitoring patients' status during anesthesia (p=.099), providing safe anesthetic environment (p=.896), and management of ancillary personnel/equipment (p=.617). CONCLUSION: Results indicate that nurse anesthetists contribute significantly to anesthetic practice in small hospitals and general hospitals. Therefore, it recommended that nursing leaders make efforts to enact legal nurse anesthetist-related policies for safe and high quality anesthetic nursing care.

Task Analysis of the Job Description of Rehabilitation Nurse based on DACUM / 재활간호학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop and to analyze the duty and the task of rehabilitation nurse in Korea. METHOD: The definition of rehabilitation nurse and job description was developed based on developing curriculum(DACUM) by panels who have experienced in DACUM analysis and rehabilitation nursing. 228 nurses who were working at rehabilitation centers and rehabilitation unit in general hospitals were participated. The questionnaire included frequency, importance, and difficulty of duties and tasks. The data were collected in March and April 2009, analyzed by descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The job description of rehabilitation nurse in Korea revealed 11 duties, and 61 tasks. On the all 11 duties, the highest duty in frequency and importance was direct nursing care (2.47+/-.31, 2.77+/-.28) and the highest duty in difficulty was self-development (2.39+/-.48). Among the tasks of duties 'direct nursing care' in 'manage medication' (2.87+/-.35) in frequency, the task 'prevent and manage bedsore' (2.91+/-.31) of duty 'direct nursing care' in importance, and 'cope emergency situations' (2.72~.49) of duty direct nursing care in difficulty showed the highest degree. CONCLUSION: The political efforts for the legislation of role and task of rehabilitation nurse were needed.

Task Analysis of the Job Description of Gerontological Nurse Practitioners based on DACUM

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop and to analyze the task of gerontological nurse practitioners (GNPs) in Korea. METHODS: The definition of GNP and job description was developed based on developing a curriculum (DACUM) by 7 panels who have experienced in DACUM analysis and gerontological nursing. One hundred sixty nurses who were working at long term care facilities were participated. The questionnaire included frequency, importance, and difficulty of duties, tasks, and task elements. The data were collected in November 2006, analyzed by descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The job description of GNPs in Korea revealed 5 duties, 23 tasks, and 86 task elements. On the all five duties, the highest duty in frequency and in importance was professional nursing care (3.25+/-0.35, 3.49+/-0.29). But the highest duty in difficulty was research (3.24+/-0.46). 'Prevent health problem (3.42+/-0.43, 3.56+/-0.33)', 'Teach other staffs (2.83+/-0.77, 3.39+/-0.43)', 'Develop the evidence-based standards (2.43+/-0.76, 3.22+/-0.43)', 'Develop the self (2.81+/-0.65, 3.26+/-0.42)', and 'Participate the team activities' were the highest score in frequency and in criticality of tasks. 'Provide emotional support to older adults and families (3.16+/-0.41)', 'Counsel older adults and their families (3.14+/-0.49)', 'Do clinical research (3.32+/-0.49)', 'Quality insurance (3.25+/-0.49)', and 'Build collaborative system (3.18+/-0.47)' were perceived the most difficult tasks. CONCLUSION: The political efforts for the legislation of role and task of GNPs were needed.

Performance and Importance Analysis of Dietitian's Task in Public Health Nutrition Areas / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to analyze task performance and importance level of the dietitian who is working in the public health nutrition area. Work oriented job analysis methodology was employed for the study purpose. Subjects of 38 dietitians currently working at health centers in 2002 were recruited. Based on the focus group interview with 7 public health nutritionists and 7 professors, information about task elements was collected. Questionnaires measuring work performance and self-perception of importance of the selected task elements were administered. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1) The tasks with high performance and importance level among 20 tasks are developing nutrition education material (B1), nutrition services for adults and the elderly (C3), writing the proposal for nutrition services (A2), evaluating service effect (A4), improving professionalism (E1), and self management (E2). 2) The task elements with high performance and importance level among weekly task elements are nutrition education for diabetes (C56), nutrition counseling for adults (C47), nutrition for hypertension (C53), managing and keeping records (C80), nutrition education for kindergarten and nursery school children (C42), searching for nutrition education materials (B26), and searching for media (B27). 3) The number of task elements with high performance and importance level among monthly task elements are 13 in the planning and evaluation of public health nutrition service, and 5 in developing nutrition education materials. The tasks of a dietitian in the public health center show a very wide spectrum. However dietitians recognize most of the tasks are important even though they cannot perform those tasks adequately.

Performance and Importance Analysis of Dietitian's Task in Public Health Nutrition Areas / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to analyze task performance and importance level of the dietitian who is working in the public health nutrition area. Work oriented job analysis methodology was employed for the study purpose. Subjects of 38 dietitians currently working at health centers in 2002 were recruited. Based on the focus group interview with 7 public health nutritionists and 7 professors, information about task elements was collected. Questionnaires measuring work performance and self-perception of importance of the selected task elements were administered. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1) The tasks with high performance and importance level among 20 tasks are developing nutrition education material (B1), nutrition services for adults and the elderly (C3), writing the proposal for nutrition services (A2), evaluating service effect (A4), improving professionalism (E1), and self management (E2). 2) The task elements with high performance and importance level among weekly task elements are nutrition education for diabetes (C56), nutrition counseling for adults (C47), nutrition for hypertension (C53), managing and keeping records (C80), nutrition education for kindergarten and nursery school children (C42), searching for nutrition education materials (B26), and searching for media (B27). 3) The number of task elements with high performance and importance level among monthly task elements are 13 in the planning and evaluation of public health nutrition service, and 5 in developing nutrition education materials. The tasks of a dietitian in the public health center show a very wide spectrum. However dietitians recognize most of the tasks are important even though they cannot perform those tasks adequately.

Task Analysis of Korean Geriatric Care Managers / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was designed to create a job description for Korean geriatric care managers and examine performance frequency, importance, and difficulty of task elements. METHOD: The sample consisted of 38 geriatric care managers and professors who performed duties related to geriatric care management at community based-facilities in Korea. A survey method was used, and the questionnaire included frequency, importance, and difficulty of task elements in job descriptions using the DACUM method. Using SPSS WIN 10.0, descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, means, and standard deviation were conducted to examine the subject's general characteristics, frequency, importance, and difficulties of task performance. RESULT: The job descri ption of geriatric care managers revealed 10 duties, 34 tasks, and 105 task elements. On all ten duties, the average performance frequency, importance, and difficulty was 2.55, 2.21 and 2.43 respectively. CONCLUSION: The job description of geriatric care managers includes duty, task, and task elements and the definition of a completed job. Thus we recommend a data based trial to confirm and validate the information gathered.

Task Analysis of Korean Transplantation Nurse Practitioner / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was designed to create the job description of Korean transplantation nurse practitioner and examine performance frequencies, criticality, and difficulties of task elements. METHOD: The sample consisted of 63 nurses and coordinators who performed duties related to transplantation at medical center in Korea. A survey method was used, and the questionnaire included frequencies, criticality, and difficulties of task elements in job description by the DACUM method. Using SPSS WIN 10.0, descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, means, and standard deviations were conducted to examine the subject's general characteristics, the frequencies, criticality, and difficulties of task performance. RESULT: The job description of transplantation nurse practitioners revealed 5 duties, 22 tasks, and 85 task elements. On the all five duties, the averages of the performance frequency, criticality, and difficulty were 2.41, 3.38, and 2.78, meaning that the respondents rarely perform the 5 duties, but consider them critical and easy to perform. CONCLUSION: The job description of the transplantation nurse practitioner included duty, task, and task element and definition of job completed. Thus we recommended a data based trial to confirm and validate the information gathered.

Analysis of the tasks of and demands for health human resources in the laboratory specialty of the hospital / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To determine the tasks that health human resources of technicians in the medical laboratory specialty ought to fulfill, the factors that affect performance and the estimation of demands. Methods Such methods as analyzing medical records, tasks and health demands were used. Results The current situation of health human resources of technicians is as follows: Those with intermediate, junior or no professional titles respectively account for 46.5%, 36.5% and 11.6%; those with a master's or a bachelor's degree or a degree from a polytechnic college or school respectively account for 2.0%, 8.2%, 42.9% and 40.8%; and others account for 6.1%. The average utilization ratio of laboratory service by inpatients and outpatients is respectively 96.7% and 49.5%; and the average utilization of laboratory service per inpatient and per outpatient is respectively 12.5 and 2.2 times. Of the average daily service volume, emergency, outpatient and inpatient, microbiological, immune serum, and biochemical tests respectively account for 8.3%, 3.0%, 8.1%, 7.8% and 72.8%. The chief tasks of the technicians are performing laboratory operations and assisting the physicians with the reporting of the laboratory results. The demand for health human resources of technicians in the laboratory specialty in the hospitals across the country numbers 89 920 people. Conclusion The results of the study will provide health administrative departments, medical institutions and medical education departments with basis for strengthening human resources management and formulating educational plans.