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【Objective】 To explore the epidemiological features and relational factors of accidental death among children under 5 years of age in rural area of Shaanxi Province. 【Methods】 A case-control study was conducted in the research, and children under 5 years old in nine National surveillance counties of Shaanxi were collected. The questionnaire of national survey of accidental injuries among children under 5 years of age was used to investigate the basic information of children, socio-demographic characteristics, child care status, injury occurrence condition. The mean, standard deviation and percentage were used to describe the basic situation and main characteristics of accidental death. The Chi-square test and Logistic regression methods were performed to explore the relational factors of accidental death of children. 【Results】 Of the 25 cases of accidental death of children under the age of five years old, 5 were traffic accidents (20.0%), 9 cases were falling (36.0%), and 11 were suffocation (44.0%). Age distribution showed that children of accidental suffocation were younger, with 90.9% (10 cases) of them under the age of 1 years old. Gender distribution showed that traffic accident deaths occurred to boys. Area distribution showed that falling and suffocation death mainly happened in Hanzhong, while traffic accidents death mainly in Weinan. When the accident happened, 8 caregivers were not on the scene. What was worse, among 17 caregivers who were on the scene of accident, only 4 kept an eye on children. Compared with 25 children in control group, 16 in case group had received health examination, and the difference showed statistical significance (χ2=8.672, P=0.003). Meanwhile, 9 main caregivers were mothers in the case group, compared with 14 in the control group. The Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with fathers, mothers as the children’ main caregivers could positively reduce accidental death of children (OR=0.016, 95% CI: 0.000 3-0.997, P=0.049). 【Conclusion】 To decrease the incidence rate and mortality of accidental death of children under the age of five years old, parenting behavior guidance, health examination, and targeted health education should be taken in Maternal and Child Health Care System as a routine work.
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Background Kunming is a plateau city with sufficient sunshine, high ultraviolet intensity, and strong radiation. In recent years, ozone (O3) pollution has gradually become the primary problem of air pollution in the city. Objective To evaluate the health effects of atmospheric O3 exposure on non-accidental deaths in Kunming. Methods The data of meteorological variables (average temperature, average relative humidity, average air pressure, and average wind speed), air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, and O3) and non-accidental deaths (NAD) of residents were collected in Kunming from 2017 to 2019. A generalized additive model was adopted to conduct time-series analyses on the current-day (lag0), single-day (lag1-lag3), and cumulative lag (lag01-lag03) effects of O3 on NAD; furthermore, hierarchical analyses by gender, age, and season (warm and cold) were conducted. Results The average concentration of O3-8h from 2017 to 2019 was (84.3±32.3) μg·m−3. For every 10 μg·m−3 increase in O3-8h concentration, the NAD risks of lag0, lag01, and lag02 of total population increased by 0.70% (95%CI: 0.11%-1.29%) 0.79% (95%CI: 0.14%-1.44%), and 0.75% (95%CI: 0.08%-1.43%), respectively; for women, the NAD risks of lag2 and lag02 increased by 0.80% (95%CI: 0.08%-1.53%) and 1.05% (95%CI: 0.09%-2.03%) respectively; for the residents over the age of 65, the associated NAD risks of lag0, lag01, and lag02 increased by 0.82% (95%CI: 0.16%-1.48%), 0.93% (95%CI: 0.20%-1.67%), and 0.96% (95%CI: 0.20%-1.73%), respectively; in the warm season, the NAD risks of lag0, lag01, and lag02 increased by 0.91% (95%CI: 0.12%-1.70%), 0.98% (95%CI: 0.12%-1.86%), and 1.00% (95%CI: 0.07%-1.93%), respectively; After introducing PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO to the model, the effects of O3 exposure level on resident’s NAD was not statistically significant. Conclusion An increase of O3 exposure level associates with an increase of NAD risk in residents, and there is a lag effect. Residents over the age of 65, women, and all residents in warm season may be more sensitive to O3 exposure.
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Objective@#To evaluate the relationship between air pollutants and mortality of residents in Huairou District, Beijing, providing a basis for the formulation of air pollution control measures. @*Methods @#The data of daily deaths, meteorological factors and air pollutants in Huairou District from 2014 to 2018 were collected from Beijing Disease Prevention Monitoring Information Integration and Analysis System, Huairou Meteorological Bureau and Environmental Monitoring Station. The generalized additive models were used to analyze the relationship between the average daily concentration of air pollutants and the daily deaths.@*Results@#The medians of daily average concentrations of SO2, NO2, CO, O3, PM10 and PM2.5 were 5.00 μg/m3, 24.00 μg/m3, 0.71 mg/m3, 77.27 μg/m3, 64.25 μg/m3 and 44.13 μg/m3, respectively. Except for O3, the daily average concentrations of SO2, NO2, CO, PM10 and PM2.5 showed decreasing trends from 2014 to 2018. An increase of 10 μg/m3 of NO2 resulted in an elevation of 1.69% ( 95%CI: 0.31%-3.08% ) , 3.31% ( 95%CI: 1.24%-5.42% ) and 3.31% ( 95%CI: 0.51%-6.19% ) for non-accidental death in the whole population, females and people under 65 years old, respectively, with a delay of 2 days (lag2). For every 10 μg/m3 increase in the daily average concentrations of CO and PM2.5, the risk of non-accidental death among people under 65 years old at lag2 increased by 0.08% ( 95%CI: 0.01%-0.14% ) and 0.88% ( 95%CI: 0.12%-1.64% ) , respectively. For every 10 μg/m3 increase in daily average concentration of O3, there was 0.69% ( 95%CI: 0.02%-1.36% ) increase in daily male non-accidental death risk at lag4. The results of the multi-pollutant model showed that after adjusting the effects of the other two air pollutants, NO2, CO and PM2.5 had no statistically significant effects on the daily non-accidental deaths of people under 65 years old at lag2 ( P>0.05 ) . @*Conclusion@# The ambient NO2, CO, O3 and PM2.5 pollution increase daily non-accidental deaths, which shows a lag effect．
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Objective To study the preference relation between residence, sex, age and causes of accidental death of Chinese residents. Methods In this study, 72 residence-sex-age groups and 8 causes of accidental death were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by correspondence analysis using the official statistical yearbook issued from 2014 to 2018, and the preference values were calculated. Results Among the 576 pairs of correspondences between the residence-sex-age groups and causes of accidental death, 352 pairs （61.11%） showed a preference relation （preference value>0）. In terms of residence and sex, accidental death preference among Chinese residents was higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and males were higher than females. In terms of the causes of accidental death, the overall risk of accidental mechanical asphyxia and motor vehicle accidents was the highest among all age groups of Chinese residents. In terms of age, with the increase of age, the preference value of accidental death of Chinese residents showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The comparative analysis results of the preference values of various causes of accidental death in different age groups showed that motor vehicle traffic accidents, accidental poisoning, death by crush and electric shock were more likely to occur in the working age group between 20 and 59 years old, accidental fall and fire were more likely to occur in the elderly group over 80 years old, and drowning and accidental mechanical asphyxia were more likely to occur in the minor group between 1 and 19 years old. Conclusion There are different preference relations between residence-sex-age groups and causes of accidental death in China. Therefore, effective control strategies and measures should be formulated for Chinese residents with preference for accidental death.
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Accidental Falls , Accidents, Traffic , Asphyxia/etiology , China/epidemiology , DrowningABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of accidental death among children under 5 in Wenzhou during the period of 2007—2016, and to provide basis for the intervention program of accidental death in children. Methods The accidental death case of children in Wenzhou during 2007—2016 were collected,then the variation intensity, trend, and cause of death spectrum of accidental death were analyzed. Results The accidental death rate of children under 5 in this city showed a downward trend (P<0.05) during 2007—2016, with 12.38 per ten thousand on average. The accidental death rate of children in rural area was 13.26 per ten thousand, which was higher than 9.99 per ten thousand in urban area (P<0.05) . The accidental death gap between urban and rural children was narrowed down (P<0.05) . The unintentional death rate of floating children was 18.56 per ten thousand, and was higher than that of local children which was 9.44 per ten thousand (P<0.05) . The first cause of accidental death in children under 5 was accidental asphyxia, but drowning (46.38%) was more prominent in the 1-4 year old children. Conclusion In Wenzhou, the first cause of accidental death in children under 5 was accidental asphyxia.The accidental death of migrant children was significantly higher than local children.These characteristics have a good directional effect on future intervention measures.
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Objective To study the relationship between daily temperature and non-accidental deaths in four districts of Jinan,and to investigate the impact of temperature on cause-specific mortality. Methods Data on daily mortality of the four districts(Shizhong,Huaiyin,Tianqiao,Lixia) as well as data related to meteorology and air pollution index were collected from January 1,2008 to December 31,2012. Distributed lag non-linear model(DLNM)was then used to assess the effects of temperature on all non-accidental deaths and deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVD), respiratory diseases(RD),digestive diseases,urinary diseases,and also subcategories to hypertension, ischemic heart diseases(IHD),acute myocardial infarction(AMI),cerebro-vascular diseases(CBD) and chronic lower respiratory diseases. Results A W-shaped relationship was noticed between daily average temperature and non-accidental deaths. The effect of low temperature last for more than 30 days,much longer than that of high temperature,in which presented a harvesting effect less than 5 days. As to the cause-specific mortality,short-term heat effects were seen in CVD and RD as well as related subgroups as IHD,CBD and AMI,with RRs at lag 0 as 1.12(95%CI:1.07-1.17),1.06 (95%CI:1.02-1.31),1.08(95%CI:1.003-1.16),1.10(95%CI:1.02-1.20) and 1.13 (95%CI:1.003-1.26). Relatively higher RRs were seen in urinary diseases and hypertension under extremely high temperature,reaching as high as 2.30(95%CI:1.18-4.51)and 1.65(95%CI:1.02-2.69). Cold weather presented a delayed effect for 30 days,with cumulative RRs as 1.51(95%CI:1.42-1.60),1.90 (95%CI:1.64-2.20),2.12(95%CI:1.67-2.69),1.48(95%CI:1.08-2.03),1.60(95%CI:1.46-1.75), 1.40(95%CI:1.26-1.55),1.68(95%CI:1.45-1.95)for CVD,RD,chronic lower respiratory diseases, hypertension,IHD,CBD and AMI,on sequence. Conclusion A relationship was seen between daily temperature and non-accidental deaths as well as cause-specific mortality. Either high or low temperature seemed to be detrimental. Related measures on disease prevention should be taken during the cold and hot seasons.
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Objective To study the trend of accidental death among children under 5 years of age in Beijing.Methods Cases of death in children under 5 years old in Beijing,during 2003-2012 were collected,to analyze the strength and trends of accidental death,main causes of accident and its epidemiological features. Results The overall accidental death was 8.47% of all death among children under 5 years old in Beijing during 2003-2012. During these 10 years,data showed a downward trend on the mortality rates on injuries(P<0.05),especially on drowning,in 1-4 year old and rural children under five years of age. In 2012,the accidental death rate of children under five was 6.37/105. The 5 main causes of accidental deaths were suffocation,traffic accident,falling,poisoning and drowning,in order of size. The main causes of death were suffocation in the 0-1 year group, suffocation and traffic accident in the 1-2 year group and traffic accident in the 3-4 year group. The proportion of deaths due to traffic accident increased gradually with age. Area distribution showed that accidental deaths mainly happened in rural area(52.19%),with two main types as traffic accident and suffocation. Conclusion The reduction of accidental death rate among children under 5 years old in Beijing mainly was caused by the decline of accident mortality in 1-4 year old and children in the rural areas. Our data suggested that the focus in reducing the accidental death rate among children under 5 years old in Beijing should target on the prevention of infant suffocation and traffic accidents among the 1-4 year old,with rural areas in particular.
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Objective To study the relationship between daily temperature and non-accidental deaths in four districts of Jinan,and to investigate the impact of temperature on cause-specific mortality. Methods Data on daily mortality of the four districts(Shizhong,Huaiyin,Tianqiao,Lixia) as well as data related to meteorology and air pollution index were collected from January 1,2008 to December 31,2012. Distributed lag non-linear model(DLNM)was then used to assess the effects of temperature on all non-accidental deaths and deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVD), respiratory diseases(RD),digestive diseases,urinary diseases,and also subcategories to hypertension, ischemic heart diseases(IHD),acute myocardial infarction(AMI),cerebro-vascular diseases(CBD) and chronic lower respiratory diseases. Results A W-shaped relationship was noticed between daily average temperature and non-accidental deaths. The effect of low temperature last for more than 30 days,much longer than that of high temperature,in which presented a harvesting effect less than 5 days. As to the cause-specific mortality,short-term heat effects were seen in CVD and RD as well as related subgroups as IHD,CBD and AMI,with RRs at lag 0 as 1.12(95%CI:1.07-1.17),1.06 (95%CI:1.02-1.31),1.08(95%CI:1.003-1.16),1.10(95%CI:1.02-1.20) and 1.13 (95%CI:1.003-1.26). Relatively higher RRs were seen in urinary diseases and hypertension under extremely high temperature,reaching as high as 2.30(95%CI:1.18-4.51)and 1.65(95%CI:1.02-2.69). Cold weather presented a delayed effect for 30 days,with cumulative RRs as 1.51(95%CI:1.42-1.60),1.90 (95%CI:1.64-2.20),2.12(95%CI:1.67-2.69),1.48(95%CI:1.08-2.03),1.60(95%CI:1.46-1.75), 1.40(95%CI:1.26-1.55),1.68(95%CI:1.45-1.95)for CVD,RD,chronic lower respiratory diseases, hypertension,IHD,CBD and AMI,on sequence. Conclusion A relationship was seen between daily temperature and non-accidental deaths as well as cause-specific mortality. Either high or low temperature seemed to be detrimental. Related measures on disease prevention should be taken during the cold and hot seasons.
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Objective To study the trend of accidental death among children under 5 years of age in Beijing.Methods Cases of death in children under 5 years old in Beijing,during 2003-2012 were collected,to analyze the strength and trends of accidental death,main causes of accident and its epidemiological features. Results The overall accidental death was 8.47% of all death among children under 5 years old in Beijing during 2003-2012. During these 10 years,data showed a downward trend on the mortality rates on injuries(P<0.05),especially on drowning,in 1-4 year old and rural children under five years of age. In 2012,the accidental death rate of children under five was 6.37/105. The 5 main causes of accidental deaths were suffocation,traffic accident,falling,poisoning and drowning,in order of size. The main causes of death were suffocation in the 0-1 year group, suffocation and traffic accident in the 1-2 year group and traffic accident in the 3-4 year group. The proportion of deaths due to traffic accident increased gradually with age. Area distribution showed that accidental deaths mainly happened in rural area(52.19%),with two main types as traffic accident and suffocation. Conclusion The reduction of accidental death rate among children under 5 years old in Beijing mainly was caused by the decline of accident mortality in 1-4 year old and children in the rural areas. Our data suggested that the focus in reducing the accidental death rate among children under 5 years old in Beijing should target on the prevention of infant suffocation and traffic accidents among the 1-4 year old,with rural areas in particular.
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Objective To study the impact of daily mean temperature on mortality in Shanghai.Methods With data on daily mortality,meteorological and air pollution,we used a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to assess the effects of daily mean temperature on deaths (caused by non-accidental,cardiovascular and respiratory) adjusted for both secular,seasonal trends and other confounders.Results A J-shaped relationship was found consistently between daily mean temperature and non-accidental,cardiovascular and respiratory deaths in Shanghai.Cold effects were delayed by 1 day to 4 days and persisted for 14-30 days.Hot effects appeared acute and the highest at the first day,but lasted for 2 days and followed by mortality displacement.Conclusion In Shanghai,both cold and hot temperatures increased the risk of mortality with delayed effects.Cold effects seemed last longer than heat did.
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A death due to angle grinder injuries is reported. An angle grinder is a widely used electronic device at a working place or at home. A deceased old man and an angle grinder without a protective guard were found at the living room in his house where he had been renovating. The wound of the victim's head showed an oblique laceration, skull fractures and tearing on the brain, embedded with grinder disk fragments. A small intraparenchymal hematoma was in the midbrain, which could be the cause of the fall leading to the accident. Disreard of the cause of the accident, the absence of a protective guard and removal of one hilt might have contribute to the death of the victim.
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Brain , Electronics , Electrons , Head , Hematoma , Hypogonadism , Lacerations , Mesencephalon , Mitochondrial Diseases , Ophthalmoplegia , Skull FracturesABSTRACT
To investigate and analyze the factors which influence the public attitudes towards autopsy after accidental deaths.The study has carried on an investigation among 386 individuals in random,with a questionnaire named "The cognition of the public whether to carry on the autopsy after accidental deaths".Using the statistical methods of the Logistic Regression analysis and optimum regression analysis to analyze the recycling questionnaires.Through the diagnosis,we found there are four main factors which influence public opinion upon the autopsy after accidental deaths,the knowledge of autopsy,the believing in autopsy,years of schooling and family financial circumstances.