ABSTRACT
Objective To screen and identify the penetration enhancer in pharmacy prepared compound terbinafine ointment. Methods In vitro percutaneous penetration test was conducted with vertical Franz diffusion pool. The SD rat's abdomen skin was used for permeable membrane and 60% polyethylene glycol 400-40% saline for receiving liquid to analyze different osmotic promoters. Results The permeability of compound terbinafine ointment was significantly higher with 10% propylene glycol than 15% propylene glycol. The compound terbinafine ointment with 10% propylene glycol was also better than 3% azone in permeability. Conclusion 10% propylene glycol was selected to be the penetration promoter for pharmacy prepared compound terbinafine ointment, which improved the solubility of the drug in the skin.
ABSTRACT
The paper aims to establish the method to determine the monosaccharide composition and monosaccharide ratio in propylene glycol alginate sodium sulphate (PSS). Samples were hydrolyzed with trifluoroacetic acid, neutralized with sodium hydroxide solution after the reaction conditions for sample pretreatment were optimized via orthogonal analysis. A high performance anion exchange chromatograghy (HPAEC) coupled with pulsed amperometric detector (PAD) was performed on a CarboPac®PA20, using 200 mmol·L-1 sodium hydroxide solution and 1 mol·L-1 sodium acetate solution as mobile phase. The established HPAEC-PAD method was validated by testing the linear relationship, precision and accuracy, and showed exclusive, sensitive, rapid and wide use. The monosaccharide composition of PSS from different manufacture can be accurately determined with great significance for the structural identification of PSS.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To establish a method for the determination of 1-methoxy-2-propanol in urine using headspace solid phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography.@*Methods@#The 1-methoxy-2-propanol was enriched by headspace solid phase micro-extraction fiber coated with carbene/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) . Single factor rotation method was used to optimize the conditions of extraction temperature, salt amount, and extraction time. The separation was performed on DB-5 (30 m×0.32 mm×0.25 μm) capillary column and detected with flame ionization detector. The quantification was based on the standard curve.@*Results@#The concentration of 1-methoxy-2-propanol in urine was linear in the range of 0.50-10.0 mg/L, and the linear correlation coefficient was 0.9993. The detection limit of the method was 0.14 mg/L, and the limit of quantification was 0.45 mg/L. The recovery was 85.8% to 104.7%, and the RSD of intra- and inter-batch precision were 3.25%-6.65% and 0.81%-3.96%, respectively.@*Conclusion@#The method is high sensitivity and simple operation, and is suitable for the determination of 1-methoxy-2-propanol in urine of occupational exposure population.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to use Micro computed tomography (micro-CT) to evaluate the influence of the type of vehicle associated with calcium hydroxide on its ability to penetrate simulated lateral canals. Material and Methods: 30 acrylic blocks with simulated lateral canals comprising apical, middle and cervical thirds were used in the in vitro study. The blocks were divided into 3 groups (n = 10) according to the type of vehicle used (chlorhexidine, distilled water and propylene glycol) in the calcium hydroxide slurry, which was inserted in the respective group of simulated canals with a K# 30 file and then agitated with an ultrasonic tip. The blocks were scanned by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) before and after insertion of the medication. The images obtained were reconstructed and analyzed to obtain the initial volume of lateral canals and the volume of medication that penetrated into them. Results: In the intragroup analysis, both distilled water and chlorhexidine 2% were observed to present statistical difference in all thirds of the canal. Propylene glycol showed no intragroup difference. In the inter-group analysis, the propylene glycol paste presented higher values of penetration into the simulated lateral canals than the other groups (p <0.05). Conclusion: Propylene glycol used as vehicle of the calcium hydroxide paste provided better penetration results in simulated lateral canals (AU).
Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar por meio da microtomografia computadorizada a influência do tipo de veículo associado ao hidróxido de cálcio na capacidade de penetrar em canais laterais simulados. Material e Métodos: No estudo foram utilizados 30 blocos de acrílico com canais laterais simulados nos terços apical, médio e cervical. Os blocos foram divididos em 3 grupos (n=10) de acordo com o tipo de veículo utilizado (clorexidina, água destilada e propilenoglicol) na pasta de hidróxido de cálcio, foram inseridos com auxílio de uma lima tipo k 30 e em seguida agitadas com ultrassom. Os blocos foram escaneados em microtomografia computadorizada antes e após a inserção da medicação. As imagens obtidas foram reconstruídas e analisadas obtendo o volume inicial dos canais laterais e o volume de medicação que penetrou nos mesmos. Resultados: Na análise estatística intragrupo observou-se que tanto a água destilada quanto a clorexidina 2% apresentaram diferença estatística em todos os terços do canal. O propilenoglicol não apresentou diferença intragrupo. Já na análise entre os grupos, a pasta com propilenoglicol apresentou maior penetração nos canais laterais simulados (p<0,05). Conclusão: O propilenoglicol utilizado como veículo da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio permitiu melhores resultados de penetração em canais laterais simulados. (AU).
Subject(s)
Calcium Hydroxide , Endodontics , Propylene Glycol , X-Ray MicrotomographyABSTRACT
Objective:To prepare three kinds of liposomes with different solvent medium named common liposomes, ethanol liposomes and propylene glycol liposomes,screen and optimize the preparation process,and investigate the stability preliminarily. Methods:Common liposomes were prepared by a thin film dispersion method, and ethanol liposomes and propylene glycol liposomes were prepared by an injection method. With the same formula compositions,the size distribution of common liposomes was studied with hydration time, water bath temperature and rotation speed. The size distribution of ethanol liposomes and propylene glycol liposomes was studied different volume ratio of alcohol to water, stirring speed and mode of membrane passmg. An orthogonal design was adopted to obtain the optimal preparation technology based on the influences. Preliminary stability of the three different solvent medium liposomes was evaluated respectively on 0,1st,15th and 30th day using the changes of morphology and the mean particle size as the indicators. Results:The results of orthogonal test showed that the best preparation method for common liposomes was as follows:the hydration time was 60 min,the water bath temperature was 50℃ and the rotation speed was 200 r·min-1. The best preparation method for ethanol liposomes and propylene glycol liposomes was as follows:the volume ratio of alcohol to water was 1:2,the stirring speed was 1 000 r·min-1and the mode of membrane passing was 0.45 μm at first and then changed to 0.22 μm. Under the optimum preparation conditions, the three liposomes were closed monolayer or multilayer cystic spherosomes. The average diameter of common liposomes, ethanol liposomes and propylene glycol liposome was (1 016.2 ± 135.6),(578.7 ± 89.2) and (351.4 ± 53.8) nm, respectively. All the three liposomes were unstable during the one-month observation period. After the 15-day storage, obvious delamination appeared.Conclusion:Three different solvent medium liposomes prepared with the best process are in micro-scale or nano-scale. They are in poor stability, which should be freshly prepared before use.
ABSTRACT
Abstract: Pulp tissue conditions such as infections have long been treated with calcium hydroxide (CaOH). In the last decade, use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has gained ground. This study was carried out to comparatively evaluate the Ca release from CaOH powder with different vehicles and different types of MTA. Materials and Methods: 40 single rooted mandibular premolars were selected, decoronated and biomechanically prepared. They were randomly divided into four groups, consisting of 10 samples each. Root canals were packed with different preparations of CaOH and MTA. Calcium ion release was evaluated with an UV-spectrophotometer. Result: Amongst the CaOH preparations, using propylene glycol as a vehicle produced extended release of calcium ions (7.34 +/- 0.01) for a period of 14 days. Whereas, amongst MTA based products, MTA angelus produced the maximum release of calcium ions (2.42 +/- 0.010). A statistically significant difference was present between the four groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Propylene glycol mixed with CaOH powder, produces a higher and extended release of calcium ions compared to distilled water. MTA angelus produces consistent calcium ion release.
Subject(s)
Calcium Channel Agonists , Propylene Glycols , Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents , In Vitro Techniques , Solubility , SpectrophotometryABSTRACT
Abstract?AIM: To investigate the influence of propylene glycol mannite sulfate ( PGMS ) on the expression of tumor necrosis factor -α( TNF-α) and interleukin-1β( IL-1β) , in diabetic retinopathy by a rat model, to study the mechanism of PGMS against diabetic retinopathy, and provide a reliable theoretical and experimental evidence for the PGMS to be applied to clinical prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.?METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups, normal control group, diabetic control group and PGMS in group, the PGMS in groups included the doses of 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg. 1% streptozotocin ( STZ) of 60 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected in rats to establish the diabetic models. The PGMS with the doses of 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg were used to gavage in different groups of models for 12wk.Twelve weeks later, the animals were sacrificed and retinas were isolated. The aqueous humors and serums were taken, expressions of TNF-αand IL-1βprotein in retinas, aqueous humors and serums were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) , respectively.The location and the expression of TNF-αand IL-1βprotein in retina tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.?RESULTS: Twelve weeks after the use of PGMS, the level of blood glucose was not changed.ELISA showed that the expression of TNF-αand IL-1βprotein in serum and retina was significantly increased in diabetic control group than in normal control group(P<0.05), but in the groups which PGMS was given reduced, lower than those in diabetes mellitus( DM) group, especially as the concentration of PGMS increased ( P<0.05 ).But the levels of aqueous humor's TNF-αand IL-1βproteins in PGMS group were not reduced.Immunohistochemistry showed that the TNF -α protein was almost not expressed in normal control group. But the TNF-αprotein was highly expressed in diabetic control group. The expression mainly located in the ganglion cell layer, the inner plexiform layer, outer plexiform layer and pigment epithelium. The TNF-αprotein was weakly expressed at the group of 50mg/kg PGMS, the TNF-αprotein was almost not expressed at the group of 100mg/kg PGMS.When the normal control group was detected, the IL-1βprotein was weakly expressed in the outer plexiform layer.But the IL-1βprotein was also highly expressed in diabetic control group.The expression mainly located in the inner plexiform layer, outer plexiform layer and pigment epithelium. The IL -1βprotein was weakly expressed at the group of 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg PGMS.?CONCLUSION:PGMS can treat the diabetic retinopathy by downregulating the expressions of TNF-αand IL-1βin early diabetic retinopathy.PGMS maybe have a good control effect on early diabetic retinopathy.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of polymer in cefatrizine propylene glycol. METHODS:High performance sephadex gel chromatography was performed on the column of Sephadex G-10 with mobile phase A of 0.01 mol/L phosphate buffer [0.01 mol/L Disodium hydrogen phosphate solution-0.01 mol/L Sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution (61∶39,V/V)](pH7.0)and mobile phase B of water at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 254 nm,column temperature was 30℃,and volume injection was 200μl. RESULTS:The linear range of polymer was 2.07-103.30 mg/ml(r=0.999 4);the limit of quantitation of 10.4 ng,limit of detection was 4.1 ng;RSDs of precision and reprodicibility tests were lower than 3%. CONCLUSIONS:The method is specific with high sensitivity and good reproducibility,and can be used for the content determination of polymer in active pharmacentical ingredient cefatrizine propylene glycol.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To establish a method to detect the content of propylene glycol in the recombinant human glucagon-like peptide-1 (rhGLP-1) (7-36) injection by gas chromatography (GC). Methods: GC was performed using a quartz capillary column (30 m×320 μm,0.5 μm) with the mobile phase of N2 and inlet temperature of 230℃ at the flow rate of 1ml/min and column temperature of 250 ℃, the injection volume was 1μl. Results: The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0.5-1.5 mg/ml, r=0.9991. The average recovery rate was 100.2%; under different chromatographic conditions, the method had good stability, RSD was less than 2.0%. Conclusion: This method is simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be applied in the determination of propylene glycol content in rhGLP-1 (7-36) injection.
ABSTRACT
Objective To establish a method to detect the content of propylene glycol in the recombinant human glucagon-like peptide-1(rhGLP-1)(7-36) injection by gas chromatography(GC). Methods GC was performed using a quartz capillary column (30 m ×320 μm,0.5 μm) with the mobile phase of N2 and inlet temperature of 230℃ at the flow rate of 1ml/min and column temperature of 250 ℃, the injection volume was 1μl. Results The calibration curve was linear within the range of 0.5-1.5 mg/ml, r=0.9991. The average recovery rate was 100.2%; under different chromatographic conditions, the method had good stability, RSD was less than 2.0%. Conclusion This method is simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be applied in the determination of propylene glycol content in rhGLP-1(7-36) injection.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Buccal films consist mainly of polymer that has a good mucoadhesive profile and plasticizer. A lot of polymers and plasticizers can be used to configure the mucoadhesive films as hydroxyethyl cellulose and glycerin respectively. Material and Methods: Films prepared by dispersing the polymer, mixing it with plasticizer and pouring it in Petri dishes to be dried and cut finally. Physicochemical tests were used to evaluate the films. These tests are organoleptic evaluation and polymer and plasticizer selection, determination of rheological properties of polymers, film thickness, and determination of moisture content, determination of moisture uptake and evaluation of mechanical properties. Results and Conclusions: It was found that films prepared from polyvinyl alcohol 2% (w/w) especially with the addition of propylene glycol 20% from the weight of the polymer have excellent characteristics. This formula has promising organoleptic and mechanical properties and its solution is Non-Newtonian pseudoplastic. Moreover, this formula is very thin and has moderate percent of moisture content and moisture uptake. Also, it has high elongation with moderate tensile strength. As a result, it is better to prepare the film by these ingredients to obtain an ideal mucoadhesive formula.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To review the progress in the content assay methods of sulfate polysaccharide drugs. METHODS: By nonsuiting the literature at home and abroad in recent years, the content assay methods of sulfate polysaccharide drugs, including direct staining method, acid-degradation color-development method, photometric titration, liquid chromatography and biopotency, are introduced and compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The specificity, precision and accuracy, feasibility of practical operation and the instrument cost of the five methods are different. But high performance liquid chromatography method with good specificity, high sensitivity, and accuracy can give more accurate result of the drug content. It is more widely applied in the determination of drug content, so it will be the main method of content assay in the future.
ABSTRACT
(AU)O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da administração de propileno glicol e cobalto associado à vitamina B12 sobre o perfil metabólico e a atividade enzimática de ovelhas da raça Santa Inês no período do periparto. Foram utilizadas 18 ovelhas prenhes, pesando em torno de 40kg. Aproximadamente 30 dias antes da data prevista para o parto foram separadas de maneira aleatória em três grupos e administrados os suplementos conforme a seguir: (G1/n=6) grupo que recebeu propileno glicol (30mL por via oral diariamente); (G2/n=6) grupo que recebeu cobalto (1mg de cloreto de cobalto a 1%, via oral diariamente) associado a vitamina B12 (2mg via intramuscular, semanalmente) e (G3/n=6) grupo controle. As amostras de sangue das ovelhas para avaliação do perfil metabólico e enzimático (glicose, β-hidroxibutirato-BHB, NEFA, proteína total, albumina, uréia, creatinina, AST, GGT, FA e CK) foram colhidas 30 dias antes da data prevista para o parto, uma semana antes (ante-parto), no parto, às 24h, 72h, 5 dias, 15 dias e 30 dias após o parto. Não foi observado cetonúria nos momentos que antecederam ao parto. A administração dos suplementos não influenciou sobre o perfil metabólico, protéico e energético, assim como não houve comprometimento hepático das ovelhas no período do periparto.(AU)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the administration of propylene glycol and cobalt associated with vitamin B12 on the metabolic profile and enzymatic activity of Santa Inês ewes in the peripartum period. A total of 18 pregnant ewes, weighing around 40kg were used. Approximately 30 days before the expected date of delivery were randomly separated into three groups and administered supplements as follows: (G1/n = 6) group received propylene glycol (30mL orally daily); (G2/n = 6) group receiving cobalt (1mg cobalt chloride 1%, orally daily) associated with vitamin B12 (2mg intramuscular weekly) and (G3/n = 6) control group. Blood samples from ewes to evaluate the enzymatic and metabolic profile (glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, BHB, NEFA, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, AST, GGT, ALP and CK) were taken 30 days before the date set for delivery, one week before (ante partum), delivery at 24h, 72h, 5 days, 15 days and 30 days after delivery. ketonuria was not observed in pre partum. The administration of supplements had no effect on the metabolic profile, protein and energy, and no liver disorders was observed in peripartum.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Vitamin B 12/analysis , Sheep/metabolism , Cobalt/analysis , Propylene Glycol , Peripartum PeriodABSTRACT
Objective: To study the transdermal penetration absorption of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the monarch drug in Xiaoyan Zhentong Cataplasm and to optimize the transdermal penetration enhancers of Xiaoyan Zhentong Cataplasm. Methods: The Franz diffusion cell was used to study the in vitro permeation behavior, and salvianolic acid B and Tanshinone IIA were chosen as indexes. Samples with different penetration enhancers were assayed by HPLC method to determine the cumulative permeation quantity and permeation rate of salvianolic acid B and Tanshinone IIA. Results: When azone - propylene glycol (1:1), the permeation rates of salvianolic acid B and Tanshinone IIA through rat skin in vitro were 3.62 and 1.35 μg/(cm2·;h), respectively, and the 24 h permeated amounts were 88.72 and 16.12 μg/cm2, respectively. Compared with the Xiaoyan Zhentong Cataplasm without penetration enhancers, the permeation rates increased by 6 and 10 times, respectively. Conclusion: The combination of Azone - propylene glycol (1:1) is an effective penetration enhancer both to water-soluble salvianolic acid B and liposoluble Tanshinone IIA.
ABSTRACT
Tanto o propilenoglicol quanto o butilenoglicol são substâncias químicas utilizadas em larga escala como excipientes em uma miríade de produtos dermatológicos. Todavia, há relatos de reações adversas dérmicas associadas a ambas, descritas sob a forma de relatos de caso e de estudos epidemiológicos. O objetivo primário deste estudo foi o de medir a frequência de publicação de relatos de caso em dermatite de contato a ambas substâncias, através de uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática. Objetivos secundários foram caracterizar sua epidemiologia, classificação, apresentação clínica, abordagens diagnósticas mais praticadas e formas de tratamento. Concluímos que o propilenoglicol apresentou uma frequência de publicação de relatos de caso sobre reações adversas dermatológicas superior ao butilenoglicol e que sua etiopatogenia, apresentação clínica e metodologia diagnóstica estão melhor descritas na literatura.Abreviaturas: AAD - American Association of Dermatology DCA - Dermatite de Contacto Alérgica DCI - Dermatite de Contacto Irritativa LILACS - Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde PUT - Provocative Use Test ROAT - Repeated Open Application Test TNF - Tumor Necrosis Factor.
ABSTRACT
Normalmente uma formulação pode ser manipulada de diversas maneiras, devendo-se sempre optar pela técnica que forneça o produto mais estável e homogêneo. Alguns farmacêuticos a fim de facilitar e acelerar a manipulação dispersam a uréia em propilenoglicol antes de proceder a homogeneização da mesma no veículo, enquanto outros profissionais acreditam que essa técnica pode ocasionar instabilidade física no produto final e por isso acrescentam o veículo diretamente na uréia. Logo, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o comportamento reológico e a estabilidade física de formulações acrescidas de 10% de uréia manipuladas com, ou sem, a adição de propilenoglicol. Foi realizado o estudo de Estabilidade acelerada, com duração de 180 dias. As formulações foram armazenadas em temperatura ambiente (25ºC±2), geladeira (5ºC±2) e estufa (37ºC±2) e as leituras foram feitas nos tempos 24 horas (T1), 15 dias (T15) e 180 dias (T180), onde foram analisadas as características organolépticas, teste de centrífuga, determinação do pH, viscosidade e comportamento reológico. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo mostraram que a presença do propilenoglicol melhorou a estabilidade física da emulsão acrescida de uréia, a longo prazo.
Normally, an emulsion can be prepared in several ways, the method of choice invariably being the one that provides the most stable and homogeneous product. Some pharmamacists, in order to facilitate and accelerate the manipulation, disperse the urea in propylene glycol before proceeding to its homogenization in the vehicle, while others believe that this method can lead to physical instability in the final product and for that reason they add the vehicle directly to the urea. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the rheological behavior and the physical stability of formulations containing 10% urea, prepared with, or without, the prior addition of propylene glycol to the urea. An accelerated stability test was carried out over a period of 180 days. The formulations were stored at room temperature (25±2ºC), refrigerated (5±2ºC) and incubated at blood temperature (37±2ºC) and assessed after 24 hours (T1), 15 days (T15) and 180 days (T180), when the organoleptical characteristics, pH, viscosity and rheological behavior were recorded, along with data from the centrifuge test. The results showed that premixing the urea in propylene glycol improved the physical stability of the emulsion plus urea, in the long run.
Subject(s)
Propylene Glycols , Rheology , UreaABSTRACT
AIM:To investigate the inhibitory effect of rabbit lens epithelial cell(RLEC)survival and growth by propylene glycol mannate sulfate(PGMS)on the rabbit capsular bag in vitro.METHODS;Capsular bags were prepared from rabbit eyes after extracapsular cataract extraction(ECCE)and incubated in 0.2,0.4,0.8g/L PGMS in 2,5,10 minutes incubation periods.After treatment,the capsular bags were cultured for 7 days in Dulbecco minimum essential medium(DMEM)supplemented with 50mL/L fetal calf serum(FCS).The specimens were examined with light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Capsular bags without receiving PGMS only served as controls.RESULTS:PGMS inhibited the proliferation of RLEC in the manner of concentration and time dependentment.At the threshold protocol of incubation in PGMS at 0.8g/L for 5 or 10 minutes,proliferative activity of cells were largely arrested and nearly no RLEC was seen on the posterior capsule(P＜0.05).Control group had no effect on structure and proliferative activity of RLEC,and the growth proceeded rapidly so that the posterior capsule were totally covered by a confluent monolayer of cell by the end of 7 days.Under TEM,the cells in the control group were tightly arrayed with clearly defined cellular boundary and structure;while cellular deformity and undefined intracellular structure could be seen in the 0.4g/L and 0.8g/L experimental groups.CONCLUSION:PGMS can effectively inhibit the proliferation of RLEC.
ABSTRACT
Silmazine(R) cream is an antibiotic agent widely used in burn therapy. It consists of Propylene glycol, Stearyl alcohol, Isopropyl Myristate, Sorbitan mono-oleate, Methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, Polyoxyl 40 stearate and varseline. A 24-year- old female presented with well-demarcated erythematous papules and vesicles with an itching sensation on the dorsal area of her right hand. She had applied Silmazine(R) cream on the dorsal area of her right handfor 4 days and the skin lesion became aggravated. A patch test with Silmazine(R) cream 'as is' showed a positive reaction and propylene glycol and stearyl alcohol, ingredients in Silmazine(R) cream, revealed a positive reaction. These two agents are known as weak sensitizers that can produce allergic contact dermatitis. There are some reports of allergic contact dermatitis from propylene glycol and stearyl alcohol used topically. As far as we know, there are no reports of allergic contact dermatitis from propylene glycol and stearyl alcohol in the Silmazine(R) cream (Silver sulfadiazine) that is commonly used as topical antibiotic medication for burns. We report this rare case of allergic contact dermatitis from propylene glycol and stearyl alcohol in Silmazine(R) cream (Silver sulfadiazine).
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , 2-Propanol , Alkenes , Burns , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact , Fatty Alcohols , Hand , Myristates , Myristic Acid , Patch Tests , Propylene Glycol , Pruritus , Sensation , SkinABSTRACT
A rutina é empregada como antioxidante e na prevenção da fragilidade capilar. Estudos de penetração in vitro através da pele humana seria a situação ideal, entretanto, há dificuldades de sua obtenção e manutenção de sua viabilidade. Entre os demais modelos de membrana, a muda de pele de cobra se apresenta como estrato córneo puro, fornecendo barreira similar ao humano e é obtida sem a morte do animal. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram desenvolver e avaliar a estabilidade de uma emulsão cosmética contendo rutina e, como promotor de penetração cutânea, o propilenoglicol; e avaliar a penetração e a retenção cutânea in vitro da referida substância ativa da formulação, empregando um modelo de biomembrana alternativo. A emulsão foi desenvolvida com rutina e propilenoglicol, ambos a 5,0 por cento p/p. Quantificou-se a rutina das emulsões por espectrofotometria a 361,0 nm, método previamente validado. A penetração e retenção cutânea in vitro foram realizadas em células de difusão vertical com muda de pele de cobra de Crotalus durissus, como modelo de biomembrana alternativo, e água destilada e álcool etílico absoluto 99,5 por cento (1:1), como fluido receptor. O experimento foi conduzido em um período de seis horas, a 37,0 ± 0,5 ºC e agitação constante de 300 rpm. Empregou-se o método espectrofotométrico validado a 410,0 nm para a quantificação da rutina após penetração e retenção cutânea. A emulsão não promoveu a penetração cutânea da rutina através da muda de pele de C. durissus, retendo 0,931 ± 0,0391 mg de rutina/mg de muda de pele de cobra. Nas condições de armazenamento a 25,0 ± 2,0 ºC; 5,0 ± 0,5 ºC e 45,0 ± 0,5 ºC, a emulsão apresentou-se quimicamente estável durante 30 dias. De acordo com os resultados, a emulsão não favoreceu a penetração cutânea da rutina, mas apenas sua retenção no estrato córneo de C. durissus, condição considerada estável no período de 30 dias.
Rutin is employed as antioxidant and to prevent the capillary fragility and, when incorporated in cosmetic emulsions, it must target the action site. In vitro cutaneous penetration studies through human skin is the ideal situation, however, there are difficulties to obtain and to maintain this tissue viability. Among the membrane models, shed snake skin presents itself as pure stratum corneum, providing barrier function similar to human and it is obtained without the animal sacrifice. The objectives of this research were the development and stability evaluation of a cosmetic emulsion containing rutin and propylene glycol (penetration enhancer) and the evaluation of rutin in vitro cutaneous penetration and retention from the emulsion, employing an alternative model biomembrane. Emulsion was developed with rutin and propylene glycol, both at 5.0 percent w/w. Active substance presented on the formulation was quantified by a validated spectrophotometric method at 361.0 nm. Rutin cutaneous penetration and retention was performed in vertical diffusion cells with shed snake skin of Crotalus durissus, as alternative model biomembrane, and distilled water and ethanol 99.5 percent (1:1), as receptor fluid. The experiment was conducted for six hours, at 37.0 ± 0.5 ºC with constant stirring of 300 rpm. Spectrophotometry at 410.0 nm, previously validated, determined the active substance after cutaneous penetration/retention. Emulsion did not promote rutin cutaneous penetration through C. durissus skin, retaining 0.931 ± 0.0391 mg rutin/mg shed snake skin. The referred formulation was chemically stable for 30 days after stored at 25.0 ± 2.0 ºC, 5.0 ± 0.5 ºC and 45.0 ± 0.5 ºC. In conclusion, it has not been verified the active cutaneous penetration through the model biomembrane, but only its retention on the Crotalus durissus stratum corneum, condition considered stable for 30 days.
Subject(s)
Cosmetic Stability , Emulsions , Propylene Glycol , Rutin/metabolism , Skin AbsorptionABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the influence of sulfated propylene glycol alginate(PSS) and its fractions on the immunoregulation.Methods The immunoregulation activity of PSS and its fractions were investigated by using immunocyte cultivation technique in vitro.The structure activity relationship was analysed on the basis of the structure studies of PSS' fractions.Results The experimental results showed that PSS could improve spleen cell proliferation,enhance macrophage phagocytic function and inhibit T-cell and B-cell proliferation.Conclusion PSS possessed significant immunoregulation effect,whilst the immunocompetence comparison of PSS' fractions proved that the different immunocytes had different requirements for saccharides length.